mud pump working animation pricelist

Mud pump, refers to the drilling process to the drilling mud or water and other washing liquid machinery. The main components are volute, impeller, pump seat, pump case, support cylinder, motor seat, motor and other components. Impeller nut is cast iron, so corrosion resistance is good, and convenient processing technology. Pump seat is equipped with four skeleton oil seal and shaft sleeve, prevent shaft wear, prolong the service life of the shaft.

High quality vertical mud pumps with thick, solid shaft and copper motor can be provided in ATO shop. Various models are available, such as 2 inch mud pump, 3 inch mud pump, 4 inch mud pump and 6 inch mud pump. Here is the price list of vertical mud pump.

Sewage mud pump is used in mining, papermaking, printing and dyeing, environmental protection, ceramics, refining, petroleum, chemical industry, farm, dyeing, brewing, food, construction, gold mine, mud, quicksand, mud pond, sewage pond, turbid fluid to send suction thick liquid, loading and suspended matter sewage operation, can also be used for mine drainage and fluid containing mud blocks.

If the mud pump and high-pressure water pump, water gun with the composition of hydraulic mechanized earthwork unit, can be used for land leveling, river and pond dredging, digging and other small water conservancy projects, as well as urban air defense engineering, underground engineering.

The crank gear and connecting rods drive a rotary movement that is transferred by the motor transmission. The pressure is produced by the piston in the cylinder due to which the mud is sucked. Following the operation, the suction valve is closed when it moves to left. As the pressure increase in the pipeline, the valve is forced to open and mud is released.

In accordance with the operating liquid displacer type being incorporated, the pumps are subdivided into piston units and plunger-type units. The liquid discharge uniformity is independent of head. The pumping plants are used actively for the processes with the liquids containing solid inclusions in high amounts. Incorporating the self-suction function in piston unit, the liquid is sucked and discharged twice in mud pumps during the single shaft turn, making themselves the double-action pumps whereas, the mud plunger pumps are single-action pumps where the liquid is sucked and discharged only once during a shaft turn.

The single direct-action three-piston pumps prove to be better than other types of drilling. These pumps demonstrate much more uniformity in mud delivery, lesser weight, and easy mounting when compared with two-cylinder units.

Depending on the number of cylinders, the pumping plants are classified into the following categories, single-cylinder, double-cylinder, three-cylinder and multi-cylinder pumping plants. These cylinders may be vertical or horizontal. Comparatively, the multi-cylinder pumping plants will cost higher but don’t feature any significant advantages other than the single-cylinder.

When drilling, there might occur the necessity of mud pumping out- and flushing-out, so there are various types of pumps available for such operations which are required to be installed on drilling rigs.

Sucker-rod pumps: In sucker-rod pumps, the pumpjack is a driver. This pump is installed at the bottom of the well. The reciprocating movements of the pumpjack are converted into liquid flow by the pump, which results in delivery of liquid on the surface. These pumps move oil with various admixtures demonstrating high level of capacity.

Screw pumps:The screw pumps are small-sized and are generally used to deliver mud into a centrifuge. These pumps have the rotor and stator as the major structural components and the material used to manufacture these components suit right for smooth pumping of liquids with solid inclusions and high level of viscosity. The pumped liquid flows with stable pressure, shaft slowly and the flow is free of vortexes. These pumps comparatively require minimum service.

Well pumps: These pumps are submerged into wells. The ground part of the plant is a transformer substation equipped for start and adjustment. The pump has a vertical structure, with a fixed cylinder and single-action. A plunger and valve are moving parts. The pumped liquid may contain water content of up to 99% at the temperature as high as 130ºC.

All the mud pumps have few general advantages that include the capability to process liquids and substances with high level of viscosity and with admixtures. Also, enabling the smooth flow of substances, free of pulsations or suspensions mixing are counted under the major advantages of incorporating mud pumps. The pumps have high suction power and small weight, easing out the transportation and installation at remote oil fields. They are highly reliable and also affordable.

There are various types of mud pumps available for different purposes. So, it is important to incorporate the right one for your purpose. A Professional help in getting the right mud pump would be a good and safe option.

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The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers and other components of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

When a pump contains two or more pump mechanisms with fluid being directed to flow through them in series, it is called a multi-stage pump. Terms such as two-stage or double-stage may be used to specifically describe the number of stages. A pump that does not fit this description is simply a single-stage pump in contrast.

In biology, many different types of chemical and biomechanical pumps have evolved; biomimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps.

Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into positive-displacement pumps, impulse pumps, velocity pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps and valveless pumps. There are three basic types of pumps: positive-displacement, centrifugal and axial-flow pumps. In centrifugal pumps the direction of flow of the fluid changes by ninety degrees as it flows over an impeller, while in axial flow pumps the direction of flow is unchanged.

Some positive-displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.

Positive-displacement pumps, unlike centrifugal, can theoretically produce the same flow at a given speed (rpm) no matter what the discharge pressure. Thus, positive-displacement pumps are constant flow machines. However, a slight increase in internal leakage as the pressure increases prevents a truly constant flow rate.

A positive-displacement pump must not operate against a closed valve on the discharge side of the pump, because it has no shutoff head like centrifugal pumps. A positive-displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve continues to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line increases until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged, or both.

A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive-displacement pump is therefore necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external. The pump manufacturer normally has the option to supply internal relief or safety valves. The internal valve is usually used only as a safety precaution. An external relief valve in the discharge line, with a return line back to the suction line or supply tank provides increased safety.

Rotary-type positive displacement: internal or external gear pump, screw pump, lobe pump, shuttle block, flexible vane or sliding vane, circumferential piston, flexible impeller, helical twisted roots (e.g. the Wendelkolben pump) or liquid-ring pumps

Drawbacks: The nature of the pump requires very close clearances between the rotating pump and the outer edge, making it rotate at a slow, steady speed. If rotary pumps are operated at high speeds, the fluids cause erosion, which eventually causes enlarged clearances that liquid can pass through, which reduces efficiency.

Hollow disk pumps (also known as eccentric disc pumps or Hollow rotary disc pumps), similar to scroll compressors, these have a cylindrical rotor encased in a circular housing. As the rotor orbits and rotates to some degree, it traps fluid between the rotor and the casing, drawing the fluid through the pump. It is used for highly viscous fluids like petroleum-derived products, and it can also support high pressures of up to 290 psi.

Vibratory pumps or vibration pumps are similar to linear compressors, having the same operating principle. They work by using a spring-loaded piston with an electromagnet connected to AC current through a diode. The spring-loaded piston is the only moving part, and it is placed in the center of the electromagnet. During the positive cycle of the AC current, the diode allows energy to pass through the electromagnet, generating a magnetic field that moves the piston backwards, compressing the spring, and generating suction. During the negative cycle of the AC current, the diode blocks current flow to the electromagnet, letting the spring uncompress, moving the piston forward, and pumping the fluid and generating pressure, like a reciprocating pump. Due to its low cost, it is widely used in inexpensive espresso machines. However, vibratory pumps cannot be operated for more than one minute, as they generate large amounts of heat. Linear compressors do not have this problem, as they can be cooled by the working fluid (which is often a refrigerant).

Reciprocating pumps move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers, or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict fluid motion to the desired direction. In order for suction to take place, the pump must first pull the plunger in an outward motion to decrease pressure in the chamber. Once the plunger pushes back, it will increase the chamber pressure and the inward pressure of the plunger will then open the discharge valve and release the fluid into the delivery pipe at constant flow rate and increased pressure.

Pumps in this category range from simplex, with one cylinder, to in some cases quad (four) cylinders, or more. Many reciprocating-type pumps are duplex (two) or triplex (three) cylinder. They can be either single-acting with suction during one direction of piston motion and discharge on the other, or double-acting with suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered manually, by air or steam, or by a belt driven by an engine. This type of pump was used extensively in the 19th century—in the early days of steam propulsion—as boiler feed water pumps. Now reciprocating pumps typically pump highly viscous fluids like concrete and heavy oils, and serve in special applications that demand low flow rates against high resistance. Reciprocating hand pumps were widely used to pump water from wells. Common bicycle pumps and foot pumps for inflation use reciprocating action.

These positive-displacement pumps have an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant given each cycle of operation and the pump"s volumetric efficiency can be achieved through routine maintenance and inspection of its valves.

This is the simplest form of rotary positive-displacement pumps. It consists of two meshed gears that rotate in a closely fitted casing. The tooth spaces trap fluid and force it around the outer periphery. The fluid does not travel back on the meshed part, because the teeth mesh closely in the center. Gear pumps see wide use in car engine oil pumps and in various hydraulic power packs.

A screw pump is a more complicated type of rotary pump that uses two or three screws with opposing thread — e.g., one screw turns clockwise and the other counterclockwise. The screws are mounted on parallel shafts that have gears that mesh so the shafts turn together and everything stays in place. The screws turn on the shafts and drive fluid through the pump. As with other forms of rotary pumps, the clearance between moving parts and the pump"s casing is minimal.

Widely used for pumping difficult materials, such as sewage sludge contaminated with large particles, a progressing cavity pump consists of a helical rotor, about ten times as long as its width. This can be visualized as a central core of diameter x with, typically, a curved spiral wound around of thickness half x, though in reality it is manufactured in a single casting. This shaft fits inside a heavy-duty rubber sleeve, of wall thickness also typically x. As the shaft rotates, the rotor gradually forces fluid up the rubber sleeve. Such pumps can develop very high pressure at low volumes.

Named after the Roots brothers who invented it, this lobe pump displaces the fluid trapped between two long helical rotors, each fitted into the other when perpendicular at 90°, rotating inside a triangular shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of suction and at the point of discharge. This design produces a continuous flow with equal volume and no vortex. It can work at low pulsation rates, and offers gentle performance that some applications require.

A peristaltic pump is a type of positive-displacement pump. It contains fluid within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing (though linear peristaltic pumps have been made). A number of rollers, shoes, or wipers attached to a rotor compresses the flexible tube. As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression closes (or occludes), forcing the fluid through the tube. Additionally, when the tube opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam it draws (restitution) fluid into the pump. This process is called peristalsis and is used in many biological systems such as the gastrointestinal tract.

Efficiency and common problems: With only one cylinder in plunger pumps, the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the plunger moves through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is at the end positions. A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system. Vibration and

Triplex plunger pumps use three plungers, which reduces the pulsation of single reciprocating plunger pumps. Adding a pulsation dampener on the pump outlet can further smooth the pump ripple, or ripple graph of a pump transducer. The dynamic relationship of the high-pressure fluid and plunger generally requires high-quality plunger seals. Plunger pumps with a larger number of plungers have the benefit of increased flow, or smoother flow without a pulsation damper. The increase in moving parts and crankshaft load is one drawback.

Car washes often use these triplex-style plunger pumps (perhaps without pulsation dampers). In 1968, William Bruggeman reduced the size of the triplex pump and increased the lifespan so that car washes could use equipment with smaller footprints. Durable high-pressure seals, low-pressure seals and oil seals, hardened crankshafts, hardened connecting rods, thick ceramic plungers and heavier duty ball and roller bearings improve reliability in triplex pumps. Triplex pumps now are in a myriad of markets across the world.

Triplex pumps with shorter lifetimes are commonplace to the home user. A person who uses a home pressure washer for 10 hours a year may be satisfied with a pump that lasts 100 hours between rebuilds. Industrial-grade or continuous duty triplex pumps on the other end of the quality spectrum may run for as much as 2,080 hours a year.

The oil and gas drilling industry uses massive semi trailer-transported triplex pumps called mud pumps to pump drilling mud, which cools the drill bit and carries the cuttings back to the surface.

One modern application of positive-displacement pumps is compressed-air-powered double-diaphragm pumps. Run on compressed air, these pumps are intrinsically safe by design, although all manufacturers offer ATEX certified models to comply with industry regulation. These pumps are relatively inexpensive and can perform a wide variety of duties, from pumping water out of bunds to pumping hydrochloric acid from secure storage (dependent on how the pump is manufactured – elastomers / body construction). These double-diaphragm pumps can handle viscous fluids and abrasive materials with a gentle pumping process ideal for transporting shear-sensitive media.

Devised in China as chain pumps over 1000 years ago, these pumps can be made from very simple materials: A rope, a wheel and a pipe are sufficient to make a simple rope pump. Rope pump efficiency has been studied by grassroots organizations and the techniques for making and running them have been continuously improved.

Impulse pumps use pressure created by gas (usually air). In some impulse pumps the gas trapped in the liquid (usually water), is released and accumulated somewhere in the pump, creating a pressure that can push part of the liquid upwards.

Instead of a gas accumulation and releasing cycle, the pressure can be created by burning of hydrocarbons. Such combustion driven pumps directly transmit the impulse from a combustion event through the actuation membrane to the pump fluid. In order to allow this direct transmission, the pump needs to be almost entirely made of an elastomer (e.g. silicone rubber). Hence, the combustion causes the membrane to expand and thereby pumps the fluid out of the adjacent pumping chamber. The first combustion-driven soft pump was developed by ETH Zurich.

It takes in water at relatively low pressure and high flow-rate and outputs water at a higher hydraulic-head and lower flow-rate. The device uses the water hammer effect to develop pressure that lifts a portion of the input water that powers the pump to a point higher than where the water started.

The hydraulic ram is sometimes used in remote areas, where there is both a source of low-head hydropower, and a need for pumping water to a destination higher in elevation than the source. In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it requires no outside source of power other than the kinetic energy of flowing water.

Rotodynamic pumps (or dynamic pumps) are a type of velocity pump in which kinetic energy is added to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in potential energy (pressure) when the velocity is reduced prior to or as the flow exits the pump into the discharge pipe. This conversion of kinetic energy to pressure is explained by the

A practical difference between dynamic and positive-displacement pumps is how they operate under closed valve conditions. Positive-displacement pumps physically displace fluid, so closing a valve downstream of a positive-displacement pump produces a continual pressure build up that can cause mechanical failure of pipeline or pump. Dynamic pumps differ in that they can be safely operated under closed valve conditions (for short periods of time).

Such a pump is also referred to as a centrifugal pump. The fluid enters along the axis or center, is accelerated by the impeller and exits at right angles to the shaft (radially); an example is the centrifugal fan, which is commonly used to implement a vacuum cleaner. Another type of radial-flow pump is a vortex pump. The liquid in them moves in tangential direction around the working wheel. The conversion from the mechanical energy of motor into the potential energy of flow comes by means of multiple whirls, which are excited by the impeller in the working channel of the pump. Generally, a radial-flow pump operates at higher pressures and lower flow rates than an axial- or a mixed-flow pump.

These are also referred to as All fluid pumps. The fluid is pushed outward or inward to move fluid axially. They operate at much lower pressures and higher flow rates than radial-flow (centrifugal) pumps. Axial-flow pumps cannot be run up to speed without special precaution. If at a low flow rate, the total head rise and high torque associated with this pipe would mean that the starting torque would have to become a function of acceleration for the whole mass of liquid in the pipe system. If there is a large amount of fluid in the system, accelerate the pump slowly.

Mixed-flow pumps function as a compromise between radial and axial-flow pumps. The fluid experiences both radial acceleration and lift and exits the impeller somewhere between 0 and 90 degrees from the axial direction. As a consequence mixed-flow pumps operate at higher pressures than axial-flow pumps while delivering higher discharges than radial-flow pumps. The exit angle of the flow dictates the pressure head-discharge characteristic in relation to radial and mixed-flow.

Regenerative turbine pump rotor and housing, 1⁄3 horsepower (0.25 kW). 85 millimetres (3.3 in) diameter impeller rotates counter-clockwise. Left: inlet, right: outlet. .4 millimetres (0.016 in) thick vanes on 4 millimetres (0.16 in) centers

Also known as drag, friction, peripheral, traction, turbulence, or vortex pumps, regenerative turbine pumps are class of rotodynamic pump that operates at high head pressures, typically 4–20 bars (4.1–20.4 kgf/cm2; 58–290 psi).

The pump has an impeller with a number of vanes or paddles which spins in a cavity. The suction port and pressure ports are located at the perimeter of the cavity and are isolated by a barrier called a stripper, which allows only the tip channel (fluid between the blades) to recirculate, and forces any fluid in the side channel (fluid in the cavity outside of the blades) through the pressure port. In a regenerative turbine pump, as fluid spirals repeatedly from a vane into the side channel and back to the next vane, kinetic energy is imparted to the periphery,

As regenerative turbine pumps cannot become vapor locked, they are commonly applied to volatile, hot, or cryogenic fluid transport. However, as tolerances are typically tight, they are vulnerable to solids or particles causing jamming or rapid wear. Efficiency is typically low, and pressure and power consumption typically decrease with flow. Additionally, pumping direction can be reversed by reversing direction of spin.

Steam pumps have been for a long time mainly of historical interest. They include any type of pump powered by a steam engine and also pistonless pumps such as Thomas Savery"s or the Pulsometer steam pump.

Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in low power solar steam pumps for use in smallholder irrigation in developing countries. Previously small steam engines have not been viable because of escalating inefficiencies as vapour engines decrease in size. However the use of modern engineering materials coupled with alternative engine configurations has meant that these types of system are now a cost-effective opportunity.

Valveless pumping assists in fluid transport in various biomedical and engineering systems. In a valveless pumping system, no valves (or physical occlusions) are present to regulate the flow direction. The fluid pumping efficiency of a valveless system, however, is not necessarily lower than that having valves. In fact, many fluid-dynamical systems in nature and engineering more or less rely upon valveless pumping to transport the working fluids therein. For instance, blood circulation in the cardiovascular system is maintained to some extent even when the heart"s valves fail. Meanwhile, the embryonic vertebrate heart begins pumping blood long before the development of discernible chambers and valves. Similar to blood circulation in one direction, bird respiratory systems pump air in one direction in rigid lungs, but without any physiological valve. In microfluidics, valveless impedance pumps have been fabricated, and are expected to be particularly suitable for handling sensitive biofluids. Ink jet printers operating on the piezoelectric transducer principle also use valveless pumping. The pump chamber is emptied through the printing jet due to reduced flow impedance in that direction and refilled by capillary action.

Examining pump repair records and mean time between failures (MTBF) is of great importance to responsible and conscientious pump users. In view of that fact, the preface to the 2006 Pump User"s Handbook alludes to "pump failure" statistics. For the sake of convenience, these failure statistics often are translated into MTBF (in this case, installed life before failure).

In early 2005, Gordon Buck, John Crane Inc.’s chief engineer for field operations in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, examined the repair records for a number of refinery and chemical plants to obtain meaningful reliability data for centrifugal pumps. A total of 15 operating plants having nearly 15,000 pumps were included in the survey. The smallest of these plants had about 100 pumps; several plants had over 2000. All facilities were located in the United States. In addition, considered as "new", others as "renewed" and still others as "established". Many of these plants—but not all—had an alliance arrangement with John Crane. In some cases, the alliance contract included having a John Crane Inc. technician or engineer on-site to coordinate various aspects of the program.

Not all plants are refineries, however, and different results occur elsewhere. In chemical plants, pumps have historically been "throw-away" items as chemical attack limits life. Things have improved in recent years, but the somewhat restricted space available in "old" DIN and ASME-standardized stuffing boxes places limits on the type of seal that fits. Unless the pump user upgrades the seal chamber, the pump only accommodates more compact and simple versions. Without this upgrading, lifetimes in chemical installations are generally around 50 to 60 percent of the refinery values.

Unscheduled maintenance is often one of the most significant costs of ownership, and failures of mechanical seals and bearings are among the major causes. Keep in mind the potential value of selecting pumps that cost more initially, but last much longer between repairs. The MTBF of a better pump may be one to four years longer than that of its non-upgraded counterpart. Consider that published average values of avoided pump failures range from US$2600 to US$12,000. This does not include lost opportunity costs. One pump fire occurs per 1000 failures. Having fewer pump failures means having fewer destructive pump fires.

As has been noted, a typical pump failure, based on actual year 2002 reports, costs US$5,000 on average. This includes costs for material, parts, labor and overhead. Extending a pump"s MTBF from 12 to 18 months would save US$1,667 per year — which might be greater than the cost to upgrade the centrifugal pump"s reliability.

Pumps are used throughout society for a variety of purposes. Early applications includes the use of the windmill or watermill to pump water. Today, the pump is used for irrigation, water supply, gasoline supply, air conditioning systems, refrigeration (usually called a compressor), chemical movement, sewage movement, flood control, marine services, etc.

Because of the wide variety of applications, pumps have a plethora of shapes and sizes: from very large to very small, from handling gas to handling liquid, from high pressure to low pressure, and from high volume to low volume.

Typically, a liquid pump can"t simply draw air. The feed line of the pump and the internal body surrounding the pumping mechanism must first be filled with the liquid that requires pumping: An operator must introduce liquid into the system to initiate the pumping. This is called priming the pump. Loss of prime is usually due to ingestion of air into the pump. The clearances and displacement ratios in pumps for liquids, whether thin or more viscous, usually cannot displace air due to its compressibility. This is the case with most velocity (rotodynamic) pumps — for example, centrifugal pumps. For such pumps, the position of the pump should always be lower than the suction point, if not the pump should be manually filled with liquid or a secondary pump should be used until all air is removed from the suction line and the pump casing.

Positive–displacement pumps, however, tend to have sufficiently tight sealing between the moving parts and the casing or housing of the pump that they can be described as self-priming. Such pumps can also serve as priming pumps, so-called when they are used to fulfill that need for other pumps in lieu of action taken by a human operator.

One sort of pump once common worldwide was a hand-powered water pump, or "pitcher pump". It was commonly installed over community water wells in the days before piped water supplies.

In parts of the British Isles, it was often called the parish pump. Though such community pumps are no longer common, people still used the expression parish pump to describe a place or forum where matters of local interest are discussed.

Because water from pitcher pumps is drawn directly from the soil, it is more prone to contamination. If such water is not filtered and purified, consumption of it might lead to gastrointestinal or other water-borne diseases. A notorious case is the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak. At the time it was not known how cholera was transmitted, but physician John Snow suspected contaminated water and had the handle of the public pump he suspected removed; the outbreak then subsided.

Modern hand-operated community pumps are considered the most sustainable low-cost option for safe water supply in resource-poor settings, often in rural areas in developing countries. A hand pump opens access to deeper groundwater that is often not polluted and also improves the safety of a well by protecting the water source from contaminated buckets. Pumps such as the Afridev pump are designed to be cheap to build and install, and easy to maintain with simple parts. However, scarcity of spare parts for these type of pumps in some regions of Africa has diminished their utility for these areas.

Multiphase pumping applications, also referred to as tri-phase, have grown due to increased oil drilling activity. In addition, the economics of multiphase production is attractive to upstream operations as it leads to simpler, smaller in-field installations, reduced equipment costs and improved production rates. In essence, the multiphase pump can accommodate all fluid stream properties with one piece of equipment, which has a smaller footprint. Often, two smaller multiphase pumps are installed in series rather than having just one massive pump.

A rotodynamic pump with one single shaft that requires two mechanical seals, this pump uses an open-type axial impeller. It is often called a Poseidon pump, and can be described as a cross between an axial compressor and a centrifugal pump.

The twin-screw pump is constructed of two inter-meshing screws that move the pumped fluid. Twin screw pumps are often used when pumping conditions contain high gas volume fractions and fluctuating inlet conditions. Four mechanical seals are required to seal the two shafts.

These pumps are basically multistage centrifugal pumps and are widely used in oil well applications as a method for artificial lift. These pumps are usually specified when the pumped fluid is mainly liquid.

A buffer tank is often installed upstream of the pump suction nozzle in case of a slug flow. The buffer tank breaks the energy of the liquid slug, smooths any fluctuations in the incoming flow and acts as a sand trap.

As the name indicates, multiphase pumps and their mechanical seals can encounter a large variation in service conditions such as changing process fluid composition, temperature variations, high and low operating pressures and exposure to abrasive/erosive media. The challenge is selecting the appropriate mechanical seal arrangement and support system to ensure maximized seal life and its overall effectiveness.

Pumps are commonly rated by horsepower, volumetric flow rate, outlet pressure in metres (or feet) of head, inlet suction in suction feet (or metres) of head.

From an initial design point of view, engineers often use a quantity termed the specific speed to identify the most suitable pump type for a particular combination of flow rate and head.

The power imparted into a fluid increases the energy of the fluid per unit volume. Thus the power relationship is between the conversion of the mechanical energy of the pump mechanism and the fluid elements within the pump. In general, this is governed by a series of simultaneous differential equations, known as the Navier–Stokes equations. However a more simple equation relating only the different energies in the fluid, known as Bernoulli"s equation can be used. Hence the power, P, required by the pump:

where Δp is the change in total pressure between the inlet and outlet (in Pa), and Q, the volume flow-rate of the fluid is given in m3/s. The total pressure may have gravitational, static pressure and kinetic energy components; i.e. energy is distributed between change in the fluid"s gravitational potential energy (going up or down hill), change in velocity, or change in static pressure. η is the pump efficiency, and may be given by the manufacturer"s information, such as in the form of a pump curve, and is typically derived from either fluid dynamics simulation (i.e. solutions to the Navier–Stokes for the particular pump geometry), or by testing. The efficiency of the pump depends upon the pump"s configuration and operating conditions (such as rotational speed, fluid density and viscosity etc.)

For a typical "pumping" configuration, the work is imparted on the fluid, and is thus positive. For the fluid imparting the work on the pump (i.e. a turbine), the work is negative. Power required to drive the pump is determined by dividing the output power by the pump efficiency. Furthermore, this definition encompasses pumps with no moving parts, such as a siphon.

Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power imparted on the fluid by the pump in relation to the power supplied to drive the pump. Its value is not fixed for a given pump, efficiency is a function of the discharge and therefore also operating head. For centrifugal pumps, the efficiency tends to increase with flow rate up to a point midway through the operating range (peak efficiency or Best Efficiency Point (BEP) ) and then declines as flow rates rise further. Pump performance data such as this is usually supplied by the manufacturer before pump selection. Pump efficiencies tend to decline over time due to wear (e.g. increasing clearances as impellers reduce in size).

When a system includes a centrifugal pump, an important design issue is matching the head loss-flow characteristic with the pump so that it operates at or close to the point of its maximum efficiency.

Most large pumps have a minimum flow requirement below which the pump may be damaged by overheating, impeller wear, vibration, seal failure, drive shaft damage or poor performance.

The simplest minimum flow system is a pipe running from the pump discharge line back to the suction line. This line is fitted with an orifice plate sized to allow the pump minimum flow to pass.

A more sophisticated, but more costly, system (see diagram) comprises a flow measuring device (FE) in the pump discharge which provides a signal into a flow controller (FIC) which actuates a flow control valve (FCV) in the recycle line. If the measured flow exceeds the minimum flow then the FCV is closed. If the measured flow falls below the minimum flow the FCV opens to maintain the minimum flowrate.

As the fluids are recycled the kinetic energy of the pump increases the temperature of the fluid. For many pumps this added heat energy is dissipated through the pipework. However, for large industrial pumps, such as oil pipeline pumps, a recycle cooler is provided in the recycle line to cool the fluids to the normal suction temperature.oil refinery, oil terminal, or offshore installation.

Engineering Sciences Data Unit (2007). "Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps. Introduction" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-18.

Tanzania water Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine blog – example of grassroots researcher telling about his study and work with the rope pump in Africa.

C.M. Schumacher, M. Loepfe, R. Fuhrer, R.N. Grass, and W.J. Stark, "3D printed lost-wax casted soft silicone monoblocks enable heart-inspired pumping by internal combustion," RSC Advances, Vol. 4, pp. 16039–16042, 2014.

"Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps" (PDF). Institution of Diploma Marine Engineers, Bangladesh. June 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-18.

Quail F, Scanlon T, Stickland M (2011-01-11). "Design optimisation of a regenerative pump using numerical and experimental techniques" (PDF). International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow. 21: 95–111. doi:10.1108/09615531111095094. Retrieved 2021-07-21.

Rajmane, M. Satish; Kallurkar, S.P. (May 2015). "CFD Analysis of Domestic Centrifugal Pump for Performance Enhancement". International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 02 / #02. Retrieved 30 April 2021.

Wasser, Goodenberger, Jim and Bob (November 1993). "Extended Life, Zero Emissions Seal for Process Pumps". John Crane Technical Report. Routledge. TRP 28017.

Australian Pump Manufacturers" Association. Australian Pump Technical Handbook, 3rd edition. Canberra: Australian Pump Manufacturers" Association, 1987. ISBN 0-7316-7043-4.

Centrifugal pump is a superior industrial pump, which can handle various liquids such as water, oil, and chemicals, including mixtures and solids… Used for all industries: food industry, pharmaceutical, petroleum, daily life, irrigation, fire fighting… many different fields. So do you know what a centrifugal pump is? What components does it include? How does the machine work?

Centrifugal pump is a type of industrial hydraulic vane pump that works by centrifugal force, creating flow through the machine’s impeller. To learn more about the structure and working principle of this type of pump. We continue to follow the content below. We will deal with each of these centrifugal pump problems in turn!

Currently, with the development of technology. Centrifugal pumps have increasingly complex structures to meet many different pumping applications. But basically, centrifugal pump is composed of the following parts: Outside includes:

Impeller: Also known as centrifugal pump impeller, cast iron and steel are made based on precision casting method, so it is very hard. The central moving part in the pump chamber is to push the liquid out of the section. They are usually composed of 3 main types:

Pump shaft: Made of metal steel, directly linked to the motor shaft. Direct drive to the impeller. Pump shaft and impeller + impeller are held together by bolts, bolts…

Outlet guide: Also known as discharge port, usually has a spiral shape in the direction of rotation of the impeller. Their task is to bring liquid out of the pump chamber.

Talking about centrifugal pump impeller is a long story. From the time they were born until now, they have been improved and changed with many different shapes. Initially, they had the following conditions:

The working principle of the centrifugal pump is described in detail as the animation below. They will take place continuously with two processes of attraction and repulsion. First, you notice, the liquid flow is sucked through the Inlet door. Then the impeller will act to make the fluid flow along the spiral pump chamber wall and go out the outlet. But it is important to note that before the machine starts working, the pump body must be primed, and the suction pipe is filled with liquid.

Pump suction process: At the entrance of the impeller, there is a vacuum zone. Because the pressure in the reservoir is greater than the pressure at this inlet, the liquid in the suction tank is continuously pushed into the pump from the suction pipe.

When the centrifugal pump is in operation, the impeller rotates. The liquids inside the impeller are ejected due to the influence of centrifugal force. The conductive membranes move and enter the ejector tube with high pressure. This process is called pump thrust. At the output guide part, the task is to lead the liquid from the impeller to the ejector tube to be regulated, stabilized, and convert amount of the kinetic energy into the necessary pressure. The pumping and suction process of the pump is carried out continuously, creating a continuous flow.

The characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump is understood as a graph of pump operating efficiency. It shows parameters that vary according to different operating conditions such as:

Because we can rely on this characteristic curve to choose the type of pump suitable for the system. Through indicators such as flow, efficiency, pressure head from time to time…

On the other hand, based on this characteristic curve, operation engineers can quickly check, maintain and maintain the pump without relying on the periodic schedule. Because there are times when the pump has unexpected problems…

In practice, we often choose the pump according to the axial position. That is Vertical and horizontal centrifugal pumps. Why? Because they most affect our pipeline diagram or system design drawings.

A vertical shaft centrifugal pump is designed with the motor on the top, good heat dissipation performance. In addition, they limit the risk of leakage or heating of the liquid source through the pump chamber. On the other hand, they solve the problem of location and installation space.

Therefore, it can be said that this is the most chosen machine used in construction projects, domestic pumps for high-rise apartments, irrigation pumps, farming in industrial production because of its ability to push water. Go to the high place.

Some vertical centrifugal pump manufacturers from the EU that you can refer to CAPRARI, SALVATORE ROBUSCHI … have high quality, meet all the strict criteria of many industries in Vietnam. .

Horizontal centrifugal pumps, as their name suggests. This is a line of pumps with a horizontal design, with the same parts as other types of centrifuges.

This centrifugal pump series has the advantage of quiet operation; it has an automatic shutdown mode when it is overheated, ensuring comfort and safety.

A centrifugal pump is an optimal and most popular choice for transporting low-viscosity liquids such as freshwater, seawater, etc. This pump can be used in the system. Does not require a high head but needs to have a uniform and large flow, so it is widely applied in the following fields:

Chemical industries such as chemical, paint, pharmaceutical, food and beverage production, and sugar refining. The article has shared with you information about centrifugal pumps that are very popular on the market. Need to refer to specific models; please see more products below!

How much does a 2D animation cost per minute? If you google and search around, you will find different options, ranging from $100 to $800,000! In this article, we will discuss what you receive with different price ranges and point out your best investment.

Style complexity/ Concept Art: Animation style affects mostly animation production costs. If your script requires more assets or characters, the higher the price per minute is. Also, the style complexity is based on the complexity of movement, and the detail level of drawing lines.

Extra services: They are the “add-in” part in the animation price, including the payment for the voice-over artist, the cost of buying copyright audio, and other advanced features. If you work with an animation studio, the cost of animation effects is under the overall animation package. Some animated video production companies have a connection with voice-over artists. Also, these studios own a resource of copyright audio. Therefore, it would be much cheaper, compared to hiring a separate freelancer to do so.

And the illustration and animation mostly come from cloud-based animation software. The software would only charge you a little for access to a huge library of template animation assets. Everything from character design to background layout and movement has been pre-designed. All you need to do is a brilliant idea, then drag-and-drop to progress your story. However, this option doesn’t work if your script includes jargon or unique assets. For example, if your video is about medical, you can’t expect the software to provide you with some assets like liver, kidney, etc.

REMEMBER: This animation cost per minute is charged for basic animation. If you want more, like special effects or music, then you would have to pay more.

The biggest drawback of $100 animation is that it limits your options. Let’s say you are producing videos for a healthcare training course. If your animation is about two nurses discussing some disease symptoms, it should be okay. However, if you want to show your students what the symptoms look like and how the nurse actually treats them, then you would have to consider a more expensive option. These custom details require the animators to spend a lot of time and effort in research, illustration, and animation.

If you want to upgrade and produce original animation content without overspending your budget, it is better to contact small studios. A small studio would charge you from $800 to $1,000 per one minute of 2D animation for the full-packaged service. However, just keep in mind that the more complex the animation style is, the pricier it gets. For instance, if you want an animation video with multiple characters who do complex actions, the price is higher than a whiteboard video with simple drawing lines. Nevertheless, it is still 30 times more affordable than animation costs per minute from professional studios. You get what you pay for, though, but it doesn’t mean that lower prices result in worse quality.

You would have unique animations that follow your branding guideline closely because animation studios don’t use cloud-based software. The studio has a team to design a concept art ONLY for your project. Everything from the color scheme to the character design is customized per your request. If you are a teacher who just wants to create fun animated teaching materials, then branding is not likely to be of concern to you. However, if you are working for a training company or educational institute, then you would want something that not only engages your audience but also portrays the company’s culture competently.

Individual freelancers mostly specialize in only one aspect of animation. So if you hire a freelance, you have to hire others to complete the process and follow all of them at the same time.Meanwhile, an animation studio offers a professional team including a scriptwriter, a storyboard artist, an illustrator, and an animator. That means you work with a studio, you just need to communicate with one person – a production manager. He/she is supposed to be a producer that is in charge of the whole team. This makes the work process much smoother and saves you time and money. To sum this up, such studios could offer you high-quality animation just like any other professional studio.

Here is an example of work from a small studio, F.learning Studio. We create customized characters, backgrounds, and other assets. Moreover, from scriptwriting to the animation step, everything is done in-house without the help of third parties.

$8,000 for animation is such a leap in price. However, if you are considering working with a professional studio, especially those based in US-UK or AU, keep in mind that this should be the minimum amount. One minute of 2D animated video could cost from $8,000 to $50,000. 3D animation is much pricier, as it could cost from $10,000 to $200,000 per minute. The price range difference is based on the number of characters and advanced features. Most studios don’t put up their animation production cost on their websites. Since everything is tailored, so is the price. After contacting the studio and telling them your budget, ideas, and style reference, then they would provide you with exactly how much your animation cost per minute.

It’s because of the location. These studios are from countries with a lower cost of living. The average income of a developing country is likely to be much lower than a developed one. For example, the annual average income of people living in the United State is $56,810, which is about 30 times higher than that of Vietnam or India. That’s why studios in developing countries could offer more affordable animation costs per minute with the same quality. For example, whiteboard animation cost is generally from $3,000 to $40,000 per minute. The prices include storyboards, voice-over, illustration, and animation. If your budget is from $800 to $1,000, then you have to go for whiteboard animation software which wastes you tons of time. However, with location advantage, some animation studios can provide you with affordable but high-quality animation. In fact, lots of professional studios in the US-UK outsource animation services also to developing countries. They would benefit by cutting the operational costs while getting the same work done at a lower price. On the other hand, the studios in developing countries get more projects and more profits.

Now you have understood the reasons behind the gap in animation cost per minute in different approaches by now. If branding and styling are not your concern, I recommend hiring a trustworthy freelancer who could deliver the work quickly and nicely or You could even do it yourself. There are various tools to support you – the newcomer in the animation industry! However, if you want to create animations on a tight budget, consider contacting a small studio. They are a perfect choice for a long educational animated series. If you have a larger budget or a high – Cartoon Network standard of animation, you should contact a larger studio. Whatever your choice is, you should start by sending them a quick brief of your eLearning project. Then they would be able to consult you on the best types of animations for your course and have a proper pricing plan.

How much does a 2D animation cost per minute? If you google and search around, you will find different options, ranging from $100 to $800,000! In this article, we will discuss what you receive with different price ranges and point out your best investment.

Style complexity/ Concept Art: Animation style affects mostly animation production costs. If your script requires more assets or characters, the higher the price per minute is. Also, the style complexity is based on the complexity of movement, and the detail level of drawing lines.

Extra services: They are the “add-in” part in the animation price, including the payment for the voice-over artist, the cost of buying copyright audio, and other advanced features. If you work with an animation studio, the cost of animation effects is under the overall animation package. Some animated video production companies have a connection with voice-over artists. Also, these studios own a resource of copyright audio. Therefore, it would be much cheaper, compared to hiring a separate freelancer to do so.

And the illustration and animation mostly come from cloud-based animation software. The software would only charge you a little for access to a huge library of template animation assets. Everything from character design to background layout and movement has been pre-designed. All you need to do is a brilliant idea, then drag-and-drop to progress your story. However, this option doesn’t work if your script includes jargon or unique assets. For example, if your video is about medical, you can’t expect the software to provide you with some assets like liver, kidney, etc.

REMEMBER: This animation cost per minute is charged for basic animation. If you want more, like special effects or music, then you would have to pay more.

The biggest drawback of $100 animation is that it limits your options. Let’s say you are producing videos for a healthcare training course. If your animation is about two nurses discussing some disease symptoms, it should be okay. However, if you want to show your students what the symptoms look like and how the nurse actually treats them, then you would have to consider a more expensive option. These custom details require the animators to spend a lot of time and effort in research, illustration, and animation.

If you want to upgrade and produce original animation content without overspending your budget, it is better to contact small studios. A small studio would charge you from $800 to $1,000 per one minute of 2D animation for the full-packaged service. However, just keep in mind that the more complex the animation style is, the pricier it gets. For instance, if you want an animation video with multiple characters who do complex actions, the price is higher than a whiteboard video with simple drawing lines. Nevertheless, it is still 30 times more affordable than animation costs per minute from professional studios. You get what you pay for, though, but it doesn’t mean that lower prices result in worse quality.

You would have unique animations that follow your branding guideline closely because animation studios don’t use cloud-based software. The studio has a team to design a concept art ONLY for your project. Everything from the color scheme to the character design is customized per your request. If you are a teacher who just wants to create fun animated teaching materials, then branding is not likely to be of concern to you. However, if you are working for a training company or educational institute, then you would want something that not only engages your audience but also portrays the company’s culture competently.

Individual freelancers mostly specialize in only one aspect of animation. So if you hire a freelance, you have to hire others to complete the process and follow all of them at the same time.Meanwhile, an animation studio offers a professional team including a scriptwriter, a storyboard artist, an illustrator, and an animator. That means you work with a studio, you just need to communicate with one person – a production manager. He/she is supposed to be a producer that is in charge of the whole team. This makes the work process much smoother and saves you time and money. To sum this up, such studios could offer you high-quality animation just like any other professional studio.

Here is an example of work from a small studio, F.learning Studio. We create customized characters, backgrounds, and other assets. Moreover, from scriptwriting to the animation step, everything is done in-house without the help of third parties.

$8,000 for animation is such a leap in price. However, if you are considering working with a professional studio, especially those based in US-UK or AU, keep in mind that this should be the minimum amount. One minute of 2D animated video could cost from $8,000 to $50,000. 3D animation is much pricier, as it could cost from $10,000 to $200,000 per minute. The price range difference is based on the number of characters and advanced features. Most studios don’t put up their animation production cost on their websites. Since everything is tailored, so is the price. After contacting the studio and telling them your budget, ideas, and style reference, then they would provide you with exactly how much your animation cost per minute.

It’s because of the location. These studios are from countries with a lower cost of living. The average income of a developing country is likely to be much lower than a developed one. For example, the annual average income of people living in the United State is $56,810, which is about 30 times higher than that of Vietnam or India. That’s why studios in developing countries could offer more affordable animation costs per minute with the same quality. For example, whiteboard animation cost is generally from $3,000 to $40,000 per minute. The prices include storyboards, voice-over, illustration, and animation. If your budget is from $800 to $1,000, then you have to go for whiteboard animation software which wastes you tons of time. However, with location advantage, some animation studios can provide you with affordable but high-quality animation. In fact, lots of professional studios in the US-UK outsource animation services also to developing countries. They would benefit by cutting the operational costs while getting the same work done at a lower price. On the other hand, the studios in developing countries get more projects and more profits.

Now you have understood the reasons behind the gap in animation cost per minute in different approaches by now. If branding and styling are not your concern, I recommend hiring a trustworthy freelancer who could deliver the work quickly and nicely or You could even do it yourself. There are various tools to support you – the newcomer in the animation industry! However, if you want to create animations on a tight budget, consider contacting a small studio. They are a perfect choice for a long educational animated series. If you have a larger budget or a high – Cartoon Network standard of animation, you should contact a larger studio. Whatever your choice is, you should start by sending them a quick brief of your eLearning project. Then they would be able to consult you on the best types of animations for your course and have a proper pricing plan.

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