chapter 4 power tools and equipment answers pricelist

After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Air Compressor List the most commonly used power tools and An air compressor is the source of compressed air equipment. for an automotive service facility. Look at Figure 4-1. An Describe the uses for power tools and equipment. air compressor normally has an electric motor that spins Explain the advantages of one type of tool over an air pump. The air pump forces air into a large, metal another. storage tank. The air compressor turns on and off auto- Explain safety rules that pertain to power tools matically to maintain a preset pressure in the system. Metal air lines feed out from the tank to several locations and equipment. in the shop. Technicians can then connect their flexible Correctly answer ASE certification test questions air hoses to the metal lines. that require a knowledge of power tools and equipment. Warning! Shop air pressure usually ranges from 100- 150 psi (689-1034 kPa). This is enough pres- To be a productive technician in today"s automotive sure to kill or severely injure a person. Respectservice facility, you must know when and how to use shop air pressure!power tools and equipment. Power tools are tools drivenby compressed air, electricity, or pressurized liquid. They Air Hosesmake many repair operations easier and quicker. Largeshop tools, such as floor jacks, parts cleaning tanks, and Flexible, high-pressure air hoses are connected to thesteam cleaners, are called shop equipment. metal lines from the air compressor. These hoses allow This chapter discusses properly selecting and using the technician to take a source of air pressure to thecommon power tools and shop equipment. They can be vehicle being repaired. Quick-disconnect couplings arevery dangerous if misused. Always follow the operating used to connect air hoses and air tools to the compressedinstructions for the particular tool or piece of equipment air system without using a wrench. To join or separate abefore use. If in doubt, ask your instructor for a demon-" quick-disconnect coupling, pull back on the coupling"sstration. Specialized power tools and equipment are cov- outer sleeve with finger pressure. With the sleeve pulledered in later chapters. Refer to the index to find more back, you can push the coupling together or pull it apart.information 011 them as needed.

Other ComponentsCompressed-Air System A pressure regulator is used to set a specific pres- The components of a compressed-air system include sure in the compressed-air system. This pressure is oftenan air compressor, air lines, air hoses, and air tools. In called shop pressure. In most cases, shop pressure isaddition, a pressure regulator, filter, and lubricator may between 100 and 150 pounds per square inch (psi). Abe attached to the system. Air tools are driven by the filter may be connected to the system. The filter removescompressed-air system. Air-powered tools can be found water from the compressed air. This increases the life ofin nearly every service facility. air tools. In addition, a lubricator may also be connected

Air Tools Air tools use the energy of compressed air for opera-tion. They are also called pneumatic tools. Air tools arelabor-saving devices and well worth" their cost. Alwayslubricate an air tool before and after use. While pressingthe air tool"s trigger, squirt a few drops of air tool oil intothe tool"s air inlet fitting. Not only will the oil protect theinternal parts of the tool during use, but it will also pre-vent the internal parts from rusting during storage. A

Air Wrenches Air wrenches, or impact wrenches, provide a veryfast means of installing or removing threaded fasteners.Look at Figure 4-2A. An impact wrench uses com~pressed air to rotate a driving head. The driving headholds a special impact socket. B Impact wrenches come in 3/8//, 1/2"/, and 3/4/1 drivesizes. A 3/8/1 drive impact is ideal for small fasteners, Figure 4-2. A-1/2" drive impact wrench. B-3/8" drive airsuch as 1/4//-9/16/1 bolts. A 1/2/1 drive is for general pur- ratchet. (Snap-on Tool Corp.)pose use with medium to large fasteners, such as 1/2//- r/bolts. The 3/4// drive impact is for extremely large fas-teners. It is not commonly used in automotive service. A Caution!button or switch on the impact wrench controls the direc- Until you become familiar with the operation oftion of rotation. In one position, the impact wrench an air wrench, be careful not to overtightentightens the fastener. With the switch in the other posi- bolts and nuts or leave them too loose. It is easytion, the wrench loosens the fastener. to strip or break fasteners with an air tool. Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 49

Air Ratchet hammering attachments are available. Be sure to select the correct one for the job. An air ratchet is a special impact wrench designedfor working in limited space. Look at Figure 4-2B. For Warning! Never turn an air hammer on unless the toolinstance, an air ratchet is commonly used when removingwater pumps. It will fit between the radiator and engine head is pressed tightly against the workpiece.easily. It works in much the same way as a hand-tool Otherwise, the tool head can fly out of theratchet. An air ratchet normally has a 3/811 drive. hammer with great force, as if shot from a gun!However, it does not have very much turning power.Final tightening and initial loosening must be done with Blowgunhand tools. An air-powered blowgun is commonly used to dry and clean parts washed in solvent. It is also used to blowImpact Sockets and Extensions dust and loose dirt from parts before or during dis- Special impact sockets and impact extensions must assembly. See Figure 4-4A.be used with air wrenches. These are case hardened, When using a blowgun, wear eye protection. Directthicker, and much stronger than conventional sockets and the blast of air away from yourself and others. Do notextensions. A conventional socket can be ruined or blow brake and clutch pmts clean. The dust from thesebroken by the hammering blows of an impact wrench. parts may contain asbestos. Asbestos is a cancer-causingImpact sockets and extensions are easily identified substance. Another type of blowgun is a solvent gun,because they are flat black, not chrome. Figure 4-4B. It can be used to wash parts that will not fit into a cleaning tank.A.~ Caution! Know when and when not to use power tools. In most situations, power tools will speed up your wo~k. However, there are many times when they should not be used. For example, never use an impact wrench in place of a torque wrench. An impact wrench will not torque crit- ical fasteners to their correct specification. Problems and comebacks will result.

Air Drill An air drill is excellent for many repairs because ofits power output and speed adjustment capabilities. Itspower and rotating speed can be set to match the job athand. Look at Figure 4-5. With the right attachments, airdrills can drill holes, grind, polish, and clean parts. A rotary brush is used in an air or electric drill forrapid cleaning of parts, Figure 4-6. It can quickly removeold gasket material, carbon deposits, and rust with a min-imum amount of effort. An abrasive pad is another type of cleaning tool thatcan be used in an air or electric drill. It is used for Figure 4-7. This die grinder is equipped with a high-speedremoving old gasket material. It has the advantage of not stone. This tool is used for removing burrs and for otherscratching aluminum like a rotary brush can. smoothing operations. Here, the technician is making minor repairs to a damaged cylinder head combustion chamber. A rotary file, or stone, can be used in an air drill,electric drill, or air (die) grinder, Figure 4-7. It is handyfor removing metal burrs and nicks. Make sure the stoneis not turned too fast by the air tool. Normally, the max- Electric Toolsimum speed is printed on the file or stone container. There are many electric tools that can be useful to a Warning! technician. Some of these tools, such as a drill press or Use a high-speed rotary brush in an air drill. A grinder, may be fixed to the floor or a bench. Other tools, brush designed for an electric drill may fly such as a drill, are portable and can be taken to the job site. apart. To be safe, always adjust an air drill to the slowest acceptable speed when using a - Bench Grinder rotary brush. Also, always wear eye protection. A bench grinder can be used for grinding, cleaning, or polishing operations, Figure 4·8. A bench grinder usually has two wheels-a grinding wheel and a wire wheel. The hard, abrasive grinding wheel is used for sharpening and deburring. The soft wire wheel is used for cleaning and polishing. A few bench grinder rules to follow are: • Always wear eye protection and keep your hands away from the wheel. • Make sure the grinder shields are in place.

Drills Drills are used to create holes in metal and plasticFigure 4·6. A rotary brush is commonly used in a drill for parts. Some drills are portable; others are mounted on acleaning off carbon deposits or old gaskets. Always wear eye workbench or the floor. Drills use different-size bits toprotection. create the size of hole needed. Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 51

Figure 4-10. A key is used to tighten a bit in the chuck.Figure 4-8. The grinding wheelan a bench grinder is used tosharpen tools. The wire wheel can be used to clean and polishsmall parts. Always keep shields, tool rests, and guards in place.

Transmission JackHydraulic Tools Transmission jacks are designed to hold transmis- Hydraulic fools are powered by pressurized liquid. sions and transaxles during removal or installation. OneThe hydraulic tools typically used in the automotive shop type is similar to a floor jack. However, the saddle isinclude jacks, cranes, and presses. These tools are dis- enlarged to fit the bottom of a transmission. Another typecussed in the next sections. of transmission jack is designed to be used when the vehicle is raised on a lift, Figure 4-14. It has a long post that can reach high into the air to support the transmission.Floor Jack A floor jack is used to raise either the front, sides, orrear of a vehicle. Look at Figure 4·13. To avoid vehicledamage, place the jack saddle under a solid part of the carsuch as the frame, suspension arm, or axle housing. If the

Figure 4-14. A transmission jack is designed for holding trans- missions during removal, transporting, and installation. ThisFigure 4-13. A floor jack is for raising the car only. foot-operated, hydraulic stand can be extended to a height(Lincoln Automotive) of 72". (OTC Div. of SPX Corp.) Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 53

Engine Crane , • Warning! A hydraulic press can literally exert tons of A portable engine crane is used to remove and install force. Wear eye protection and use recom-heavy engine assemblies, Figure 4-15. It has a hydraulic mended procedures. Parts can break and fly outhand jack for raising engines and a pressure-release valve with deadly force!for lowering engines. The engine crane is also handy forlifting intake manifolds, cylinder heads, engine blocks,transmissions, transaxles, and other heavy parts. Shop Equipment In addition to pneumatic, hydraulic, and electricHydraulic Press tools, there are various pieces of shop equipment that a technician may find useful. These include tire changers, A hydraulic press is used to install or remove gears, stands, cleaners, welders, lights, and creepers. These arepulleys, bearings, seals, and other parts requiring a high all discussed in the following sections.pushing force. One is shown in Figure 4-16. A hydraulicram extends as the pump handle is worked. The rampresses the parts against a table. Arbor Press An arbor press works like a hydraulic press. However, it is all mechanical. Hydraulic pressure is not used; therefore, the operating pressure is much lower. An arbor press is suited for smaller jobs.

Oxyacetylene Torch An oxyacetylene torch can be used to heat, cut, weld, or braze metal parts, Figure 4-20. The oxy- acetylene setup consists of an oxygen tank, an acetylene tank, pressure regulators, hoses, and a hand-held torch. Tremendous heat is produced by the burning acetylene gas and oxygen. The oxyacetylene cutting torch is often used to remove old, rusted exhaust systems. To use an oxyacetylene cutting torch: 1. Put on all necessary protective gear, including a welding helmet or goggles, welding gloves, and a leather jacket. 2. Inspect the oxyacetylene equipment forFigure 4-18. A cold-solvent tank is used to remove oil and lightgrease from parts. The unit sprays filtered solvent onto parts. damage and make sure all cylinder, regu-Rub the parts with a brush for rapid cleaning. lator, and torch valves are closed. 3. Light the cutting torch according to the manufacturer"s recommendations. 4. With the torch held at a 90° angle to theSteam Cleaner and High-Pressure Washer workpiece, concentrate the flame on the A steam cleaner or high-pressure washer is used to spot where the cut will begin.remove heavy deposits of dirt, grease, and oil from the S. When the spot becomes cherry red, depressoutside of large assemblies, such as engines, transmis- the oxygen cutting lever to begin the cut.sions, and transaxles. Look at Figure 4-19. To help keep 6. Move the torch along the workpiece tothe environment clean, wire brush the item to be cleaned make the cut.and collect oil-soaked dirt before steaming or washing. 7. After making the cut, release the cuttingThen, dispose of the oil-soaked material properly. lever and shut off the torch. Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 55

Pressure regulator Soldering Gun valve Acetylene Oxygen A soldering gun or soldering iron is used to join Hoses wires during electrical repairs, Figure 4-21. An electric current heats the tip of the gun. The hot gun tip is used to heat the wires. Solder is then applied to the hot wires and Tanks it melts. Solder is a lead-tin alloy. When the solder cools, it hardens into a strong, solid connection.A Battery Charger 240 volt electrical A battery charger is used to re-energize a "dead," or outlet discharged, battery. It forces current back into the battery to recharge the plates and battery acid. The red charger lead connects to the positive (+) battery terminal. The black charger lead connects to the negative (-) battery Power switch terminal.

Figure 4-20. A-An oxyacetylene outfit can be used for cuttingor welding metal. B-A basic arc welder. (Sun) ~-)--~~)~ A \ Tip Power cord /

Figure 4-22. A-Droplight. B-Drop or extension cord.C- Three-prong adapter with ground terminal and ground wirefor safety. D-Fluorescent droplight. (Florida Dept. of Voc. Ed.) Figure 4-24. Jumper cables are used for emergency starting. Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 57

Creepers Covers A creeper is useful when working under a car sup- Fender covers are placed over fenders, upper grille,ported on jack stands, Figure 4-25A. It lets the techni- or other body sections to prevent vehicle damage. Theycian easily roll under vehicles without getting dirty. A protect the paint or finish from nicks, scratches, andstool creeper allows the technician to sit while working grease. See Figure 4-27. Never lay tools on a painted sur-on parts that are near the ground. See Figure 4-25B. For face. Costly scratches may result.example, a stool creeper is often used during brake Seat covers are placed over seats to protect themsystem repairs. The brake parts and tools can be placed from dirt, oil, and grease that might be on your workon the creeper. The service technician can sit and still be clothes. These covers should be used while driving theat eye level with the brake assembly. vehicle or while working in the passenger compartment.

Roll-Around Cart Workplace Skills A large roll-around cart or table is handy for taking a Social skills are the techniques you use to conductnumber of tools to the job. One is pictured in Figure 4-26. yourself in such a way that your customers and fellowA technician can quickly place all needed tools in the cart employees like and respect you. Many times, you willand take them to the vehicle. The cart places the tools need the help of another technician to complete a dif-within hand"s reach: This saves time and effort before, ficult task. If your co-workers dislike you, you may haveduring, and after the job. trouble finding help when you need it

Summary • Power tools use electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure (liquid confined under pres- sure). Large shop tools, such as floor jacks, parts cleaning tanks, and steam cleaners, are classified as shop equipment. • An air compressor is the source of compressed (pressurized) air for the auto shop.A B • High-pressure air hoses are connected to the metal lines from the air compressor.Figure 4-25. A-A creeper is for working under a vehicle.S- The stool creeper is commonly used during brake and sus- • Air tools, also called pneumatic tools, use airpension repairs. You can sit on the stool and store tools on the pressure for operation. They are labor-savingbottom. (Snap-on Tool Corp.) tools and are well worth their cost.

Figure 4-26. A roll-around cart allows you to take many tools tothe vehicle. This saves several trips to the toolbox. It also saves Figure 4-27. Always take good care of your customer"s vehicle.time during cleanup at the end of the day. (Snap-on Tool Corp.) Fender covers protect the paint from nicks and dents.58 Section 1 Introduction to Automotive Technology

• Air wrenches, or impact wrenches, provide a very fast means of installing or removing threaded Important Terms fasteners. Power tools Portable electric drills • Special impact sockets and impact extensions Shop equipment Drill press must be used with air wrenches. Air compressor Hydraulic tools Air hoses Floor jack • A blowgun is commonly used to dry and clean Quick -disconnect Transmission jacks parts washed in solvent. connectors Engine crane • An air drill is excellent for many repairs because Pressure regulator Hydraulic press of its power output and speed adjustment Filter Arbor press capabilities. Lubricator Tire changer • A bench grinder can be used for grinding, Air tools Jack stands cleaning, or polishing operations. The hard Air wrenches Engine stand grinding wheel is used for sharpening or debur- Impact wrenches Cold solvent tank ring. The soft wire wheel is for cleaning and Air ratchet Steam cleaner polishing. Impact sockets High-pressure washer • Drill bits, or twist drills, are used to drill holes in Impact extensions Oxyacetylene torch Air hammer Welder metal and plastic parts. Air chisel Soldering gun • A drill bit is mounted in and rotated by a drill. A Blowgun Soldering iron special key is sometimes needed to tighten the drill bit in the drill chuck. . Solvent gun Battery charger Air drill Droplight • A floor jack is used to raise either the front, sides, Rotary brush Pullers or rear of a vehicle. Abrasive pad Jumper cables • A tire changer is a common piece of shop equip- Rotary file Creeper ment used to remove and replace tires on wheels. Stone Stool creeper • Jack stands support a vehicle during repair. After Electric tools Roll-around cart raising a vehicle with a jack, place stands under Bench grinder Fender covers the vehicle. Drill bits Seat covers

• A portable engine crane is used to remove and install engines. Review Questions-Chapter 4 • An engine stand is used to hold an engine while it Please do not write in this text. Place your answers is overhauled (rebuilt) or repaired. on a separate sheet of paper. • A cold solvent tank can be used to remove grease 1. Power tools use __ , , or __ and oil from parts. __ as sources of energy. • An oxyacetylene torch outfit can be used to heat, 2. Which of the following is not a commonly used cut, weld, or braze metal parts. air tool? • A welder is used to melt and fuse metal parts (A) Impact wrench. together. (B) Air ratchet. • A soldering gun or iron is used to solder wires. (C) Air chisel. (D) Air saw. • A battery charger is used to recharge a discharged car battery. 3. A(n) __ is used to blow dirt off parts and to dry parts after cleaning. • A drop light provides a portable source of light. 4. A rotary file is frequently used to remove __ . • Pullers are needed to remove seals, gears, pulleys, (A) old gasket materials steering wheels, axles, and other pressed-on parts. (B) carbon deposits • Jumper cables are used to start engines that have (C) metal burrs and nicks a dead (discharged) battery. (D) None of the above. • Fender covers are placed over the fenders, the 5. List four important rules for a bench grinder. upper grille, or other body sections to protect them. 6. List five important rules for a drill press. Chapter 4 Power Tools and Equipment 59

7. are used to support a vehicle while 6. Each of the following can be used to clean working under it. parts except: (A) Floor jacks (A) air drill. (B) Jack stands (B) blowgun. (C) Transmission jacks (C) air ratchet. (D) Bumper jacks (D) bench grinder. 8. Explain the use of a solvent tank. 7. Which of the following is not a rule to follow9. What are wheel pullers for? when using a bench grinder?10. A 1/2" drive impact wrench is used for fasteners (A) Wear eye protection. with head sizes between 1/2" to 1". Which of the (B) Make sure shields are in place. following sockets can be used by this particular (C) Use the wire wheel to clean soft metal tool? parts. (A) 5/8" chrome plated socket. (D) Keep the tool rest adjusted close to the (B) 9/16" flat black socket. stone and brush. (C) 7/16" flat black socket. 8. When using a drill press, Technician A (D) None of the above. believes drilling pressure should not be released until the bit breaks completely through the bottom of the part. Technician B ASE- Type Questions believes pressure release should occur just before the bit breaks through. Who is right? 1. Power tools are tools that use: (A) A only. (A) electricity. (B) B only. (B) hydraulics. (C) Both A and B. (C) compressed air. (D) Neither A nor B. (D) All of the above. 9. After using a floor jack to raise the front of a 2. Technician A says that shop air pressure is usu- car: ally around 100 to 150 psi. Technician B says (A) place the car in park. shop air pressure is much higher, around (B) block the car"s wheels. 300 psi. Who is correct? (C) secure the car on jack stands. (A) A only. (D) All of the above. (B) B only. 10. The __ press performs the same function as (C) Both A and B. a hydraulic press, but at lower pressures. (D) Neither A nor B. (A) arbor 3. Which of the following IS not a common (B) steam impact wrench drive size? (C) rotary (A) 1/4". (D) ratchet (B) 3/8". (C) 1/2". (D) 3/4". Activities for Chapter 44. Technician A says to use a 1/4" drive on sockets from 1/4" to 9/16". Technician B says to use a 1. Using an automotive tool catalog, develop a list 3/8" drive on these socket sizes. Who is correct? of power tools needed to equip your school"s (A) A only. automotive repair shop. Find prices and add up (B) B only. the cost. (C) Both A and B. 2. Research safety literature on power equipment (D) Neither A nor B. used in an automotive repair facility. 5. Special impact sockets and extensions are (A) Develop a bibliography of resources for easily identified because they are: safe use of power equipment. (A) chrome. (B) Develop a list of safety rules for their use. (B) aluminum. (C) flat black. (D) hard rubber.

Keep tools organizedA technician has hundreds of different tools. For the tools to be locatedquickly, they should be neatly arranged. Thereshould be a place for every tool, and every toolshould be in its place. If tools are just thrown intothe toolbox, time and effort are wasted "diggingand searching" instead of fixing the vehicle.

Keep tools cleanWipe tools clean and dry aftereach use. A greasy or oily tool can be dangerous!It is very easy to lose a grip on a dirty tool, cutting or breaking a finger or hand.

Use the right tool for the jobEven though several different tools may be used to loosen a bolt,usually one will do a better job. It may be faster,grip the bolt better, be less likely to break, orrequire less physical effort. A good technicianknows when, where, and why a particular toolwill work better than another. Keep this in mindas you study automotive tools.

Select the right tool for a given job.Maintain and store tools properly.Use hand tools safely.Correctly answer ASE certification test questionsreferring to hand tools.Professional auto technicians invest thousands ofdollars on tools, and for good reason. It is almost impossible to do even the simplest auto repair without usingsome type of tool. Tools serve as extensions to parts ofthe human body. They increase the physical abilities offingers, hands, arms, legs, eyes, ears, and back. A wellselected set of tools speeds up repairs, improves workquality, and increases profits.This chapter will cover the basic hand tools commonly used in the shop. Specialized hand tools are covered in later chapters. Use the index to locate these toolsas needed.

Tech Tip!The time spent maintaining your tools andtoolbox is time well spent. Well-organizedtools will save time on each job and help youget more work done. Unorganized or poorlymaintained tools will hurt your on-the-jobperformance.

Tech Tip!It is very frustrating trying to fix a vehicle withoutthe right tools. It can be like trying to "fight aforest fire with a squirt gun"impossible!Invest in a complete set of quality tools.

Purchase quality toolsWith tools, you usuallyget what you pay for. Quality tools are lighter,stronger, easier to use, and more dependable thanoff-brand, bargain tools. Many manufacturers ofquality tools provide guarantees. Some are forthe lifetime of the tool. If the tool fails, the

Tool StorageA toolbox stores and protects a technician"s toolswhen not in use. There are three basic parts to a typicaltoolbox, Figure 3-1. These include:

The lower roll-around cabinet holds the bulky,heavy tools. Large power tools are normally kept in thispart of the box. Extra storage compartments can bebolted to the sides of the roll-around cabinet.Commonly used tools are normally placed in theupper tool chest. Being near eye level, tools can be easilyseen and reached without bending. This saves time andenergy, and increases production.The small carrying (tote) tray is for holding frequently used tools that are carried to the job. For example,if a technician frequently does brake repairs, all the special brake tools can be kept in the tray and taken to thevehicle more easily.

Toolbox OrganizationRelated tools are normally kept in the same toolboxdrawer. For example, various types of hammers may bestored in one drawer and all screwdrivers in another. Smallor delicate tools should not be kept with large, heavy toolsto prevent damage. Tool holders help organize small tools.These include small clip or magnetic racks, cloth or plasticpouches, or socket trays. They are often used to protecttools and to keep them organized by size. Holders alsoallow a full set of tools to be taken to the job.

Line WrenchesA line wrench, also called a tubing wrench or flarenut wrench, is a box-end wrench with a small opening orsplit in the jaw, Figure 3-4D. The opening allows thewrench to be slipped over fuel lines, brake lines, or powersteering lines and onto the fitting nut. A line wrench prevents damage to soft fittings.

Socket HandlesSocket handles fit into the square opening in the topof the socket. Several types are shown in Figure 3-7. Aratchet is the most commonly used and versatile sockethandle. It has a small lever that can be moved for eitherloosening or tightening bolts. A flex bar, or breaker bar,is the most powerful and strongest socket handle. Itshould be used when breaking loose large or extremelytight bolts and nuts. A speed handle is the fastest handoperated socket handle. After a bolt is loosened, a speedhandle will rapidly spin out the bolt.Extensions are used between a socket and its handle.See Figure 3-8A. They allow the handle to be placedfarther from the workpiece, giving you room to swingthe handle and turn the fastener. A universal joint is aswivel that lets the socket wrench reach around obstructions, Figure 3-8B. It is used between the socket anddrive handle, with or without an extension. Avoid puttingtoo much bend into a universal joint, or it may bindand break.

impact driver can be used to loosen extremely tightscrews. When struck with a hammer, the driver exertspowerful turning and downward forces. This is shown inFigure 3-12.When selecting a screwdriver, pick one that is wideand thick enough to completely fill the screw slot. If thescrewdriver is too large or too small, damage to thescrewdriver or screw may occur. Most screwdrivers arenot designed to be hammered on or pried with. Onlyheavy-duty screwdrivers with a full shank can withstandlight hammering and prying.

Locking pliers, or vise grips, clamp onto and hold apart, Figure 3-13E. This frees both hands to do othertasks. Because of their clamping power, vise grips cansometimes be used to unscrew fasteners with stripped orrounded heads. However, never use them on undamagednuts or bolts. Snap ring pliers have sharp, pointed tips forinstalling and removing special clips called snap rings. Apair of snap ring pliers is shown in Figure 3-13F.

Use a brass, plastic, or dead blow hammer onparts and tools that can be damaged by a steelhammer. Use a steel hammer only when maximum driving force is required.

round end for shaping metal parts, such as sheet metal orrivet heads.A sledge hammer has a very large head. Figure 3-14B.It is usually the heaviest hammer and produces powerfulblows. A sledge hammer is sometimes used to freefrozen parts.The brass has a soft, heavy head and is usefulwhen scarring the surface of a part must be avoided,Figure 3-14C. The relatively soft head deforms to protectthe part surface from damage.A plastic or rawhide hammer is light and has a softhead. Figure 3-14D. It is used where light blows areneeded to prevent part breakage or damage to surfaces onsmall and delicate parts.A rubber mallet has a head made of solid rubber,Figure 3-14E. It will rebound, or bounce, upon strikingand is not effective on solid metal parts. It is recommended on many sheet metal or plastic parts, such asgarnish molding and wheel covers.A dead blow hammer has a plastic-coated, metalface and is filled with small metal balls called lead shot.The extra weight prevents a rebound of the hammer whenstriking. The plastic coating prevents surface damage.

Figure 3-15. Different chisels and punches. AFlat chisel.BCape chisel. CRound-nose cape chisel. DDiamondpoint chisel. EChisel or punch holder. FCenter punch.GPin punch. HLong, tapered punch. IStarting punch.(Snap-on Tool Corp. and Proto Tools)

There is an old saying, "if you do the job right, youwill spend most of your time cleaning parts." Dirt is amajor enemy of a vehicle. One grain of sand can causea major breakdown by clogging a passage or scarring apart. Cleaning tools, such as scrapers and brushes, helpthe technician remove carbon, rust, dirt, grease, old gaskets, and dried oil from parts.Scrapers remove grease, gaskets, sludge, dried oil, andcarbon on parts. They are used on flat surfaces. Never scrapetoward your body. Keep your other hand out of the way.Brushes are used to remove light rust and dirt on parts. Theyare slow and should be used only when necessary.

Pickup and probing tools are needed when bolts,nuts, or other small parts are dropped and cannot bereached by hand. A magnetic pickup tool is a magnethinged to the end of a rod. It can usually be shortened orlengthened and swiveled to reach into any area. If a ferrous (iron) metal part is dropped, it will be attracted andstick to the magnet. Figure 3-23A.A finger pickup tool grasps nonmagnetic parts(aluminum, plastic, or rubber), which will not stick to amagnet, Figure 3-23B. A mirror probe allows you to

Workplace SkillsA properly designed tool acts as an extension ofyour body or mind. Tools are essential to the repair ofany motor vehicle. For this reason, you should learnabout new tools as they are developed. A good tool isa wise investment that will help you be a more productive, successful technician. To learn more abouttools, you might want to log onto tool manufacturerwebsites, such as www.snapon.com.

Professional auto technicians invest thousands ofdollars in tools. A well-selected set of tools willspeed up repairs, improve work quality, andincrease profits.

Sledge hammerRawhide hammerRubber malletDead blow hammerChiselsPunchesFilesHacksawViseVise capsC-clampStandsHolding fixturesCleaning toolsProbing toolsPry bars

8. When should you use vise caps?9. List and explain four vise rules.10. Which of the following tools should be used toremove old gasket material from a flat surface?(A) Hand scraper.(B) Chisel.(C) Probe.(D) Pry bar.

ActivitiesChapter 31. Collect automotive catalogs and create a list ofhand tools needed to equip an automotive shop.Provide an estimate of what it will cost to purchase the tools.2. Discuss tool safety with your instructor. Preparea list of safety regulations for your shop area.

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:List the most commonly used power tools andequipment.Describe the uses for power tools and equipment.Explain the advantages of one type of tool overanother.Explain safety rules that pertain to power toolsand equipment.Correctly answer ASE certification test questionsthat require a knowledge of power tools andequipment.

To be a productive technician in today"s automotiveservice facility, you must know when and how to usepower tools and equipment. Power tools are tools drivenby compressed air, electricity, or pressurized liquid. Theymake many repair operations easier and quicker. Largeshop tools, such as floor jacks, parts cleaning tanks, andsteam cleaners, are called shop equipment.This chapter discusses properly selecting and usingcommon power tools and shop equipment. They can bevery dangerous if misused. Always follow the operatinginstructions for the particular tool or piece of equipmentbefore use. If in doubt, ask your instructor for a demonstration. Specialized power tools and equipment are covered in later chapters. Refer to the index to find moreinformation on them as needed.

Air HosesFlexible, high-pressure air hoses are connected to themetal lines from the air compressor. These hoses allowthe technician to take a source of air pressure to thevehicle being repaired. Quick-disconnect couplings areused to connect air hoses and air tools to the compressedair system without using a wrench. To join or separate aquick-disconnect coupling, pull back on the coupling"souter sleeve with finger pressure. With the sleeve pulledback, you can push the coupling together or pull it apart.

Other ComponentsCompressed-Air SystemThe components of a compressed-air system includean air compressor, air lines, air hoses, and air tools. Inaddition, a pressure regulator, filter, and lubricator maybe attached to the system. Air tools are driven by thecompressed-air system. Air-powered tools can be foundin nearly every service facility.

A pressure regulator is used to set a specific pressure in the compressed-air system. This pressure is oftencalled shop pressure. In most cases, shop pressure isbetween 100 and 150 pounds per square inch (psi). Afilter may be connected to the system. The filter removeswater from the compressed air. This increases the life ofair tools. In addition, a lubricator may also be connected

Air ToolsAir tools use the energy of compressed air for operation. They are also called pneumatic tools. Air tools arelabor-saving devices and well worth their cost. Alwayslubricate an air tool before and after use. While pressingthe air tool"s trigger, squirt a few drops of air tool oil intothe tool"s air inlet fitting. Not only will the oil protect theinternal parts of the tool during use, but it will also prevent the internal parts from rusting during storage.

Air RatchetAn air ratchet is a special impact wrench designedfor working in limited space. Look at Figure 4-2B. Forinstance, an air ratchet is commonly used when removingwater pumps. It will fit between the radiator and engineeasily. It works in much the same way as a hand-toolratchet. An air ratchet normally has a 3/8" drive.However, it does not have very much turning power.Final tightening and initial loosening must be done withhand tools.

Impact Sockets and ExtensionsSpecial impact sockets and impact extensions mustbe used with air wrenches. These are case hardened,thicker, and much stronger than conventional sockets andextensions. A conventional socket can be ruined orbroken by the hammering blows of an impact wrench.Impact sockets and extensions are easily identifiedbecause they are flat black, not chrome.Caution!Know when and when not to use power tools.In most situations, power tools will speed upyour work. However, there are many timeswhen they should not be used. For example,never use an impact wrench in place of a torquewrench. An impact wrench will not torque critical fasteners to their correct specification.Problems and comebacks will result.

BlowgunAn air-powered blowgun is commonly used to dryand clean parts washed in solvent. It is also used to blowdust and loose dirt from parts before or during disassembly. See Figure 4-4A.When using a blowgun, wear eye protection. Directthe blast of air away from yourself and others. Do notblow brake and clutch parts clean. The dust from theseparts may contain asbestos. Asbestos is a cancer-causingsubstance. Another type of blowgun is a solvent gun,Figure 4-4B. It can be used to wash parts that will not fitinto a cleaning tank.

Air DrillAn air drill is excellent for many repairs because ofits power output and speed adjustment capabilities. Itspower and rotating speed can be set to match the job athand. Look at Figure 4-5. With the right attachments, airdrills can drill holes, grind, polish, and clean parts.A rotary brush is used in an air or electric drill forrapid cleaning of parts, Figure 4-6. It can quickly removeold gasket material, carbon deposits, and rust with a minimum amount of effort.An abrasive pad is another type of cleaning tool thatcan be used in an air or electric drill. It is used forremoving old gasket material. It has the advantage of notscratching aluminum like a rotary brush can.A rotary file, or stone, can be used in an air drill,electric drill, or air (die) grinder, Figure 4-7. It is handyfor removing metal burrs and nicks. Make sure the stoneis not turned too fast by the air tool. Normally, the maximum speed is printed on the file or stone container.Warning!Use a high-speed rotary brush in an air drill. Abrush designed for an electric drill may flyapart. To be safe, always adjust an air drill tothe slowest acceptable speed when using arotary brush. Also, always wear eye protection.

Electric ToolsThere are many electric tools that can be useful to atechnician. Some of these tools, such as a drill press orgrinder, may be fixed to the floor or a bench. Other tools,such as a drill, are portable and can be taken to the job site.

Figure 4-8. The grinding wheel on a bench grinder is used tosharpen tools. The wire wheel can be used to clean and polishsmall parts. Always keep shields, tool rests, and guards in place.

Transmission JackHydraulic ToolsHydraulic tools are powered by pressurized liquid.The hydraulic tools typically used in the automotive shopinclude jacks, cranes, and presses. These tools are discussed in the next sections.

Shop EquipmentIn addition to pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrictools, there are various pieces of shop equipment that atechnician may find useful. These include tire changers,stands, cleaners, welders, lights, and creepers. These areall discussed in the following sections.

Power cordFigure 4-21. Soldering irons and guns produce enough heat tomelt solder for joining wires and small metal terminals.ASoldering iron. BSoldering gun. (Florida Dept. of Voc. Ed.)

A creeper is useful when working under a car supported on jack stands, Figure 4-25A. It lets the technician easily roll under vehicles without getting dirty. Astool creeper allows the technician to sit while workingon parts that are near the ground. See Figure 4-25B. Forexample, a stool creeper is often used during brakesystem repairs. The brake parts and tools can be placedon the creeper. The service technician can sit and still beat eye level with the brake assembly.

Fender covers are placed over fenders, upper grille,or other body sections to prevent vehicle damage. Theyprotect the paint or finish from nicks, scratches, andgrease. See Figure 4-27. Never lay tools on a painted surface. Costly scratches may result.Seat covers are placed over seats to protect themfrom dirt, oil, and grease that might be on your workclothes. These covers should be used while driving thevehicle or while working in the passenger compartment.

Roll-Around CartA large roll-around cart or table is handy for taking anumber of tools to the job. One is pictured in Figure 4-26.A technician can quickly place all needed tools in the cartand take them to the vehicle. The cart places the toolswithin hand"s reach. This saves time and effort before,during, and after the job.

Figure 4-25. AA creeper is for working under a vehicle.BThe stool creeper is commonly used during brake and suspension repairs. You can sit on the stool and store tools on thebottom. (Snap-on Tool Corp.)

Power tools use electricity, compressed air, orhydraulic pressure (liquid confined under pressure). Large shop tools, such as floor jacks, partscleaning tanks, and steam cleaners, are classifiedas shop equipment.

FendercoverFigure 4-26. A roll-around cart allows you to take many tools tothe vehicle. This saves several trips to the toolbox. It also savestime during cleanup at the end of the day. (Snap-on Tool Corp.)

Important TermsPower toolsShop equipmentAir compressorAir hosesQuick-disconnectconnectorsPressure regulatorFilterLubricatorAir toolsAir wrenchesImpact wrenchesAir ratchetImpact socketsImpact extensionsAir hammerAir chiselBlowgunSolvent gunAir drillRotary brushAbrasive padRotary fileStoneElectric toolsBench grinderDrill bits

Portable electric drillsDrill pressHydraulic toolsFloor j ackTransmission jacksEngine craneHydraulic pressArbor pressTire changerJack standsEngine standCold solvent tankSteam cleanerHigh-pressure washerOxyacetylene torchWelderSoldering gunSoldering ironBattery chargerDroplightPullersJumper cablesCreeperStool creeperRoll-around cartFender coversSeat covers

ASE-Type Questions1. Power tools are tools that use:(A) electricity.(B) hydraulics.(C) compressed air.(D) All of the above.2. Technician A says that shop air pressure is usually around 100 to 150 psi. Technician B saysshop air pressure is much higher, around300 psi. Who is correct?(A) A only.(B)Bonly.(C) Both A and B.(D) Neither A nor B.3. Which of the following is not a commonimpact wrench drive size?(A) 1/4".(B) 3/8".(C) 1/2".(D) 3/4".4. Technician A says to use a 1/4" drive on socketsfrom 1/4" to 9/16". Technician B says to use a3/8" drive on these socket sizes. Who is correct?(A) A only.(B) Bonly.(C) Both A and B.(D) Neither A nor B.5. Special impact sockets and extensions areeasily identified because they are:(A) chrome.(B) aluminum.(C) flat black.(D) hard rubber.

Activities for Chapter 41. Using an automotive tool catalog, develop a listof power tools needed to equip your school"sautomotive repair shop. Find prices and add upthe cost.2. Research safety literature on power equipmentused in an automotive repair facility.(A) Develop a bibliography of resources forsafe use of power equipment.(B) Develop a list of safety rules for their use.

tools driven by compressed air, electricity, or pressurized liquid Shop equipment large shop tools such as floor jacks, parts cleaning tanks, and steam cleaners

Connected to the metal lines from the air compressor Allow the technician to take a source of air pressure to the vehicle being repaired Quick-disconnect connectors allow a technician to connect or disconnect hoses or tools without using a wrench

used to set a specific pressure in the system ( psi, or kPa) Filter traps water so that it can be drained daily Lubricator introduces oil into the airstream increases the life of air tools

Must be used with air wrenches Case hardened, thicker, and much stronger than conventional sockets and extensions Impact tools are flat black, instead of chrome Using a chrome tool on an impact wrench can be unsafe

Normally, domestic power tools (like a drill, a blower, or a grinder) could be bought between $25 and $100 USD, meanwhile, industrials’ (like big table saws, or industrial air compressors) can start at$150 and go up to $10.000.

Please note these prices are estimates and might shift according to many factors includingthe tool itself, its type, brand, and features.If you want more specific information,below we’ll break the price and function for each of the most crucial power tools.

Paying a plumber, a mason, or anybody else to perform these jobs could turn expensive, and you’d be surprised by how simple this works could have been, if you had the right tools; saving you thousands, as reviewed in.

So, in case you want to save a budget for power tools in order to make your own housework (or any other reason), here you’ll find a compilation of the most essential power tools and their prices.

Meanwhile, oil-lubricated gas-powered compressors are usually bigger, and more expensive. You can find them between $1200 and $2200 for a 10-gallon tank, going up to $5000 for bigger ones used for industrial purposes.

These babies are literally used for hundreds of purposes. They power pneumatic tools, like nail guns, chisels, drills, sanders, or spray guns. Blowing up inflatable products, adding air to tires, cleaning crevices and tight spaces, are just a few ways you can use this equipment.

The price will vary according to different factors; mainly the tank size, the power source (gas or electric), its max PSI and if it’s oil-lubricated or oil-free.

Their price will be different according to several factors. In this case, power, speed, extra features like hammering, or adjustable chuck, and if it’s corded or cordless.

These guys are the soul of the party at power tooling. They are basically used to drill holes, though you shouldn’t underestimate the importance of hole making.

On this occasion, the prices change according to the type (standard, compound, dual-compound, or sliding-compound). There are also chop saws for metal cutting, which are naturally more expensive as they require more power.

There aren’t many features that make the price vary beside the blade size, and its power. It can go from $60 to $150 for domestic use and go up to $350 for heavy-duty use.

If you are looking forward to getting yours, you should be saving between $40 (for 4 to 5 inches disc) and $120 (bigger disc and more power). It all depends on your needs.

The favorite tool of many, masons, carpenters, and even mechanics, angle grinders are versatile tools that can grind metal and cut tile, stucco, and pavers, rout out mortar, plus they can sand, polish, and sharpen. Due to their versatility, they are considered a basic power too

A sander is a power tool used to smooth surfaces with sandpaper. It has the means to attach the sandpaper and a mechanism to move it rapidly. It includes means to hand-hold it or fix it to a workbench.

If you are looking for high quality power tools (with warranty) to use in the most demanding jobs in the area, you can visit our store and choose (at the most reasonable price) the tools you want.

Welcome to Bosch Blue. This is the website of the professional blue power tools from Bosch – for trade and industry professionals. The Power Tools Division of the Bosch Group is the world market leader for power tools and power tool accessories. The core success factors are innovative strength and pace of innovation. As a professional, a lot is expected of you: speed, reliability, competence, endurance – in short: excellent results. So isn"t it only fair to demand the same from your power tools? The professional blue power tools from Bosch are engineered for excellence – meeting the highest standards in speed, precision and robustness for great, professional work results. Professional blue power tools from Bosch – For professionals from professionals.

In this infographic, the size of each company’s hand & power tool revenue is shown by circle area. Stanley Black & Decker is inside the biggest circle because it has the largest revenue from hand & power tools. Close behind is Bosch’s hand and power tool business. And so on until we reach Positec, JPW Industries and Ingersoll Rand with the smaller circles representing their smaller respective revenues.

Statista.com is a data analysis website that has a wide range of free and premium industry reports, statistics and analysis. The most interesting tidbit we found investigating hand and power tools is this:

Most of the companies (who make and who own tool brands) sales figures are available in tax forms and company annual reports. But even with that information some estimations have to be made to arrive at the tools only sales numbers. Here are some notes how we arrived at estimations for the following companies.

The Bosch annual report tells us their Consumer Goods division had 17.1 billion euros revenue (~18.5 billion USD) in 2015. The division consists of power tools (drills, jigsaws, impact screwdrivers, lawn mowers, best pressure washers etc.) and household appliances (fridges, washing machines, dryers, ovens etc.).

The household appliances portion of the Bosch Consumer Goods division was a 50:50 joint venture with Siemens until Bosch bought out Siemens for 3 billion euros (~3.25 billion USD) in late 2014. That was for the 50% share that Siemens owned, valuing the total household appliance company at 6 billion euros (6.5 billion USD). The company reported 10.5 billion euros revenue in 2013. So what’s the 2015 revenue to give us the portion that is power tools? With a growth rate of 4% yearly the revenue is 11.36 billion euros in 2015 leaving 5.74 billion euros (~$6.2B USD) as power tools revenue.

You’ll notice there is an ‘Other’ row in the above table. In