wire rope inspection standard made in china

A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment is used, which must be completed before or during that shift. The inspection must consist of observation of wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use during the shift for apparent deficiencies, including those listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Untwisting (opening) of wire rope or booming down is not required as part of this inspection.

Significant distortion of the wire rope structure such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, signs of core failure or steel core protrusion between the outer strands.

In running wire ropes: Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay, where a rope lay is the length along the rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope.

In rotation resistant ropes: Two randomly distributed broken wires in six rope diameters or four randomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters.

In pendants or standing wire ropes: More than two broken wires in one rope lay located in rope beyond end connections and/or more than one broken wire in a rope lay located at an end connection.

If a deficiency in Category I (see paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section) is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. If the deficiency is determined to constitute a safety hazard, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

If a deficiency in Category II (see paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section) is identified, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

The employer complies with the wire rope manufacturer"s established criterion for removal from service or a different criterion that the wire rope manufacturer has approved in writing for that specific wire rope (see § 1926.1417),

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

If the deficiency (other than power line contact) is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. Repair of wire rope that contacted an energized power line is also prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

Where a wire rope is required to be removed from service under this section, either the equipment (as a whole) or the hoist with that wire rope must be tagged-out, in accordance with § 1926.1417(f)(1), until the wire rope is repaired or replaced.

The inspection must include any deficiencies that the qualified person who conducts the annual inspection determines under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section must be monitored.

Wire ropes on equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that no corrective action under paragraph (a)(4) of this section is required.

At least every 12 months, wire ropes in use on equipment must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section (shift inspection).

The inspection must be complete and thorough, covering the surface of the entire length of the wire ropes, with particular attention given to all of the following:

Exception: In the event an inspection under paragraph (c)(2) of this section is not feasible due to existing set-up and configuration of the equipment (such as where an assist crane is needed) or due to site conditions (such as a dense urban setting), such inspections must be conducted as soon as it becomes feasible, but no longer than an additional 6 months for running ropes and, for standing ropes, at the time of disassembly.

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

If the qualified person determines that, though not presently a safety hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, the employer must ensure that the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections.

All documents produced under this section must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections under this section.

Any wire rope in use should be inspected on a regular basis. You have too much at stake in lives and equipment to ignore thorough examination of the rope at prescribed intervals.

The purpose of inspection is to accurately estimate the service life and strength remaining in a rope so that maximum service can be had within the limits of safety. Results of the inspection should be recorded to provide a history of rope performance on a particular job.

On most jobs wire rope must be replaced before there is any risk of failure. A rope broken in service can destroy machinery and curtail production. It can also kill.

Because of the great responsibility involved in ensuring safe rigging on equipment, the person assigned to inspect should know wire rope and its operation thoroughly. Inspections should be made periodically and before each use, and the results recorded.

When inspecting the rope, the condition of the drum, sheaves, guards, cable clamps and other end fittings should be noted. The condition of these parts affects rope wear: any defects detected should be repaired.

To ensure rope soundness between inspections, all workers should participate. The operator can be most helpful by watching the ropes under his control. If any accident involving the ropes occurs, the operator should immediately shut down his equipment and report the accident to his supervisor. The equipment should be inspected before resuming operation.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act has made periodic inspection mandatory for most wire rope applications. If you need help locating the regulations that apply to your application, please give our rigging experts a call.

Established in 2005, Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. is a professional steel wire rope manufacturer and exporter with a profound experience. The company is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China covering an area of 57,108.70 square meters. They have a total annual production of steel wire rope is 25000 to 30000 tons and a registered capital 13 million U.S. dollars. Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. has plenty of high-quality products to offer.Toho-Rongkee

Chongqing Toho-Rongkee Electronic and Machinery Co., Ltd is one of the best wire rope manufacturers in China that follows ISO 9001:2008, TUV, CE, SGS qualification standard on every production method and fabricated. Also offer a wide range of lifting tools, equipment, and various riggings that meet your standards. Employs over 1000 skilled workers and staff in 7 advanced factories in China.Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd

Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd is specialized in manufacturing steel wire ropes headquarters in Dainan Town, Jiangsu Province China. Currently having more than 50 existing employees in over 6600 square meters factory area. They can provide excellent advice and assistance to ensure you obtain the right products at the lowest cost.Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company

With more than 40 years of manufacturing and technique experience, you can totally rely on Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, they have excellent production lines, modern production techniques, and excellent quality control systems. All products such as steel wire, pre-stressed wire rope, PVC coated wire rope, etc. are not only famous with excellent quality but in reasonable prices and considerate services in China. This company also receives good popularity in the overseas market.Nantong Jiaan Metal Material Co., Ltd.

Established in 2013, Jiaan Metal Material is one of the respected manufacturers of steel wire rope located in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. All the production methods, from raw material smelting, heat treatment, wire drawing, and rope twisting to physical and chemical performance examining, are under strict and scientific control based on ISO 9001 certification standard.Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd.

Started in 1998, Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd. continually improving and striving to provide high-grade wire rope to customers worldwide. ISO9001:2008, ISO14001:2004 certified company located in Jiangsu, China. They mainly engaged in producing steel wire rope, stainless steel wire, steel strip, stainless steel strip, spring steel strip, spring steel wire, carbon steel wire, and more.Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd.

Set up in the year 2016, Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd is an expert wire rope provider situated in Nantong, China. Owns advanced technologies and machinery to manufacture a high-class and comprehensive quality solution. They have more than 70 professional employees working and improving products according to ISO9001:2015 authentication.Jiangsu Zhongying Steel Cable Co., Ltd.

Established in 2004, Zhongying Steel Cable is one of the leading manufacturers and reputable provider of steel wire ropes situated in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. Their factory has 80, 000 square meters and the building area is about to 65,000 square meters. Workshops are equipped with advanced producing equipment and comprehensive testing facilities that’s why the partnership with them will bring business satisfaction for you.Qingdao Haito Rigging Hardware Co., Ltd

A large enterprise located in Qingdao, Shandong, China, which engaged in manufacturing rigging hardware such as steel wire rope accessories, wire rope clips, load binder, chain, wire rope, and more. They have an abundant supply of superior quality products. Founded in 2009, Haito Rigging Hardware continuously developed and improving products supported by good experience and professional employees.Gustav Wolf

With over 130 years of experience and development, Gustav Wolf is a leading superior steel wire and steel wire ropes manufacturer associated with quality and safety. Produced products according to ISO9001:2015, ISO14001:2015 certification which can meet your requirements and demands. Employs over 115 hardworking workers and staff who aim to serve customers with honesty, loyalty, and perseverance.Jiangsu Xiangchuan Rope Technology Co., Ltd.

Specialized in manufacturing high-standard wire rope, Xiangchuan Rope Technology is a dedicated supplier and manufacturer with vast experience in the field. Own a modern facility with an area of about 38, 000 square meters and employs 138 staff members and workers. Their advanced production equipment, technical know-how, skilled workers guarantee that in Xiangchuan Rope Technology you have a reliable partner.JULI SLING CO., LTD.

For more than 33 years of experience in creating comprehensive products such as wire rope, JULI SLING earned a good reputation in the steel industry appreciated by foreign and domestics customers. JULI is recognized as a pioneer in China’s lifting and rigging industry, the standard makers in rigging field, the advocate of worldwide rigging civilization. Partnership with this company will skyrocket your business project.Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd

Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd is a large private enterprise founded in 2009 that specialized in producing any types of wire rope, headquarters in Jiangsu, China. Get 100% ideal products, at a cost-effective price here in Julong Metal. Be one of their satisfied customers such as in Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Asia, the Middle East, etc.YunFeng Steel Wire Rope Products Ltd.

Located in Jiangsu province, China, YunFeng Steel Wire Rope is a professional manufacturer of all kinds of wire rope offer in excellent quality and reasonable price to customers. They can meet customers’ demands and requirements by manufacturing all kinds of products with international standards.Sinounion Industries

Founded in 1999, Sinounion Industries is a professional Steel Wire Rope manufacturer in China. Also offer Rigging Hardware, Lifting Equipment, and various Forging & Casting products. All products are manufactured according to ISO9001, ISO14001, CE, and GS standards. The company owns a wide factory area in Qingdao, Shandong province with about 35000 square meters.Ningbo BST Metal Products Co., Ltd.

Established in 2002, BST Metal Products is one of the largest and reputable steel wire rope manufacturers in China with an area of 78,000 square meters factory workshop. Backed up by more than 350 professional people & technical engineers who have a vast experience in the field, BST Metal Products ensure great and fast production exceed the national and international guidelines.Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd.

As an ISO9001:2015, ISO/TS16949:2009, ISO9001: 2000 certified company, Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd. devoted itself to producing excellent products at a favorable cost. If you`re looking for a wire rope manufacturer, then Yasheng Metal Products is the best choice! Get 100% quality products prepared by solid technical strength and professional service team.Chongqing Geyo Machinery corporation

Geyo Machinery corporation a reliable manufacturing company that focuses on research, production, sales, and service of high-quality products. Mainly engaged in manufacturing wire rope, wire rope slings, tamping rammer, power trowel, scarifying machine, etc. They have their own advanced production facilities, expert technical team, and a professional quality control team.SHANGHAIMETAL

Started in the year 1980, SHANGHAIMETAL is a premier wire rope provider. Together with a team of experts, innovative machinery, and dedicated workers, they guarantee absolute customer satisfaction. Shanghai Metal is always passionate about working and supplying excellent services to clients throughout the world. All their products are manufactured with high-quality at a reasonable cost.Huazhuo HD Machinery

Established in 1958, Qingdao Huazhuo HD Machinery Co., Ltd. is a trusted wire rope manufacturer with a profound experience, strong workmanship, and professional service team that ensures the best product at best price offer to clients around the world. A leading supplier of high-standard wire rope, rigging hardware, marine hardware, chain, lifting tools, and other high-grade metal products.

Xinghua City Guangtong Metal Products Factory is a stainless steel wire rope and stainless steel cable supporting rigging products and other professional production and research and development of high-quality manufacturers. The company was founded in 2005,has advanced production equipment,complete testing equipment and strong technical force. The company mainly produces high-quality stainless steel wire rope,coated steel wire rope(PVC,TPU,PP),stainless steel wire rope,jump rope,climbing steel wire rope,new invisible protection mesh steel wire rope,water proof corro

Wire ropes are largely used in marine environment or for rigging purposes. They receive considerable loads and thus suffer a great deal of mechanical damage throughout their service life. Moreover, research has shown that the major cause of wire rope failure is excessive deterioration and corrosion, lack of maintenance and inspection, and wrong usage resulting in early discarding, reduced safety and replacement cost increase.

Sometimes damage can be easily detected, while in other cases fractured wires may occur on the inside. Hence, wire ropes should be inspected and maintained by the right person (competent person assigned by the company), to assure they’re in perfect condition. Regular inspectionsensure high rope performance, long service lifetime , safety of personnel and equipment, and reduced operating costs.

All ropes (synthetic, high modulus and wire ropes) should be inspected before and after an operation. This guideline ensures maximum safety for both a ship’s personnel and equipment. Even though it’s difficult to determine the exact service life span of ropes, there is a way to have a more precise estimation about their efficient lifecycle. Calculating the exact time ropes have been in use (e.g mooring time, mooring conditions, weather and tidal conditions) is the answer. All in all, rope inspections should occur at least once a year.

Inspecting wire ropes in particular, comes with great responsibility. Inspection results should be recorded, and any defects noticed have to be reported and addressed properly. Some defects can be repaired, while in some cases replacing a wire rope is inevitable.

Periodical inspections ofvessel deck equipment is also crucial for maintaining the good condition of wire ropes. The condition of the drum, chocks, bitts, rollers, sheaves, cable clamps and other end fittings, affect the rope’s performance, threads and cords. Make sure to mark these parts during your overall inspection.

In order to help marine officers and staff conduct successful wire rope inspections – and keep an up-to-date record of them – we have created an inspection solution that helps in maintaining and monitoring a ship’s ropes and deck equipment.

When calculating mass using F = Minimum Breaking Force, according to the wire rope’s diameter, you can determine the Minimum Breaking Massand therefore the wire’s max strength. When calculating mass using F = Safe Load according to the wire rope’s diameter, you can determine the Safe Load Mass,which is the advised load for this rope diameter.

The strands of a wire rope absorb the majority of the tensile force applied on the rope. Their design and manufacturing standards affect the level of fatigue resistance and resistance to abrasion. An easy way to understand which rope design is suitable for each purpose, is the wire rope classification.

Wire ropes are classified according to the number of strands in each construction and the number of wires in each strand. For example, a classification of 6X19 means that a wire rope of this type always has six strands, but its wires could be 15-26 per strand. This is because 19 is not the exact number of wires, but the classification of a wire number range.

Visual inspections are a common and fast way to assess wire rope condition. Both the standard and rotation resistant wire rope inspectionprocesscomply with the same four steps of examination. A ship’s crew can perform them as follows:

Steel wire rope distortion is obvious in most cases and can easily be identified by the inspector or the ship‘s crew. It usually occurs if load is suddenly applied or abruptly released (shock loading), or even if swift torque is forcefully induced.

Although not all of these deformations make the rope absolutely dangerous to use, they all may cause ropes to wear unevenly in time. This means inspections should take place more often, and distorted ropes should be handled with caution.

The rag and visual inspection is a good method for regular inspection intervals. The inspector pulls a rag along the rope trying to find broken wire cords. If the rug gets snagged by the rope, the inspector has to stop and assess the wire rope’s condition. Extreme caution should be exercised during the visual inspection, and under no circumstances should this method be the only one used to inspect wire ropes.

Tip: When you encounter a protruding wire end, bend it back and forth manually, until it separates from the wire. This will protect neighboring wires from wearing out.

Diameter reduction is a critical factor in steel wire rope wear and if not properly taken care of, it can result in rope breakage. Excessive abrasion, loss of core mass, corrosion or inner wire failure are all factors that contribute to diameter reduction.

To get an accurate measurement of the rope’s diameter, measure the rope at three different points at least 5 feet apart. Take the average of these three measurements to determine the true diameter.

Any measurements showing a reduction of ⅓ or more, indicate that a replacement should follow without delay. A diameter reduction of less than 1/3 still requires attention, and the inspector or the ship’s crew should be on guard in the next scheduled wire rope inspection.

Failure from abrasion or corrosion is a result of deficient deck equipment inspection or insufficient wire rope lubrication respectively. Internal corrosive damage is more difficult to identify than any other types of degradation. In most cases, the damage has progressed more than the external signs suggest.

Wire rope storage plays a significant role in the rope’s operation life.Wire rope corrosion and pitting can be avoided if ropes are safely stored in a clean, cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Steel wire ropes should not by any means rest on the floor, and should be protected from water, dust or any chemical fumes. Long term storage requires periodic greasing, turning the reel upside down for preventing grease dripping and possibly re-winding to another reel with larger inner tube diameter.

Wire ropes should be maintained with periodical lubrication. In order to prevent internal corrosion, a pressure lubricator is suggested to be used. In this case, a small amount of grease is used to lubricate the rope internally, while the deck stays grease-clean. Pressure lubricators clean the rope before they grease it so that the new grease enters a clean rope. The type of grease used is very important for maximum protection and greasing efficiency.

Steel wire ropes exposed to dirt, grime and other contaminants, have to be cleaned with a wire brush and petroleum (unless a pressure lubricator is used). Optimal cleaning of wire ropes can extend their service life and guarantee safe operations.

The reeling process is of high importance for the longevity of wire ropes. To protect them from being damaged, it is important that the surface of the drum is clean, smooth and dry. Improper reeling may cause wire-rope strands to spread or get flattened, when in contact with one another, as successive layers are being spooled and upper layers apply pressure on the lower ones.

Katradis S.A. offers a wide range of top quality wire ropes for shipping (mooring and hoisting operations), fishing and construction purposes. Our wire ropes have greater resistance to fatigue, and they distribute tension force equally among the rope strands. They are less likely to kink, providing higher staff safety and assuring operation success.

It is the goal of LKS Wire Rope to provide manufactured rigging products and hardware which are competitively priced and delivered on time with zero defects at quality and service levels that are consistent with the expectations of our customers. We fully understand that to do so is good business. The success of LKS Wire Rope depends on our commitment to associate involvement, continual improvement, and improved business performance goals.

Steel wire rope sleeve ring, which can also be called the heart ring, it is a kind of lifting machinery. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of heavy industry hoisting. Then the following is a brief introduction of its inspection standards by Piner superior industrial equipment, so that we can understand, and at the same time, but also can increase their own knowledge of steel wire rope.

(1) steel wire rope sleeve ring, the first inspection before leaving the factory, inspection qualified to leave the factory, otherwise can not. In addition, for the inspection of qualified products, also should be attached to the product quality certificate.

(a) Original crane/derrick wire rope and replacement wire rope must be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of this section. Selection of replacement wire rope must be in accordance with the recommendations of the wire rope manufacturer, the crane/derrick manufacturer, or a qualified person.

(b) Wire rope design criteria: Wire rope (other than rotation resistant rope) must comply with either Option (1) or Option (2) of this section, as follows:

(ii) Option (2). Wire rope must be designed to have, in relation to the crane"s/derrick"s rated capacity, a sufficient minimum breaking force and design factor so that compliance with the applicable inspection provisions in this section will be an effective means of preventing sudden rope failure.

Type I rotation resistant wire rope (Type I). Type I rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have little or no tendency to rotate or, if guided, transmits little or no torque. It has at least 15 outer strands and comprises an assembly of at least 3 layers of strands laid helically over a center in two operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type II rotation resistant wire rope (Type II). Type II rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have resistance to rotation. It has at least 10 outer strands and comprises an assembly of two or more layers of strands laid helically over a center in two or 3 operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type III rotation resistant wire rope (Type III). Type III rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have limited resistance to rotation. It has no more than 9 outer strands, and comprises an assembly of two layers of strands laid helically over a center in two operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

(C) Type I must have an operating design factor of no less than 5, except where the wire rope manufacturer and the crane/derrick manufacturer approves the design factor, in writing.

(A) A qualified person must inspect the rope in accordance with subsection (2)(a) of this section. The rope must be used only if the qualified person determines that there are no deficiencies constituting a hazard. In making this determination, more than one broken wire in any one rope lay must be considered a hazard.

(C) Each lift made under these provisions must be recorded in the monthly and annual inspection documents. Such prior uses must be considered by the qualified person in determining whether to use the rope again.

(B) Rotation resistant ropes may be used as boom hoist reeving when load hoists are used as boom hoists for attachments such as luffing attachments or boom and mast attachment systems. Under these conditions, all of the following requirements must be met:

(III) The requirements of ANSI/ASME B30.5-2007, Section 5-1.3.2(a), (a)(2) through (a)(4), (b) and (d), except that the minimum pitch diameter for sheaves used in multiple rope reeving is 18 times the nominal diameter of the rope used instead of the value of 16 specified in Section 5-1.3.2(d).

(IV) All sheaves used in the boom hoist reeving system must have a rope pitch diameter of not less than 18 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.

(VI) The operating design factor for these ropes must be the total minimum breaking force of all parts of rope in the system divided by the load imposed on the rope system when supporting the static weights of the structure and the load within the crane"s/derrick"s rated capacity.

(f) Wire rope clips used in conjunction with wedge sockets must be attached to the unloaded dead end of the rope only, except that the use of devices specifically designed for dead-ending rope in a wedge socket is permitted.

(h) Prior to cutting a wire rope, seizings must be placed on each side of the point to be cut. The length and number of seizings must be in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer"s instructions.

(i) A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the crane/derrick is used, which must be completed before or during that shift. The inspection must consist of observation of accessible wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use during the shift for apparent deficiencies, including those listed in (a)(ii) of this subsection. Untwisting (opening) of wire rope or booming down is not required as part of this inspection.

(I) Distortion of the wire rope structure such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, signs of core failure or steel core protrusion between the outer strands.

(I) Visibly broken wires in running wire ropes: 6 randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or 3 broken wires in one strand in one rope lay, where a rope lay is the length along the rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope;

(II) Visibly broken wires in rotation resistant ropes: Two randomly distributed broken wires in 6 rope diameters or 4 randomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters;

(III) Visibly broken wires in pendants or standing wire ropes: More than two broken wires in one rope lay located in rope beyond end connections and/or more than one broken wire at an end connection; and

(A) If a deficiency in Category I is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. If the deficiency is determined to constitute a safety hazard, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

(II) If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by removing the damaged section of the wire rope; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this subsection, you must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

(I) You comply with the wire rope manufacturer"s established criterion for removal from service or a different criterion that the wire rope manufacturer has approved in writing for that specific wire rope;

(C) If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this subsection, you must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position. If a deficiency in category III is identified, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

(II) If the deficiency (other than power line contact) is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. Repair of wire rope that contacted an energized power line is also prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this subsection, you must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

(D) Where a wire rope is required to be removed from service under this section, either the crane/derrick (as a whole) or the hoist with that wire rope must be tagged-out, in accordance with WAC 296-155-53400(67), until the wire rope is repaired or replaced.

(ii) The inspection must include any deficiencies that the qualified person who conducts the annual inspection determines under (c)(iii) of this subsection must be monitored.

(iii) Wire ropes on a crane/derrick must not be used until an inspection under this subsection demonstrates that no corrective action under (a)(iii) of this subsection is required.

(i) At least every 12 months, wire ropes in use on the crane/derrick must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with (a) of this subsection (shift inspection).

(B) The inspection must be complete and thorough, covering the surface of the entire length of the wire ropes, with particular attention given to all of the following:

(C) Exception: In the event an inspection under (c)(ii) of this subsection is not feasible due to existing set-up and configuration of the crane/derrick (such as where an assist crane is needed) or due to site conditions (such as a dense urban setting). The inspection must consist of observation of the working range plus 3 additional wraps (running and standing) prior to use.

(II) If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this subsection, you must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

(B) If the qualified person determines that, though not presently a safety hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, you must ensure that the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections.

(3) All documents produced under this section must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections under this section.

(a) Wire rope slings must be made from new or unused regular lay wire rope. The wire rope must be manufactured and tested in accordance with ASTM A 1023-02 and ASTM A 586.

(f) Wire rope clips, if used, must be installed and maintained in accordance with the recommendations of the clip manufacturer or a qualified person, or in accordance with the provisions of ASME B30.26-2010.

(g) You must not use slings made with wire rope clips as a choker hitch.Note:If using wire rope clips under these conditions, follow the guidance given in Table 5.

Number, Torque Values, and Turn Back Requirements for U-Bolt Wire Rope ClipsNumber, Torque Values, and Turn Back Requirements for Double Saddle (Fist Grip) Wire Rope Clips

•Slings made of rope with 6x19 and 6x36 classification.A minimum clear length of rope 10 times the rope diameter between splices, sleeves, or end fittings (see Figure 4, Minimum Sling Length) unless approved by a qualified person.

•Braided slings.A minimum clear length of rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end fittings (see Figure 5, Minimum Braided Sling Length) unless approved by a qualified person.

(3) Identification information. All wire rope slings must have legible identification information attached to the sling which includes the information below, see sample tag in Figure 6. For slings in use that are manufactured before the effective date of this rule, the information below must be added before use or at the time the periodic inspection is completed.

Sample Wire Rope Sling ID TagNote:Sample tag for a 1/2" single-leg sling 6x19 or 6x36 classification, extra improved plow steel (EIPS) grade fiber core (FC) wire rope with a mechanical splice (ton = 2,000 lb).

(c) For single- or multiple-leg slings and endless slings, each leg must be proof loaded according to the requirements listed in Table 8 based on fabrication method. The proof load test must not exceed 50% of the component ropes" or structural strands" minimum breaking strength;

Note: For mechanical splice, swaged socket and poured socket slings follow the rope manufacturer"s recommendations for proof load testing provided that it is within the above-specified proof load range, including (c) of this subsection.

(a) You must use wire rope slings within the rated loads shown in Tables 7 through 15 in ASME B30.9-2010. For angles that are not shown in these tables, either use the rated load for the next lower angle or have a qualified person calculate the rated load.

(iii) You must keep a record of the most recent periodic inspection available, including the condition of the sling.Note:An external code mark on the sling is an acceptable means of recording the inspection as long as the code can be traced back to a record.

(e) You must decrease the rated load of the sling when D/d ratios (Figure 8) smaller than 25 to one. Consult the sling manufacturer for specific data or refer to the Wire Rope Sling User"s Manual (wire rope technical board).

Tianjin Goldsun Wire Rope Limited (the〝Goldsun〞) is a specialist manufacturer of elevator ropes that is venture between by Hong Kong Publicly Listed Company, Golik Holdings Limited and Tianjin Metallurgy Group Co., Limited, a Top 500 manufacturing enterprise in China. The company pioneered the development and manufacture of wire ropes in China and today distinguishes itself as the market leader in the industry in the manufacture and supply of wire rope products and OEM elevator ropes.

Formed in January 2002, Goldsun perpetuates the beliefs of the importance of quality management, innovation, technical and quality excellence, product leadership, and people development in our pursuit to grow and reach out to more customers. In 2010, Goldsun’s “Three Stage” development strategy guided the investment to build a new RMB150 million state-of-the-art manufacturing facility that is capable of 40,000 tonnes annual output of high-quality and specialized wire ropes. Production began in April 2011 and has enabled the company to deliver better products to our customers at an even higher level of customer experience and satisfaction. Along with an in-house research and development (R&D) unit, the facility at present is equipped with advanced SKET pre-stretch closers, double twist bunchers, sisal core machines, in addition to well over 300 sets of leading domestic surface cleaning, wire drawing, heat treatment, stranding, closing and fatigue testing equipment to place Goldsun as one of the world’s largest integrated single product manufacturer and supplier of its category.

The future and long-term orientation culture ofGoldsun to invest in R&D, technology and in developing the competence of our people in various capacities and across specialist disciplines had allowed us to produce the widest range of elevator ropes in the world that meets customer requirements and complies with OTIS, Japanese and International standards.

In addition to being ISO9001:2000 and Otis Q-Plus certified, Goldsun had also achieved the Korean KTL Production Certification and was first in China to pass fatigue tests conducted at Otis HQ’s Farmington Engineering Test Centre. In 2004,Goldsun supplied the special high speed elevator ropes for the Guinness World Record Zhangjiajie Bailong Elevator which remains in active use today and is highly commended. Furthermore, multiple accolades in product quality excellence was earned numerous times including the National Golden Cup Award, the prestigious designation as the nation’s Top 10 enterprise brand satisfaction survey in 2006, and for five consecutive times over a period of fifteen year, laurels in product and after-sale service excellence by the China Quality Association Users Committee and National Construction Machinery Equipment Users Committee.

At the heart of Goldsun’s world-class capabilities in R&D, design and manufacture are bespoke services and solutions for our customers starting from application selection through to installation and maintenance. Our wide selection of products and our network of service centers in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing, Suzhou and Chengdu give us the ability to offer customers timely services in cut-to-length orders, packaging and distribution; and make Goldsun the top supplier of elevator ropes in China for many years running. Goldsun is also the qualified supplier for companies like OTIS, Hitachi, Toshiba, Yongtay, Tissen, and etcetera.

Wire ropes are structural components made of twisted wire that are widely employed in diverse areas. The safe usage of wire ropes is directly related to the production lifetime and personnel safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an online detection and quantitative inspection system for wire ropes [1]. ElectroMagnetic Testing (EMT), the advantages of which include low cost, high reliability, and suitability for online detection of wire rope, has been widely used in wire rope application. EMTs include eddy current testing, magnetic particle testing, Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) detection, magnetic memory detection, microwave detection, and other methods. Among these, the MFL method can detect the surface and internal defects of wire rope, and has been greatly developed for its simple structure and portability [2].

In a traditional MFL detection, wire rope is magnetized to saturation, after which a magnetic probe is used to measure the MFL distribution. According to the form of the magnetic field source, there are two techniques: coil magnetization [3,4] and permanent magnet magnetization [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Singh [3] designed a magnetized device consisting of a variable-current saddle-shaped coil. This apparatus can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current, but the device cannot be continuously used for the massive heating of the coil. Jomdecha et al. [4] improved a coil device of solenoid structure instead of traditional coil magnetizer. The magnetic field strength can be adjusted by changing the magnetizing current or magnetizing coil number. The multiple symmetrical yoke structures were composed of circumferentially distributed wire rope to magnetize its uniform saturation [5,6,7,8]. Wang et al. [9] considered the effects of different lift-off distances on detection accuracy during the magnetization process, and proposed an improved magnetization device. Xu et al. [11] used the finite element analysis method to optimize the structure of the excitation device, which was then validated by the experiment.

In a testing system, the magnetic field is converted into an electrical signal by a magnetic-to-electric convertor, such as an induction coil, a fluxgate, a Hall element, or a magnetoresistive sensor. Cao [12] proposed a detection device based on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) split differential coil, obtaining a sum of MFL circumferential distribution signals. The device is useful for a certain span in the axial direction of the wire rope, but it is not sensitive to small width defects and circumferential defect information. Jomdecha et al. [4] improved the traditional induction coil by designing an induction coil array, with coils arranged on the circumferential wire rope. This system solved the problem of MFL circumferential information loss. Zhao et al. [13] designed a detection device in which 30 Hall sensors evenly surround the circumferential wire rope. This device can effectively obtain the information of the circumferential MFL distribution, but the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the collected signal is low. Peterka et al. [14] presented the results obtained by tracking the magnetic flux around the cable end and the signal runs from a particular design. Additionally, they investigated scanning elements placed above artificial defects created close to the cable end.

The signal that is collected by magnetic sensors contains ample background noise, so it is necessary to filter system noise. Cao et al. [12] proposed an algorithm for adaptive parameter spatial notch filtering to suppress strand wave, and the wavelet packet was used to filter out the high-frequency random noise. Zhang et al. [15,16] used the wavelet based on compressed sensing to denoise the strand wave and high-frequency noise, and then further proposed a channel-balance method based on the Hilbert-Huang transformation. Zhang et al. [17] used a spatial filter to reduce noise and smoothen the defect image. Zhang et al. [18] pretreated the MFL grayscale and effectively suppressed the noise interference. Tian et al. [19] combined the wavelet transform and the morphological transform to create a morphological filter algorithm that suppressed the interference associated with the baseline drift in the wire rope signal.

There are some problems among the existing MFL methods for defect detection in wire ropes:the excitation devices are cumbersome and inconvenient, the defect cannot be positioned in the circumferential direction, the wire rope is magnetized unevenly, and the SNR is low. A device to detect wire rope surface remanence strength was designed to solve these problems, and this solution is described in this paper. The wire rope was magnetized by permanent magnets, and the MFL information of the wire rope surface was collected after magnetization with giant magnetoresistive sensors, arranged evenly around the circumference of the wire rope. A wavelet filtering method based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) was used to denoise the original signal. The two-dimensional defect signal was processed and analyzed by digital image technology. To achieve quantitative classification, the defect image characteristics were extracted to express the MFL distribution information. The processing data were normalized to obtain the MFL grayscale image. The cubic spline interpolation was used to improve the circumferential resolution. The method of modulus maxima was used to locate and segment defects from the MFL image. The wavelet super-resolution reconstruction method was used to improve the resolution of the segmented image. Image descriptions of area, rectangle, elongation, and seven invariant moments were extracted as the feature vector of the defect, which was the input of a Back Propagation (BP) neural network, used to classify the defects.

Crane inspection protocols that are clear, systematic, and precise ensure not just the quality of the equipment, but worker safety as well. It is also essential that only highly qualified inspectors should carry out the inspection processes to maintain integrity and accuracy of the results.

InTouch thoroughly considers every detail of your requirement in drawing up the right protocols. It uses the most updated international standards and practices in all of its inspection checklists. Here are some of the crane inspection protocols that InTouch uses:

Hook Materials – Verify that metals used for the manufacture of hooks have the required ductility. This test shall ensure that crane hook does not break midair that could lead to fatalities or damage of property.

Coating Materials - Verify that the types and grades of coating materials such as paints, fiberglass, and carbon fibers are the same with those on contract. This ensures that the equipment is properly protected from corrosion.

Reeving Accessories – Check that wire rope clips, eye splices, and socket fittings are constructed and installed in accordance with standard practices or contract specifications.

Sheaves Inspection – Check that sheaves are free from any form of damage that in turn may cause damage to ropes, and verify that sheave bearings are properly lubricated to negate the damaging effects of friction. Verify that sheave sizes do not fall below standard specifications in relation to the nominal sizes of ropes used.

These are just some of the crane inspection protocols applicable to limited types of cranes. To know more about the protocols suitable to your crane equipment, send InTouch the details of your inspection needs.