overshot dog made in china

“I’d had Dogue de Bordeauxs for many years. I love the breed, but their sheer size sometimes caused problems with their care” she said. “They can be clumsy, knocking into people without meaning to, which on occasions caused a problem for my daughter, who has Downs Syndrome. Plus, as with most giant breeds they have rather short life spans – and each time one died, there was so much heartbreak.”

“They are very cat-like: they’re sure-footed, keep themselves immaculately clean, and can move their ears separately. Absolutely unique,” Alison says. “Their lifespan is exceptionally long, too: there are records of some dogs living to be 20 years old.”

Alison, who decided to import her first Chuandong Hounds from China in 2016 – the first of the breed to come to the UK – says that the process was nothing short of a nightmare. After choosing the pups, and after months and months of paperwork, her dogs finally arrived in 2017.

Alison, who has a background in obedience training, says that they are “as clever as a collie, if not a bit more”. They have plenty of energy, but are far from impossible to tire out: they love to play and interact with people. Medium-sized, they are less likely to knock over people by accident than larger dogs.

“Of course, the move from rural China to the UK was a bit of a culture shock for them! My male, Dynasty, took it in all in his stride. But the females remain a bit more aloof with strangers – they make very good house dogs and will alert you if anyone is around,  they are brilliant family dogs. My daughter has been doing some handling with them, and it’s been working out wonderfully. They adore children.”

Despite dating back some 2,000 years – sculptures of similar dogs were found in ancient tombs which dated back to the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), suggesting they were held in high esteem – this breed remained entirely unknown in the West until the Eighties.

For the longest time, there wasn’t even a single breed name: communities in the Chongqing region, in the mountain area of southwest China, each had their own name for these dogs. Chuandong dog, East Sichuan Hunting dog, Bamboo Ratter, Mountain dog, Hechuan dog, Pak Tin Par dog, and Linshui dog were some of the names used to describe these hunting dogs.

It wasn’t until the year 2000 that the name ‘Chongqing dog’ was introduced for the breed, as many of their owners moved from the mountains to Chongqing City, taking their dogs with them. However, the move to the city caused a change in the breed, which had remained essentially unchanged since at least the time of the Han Dynasty.

“As people moved to the city with their dogs, they were crossed with other breeds. The dogs living in Chongqing City began developing different traits from the original breed, such as a shorter muzzle and a stockier build; within a few generations they were very different to the ancient hunting hound.”

In August 2018 the decision was made to split the breed, which had been recognised by the CKU (China Kennel Union) just one year earlier. Mr Franki Leung, head of the CKU Native Breed Conservation Club and members of the breed club, divided it to create two established breeds: the city type, retained the name of ‘Chongqing Dog’, and the traditional hound Alison owns, was named ‘Chuandong Hound’.

Breed standards for both were produced only recently, in January 2019; in July 2018, the CKU had opened up registrations to owners abroad. Alison says that, as far as she is aware, she is currently the only person outside China currently focusing on the Chuandong Hound. There are about 100 such dogs registered in China, plus her own first generation and second generation dogs here in the UK.

“The process of registering them with the CKU was almost as complicated as that of getting the dogs into the UK,” she laughs. “They needed pictures of the dogs, and blood samples to build a database for the breed. They are very careful about these things, and for good reason. There aren’t many of these dogs in China: the breed has been on the brink of extinction before and is still rarer than the giant Panda.

“I am just as careful breeding them, health testing my adults to make sure the puppies are inherently healthy,” she says. “So far, all dogs are well. A couple of pups developed cherry eye and they have a slightly undershot bite, which I will be working on in the coming generations, as I bring in more dogs to enlarge the gene pool – even if I dread the whole process of importing!”

Alison is now aiming to see this ancient and rare breed recognised by our UK Kennel Club. A ’New breed’ application was received on 22nd February 2019. If successful, she will be able to take her dogs to the next ‘Discover Dogs’ London, followed by Crufts 2020 to introduce this still unknown breed to UK dog enthusiast.

“Chuandong Hounds are very affectionate dogs. I have found homes for ten of the puppies I bred so far, and one of the owners told me he’s the son he never had. They’re impossible not to love – and very much part of the family.”

The Chongqing Dog is a medium sized dog with a deep red/mahogany (orange) color and a black muzzle. It has a thin, short, harsh coat that is about 3cm in length. The muscular body has a square build with great strength. Its ears are erect. The jaw should be set square. The teeth should meet in a scissor bite or be slightly undershot. Undershot bites more than 5 mm are undesirable. The teeth should not be visible when the mouth is closed in a natural position. The tongue can be blue, dark blue or with spots (blue points). The muzzle should be as broad and powerful as possible. The dark mask is confined to the muzzle and must be in sharp contrast to the colour of the head. The skull is flat between ears and square on top. There are natural wrinkles on top of the head. The stop is well defined. The forehead forms a distinct stop at the bridge of nose. Slightly loose with fine wrinkles without excess on the skull. The muzzle is strong, square and noticeably shorter than the skull. Broad from root to tip of the nose, not snipy, with moderately obvious folds. The line of the muzzle forms a very obtuse angle upwards. The cheeks are prominent, due to the strong development of the muscle. The length of the skull and the length of the muzzle are approximately 2: 1. The height to the elbow is about half the height at the withers. The female can be slightly longer than the males. Males should be muscular and well defined, whereas females tend to be more streamlined with an air of femininity.

I debated on where to go next, but at the end of the day the most widely used fishing tool has to be an overshot. Some will say why not a spear? Well if you must ask, always go with the strongest fishing tool you can run to catch the fish. And if you run a spear, never plug the I.D. of your fish by breaking it off. Done with that!

The info that follows has been taken from the manuals published on overshots. I realize that paper manuals are a thing of the past, yes, yes at one time fishing tool hands carried massive catalog brief cases full of reference material. Now you have the luxury of your laptop loaded with information. If you have never sat down and read an overshot manual, now might be a good time.

The overshot is highly versatile and efficient tool. There are several different types of overshots, however each overshot is designed to engage a specific size of tubing, pipe, coupling, tool joint, drill collar or smooth OD tool.

The original overshot was developed by Bowen Oil Tools, which is now part of NOV. One thing I will point out is that in the catalogs you will see more than one assembly number for a given OD of Overshot, this came about due to the two locations developing their own variations. I found this information on NOV’s website and thought it was interesting to share.

Bowen™ became a leader in innovation with the creation of the first overshot, the Series 150, in 1935. This tool set the standard for fishing equipment, and the quick acceptance of the tool assured the company partners that their business would be successful. The company continued to create new products, building a reputation for their well tool design and construction.

Currently there are several manufacturers of overshots, NOV (Bowen), Rubicon (Logan) and Applied Oil Tools (Gotco). These overshots are designated by a series number as follows:Series 10 - Sucker Rod Overshot

Overshots may be identified by one of the following, known as “type”:Full Strength (FS) - engineered to withstand all pulling, jarring and torsional strain

The basic overshot (from top down) consists of a top sub, a bowl, grapple, control, and a guide. In addition to the basic components, some overshots (Series 10 and 150) can be dressed with either a:Spiral grapple used if the fish diameter is near the maximum catch of the overshot, or a

The Series 150 Overshot features the ability to packoff on the fish. When the circulating packoff is not used, the fluid circulates down the drillpipe, aroundthe top outside of the fish, through the slip or grapple assembly, around the guide shoe and up the annulus.

When the circulating packoff is used, the annular space between the top outside of the fish and the inside of the lower part of the overshot is packed off, diverting the fluid flow down into the fish, making it easier to release and recover the fish. Packoffs usually are not high pressure devices but will often withstand sufficient pressure to establish circulation through the fish. Third party high pressure packoffs are available from various sources.

The extension can be installed between the top sub and the bowl of the Series 10, 70, and 150 overshots. It is used to extend the overshot bowl to:Allow the grapple to catch farther down on a fish that may be necked down at the top by having been pulled in two, or latched by an overshot and released several times, or to

A stop ring must be used where a fish OD reduces immediately below the catch area to allow the grapple to bite on full-size pipe.Example - catching a Hydril upset or EUE collar. If the upset of collar should pass completely through the grapple, the overshot may not be releasable.

The Series 10 Sucker Rod Overshot is designed to engage and recover sucker rods, couplings, and similar items from inside tubing strings.Basket grapples are recommended for fishing for hardened and ground boxes (Sucker Rod Box).

The Series 20 Sucker Rod Overshot is a short catch tool which provides a means for engaging the exposed portion of a fish too short to be engaged with a Series 10 overshot.Uses basket grapples only

The Series 70 Short Catch Overshot is designed to engage the exposed portion of a fish too short to engage with Series 150 overshots.Uses basket grapple only

The Series 150 Releasing and Circulating Overshot is used to engage, packoff, and retrieve twisted-off lost tubing, drillpipecoupling, tool joint, casing or other similar fish.

A right hand wicker grapple converts a normal right release overshot to left hand release. This grapple is used where you expect to apply excessive right hand torque to release a packer, safety joint, etc. Note: Overshot will have to be released by left hand rotation.

High Pressure Packoff Assemblies:The High Pressure Packoff Assembly is an accessory to the Series 150 Overshots. It is used when high pressure circulation to the fish is required. It consists of a packoff sub with packing and packing rings and is installed between the top sub and bowl of the overshot. By running the packoff sub above the bowl, this design prevents the application of high internal pressures to the overshot bowl. The design of the High Pressure Packoff Assembly allows pressures two to three times the standard overshot packoff to be applied to the fish.

This information comes directly from the NOV manual for the Wide Catch Overshot. This is probably the first and only change to this common tool I know of in my career.

The Wide Catch Overshot provides the strongest tool available to externally engage, pack-off, and pull a fish that has been significantly worn. This tool has similar rugged design features and construction as the industry standard, Bowen Series 150 overshot, with the ability to interchange the Bottom Guide with the full range of existing components used with the standard Bowen Series 150 overshot.

In service, the Wide Catch Overshot (WCOS) takes a positive grip over a large area of fish and is capable of withstanding heavy pulling, torsion, and jarring strains without damage to the tools or the fish.

The WCOS has been designed to significantly increase the catch range of the OD of the fish to be caught, compared to the standard overshot. This enables a greater opportunity for a successful fishing operation in a reduced number of trips, thus reducing overall intervention costs for the operator. In addition to the large catch range, the WCOS has the ability to seal across very large extrusion gaps at both standard and high pressure and provide full circulation through the fish, should it be required.

Connections between the Top Sub/Bowl and Extension Sub have been designed to create a seal. This will prevent the connection from washing out should the overshot be required to be flowed through for a long period of time. In order to lock the Top Sub/Extension Sub to the Bowl from backing off during operation, set screws have become standard and will gall the threads should the connection break free.

The operation of all overshots is identical. The exception being that the Series 150 carries a packoff which provides circulation through the fish. First, determine that the overshot is properly assembled and dressed with the proper size grapple. Make up the overshot on the fishing string (normally it is run connected to the bottom of the bumper sub) and run it into the well. As the top of the fish is reached make sure circulation has been established to clear overshot ID of any plugging. Lower the overshot onto the top of the fish with no rotation at first. A 5,000 pound set down weight will be sufficient to engage the grapple. While lowering the overshot over the top of the fish watch for pressure build up, shut off pumps if any pressure build up is noticed. Should any back pressure be noticed, release the back pressure to allow the grapple to engage the fish. By elevating the string it can be determined, if the grapple went over and engaged the fish. If unable to work overshot over top of fish without rotation, then slowly rotate the fishing string to the right and gradually lower the overshot over the fish. Combined rotation and lowering over top of the fish are important to keep the grapple in the release position. This provides the maximum clearance between the grapple and fish. While lowering the overshot over the top of the fish, watch for torque build up and an increase in pump pressure. A pump pressure build up indicates the overshot has gone over the top of the fish thereby reducing the flow area. Stop rotation (continued rotation could dull the wickers of the grapple) enabling the grapple to set. Allow the right hand torque to slack out of the string and then pull on the string by elevating the string to set the grapple.

To release from the fish, bump down, then simultaneously rotate to the right and slowly elevate the fishing string. It is best to have a clean fishing top before running the overshot.

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The mouth (usually called the dog"s bite) is the terminology used to ascertain how the teeth in the upper and lower jaws meet when the mouth is closed. This depends on two factors - the length of the actual jaws relative to one another, and the position of the teeth themselves. Dog Show Judges usually assess the bite by just looking at the front of the mouth which may or may not consist of straight teeth. So it is also important to also look down the sides of the mouth to ascertain the complete bite.

If a dog has a level bite when it is young, the teeth will probably wear down to the gum as the dog ages, effectively having only stumps of teeth left as an old dog. This can cause problems. The reason why a normal scissor bite is preferable to a level bite is shown by the accompanying picture. Here is a 12-year-old Airedale who had a perfect scissor bite when she was young. But the teeth have now worn down to a useful level bite. But she still has a significant set of teeth remaining, despite her age.

Some Breed Standards like the Airedale Terrier call for a vice-like bite or a mouths closing like a vice. This refers to the mechanism of the jaws and the way they grip rather than whether the teeth are in a level or scissors arrangement. This is the opposite of the soft mouth required by a Gundog which is required to retrieve.

In an undershot mouth, the lower jaw is perceptibly longer than the upper jaw. Where the upper jaw is also turned upwards so the chin is visible, the jaw has more gripping power as in the case of the Bulldog, Boxer and Dogue de Bordeaux. An undershot mouth is also typical of brachycephalic toy breeds like the Pug, Pekingese and King Charles Spaniel.

Overshot is the opposite of undershot. Here the top jaw is physically longer than the lower jaw. This can affect the mouth"s function as an overshot mouth usually indicates a weakness in the lower jaw.

In the accompanying photo illustrates a weak lower jaw with a reduced number of incisors. There are only 4 incisors in the lower jaw instead of the 6. I have also seen a dog with only 3 incisors in the lower jaw. 5 incisors instead of 6 is also common. This weakness was evident in this particular dog"s baby teeth.

A wry mouth is also a bad bite problem. When the right hand side of the mouth is longer than the left, or vice versa, it causes the jaws to be completely out of alignment with one other. Sometimes the mouth cannot close properly. This is the worst possible constructional mouth fault as it can cause the dog not only discomfort, but also eating difficulties.

Teething occurs during a very fast stage of the puppy"s overall development. As the puppy"s head grows, the skull including the upper jaw sometimes develops quicker than the lower jaw. This can give the impression that the baby puppy is overshot, which as an adult it is not.

Malocclusion is the term used when the teeth themselves are crooked and hence not in their correct position. Usually this is purely a tooth alignment fault rather than an overshot or undershot jaw fault which is dependent on the length of the jaws relative to one another.

A suffix title conferred on dogs that have qualified the required number of times in Senior tests at hunting tests for pointing breeds, retrievers, and spaniels.

A prefix title conferred on dogs that have earned the Grand Nite Champion and have won the required number of first placements in AKC Coonhound night hunts.

All footprints falling on a single line of travel. When a dog breaks into a trot, his body is supported by only two legs at a time, which move as alternating diagonal pairs. To achieve balance, his legs angle inward toward a center line beneath his body, and the greater the speed, the closer they come to tracking on a single line.

An event or class, restricted to purebred dogs, that is not normally offered at an AKC all-breed or specialty event. Special permission may be granted to open the event to breeds not recognized by the AKC or to a well-known dog with a celebrity. Examples of Special attractions are:

Person who is responsible for the smooth running of a specific ring; for example, assembling the classes, distributing armbands, etc., thereby enabling the judge to concentrate on judging the dogs.

Monthly publication of the AKC. A listing of dogs that have sired or produced a litter that has been registered with the AKC. With this information, a person can use Stud Book volumes to trace a dog’s lineage and to produce pedigrees.

Class where a stud dog is shown and judged with at least two of his offspring. Judging is based on the quality of the get, not the sire. (Club may permit more offspring to be shown. The upper limit must be stated in the Premium List.)

A completed form (used primarily by handlers) that authorizes the AKC to accept the signature of someone other than the actual owner of the stud dog named. This form can be used only on litter applications for litters sired by that dog. The form is valid for one year; a new form must be filed to extend authorization.

The form that must be completed by the current owner and the new owner when a registered or registerable dog changes hands more than once before being transferred or registered. This form is attached to the original registration certificate or application. Also called the gray form.

A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat manoeuvring (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.

Dogfighting first occurred during the Mexican Revolution in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. It was a component in every major war, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as beyond-visual-range missiles have made dogfighting largely obsolete.

The term dogfight has been used for centuries to describe a melee: a fierce, fast-paced close quarters battle between two or more opponents. The term gained popularity during World War II, although its origin in air combat can be traced to the latter years of World War I.Baron von Richthofen in The Graphic in May 1918: "The Baron joined the mêlée, which, scattering into groups, developed into what our men call a dog fight".Frederic Cutlack, where the word was used in the modern sense: "A patrol of seven Australian machines on Saturday met abot twenty of this circus [von Richthofen"s] at 12,000 feet. Ten of the enemy dived to attack our men. A regular dog-fight ensued for half a minute."

An Incident on the Western Front, view of a dogfight involving five aircraft. In the upper foreground a biplane of the Royal Flying Corps flies towards a stricken German biplane, which is falling towards the ground leaving a trail of smoke in its wake (Imperial War Museum).

Dogfighting became widespread in World War I. Aircraft were initially used as mobile observation vehicles, and early pilots gave little thought to aerial combat. The new aeroplane proved their worth by spotting the hidden German advance on Paris in the second month of the war.

Enemy pilots at first simply exchanged waves, or shook their fists at each other. Due to weight restrictions, only small weapons could be carried on board. Intrepid pilots decided to interfere with enemy reconnaissance by improvised means, including throwing bricks, grenades and sometimes rope, which they hoped would entangle the enemy plane"s propeller. Pilots quickly began firing hand-held guns at enemy planes, such as pistols and carbines. The first aerial dogfight of the war occurred during the Battle of Cer (August 15–24, 1914), when Serbian aviator Miodrag Tomić encountered an Austro-Hungarian plane while performing a reconnaissance mission over Austro-Hungarian positions. The Austro-Hungarian pilot initially waved, and Tomić reciprocated. The Austro-Hungarian pilot then fired at Tomić with his revolver. Tomić managed to escape, and within several weeks, all Serbian and Austro-Hungarian planes were fitted with machine-guns.Pyotr Nesterov, from Russia, became the first pilot to ram his plane into an enemy spotter aircraft. In October 1914, an airplane was shot down by a handgun from another plane for the first time over Reims, France. Once machine guns were mounted to the airplane, either on a flexible mounting or higher on the wings of early biplanes, the era of air combat began.

British Brigadier General Hugh Trenchard ordered that all reconnaissance aircraft had to be supported by at least three fighters, creating the first use of tactical formations in the air. The Germans responded by forming Jastas, large squadrons of fighters solely dedicated to destroying enemy aircraft, under the supervision of Boelcke. Pilots who shot down five or more fighters became known as aces. One of the most famous dogfights, resulting in the death of Major Hawker, is described by the Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen,

By the end of the war, the underpowered machines from just ten years prior had been transformed into fairly powerful, swift, and heavily armed fighter planes, and the basic tactics for dogfighting had been laid down.

Airplane technology rapidly increased in sophistication after World War I. By 1936, dogfighting was thought to be a thing of the past, since aircraft were reaching top speeds of over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h).Spanish Civil War proved this theory was wrong.

The other stream of thought, which emerged primarilyBritain, Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States was the belief the high speeds of modern combat aircraft and the g-forces imposed by aerial combat meant that dogfighting in the classic WWI sense would be impossible. Fighters such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109, the Supermarine Spitfire, the Yakovlev Yak-1, and the Curtiss P-40 were all designed for high speeds and a good rate of climb. Good maneuverability was not a primary objective.

Immediately following the Spanish Civil War came World War II, during which dogfighting was most prevalent. It was widely believed that strategic bombing alone was synonymous with air power; a fallacy that would not be fully understood until Vietnam.Spain, a greater emphasis was placed on the accuracy of air-to-ground attacks. The need to stop bombers from reaching their targets, or to protect them on their missions, was the primary purpose for most dogfights of the era.

Dogfighting was very prominent in the European theatre. While the French Air Force was a major force during World War I, it was inadequate and poorly organized, and quickly fell to the German onslaught. As the first battles between the Germans and the British began, the power of the German"s anti-aircraft artillery became readily apparent, with 88 millimeter shells capable of firing 40,000 feet (12,000 m) in the air. General Wolfram von Richthofen noted that these guns were equally destructive when used for ground fire. Adolph Malan compiled a list of aerial combat rules that were widely taught to RAF pilots. The Bf 109 and the Spitfire were some of the most common fighters used in the European theater.

During this time, three new Russian fighters, the LaGG-1, the Yak-1, and the MiG-3 were just coming off of the production line. The Soviet Air Defense Force had been fraught with problems since World War I.Barbarossa offensive on June 22, 1941, destroyed more than 2000 Soviet aircraft on the first day, and more than 5000 before October. With great desperation, the Soviets fought in dogfights over Leningrad, Moscow, and Ukraine for more than a year.

The Second Sino-Japanese War began on June 7, 1937, between China and Japan. The Japanese used the Mitsubishi A5M; the predecessor of the famous "Zero", which was a very lightweight and maneuverable fighter. The Chinese mainly used Russian biplanes similar to those from WWI, such as the Polikarpov I-15 and early monoplanes such as I-16. Despite being much lower in power and speed than the Japanese planes, the Chinese planes were much more maneuverable, and many dogfights ensued, resulting in high losses reported on both sides. Reports of dogfights that made it to the U.S. military provided valuable insight into the Japanese tactics and their plane"s flight characteristics.

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war. The Japanese used, among other aircraft, the Mitsubishi A6M Zero, an extremely lightweight fighter known for its exceptional range and maneuverability.Akutan Zero, a Mitsubishi A6M2 which was captured intact in 1942, advising – along the same lines that General Claire Chennault, commander of the Kunming-based Flying Tigers had already advised his pilots over a year before – "Never attempt to dogfight a Zero."wing loading characteristics, a small turn radius, a top speed over 330 mph (530 km/h), and could climb better than any fighter used by the U.S. at that time, although it was poorly armored compared to U.S. aircraft.

Technology advanced extremely fast during World War II in ways that would change dogfighting forever. Jet propulsion had been demonstrated long before the war, by German engineer Hans von Ohain in 1934, and by British engineer Frank Whittle in 1937. The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the first jet fighter to be used in battle, with a speed over 500 mph (800 km/h), and began taking a toll on Allied bombing missions in 1944. The British were testing a jet that same year, the Gloster Meteor, which would later see action in the Korean War. Although U.S. General Hap Arnold test flew the XP-59A in 1942, the plane was never used in combat. Other prime inventions of the era include radar and air-to-air missiles.

By this time, dogfighting techniques had fallen out of favor in U.S. training doctrines, as missiles were considered to be all that was necessary to shoot down the big bombers expected to be deployed by the Soviet Union. As a result, air combat methods known by fighter pilots since World War I became all but lost as veterans from WWII and Korea retired and didn"t pass them on to succeeding generations. American fighter pilots would meet in the skies in secret to engage in mock combatTOPGUN was established for the Navy in 1969 and Red Flag was started for the Air Force in 1975 that pilots were formally trained in dogfighting again.

Both U.S. and Soviet-built jet "fighters" were primarily designed as interceptors: intercepting bomber groups, and then shooting them down with air-to-air missiles. Neither party had a separate designation for interceptor, though: just F – for fighter; A – for attack; and B – for bomber. (For the NATO aircraft) With possibly a few exceptions, such as the F-8 Crusader and the F-100 Super Sabre, which each mounted four 20 mm cannons, jets were not designed for dog fighting other jet aircraft.Ground Control Intercept (GCI) operators. As a consequence, U.S. RF-101 Voodoo aircraft conducting reconnaissance missions, or F-102 Delta Daggers, F-104 Starfighters performing MiGCAP duties, and the strike aircraft themselves, such as F-105 Thunderchiefs, A-4 Skyhawks, A-6 Intruders, F-4 Phantoms and B-52"s flying over North Vietnam were met by MiG-17s (or Chicom J-5s), MiG-19s (Chicom J-6s), and MiG-21s being vectored directly to them by GCI operators who worked in conjunction with surface-to-air missile (SAM) crews. U.S. aircraft which successfully made it through the NVAF MiGs were then confronted with the SAMs and AAA batteries.

The Arab–Israeli conflicts were a series of wars between the country of Israel and its surrounding Arab neighbors. Those that involved dogfighting occurred between 1948 and 1985. The wars escalated on May 14, 1948, the day Israel declared its sovereignty from Britain. The War of Independence was followed by the Suez-Sinai War in 1956, the Six-Day War in 1967, the War of Attrition, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the First Lebanon War in 1982.

The wars began with both sides using propeller planes, such as Spitfires, Avia S-199s, and P-51s, then progressed to older jets like MiG-15s, Dassault Mysteres and Dassault Mirages. In the latter wars dogfighting ensued between modern aircraft, like F-15s and F-16s against MiG-21s and MiG-25s. Although usually outnumbered, the Israelis managed to defeat the air forces of Egypt, Jordan and Syria in dogfights, often achieving kill ratios ranging from 10:1 to over 20:1, which is usually attributed to better training of the Israeli pilots and a technological advantage.

The Falklands War began on April 2, 1982, when Argentina invaded the Falkland islands, and then the island of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which were small disputed dependencies. Because Britain had no military bases nearby and few aircraft carriers, the Argentinians did not expect a response from Britain. On April 5, the British sent carriers to the Falklands with Sea Harrier "Jump-jets" on board. The Harrier was originally designed as a ground-attack plane, and was not equipped for dogfighting, so the aircraft had to undergo many modifications and the pilots given extra training.

The Argentinians had superior numbers, but their forces mainly consisted of older jets from the 1960s, such as Dassault Mirage IIIs and Israeli Daggers. The Argentinians were also handicapped by the long distance from mainland airfields and a lack of refuelling tankers. Neither side was ready for war, but both prepared all through April as diplomacy failed. The fighting started on May 1, and was to become the largest naval and air conflict since World War II. By the end of the war, Argentina lost 20 fighters in dogfights, while Britain lost two Sea Harrier to ground fire. The Americans supplied late model Sidewinder missiles to the British; this and the analysis of French Mirage combat tactics made the difference.David Morgan was the last British pilot to have fought a dogfight when he downed two Argentinian jets on June 8, 1982.

In the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988, many dogfights occurred between the Iranian Air Force (IRIAF) and Iraqi Air Force. During the early years of the war, the IRIAF enjoyed air superiority (see for example Operation Sultan 10 and Operation Morvarid); however, by the end of the war, the Iranian Air Force had lost its superiority due to their increasingly outdated equipment and the lack of spare parts for their US-made aircraft. Iraq, meanwhile, continued to introduce new French and Soviet weapons into its air force.

The Iran–Iraq War also saw the worlds only confirmed helicopter dogfights, with Iranian Army Aviation"s AH-1J Internationals (usually the TOW-capable ones) entering combat mostly against Iraqi Army Air Corps" Mil Mi-24 Hind gunships and HOT-armed Aérospatiale Gazelles. The Hinds proved faster and more robust, while the AH-1Js were more agile. The results of the skirmishes are disputed. There were also engagements between Iranian AH-1Js and Iraqi fixed-wing aircraft: using their 20 mm cannon, the AH-1Js scored three confirmed kills against MiG-21s, claimed an Su-20, and shared in the destruction of a MiG-23.

In the Gulf War of 1990–91, dogfighting once again proved its usefulness when the Coalition Air Force had to face off against the Iraqi Air Force, which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term "furball" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace.F-15 Eagles.

During the Balkans conflict, in 1999 (the Kosovo War), five MiG-29s of the Yugoslav Air Force were shot down in dogfights with NATO aircraft. The first was on March 24, by a Dutch F-16AM Falcon, and two were downed on the same night by U.S. F-15s. A day later, two more MiG-29s were shot down by an F-16 and F-15.

The war became the first to see 4th-generation jet fighters battle with each other. Most of the losses to Eritrean MiG-29s were caused by dogfights with Ethiopian Su-27s.

A dogfight between Indian and Pakistani jets took place on 27 February 2019, when Pakistani Dassault Mirage Vs, Dassault Mirage IIIs and JF-17 Thunders performed airstrikes near Indian military installations at Indian Administered Kashmir in retaliation to the Balakot Airstrike, which was carried out by the IAF on 26 February 2019.

In the ensuing dogfight, an Indian MiG-21 Bison and an Su-30MKI were shot down by Pakistani F-16s after they entered Pakistani airspace across the Line of Control, although India later on reportedly flew the same Su-30MKI on its Air Force Day in October 2019.

The Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022 became the first conflict in two decades to feature large-scale aerial warfare, including dogfights. Despite this, dogfights still remain rare, with most aircraft losses being due to the use of S-300 surface-to-air missile systems, guided missiles, and other such weapons.

Screenshot/Seba JackoA Polish Su-22 Fitter jet overshot its landing last Saturday at a Polish airbase, and the pilot deployed the drag chute prematurely, causing the aircraft to hit the runway very hard.

Last Saturday an unusual incident took place at the Polish Air Force’s 21st Airbase in Świdwin, during the airbase’s open day. A Su-22 Fitter jet overshot the landing, and the pilot deployed the drag chute prematurely, causing the aircraft to hit the runway very hard.