pup joint yield strength made in china

A pup joint is a casing or tubing of length shorter than Range 1 with the same thread connection, used to adjust the length of tubular strings to its exact requirement.

Pup Joints are manufactured from AISI 4145H or 4140H-modified alloy, heat-treated to a Brinell Hardness range of 285-341 with a Charpy “V” notch minimum impact strength of 40 ft/lb at 70° F and one inch below the surface. Pup Joints are heat-treated to 110,000 PSI minimum yield. All connections are phosphate coated to impede galling during initial make-up.

Integral Pup Joints dedicated to Sour Service applications are available. PJ -110 PUP S are Sour Service Pup Joint using ASCOWELL C material providing improved resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking with high yield strength.

or BTC, length of tubing pup joint are often offered in 2ft, 3ft, 4ft, 6ft, 8ft, 10ft and 12ft, length of pup joint for special purpose can be available as per order.

Pup joints are machined with interchangeable Pin & Box thread on two ends or other configuration, one end is equipped with coupling, and another end is protected with closed end thread protector. Nominal weight of tubing pup joint is the same as tubing, and casing pup joint is the same as casing.

and phosphated and dye-penetrant inspected. and finally painted by machine to ensure excellenct appearance. Finished tubing pup joints are often packed by steel belts in bundles, and then fixed in steel rack for easy transportation.

or BTC, length of tubing pup joint are often offered in 2ft, 3ft, 4ft, 6ft, 8ft, 10ft and 12ft, length of pup joint for special purpose can be available as per order. Casing pup joints are machined with interchangeable Pin & Box thread on two ends or other configuration, one end is equipped with coupling, and another end is protected with closed end thread protector. Nominal weight of casing pup joint is the same as casing. Casing pup joints are

A pup joint is Casing, Pipe or Tubing shorter in length than a standard tubular string. This allows for the adjustment and installation of tools and various tubular components when placement downhole is critical for a specific project. A Spacer Pipe is another reference used to identify pup joints. Pup joint features consist of connections, lengths, weights and material grade.

Tubing pup joints are desiged and manufactured as per API 5CT to be used be adjust height of tubings, and tubing pup joints are made of seamless steel tubings. Material grade of tubing pup joint can be avalialbe in J55, K55, N80, L80 or P110, sizes of tubing pup joint range from 2⅜¡± to 4½¡±, thread of pup joint can be 8RD, 10RD or BTC, and end connection types can be NUE and EUE. length of tubing pup joint are often offered in 2ft, 3ft, 4ft, 6ft, 8ft, 10ft and 12ft, length of pup joint for special purpose can be available as per order. Tubing pup joints are machined with interchangeable Pin & Box thread on two ends or other configuration, one end is equipped with coupling, and another end is protected with closed end thread protector. Nominal weight of tubing pup joint is the same as tubing. Tubing pup joints are internally and externally hydrostatic tested with tension and compression loads, and torque tested, electromagnetically inspected, pup joint is full-body drift and straightness visual inspected, and phosphated and dye-penetrant inspected. and finally painted by machine to ensure excellenct appearance. Finished tubing pup joints are often packed by steel belts in bundles, and then fixed in steel rack for easy transportation.

Casing pup joints are desiged and manufactured as per API 5CT to be used be adjust height of casings, and casing pup joints are made of seamless steel casings. Material grade of casing pup joint can be avalialbe in J55, K55, N80, L80 or P110, sizes of casing pup joint range from 4½¡± to 13⅜¡±, thread of pup joint can be 8RD, 10RD or BTC, length of tubing pup joint are often offered in 2ft, 3ft, 4ft, 6ft, 8ft, 10ft and 12ft, length of pup joint for special purpose can be available as per order. Casing pup joints are machined with interchangeable Pin & Box thread on two ends or other configuration, one end is equipped with coupling, and another end is protected with closed end thread protector. Nominal weight of casing pup joint is the same as casing. Casing pup joints are internally and externally hydrostatic tested with tension and compression loads, and torque tested, electromagnetically inspected, pup joint is full-body drift and straightness visual inspected, and phosphated and dye-penetrant inspected. and finally painted by machine to ensure excellenct appearance. Finished casing pup joints are often packed by steel belts in bundles, and then fixed in steel rack for easy transportation.

Casing pup joint is mainly used to adjust the height of the casing strings. It is also used to adjust the depth of down-hole tools. Our pup joints are manufactured in accordance with the API Spec5CT specification. The steel grades of the products of this kind are J55, K55, N80 and L80 P110. These products feature high corrosion resistance and long running life. As a pup joints supplier, we also produce the API 5CT tubing pup joint which is the fitting of the tubing strings. And we promise that all our ...

It is produced according to API 5CT Specification. Our precision-engineered pup Joints are ideal for spacing out down-hole assemblies and handling the production of tubing accessories. As a tubing pup joints manufacturer in China, we also provide API 5CT casing pup joint which is the accessory of the casing strings ...

Pup joint is a common fitting used in industry pipeline connection. It is a section of pipe of non-standard length used for making up a string of tubular to an exact total length. This product is a one-piece construction made from alloy steel. It features wing union end connections which eliminate the need for welds and threads. This pipe fitting is capable of bearing diverse fluids and working pressures. Our products in this category include tubing pup joints and the ones for casing pipe.

1.Pup joint is mainly used to correct the overall length of a drill string to land at a specific depth while staying within the working area of the valve.

As a pup joints supplier in China, Hebei Xinlian (Beijing) Petroleum Pipe Co., Ltd. possesses an advanced process line of pipes for petroleum which consists of first-rate CNC thread cutting machine, automatic screw machine, hydraulic press, jet printing equipment, etc. Our products have been exported to many countries, such as Germany, Japan, Rumania, Czech, Italy, UK, Austria, Switzerland, the US, Argentina and Singapore.

Pup joints are manufactured from AISI 4145H or 4140H-modified alloy, heat-treated to a Brinell Hardness range of 285-341 with a Charpy “V” notch minimum impact strength of 40 ft/lb at 70° F and one inch below the surface. Pup joints are heat-treated to 110,000 psi minimum yield. All connections are phos-coated to impede galling during initial make-up. They are available in standard lengths of 5′, 10′, 15′ and 20′ with other configurations upon request.

Pup joints are commonly used to adjust the length of the drill string to the elevation of rotary table for easy surface handling and drilling practices. They undergo the same stresses as drill pipe and their performance depends primarily on their superior mechanical properties.

Integral Pup Joints are high pressure fluid control situation. They are widely used in the acidic operating environment in high-pressure pipelines. Integral Pup Joints are made from high strength steel, with a special toughening process. It uses Acme threaded connection, making the demolition convenient, fast and reliable. Multiple seal designs and high precision are to ensure the sealing performance of the product.

ll pump joints are made from modified alloy steel heat-treated to a Brinell Hardness range of 285–341 with a Charpy V-Notch minimum impact strength of 40 ft-lbs at 70°F guaranteed to one inch below the surface Connections can be cold rolled after machining, if requested All connections are phos-coated to prevent galling during initial make-up

API Spec 5CT – This Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for steel pipes (casing, tubing and pup joints), coupling stock, coupling material and accessory material and establishes requirements for three Product Specification Levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, PSL-3). The requirements for PSL-1 are the basis of this Standard. The requirements that define different levels of standard technical requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3, for all Grades except H-40, L-80 9Cr and C110, are contained in Annex H.

All kinds of Casing and Tubing Jfe Nsct Pup Joint for OCTG produced by our company have reached the national standards. We keep on with our enterprise spirit of "Quality, Efficiency, Innovation and Integrity". We hope to gain the trust and support of our customers, employees, communities and other stakeholders, and work together to make our company stronger, better and bigger.

ll pump joints are made from modified alloy steel heat-treated to a Brinell Hardness range of 285–341 with a Charpy V-Notch minimum impact strength of 40 ft-lbs at 70°F guaranteed to one inch below the surface Connections can be cold rolled after machining, if requested All connections are phos-coated to prevent galling during initial make-up

API Spec 5CT – This Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for steel pipes (casing, tubing and pup joints), coupling stock, coupling material and accessory material and establishes requirements for three Product Specification Levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, PSL-3). The requirements for PSL-1 are the basis of this Standard. The requirements that define different levels of standard technical requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3, for all Grades except H-40, L-80 9Cr and C110, are contained in Annex H.

We care about your needs, we pay attention to the quality of Steel Pipe Seamless Nipple & Pup Joint; Oil OCTG Casing & Tubing Pup Joint Oilfield Services J55/K55/N80/L80/P110/C95/T95/80s, your satisfaction is our eternal pursuit, quality and integrity is our goal. We strictly and seriously fulfill our contracts, keep our promises and strengthen our network system of after-sales service. We set up a sense of quality service and do our best to do the entrusted project of each contracted customer.

Pup Joints are short drill pipe used to adjust the length of the drill string and are available in standard lengths of 5", 10", 15", 20" and can be ordered to match other drill ...

API 5CT J55 and K55 casing and tubing are relatively low grade material pipe among all API 5CT pipes, they have same chemical composition and same yield strength 379-552 Mpa but in different tensile, J55 tensile strength minimum 517 Mpa which K55 is 655 Mpa. J55/K55 are lower grade than N80, L80, P110 or T95, so they are a cheaper option material and widely used in non corrosive oil well installation without high strength requirement.

API 5CT defines delivery conditions for steel casing and tubing pipes used for oil wells installation, it covers pup joints, coupling stock, coupling material, and accessory materials, and establishes requirements for three product specification levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, and PSL-3). The requirements for PSL-1 are the basis of this standard.

As we know steel casing pipe is considered as a pipe pile that will stabilize the oil well. Casing is installed in oil well downhole to provide structural integrity to the wellbore and bear external-collapse pressure from rock formations and internal-yield pressure from fluid and gas. It needs to take pressure from its own weight and withstand the torque and transaxial pressure placed on it while running downhole.

One is a short Drill Pipe used to adjust the length of the Drill String; The other one OCTG Pup Joint is a pipe of non-standard length, which is used to adjust the length of tubular strings to its exact requirement.

Vigor can manufacture the Tubing Pup Joints by different technology - Upsetting and Machining process. if you have a special requirement on the Pup Joint production process, please just specify.

If you are looking for a competitive, high quality and fast delivery oilfield pup joint in stock, or if you are planning to buy pup joint API from one of the leading casing and tubing pup joint manufacturers, API 5CT pup joint in stock, l8013cr pup joint, nue/nue tubing pup joint manufacturers and suppliers China, please feel free to contact VIGOR.Details  of  API  Spec.  5CT  Oil  Tubing  Pup  Joint

[1] On July 22, 2011, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) received a written complaint from Alberta Oil Tool (AOT), a division of Dover Corporation (Canada) Limited of Edmonton, Alberta, (hereafter, "the Complainant") alleging that imports of certain pup joints originating in or exported from the People"s Republic of China (China) are being dumped and subsidized and causing injury to the Canadian industry.

[4] On September 12, 2011, pursuant to subsection 31(1) of SIMA, the President of the CBSA (President) initiated investigations respecting the dumping and subsidizing of certain pup joints from China.

[5] On September 13, 2011, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (Tribunal) commenced a preliminary injury inquiry, pursuant to subsection 34(2) of SIMA, into whether the evidence discloses a reasonable indication that the alleged dumping and subsidizing of certain pup joints from China have caused injury or retardation or are threatening to cause injury to the Canadian industry producing the goods. On November 14, 2011, pursuant to subsection 37.1(1) of SIMA, the Tribunal determined that there is evidence that discloses a reasonable indication that the alleged dumping and subsidizing of certain pup joints have caused injury or retardation or are threatening to cause injury to the domestic industry.

[6] On December 12, 2011, the CBSA made preliminary determinations of dumping and subsidizing with respect to certain pup joints originating in or exported from China pursuant to subsection 38(1) of SIMA, and began imposing provisional duties on imports of the subject goods pursuant to subsection 8(1) of SIMA.

[8] The CBSA continued its investigations and, on the basis of the evidence, the President is satisfied that certain pup joints originating in or exported from China have been dumped and subsidized and that the margins of dumping and the amounts of subsidy are not insignificant. Consequently, on March 12, 2012, the President made final determinations of dumping and subsidizing pursuant to paragraph 41(1)(a) of SIMA.

[10] Each of the two investigations has its own separate Period of Investigation (POI). The dumping POI includes shipments of subject pup joints released into Canada from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011, while the subsidy POI includes shipments of subject pup joints released into Canada from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011.

[13] Of the other producers certified to produce the like goods in Canada, only Tenaris Canada (Tenaris), of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, confirmed that they are manufacturing them. Tenaris produces like goods which are premium pup joints in relatively small quantities and provided a letter supporting the complaint.[1]

[22] As part of the section 20 inquiry, RFIs were sent to all known producers of pup joints in other countries (excluding China). This list of certified producers was obtained directly from the American Petroleum Institute (API). Although seven producers indicated their intention to provide a response, no complete response to the Surrogate RFI was ever received.

“Oil country tubular goods pup joints, made of carbon or alloy steel, welded or seamless, heat-treated or not heat-treated, regardless of end finish, having an outside diameter from 2 3/8 inches to 4 1/2 inches (60.3 mm to 114.3 mm), in all grades, in lengths from 2 feet to 12 feet (61 cm to 366 cm) originating in or exported from the People"s Republic of China.”

[24] Pup joints are oil country tubular goods (OCTG) made from carbon or alloy steel pipes used for the exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas. These pipes may be made by the electric resistance welded (ERW) or seamless production method, and are supplied to meet API specification 5CT or equivalent standard.[6]

[25] Pup joints are primarily used for the purpose of adjusting the depth of strings or down hole tools, particularly where exact depth readings in a well are required for any given purpose, such as setting valves, packers, nipples or circulating sleeves. Pup joints are also used with down hole pumps. The number and lengths of pup joints may vary widely from well to well, depending on the various equipment and performance requirements established by engineers of the purchasing end users.

[26] Pup joints may range from 2 feet to 12 feet in length with a permitted tolerance of plus or minus three inches. The sizes are generally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 feet in length.

[27] The pup joints subject to these investigations are, by virtue of the characteristics such as the outside diameter range, essentially short lengths of OCTG tubing.

[28] Pup joints are manufactured in Canada by the Complainant using plain end tube as an input. For J55 grade pup joints, a length of J55 OCTG tubing is employed. For L80 grade pup joints, the input is an A-519 mechanical tube with the appropriate steel chemistry for L80 OCTG. The L80 input tube does not qualify for the API 5CT designation until it has been tested in accordance with API requirements. The Complainant performs the testing required.

[30] The production process of the input pipe itself is virtually identical to that employed for OCTG tubing and casing. There are, however, significant subsequent costs associated with transforming the input tubing into pup joints including: cutting to length, end finishing, threading, and testing to meet the certification required.

[31] For J55 grade pup joints, the Complainant produces an upset end by heating (upset forging) and butting to thicken the end of the pipe diameter for threading. J55 tubing is cut 8 inches longer than the required pup joint length to accommodate this process. In the case of L80 grade pup joints, the production process uses profiling rather than upset ends, and accordingly only 1/4 inch of additional length is needed to accommodate finishing. Profiling refers to machining the pipe towards the ends of the pipe so it is thicker at the far ends. This process is used instead of upsetting because upsetting a pipe with steel chemistry for an L80 grade would require the producer to heat-treat the pipe again.

[32] Testing includes drift testing which is an assessment of the straightness within the hollow part of the tube, to ensure no bends or kinks exist after the pup joint was forged, and hydrostatic testing which assesses the pup joint’s ability to withstand internal pressure.

[40] Regarding the dumping investigation, information was requested from known and potential exporters, vendors and importers, concerning shipments of subject pup joints released into Canada during the dumping POI of July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011.

[41] Regarding the subsidy investigation, information related to potential actionable subsidies was requested from known and potential exporters and the GOC concerning financial contributions made to exporters or producers of subject pup joints released into Canada during the subsidy POI of January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011.

[42] In addition, known and possible exporters and producers of pup joints, along with the GOC, were requested to respond to the section 20 RFI for the purposes of the section 20 Inquiry.

[55] The Complainant requested that section 20 be applied in the determination of normal values due to the alleged existence of the conditions set forth in paragraph 20(1)(a) of SIMA. In their complaint, the Complainant provided information to support these allegations concerning the steel industry in China including the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints.[15]

[56] At the initiation of the dumping investigation, the CBSA had sufficient information from the Complainant, the CBSA’s own research and previous CBSA section 20 opinions to support the initiation of a section 20 inquiry to examine the extent of GOC involvement in pricing in the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints. The information indicated that domestic prices in China have been influenced by various GOC industrial policies concerning the Chinese steel industry including the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints.

[60] As part of the CBSA’s examination of the OCTG sector in China, which includes pup joints, the GOC was requested to provide information concerning the Chinese manufacturers of OCTG by region, the type of products produced (i.e. welded versus seamless) and their respective steel production capacities. In addition, the GOC was requested to indicate the ownership structure of each manufacturer along with information pertaining to OCTG manufacturers that are State-Owned Enterprises (SOE).

[63] Furthermore, according to recent legislation passed by the GOC, through the Criterion for the Production and Operation of Steel Industry – GY [2010] No. 105,[17] there is an application process that requests this information from producers along with additional detailed information concerning output value, sales revenue, profits etc. At minimum, the GOC has the information available from its SOEs, which comprise a substantial proportion of the top OCTG producers in the sector. This indicates that the information requested by the CBSA is available to the GOC and current information from the GOC regarding the OCTG sector in China, which includes pup joints, would have been useful to the CBSA in its analysis.

[65] The following is the CBSA’s analysis of the relevant factors that prevail in the Chinese steel industry, which subsequently affect the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints.

[70] The 2009 Steel Revitalization/Rescue Plan also applies to the OCTG sector in China, which includes pup joints. There is evidence on the record confirming that the GOC specifically directed one of the cooperating exporters in the OCTG (2010) investigation, which was one of the largest SOE producers, and possibly the largest seamless OCTG manufacturer, to reorganize with another company.[20]

[80] Together with the GOC’s recent legislation: Criterion for the Production and Operation of Steel Industry – GY [2010] No. 105[28] and Several Observations of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening Energy-saving and Emission Reduction Efforts, as well as the Accelerating of Restructuring of Steel Industry – GBF (1010) No. 34,[29] these plans set out the detailed requirements for existing production and operations of steel enterprises in China. For construction and renovation projects in the steel industry, the GOC’s development policies for the steel industry apply (i.e. the 12th Five-Year Plan: Iron and Steel and 2009 Steel Revitalization/Rescue Plan).

[83] Based on the information on the record, the scope of the GOC’s macro-economic policies/measures provide a compelling factual basis that the GOC is influencing the Chinese steel industry including the OCTG sector, which includes the pup joints under investigation.

[85] In its second supplemental section 20 RFI response, the GOC provided the document, Several Observations of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening Energy-saving and emission Reduction Efforts as well as Accelerating of Restructuring of Steel Industry- GBF (2010) No. 34.[31]

[88] Information on the record further illustrates that GOC macro-economic policies/measures are compulsory and followed by local governments, with substantive impacts on the commercial decisions of producers of pup joints.[33]

[91] Wuxi Forest Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuxi Forest) had provided a response to the CBSA’s dumping RFI which had Chinese domestic sales of pup joints.[37] Wuxi Forest is a Chinese trading company and is not a manufacturer of pup joints. The company’s exports to Canada were subsequently found to be non-subject to the investigation. Wuxi Forest had purchased pup joints in China for re-sale during the POI. The acquisition cost of these pup joints represent actual Chinese domestic sales of pup joints. These Chinese domestic sales are all grade P110 pup joints which is a high-end API 5CT specification.[38] The CBSA used these Chinese domestic selling prices of pup joints for the following analysis.

[92] Firstly, the CBSA compared the overall average selling price of these P110 goods sold in China, with U.S. selling prices of High Collapse P110 (HCP) as reported by Pipe Logix during the POI.[39] Pipe Logix does not report U.S. domestic selling prices for ordinary P110 grade product, as it is not normally sold in the US domestic market. However, P110 is required for some applications in the Canadian oilfield where there are sour gas environments. HCP pipe is not an equivalent grade but a very comparable specification to the P110. A comparison of the HCP to the P110 grades based on like outside diameters (OD) and nominal weights of 11.6 pounds per foot (lbs/ft) for the Chinese and U.S. products indicates that the selling price of Chinese P110 pup joints was less than the selling prices of standard length HCP casing in the U.S. (likely about a 30 foot length), on a metric tonne basis.

[93] To put this in perspective, if the Chinese domestic pup joints were all of 10 foot lengths, there would be approximately 19 pup joints in a metric tonne with each end piece finished and tested according to the API 5CT specification. [40] In contrast, the reported U.S. Pipe Logix selling price, on a metric tonne basis, is comprised of average standard lengths of about 30 feet, meaning each tonne would comprise roughly six 30 foot lengths with finished and tested ends according to the API 5CT specification.[41] With the same OD and 11.6 lbs/ft nominal weight in each example, the Chinese domestic prices do not reflect the additional cost and resulting incremental value in selling price for the additional 13 finished end pieces of pup joints. This is a conservative example in respect of the Chinese selling price. One metric tonne of the Chinese goods could alternatively be comprised of 63 three foot pup joints, each with finished and tested ends according to the API 5CT specification.[42] This would illustrate an even greater cost and a substantial selling price differential.

United States to Canada during the POI.[43] In this comparison, the CBSA did not have sales of P110 in the same OD and lbs/ft as the Chinese goods but both were similar. The OD and nominal weight for the US selling prices were 3.5 inches and 9.3 lbs/ft compared to the Chinese product of 4.5 inches and 11.6 lbs/ft, which are sufficiently similar for comparison purposes. The lengths of the pup joints were the same at six feet. This comparison of selling prices indicates that the Chinese pup joints were 86% below that of the U.S. selling price. Consequently, in this comparison, the Chinese pup joint price is markedly lower than competitive market pricing for the same grade and same length of pup joint.

[95] In a third comparison, the CBSA compared the overall average domestic Chinese P110 pup joint selling price with the lowest U.S. selling prices of the lowest grade of API 5CT specification, J55, as per the Pipe Logix report over the POI.[44] The Chinese selling price was 34% lower than the U.S. J55 selling price.

[96] Each of the CBSA’s comparisons indicates that Chinese domestic pup joint selling prices are substantially below corresponding competitive market prices. Based on the CBSA’s price analysis, the evidence indicates that Chinese domestic OCTG pup joint prices are not substantially the same as they would be if they were determined in a competitive market.

[97] The wide range and material nature of the GOC measures have resulted in significant influence on the Chinese steel industry including the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints. The conditions described in paragraph 20(1)(a) of SIMA exist in this sector. Domestic prices are substantially determined by the GOC, and there is sufficient reason to believe that the domestic prices of pup joints are not substantially the same as they would be in a competitive market.

[98] Based on the above analysis, for the purposes of the final determination, the President affirmed the opinion rendered at the preliminary determination that the conditions described in paragraph 20(1)(a)apply in the OCTG sector in China, which includes pup joints.[45]

[100] For purposes of the preliminary determination, normal values could not be calculated on the basis of domestic selling prices in China or on the full cost of goods plus profit, as the President formed the opinion that the conditions described in section 20 exist in the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints.

[105] While the CBSA does not have sufficient pricing, costing or import data available relating to a surrogate country, it does have pricing information for pup joints imported into Canada from, and originating in, the United States. This information was acquired from internal import data and from brokers representing the importers of these goods.[46] For the purposes of the final determination, normal values were determined on the basis of these prices.

[106] The normal values for each subject good exported to Canada by Hengshui Weijia over the period of investigation was based on the price of imported pup joints from the United States which matched the major characteristics used to identify these goods. Where such a match was not possible on a given transaction, the difference between the total normal value and the total export price for all other transactions for which matches were made, expressed as a percentage of this total export price, was used to establish the normal value.

[114] Under paragraph 41(1)(a) of SIMA, the President shall make a final determination of dumping when he is satisfied that the goods have been dumped and that the margin of dumping of the goods of a country is not insignificant. Pursuant to subsection 2(1) of SIMA, a margin of dumping of less than 2% is defined as insignificant. The margin of dumping of certain pup joints from China is not less than 2% and is, therefore, not insignificant.

[119] A review of the information submitted by Hengshui Weijia revealed that the company had no domestic sales during the POI. All Hengshui Weijia production is for export and all products are pup joints.

[120] Normal values for Hengshui Weijia were determined pursuant to a ministerial specification under subsection 29(1) of SIMA. The normal values for each subject good exported to Canada by Hengshui Weijia over the period of investigation was based on the price of imported pup joints from the United States which matched the major characteristics used to identify these goods. Where such a match was not possible on a given transaction, the difference between the total normal value and the total export price for all other transactions for which matches were made, expressed as a percentage of this total export price, was used to establish the normal value.

[168] On the basis of the results of the investigation, the President is satisfied that certain pup joints originating in or exported from the People’s Republic China, have been dumped and that the margin of dumping is not insignificant. Consequently, on March 12, 2012, the President made a final determination of dumping pursuant to paragraph 41(1)(a) of SIMA respecting the subject goods.

[169] Similarly, on the basis of the results of the investigation, the President is satisfied that certain pup joints originating in or exported from the People’s Republic of China have been subsidized and that the amount of subsidy is not insignificant. As a result, the President also made a final determination of subsidizing pursuant to paragraph 41(1)(a) of SIMA respecting the subject goods on this same date.

“More specifically, in regards to operations or production capacity of companies in the OCTG sector, the GOC has stated unequivocally that there is no approval required concerning additional capacity and/or joint venture and that modifications on additions of capacity and/or joint ventures concerning OCTG are ultimately decided by the producers themselves.”[84]

Several Observations of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening Energy-saving and Emission Reduction Efforts as well as Accelerating of Restructuring of Steel Industry – GBF (2010) No. 34 [90]

As part of the preliminary determination of dumping, the President formed the opinion that the conditions of section 20 exist in the Chinese OCTG sector, which includes pup joints.

The CBSA has undertaken extensive research into the GOC’s involvement in the steel industry, including the Chinese OCTG sector, which includes pup joints. The CBSA has formed the section 20 opinion on the OCTG sector in China in two previous investigations – Seamless Steel Casing (2008) and Oil Country Tubular Goods (2010). The full details of this research are available on the CBSA’s listing of exhibits.

Counsel for the GOC objected to the CBSA using any methodology for calculating normal values that was not based upon the “timely filed, verifiable and accurate information governing the pup joints sector in China.”[110] The GOC also claimed that the “GOC and its producers have clearly established that market economy conditions prevail in the OCTG industry.”[111]

At the time of the preliminary determination, the President formed the opinion that the conditions of section 20 exist in the OCTG sector, which includes pup joints. Where section 20 conditions exist, the CBSA may determine normal values using the selling price, or the total cost and profit, of like goods sold by producers in a surrogate country designated by the President pursuant to paragraph 20(1)(c) of SIMA or, failing that, paragraph 20(1)(d) of SIMA provides for calculating normal values using re-sales in Canada of goods imported from a third country. The CBSA was unable to obtain sufficient information for either of these two approaches and accordingly used an alternative method to estimate normal values for purposes of the preliminary determination.

For the purposes of the final determination, a more comprehensive analysis using actual imports of goods matching the subject good characteristics from the United States were used as basis for normal values. These normal values were compared with the exported goods from the cooperative exporter. The CBSA considers this to be the best available information, given the lack of pricing information on the record, in spite of the CBSA’s efforts to obtain it from other producers of pup joints.

Furthermore, although counsel for the GOC suggested the use of Brazil as a more appropriate surrogate alternative to, for example, domestic selling prices in the United States, the CBSA notes that counsel provided no evidence of such prices for the CBSA’s consideration. In fact, all statements made in relation to Brazil in case arguments, regarding its production capability for both oil and OCTG etc. were without any reference to evidence on the record. Had counsel for the GOC or any other interested party submitted documentation to support these statements, the CBSA would have considered it as part of its surrogate country analysis. As such, the CBSA had very little information in regards to domestic selling prices in other countries for OCTG in general, let alone pup joints.

It is also worthy to note that at the initiation of the investigation, the CBSA did contact producers of pup joints in Brazil, requesting that they respond to the RFI provided to them for the purposes of a surrogate country analysis.[115] As stated earlier, no responses to the surrogate RFI were received.

Note: using the shortest length of casing permitted under API 5CT (16 feet) would still only yield less than 12 lengths 16 X 11.6 = 186. 2,204/186 = 11.8.

For couplings, pup joints and accessories the analyses requested shall be furnished by the steel manufacturer or processor and shall be taken from material in tubular or bar form.

Manufactured to API specification 5CT. This is a controlled yield strength material with a hardness testing requirement. L80 is usually used in wells with sour (hydrogen sulfide) environments.The Chrome contents is 1% more or less.

Pup joints are a type of non-standard length pipe which is often utilized to adjust tubular strings to individual requirements. API casing and tubing pup joints are manufactured according to API Spec 5CT with API monogrammed, seamless oil country tubing. These joints are also used to adjust the height of full-length tubing and casing and are mainly applied as depth markers for drill strings, Products on tubing, or casing. A pup joint is widely used in the energy sector, including renewable electricity, coal, and gas. These applications include interconnecting flow lines, full traceability, and customized lengths based on the client"s requirements.

Further, the Pup Joint market is segmented by Product Type, Technology, End-User, and geography. Based on Product Type, the Pup Joint market is segmented under Crossover Pup Joint, Tubing Pup Joint, and Drill Pipe Pup Joint. Based on the Technology, the Pup Joint market is segmented under Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled. Based on End-User, the Pup Joint market is segmented under Chemical Industry, Mining,Oil & Gas, Construction, and Others. By geography, the market covers the following regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa. For each segment, the market sizing and forecasts have been done on the basis of value (in USD Million).

The key factors affecting the industry include technological advancements in drilling techniques and faster industrialization in developing countries. In addition, the rise in population will lead to an increase in the demand for natural gas and oil, which will help the pup joint market flourish during the forecast period. Growth in the demand for high-grade pup joints within various industry verticals is expected to boost the market growth during the forecast period. Additionally, the increase in energy consumption, economic development of the shipping industry, and surge in seaborne trade are the major factors driving the market.

The majority of major companies are focusing on upgrading their equipment according to market needs in the coming years. Key players are focusing on developing products that would benefit the industry in the next few years. As an example, Ace Oil Tools introduced its new Ace Splice Clamp (ASC) to the completions market. The ASC allows multiple lines to be spliced with a single clamp and protects control lines during the completion process. Ace Splice Clamps attach to tubing or pup joints, providing the same reliability and functionality that is usually offered by submersibles. The increase in launches will help the industry to grow during the forecast period.

Renewable offshore wind energy is becoming increasingly affordable, environmental-friendly and cost-effective. It will help to reduce greenhouse gases. During the forecast period, renewable energy is expected to be more affordable than existing oil and gas sources. It will act as a restraint on the global pup joint market.

A boom in demand for pup joints to be used for untapped businesses is where key players are focusing their efforts. This is leading to advancements in the coming years and giving opportunities to key players. To increase revenue generation, major players are focusing on acquiring more companies so that they can use the distribution channels of the acquired companies. This is a significant opportunity for key players.

COVID-19 has greatly affected the world economy in a negative way, which is why the pup joint market suffered a decrease in revenue. The government of several countries implemented strict regulations on pup joints, which greatly negatively affected the market. Moreover, the lockdown situation is causing industries to focus on innovations, which could help gain the attention of the majority of players during the forecast period.

By Product Type,the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Crossover Pup Joint, Tubing Pup Joint, and Drill Pipe Pup Joint. The Tubing Pup Joint segment had the highest market share in 2021. Because these pup joints are also used to handle production tubing accessories, the tubing pup joint segment is expected to have a huge demand. A tubing pup joint is a short piece of tubing that is used for spacing.

By Technology, the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled. The Hot Rolled segment had the highest market share in 2021.The most common type of pup joint is the hot-rolled pup joint. Steel is heated to a high temperature and then rolled into a cylindrical shape. This type of pup joint has higher tensile strength, but it is also less corrosion resistant.

By End-User, the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Chemical Industry, Mining, Oil & Gas, Construction, and Others. The Oil & Gas segment had the highest market share in 2021, and it will boost the market growth during the forecast period.As various emerging economies rely on petroleum-based products, dependence on oil & gas has increased. Petroleum is used to make various chemical products, including fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and solvents. Private and public companies are showing interest in exploring new oil reserves to meet future demand. Investment by major companies in oil exploration is expected to boost the market for pup joint ventures.

The North America region held the highest market share in 2021.The pup joint industry is the leading revenue generator for the North American market. The growing demand for energy from the oil & gas and chemical industries in this region is driving the growth of this market. As a result of technological advancements and an increase in foreign direct investment for various exploration projects, manufacturers are also entering new markets in developing countries like Mexico and Canada.

The market"s major companies have a significant impact because most of them have extensive global networks through which they can reach their massive client bases. To drive revenue growth and strengthen their positions in the global market, key players in the market, particularly in North America and Europe, are focusing on strategic initiatives such as acquisitions, new collection launches, and partnerships.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of theGlobalPup Joint market to the stakeholders in the industry. The report provides trends that are most dominant in the GlobalPup Joint market and how these trends will influence new business investments and market development throughout the forecast period. The report also aids in the comprehension of theGlobalPup Joint Market dynamics and competitive structure of the market by analyzing market leaders, market followers, and regional players.

The qualitative and quantitative data provided in theGlobalPup Joint market report is to help understand which market segments, regions are expected to grow at higher rates, factors affecting the market, and key opportunity areas, which will drive the industry and market growth through the forecast period. The report also includes the competitive landscape of key players in the industry along with their recent developments in theGlobalPup Joint market. The report studies factors such as company size, market share, market growth, revenue, Product Type Typeion volume, and profits of the key players in theGlobalPup Joint market.

The report provides Porter"s Five Force Model, which helps in designing the business strategies in the market. The report helps in identifying how many rivals exist, who they are, and how their Product Type Type quality is in theGlobalPup Joint market. The report also analyses if theGlobalPup Joint market is easy for a new player to gain a foothold in the market, do they enter or exit the market regularly, if the market is dominated by a few players, etc.

The report also includes a PESTEL Analysis, which aids in the development of company strategies. Political variables help in figuring out how much a government can influence theGlobalPup Joint market. Economic variables aid in the analysis of economic performance drivers that have an impact on theGlobalPup Joint market. Understanding the impact of the surrounding environment and the influence of environmental concerns on the GlobalPup Joint market is aided by legal factors.