overshot bite in dogs made in china

Undershot is a class III malocclusion that is also referred to as mandibular prognathism, maxillary brachygnathism, mandibular mesioclusion, or an underbite. This malocclusion is characterized by a shorter upper jaw and a longer lower jaw, resulting in lower teeth that are in front of the upper teeth. While this condition is normal for some breeds, such as Bulldogs, in many breeds it is unusual. An undershot jaw occurs when the lower jaw grows faster than normal and becomes longer than the upper jaw, and is usually evident around 8 weeks of age in puppies. This misalignment can cause soft tissue trauma, such as to the lips. When the incisors meet instead of fitting next to each other, it is called a level bite. When the malocclusion causes the lower incisors to be placed in front of the upper incisors, it is called a reverse scissors bite.

The cause of overshot and undershot jaws in dogs relate to the increased or decreased rate of growth of the upper and lower jaws in relation to one another. This can occur due to a: Genetic disorder Trauma; Systemic infection ;Nutritional disorder; Endocrine disorder; Abnormal setting of puppy teeth; Early or late loss of puppy teeth.

After a quick physical exam, your vet may have to sedate your dog in order to perform a thorough oral exam. This will assess your dog’s skull type and teeth location in relation to the teeth on the opposite jaw. Often, the placement of the upper and lower incisors in relation to one another can determine what type of malocclusion your dog has. Your vet will note any areas of trauma due to teeth striking those areas, and any cysts, tumors, abscesses, or remaining puppy teeth that may be present. A dental X-ray can also help to assess the health of the jaws and teeth. These diagnostic methods will lead to a diagnosis of an overshot or undershot jaw in your dog.

Treatment of a jaw misalignment will depend on the severity of the condition. If your dog has a misalignment, but can still bite and chew food without problems, no treatment may be needed. If the misalignment is caught early in a puppy’s life, it may only be temporary and may correct itself over time. However, there are times when intervention may be needed. If your puppy’s teeth are stopping the normal growth of his jaws, then surgery to remove those puppy teeth may be performed. This may allow the jaws to continue to grow, but will not make them grow. For older dogs who are experiencing pain and trauma due to misaligned jaws and teeth, oral surgery is generally performed to extract teeth that are causing trauma, to move teeth so that they fit, or to create space for a misaligned tooth to occupy. Other therapies include crown reductions or braces.

If your dog is genetically programmed to have an overshot or undershot jaw, intervention can help, but will not slow or stop the abnormal growth of either jaw. Prevent jaw misalignments in puppies by not breeding dogs who have overshot or undershot jaws.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

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overshot bite in dogs made in china

The Chongqing Dog is a medium sized dog with a deep red/mahogany (orange) color and a black muzzle. It has a thin, short, harsh coat that is about 3cm in length. The muscular body has a square build with great strength. Its ears are erect. The jaw should be set square. The teeth should meet in a scissor bite or be slightly undershot. Undershot bites more than 5 mm are undesirable. The teeth should not be visible when the mouth is closed in a natural position. The tongue can be blue, dark blue or with spots (blue points). The muzzle should be as broad and powerful as possible. The dark mask is confined to the muzzle and must be in sharp contrast to the colour of the head. The skull is flat between ears and square on top. There are natural wrinkles on top of the head. The stop is well defined. The forehead forms a distinct stop at the bridge of nose. Slightly loose with fine wrinkles without excess on the skull. The muzzle is strong, square and noticeably shorter than the skull. Broad from root to tip of the nose, not snipy, with moderately obvious folds. The line of the muzzle forms a very obtuse angle upwards. The cheeks are prominent, due to the strong development of the muscle. The length of the skull and the length of the muzzle are approximately 2: 1. The height to the elbow is about half the height at the withers. The female can be slightly longer than the males. Males should be muscular and well defined, whereas females tend to be more streamlined with an air of femininity.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

Here is a visual look into what an “undershot” and “overshot” jaw looks like. In recent years, I’ve noticed more and more dogs with this issue. Can a dog live productive life with a malocclusion: (imperfect positioning of the teeth when a jaws closed) Yes but with some issues along the way.

Let’s begin with a puppy will have 28 “puppy teeth” by the time it reaches six months old (this number can vary from breed to breed) By adulthood, most breeds will have a total of 42 teeth. As defined above a malocclusion or simply a misalignment of a dog’s teeth occurs when their bite does not fit accordingly beginning as puppy’s teeth come in and worsening as their adult teeth follow.

the upper jaw is longer than the lower one, an overshot or overbite. When a dogs mouth is closed, a gap between the upper and lower incisors (teeth) will be present. In most cases, puppies are born with a slight over/under bite and with time the problem can correct itself if the gap is not too large. What should be noted is if a dog’s bite remains over/undershot by 8-10 months old, that’s how it will remain for the remainder of its life. In overbite’s the structure may worsen as the permanent teeth come in as they are larger and can damage the soft parts of the mouth. Teeth extractions are sometimes necessary.

Structural dentition of a puppies jaw should be checked very early on to help eliminate this issue. Unfortunately most dog owners won’t notice until is late in the game. More so is the issues of backyard and/or inexplicable breeders breeding dogs with undershot/overshot jaws and potentially passing along this trait to future generations.

With an overbite, the upper jaw is longer than the lower one. When the mouth is closed, a gap between the upper and lower incisors occurs. Puppies born with an overbite will sometimes have the problem correct itself if the gap is not too large. However, a dog"s bite will usually set at ten months old. At this time improvement will not happen on its own. Your pet"s overbite may worsen as the permanent teeth come in because they are larger and can damage the soft parts of the mouth. Teeth extractions are sometimes necessary.

Problems that can arise from malocclusion are; difficulty chewing, picking up food and other objects, dogs with overshot jaws tend to pick up larger chunks of food since they can"t chew nor pick up smaller morsels which can lead to choking and future intestinal issues. These dogs are also prone to tartar and plaque build up which if left untreated can lead to other significant health issues such as heart problems. Other issues are listed below:

What"s important to note is that most malocclusions do not require treatment, it"s simply how a dog will live its full life as. This is important since most breeders breeding for financial gains don"t think about. What can be done is to brush the teeth regularly to prevent abnormal build-up of tartar and plaque. A veterinarian in cases that can be solved will sometimes recommend a dental specialist if a client want to correct the teeth misalignment. Recently I"ve heard o specialist putting "braces” on puppies to realign the teeth.

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overshot bite in dogs made in china

Ancient, long-lived and amazingly cat-like, the Chuandong Hound has been called many names through centuries – and has started its journey to the West only a few years ago.

When Alison Darley came across images of the Chuandong Hound online, she was immediately fascinated – and reading up, she soon realised she may be looking at the perfect breed for her.

“I’d had Dogue de Bordeauxs for many years. I love the breed, but their sheer size sometimes caused problems with their care” she said. “They can be clumsy, knocking into people without meaning to, which on occasions caused a problem for my daughter, who has Downs Syndrome. Plus, as with most giant breeds they have rather short life spans – and each time one died, there was so much heartbreak.”

“They are very cat-like: they’re sure-footed, keep themselves immaculately clean, and can move their ears separately. Absolutely unique,” Alison says. “Their lifespan is exceptionally long, too: there are records of some dogs living to be 20 years old.”

Alison, who decided to import her first Chuandong Hounds from China in 2016 – the first of the breed to come to the UK – says that the process was nothing short of a nightmare. After choosing the pups, and after months and months of paperwork, her dogs finally arrived in 2017.

Alison, who has a background in obedience training, says that they are “as clever as a collie, if not a bit more”. They have plenty of energy, but are far from impossible to tire out: they love to play and interact with people. Medium-sized, they are less likely to knock over people by accident than larger dogs.

“Of course, the move from rural China to the UK was a bit of a culture shock for them! My male, Dynasty, took it in all in his stride. But the females remain a bit more aloof with strangers – they make very good house dogs and will alert you if anyone is around,  they are brilliant family dogs. My daughter has been doing some handling with them, and it’s been working out wonderfully. They adore children.”

Despite dating back some 2,000 years – sculptures of similar dogs were found in ancient tombs which dated back to the time of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), suggesting they were held in high esteem – this breed remained entirely unknown in the West until the Eighties.

For the longest time, there wasn’t even a single breed name: communities in the Chongqing region, in the mountain area of southwest China, each had their own name for these dogs. Chuandong dog, East Sichuan Hunting dog, Bamboo Ratter, Mountain dog, Hechuan dog, Pak Tin Par dog, and Linshui dog were some of the names used to describe these hunting dogs.

It wasn’t until the year 2000 that the name ‘Chongqing dog’ was introduced for the breed, as many of their owners moved from the mountains to Chongqing City, taking their dogs with them. However, the move to the city caused a change in the breed, which had remained essentially unchanged since at least the time of the Han Dynasty.

“As people moved to the city with their dogs, they were crossed with other breeds. The dogs living in Chongqing City began developing different traits from the original breed, such as a shorter muzzle and a stockier build; within a few generations they were very different to the ancient hunting hound.”

In August 2018 the decision was made to split the breed, which had been recognised by the CKU (China Kennel Union) just one year earlier. Mr Franki Leung, head of the CKU Native Breed Conservation Club and members of the breed club, divided it to create two established breeds: the city type, retained the name of ‘Chongqing Dog’, and the traditional hound Alison owns, was named ‘Chuandong Hound’.

Breed standards for both were produced only recently, in January 2019; in July 2018, the CKU had opened up registrations to owners abroad. Alison says that, as far as she is aware, she is currently the only person outside China currently focusing on the Chuandong Hound. There are about 100 such dogs registered in China, plus her own first generation and second generation dogs here in the UK.

“The process of registering them with the CKU was almost as complicated as that of getting the dogs into the UK,” she laughs. “They needed pictures of the dogs, and blood samples to build a database for the breed. They are very careful about these things, and for good reason. There aren’t many of these dogs in China: the breed has been on the brink of extinction before and is still rarer than the giant Panda.

“I am just as careful breeding them, health testing my adults to make sure the puppies are inherently healthy,” she says. “So far, all dogs are well. A couple of pups developed cherry eye and they have a slightly undershot bite, which I will be working on in the coming generations, as I bring in more dogs to enlarge the gene pool – even if I dread the whole process of importing!”

Alison is now aiming to see this ancient and rare breed recognised by our UK Kennel Club. A ’New breed’ application was received on 22nd February 2019. If successful, she will be able to take her dogs to the next ‘Discover Dogs’ London, followed by Crufts 2020 to introduce this still unknown breed to UK dog enthusiast.

“Chuandong Hounds are very affectionate dogs. I have found homes for ten of the puppies I bred so far, and one of the owners told me he’s the son he never had. They’re impossible not to love – and very much part of the family.”

overshot bite in dogs made in china

Underbites may not be the first thing you think of when it comes to dogs, however, there are several breeds sporting this toothy grin. Find out which dogs have underbites and why dogs have underbites in the first place.

Like humans, an underbite in a dog refers to the lower teeth projecting beyond the upper teeth. Veterinarians will refer to this issue as malocclusion. While an underbite can happen in various breeds, it’s commonly seen in brachycephalic breeds.

Besides short-skull breeds, underbites are also common in small dogs. Dogs that belong to the toy breed classification also typically suffer from other dental issues such as overcrowding or protruding teeth.

Shih Tzus are a beloved companion animal commonly found in homes worldwide. These friendly little creatures have a long history of being lap dogs for noble women in China.

Perhaps the dog most commonly associated with an underbite is the English Bulldog. This breed’s predisposal for malocclusion completes the Bulldog’s look. It’s fair to assume if you are purchasing a bulldog, you will have to deal with an underbite.

This is why it’s important to only purchase your English Bulldog from a responsible, ethical, and reputable breeder. A Bulldog with an excessive underbite will not only require expensive dental visits but may experience discomfort while eating.

These lap dogs were bred as companions to royal figures in the Chinese city of Peking. Today, these toy-sized dogs are loved by many. They are regarded as friendly, intelligent, and full of personality.

Pekingese dogs are distinguished by their “lion mane” coat. It’s also not uncommon for these small dogs to present an underbite. Like other brachycephalic breeds, they are prone to having underbites.

It’s not hard to spot a Pug! Their black masked, squished face and fawn shorthair coat set them apart from other dogs. There’s nothing like those little curled tails wagging to greet you!

Like other dogs on this list, Pugs are considered a short skull or brachycephalic breed. With this comes your typical dental problems, including an underbite.

This attribute sets it apart from other short-skulled breeds that often prefer a more sedentary lifestyle. These dogs weigh no more than 25 pounds yet love to run, hike, or explore the park. This feature makes them ideal for city dwellers with an active lifestyle.

While they typically come in black and white, Bostons can come in many colors. These include various combinations of brindle, seal, and white. No matter what your Boston Terrier’s coat looks like, there’s a strong likelihood it will have a slight underbite.

While most of the breeds on this list are small dogs, larger breeds such as Boxers also suffer from underbites. Boxers can weigh up to 80 lbs and belong to the working group classification. These dogs are known to be highly intelligent and easily trainable.

According to the AKC breed standard, Boxers have an undershot jaw. The lower jaw should jut forward from the upper and curve upward. These large, athletic, and wrinkly beasts are great companions for individuals and families alike.

These tiny dogs come from Mexico. They are known for having a huge personality trapped in a tiny body! While they may not have a squished face like other breeds on this list, they are a small breed and only reach about 6 lbs on average.

These fluffy little dogs share the homes of millions of people around the world. These dogs originated in Poland and were bred to pull carts, guard livestock, and do other physical jobs. However, they were eventually bred to be smaller to be companion animals.

These long-haired, white, small dogs are very popular. You will typically find Maltese dogs living in urban areas. Their small size has made them ideal city dogs.

However, purebred Maltese often suffer from a variety of dental problems. It’s commonfor a Maltese to display an underbite, ranging from slight to severe.

The first Spaniel to make it on our list, King Charles Spaniels, are a very popular family dog. They rank consistently in the top 20 most popular breeds in the U.S. While most commonly sporting a red and white coat, you can also find King Charles Spaniels to be black and tan and tri-colored.

While known for being friendly and intelligent, King Charles Spaniels are prone to various health issues. The most common health issues are ear infections and dental problems. While these little dogs make fantastic pets, don’t be surprised to find yourself in the veterinarian’s office!

Like the English Bulldog, French Bulldogs are short-skulled dogs with squished faces. What sets them apart from other bulldogs? They have pointed, bat-like ears that stick up.

They are sometimes mistaken for a Boston Terrier. While French Bulldogs have been rising in popularity over the past decade, it’s important to understand these dogs commonly exhibit various health problems.

It’s not uncommon for French Bulldogs to have severe underbites. It’s essential to only purchase puppies from reputable breeders that understand genetics.

Severe underbites can result in tooth wear, jaw pain, difficulty eating, or damage to the gums or palette. If your puppy begins to exhibit signs of an underbite, it’s recommended to take them to a veterinarian to see if treatmentis necessary.

Usually, treatment is not necessary. However, there are treatment options if you suspect your dog is experiencing discomfort or pain related to their underbite. Typically, these include extractions, physical therapies, and root canal treatments.

Your local vet is a good place to start! If your dog’s underbite is severe, they will be able to connect you with specialists in your area. Veterinary dentists are specialists that receive extra training to treat oral and dental issues in your pet.

For most dogs, it is simply the result of genetics. This is especially true if you have a short-skull or small breed. In rarer cases, malocclusion may be the result of trauma. This trauma may have occurred in the womb or early in a dog’s life.

Sometimes, a young dog’s underbite may correct itself. However, it’s most likely that if your puppy is exhibiting an underbite, it will have it throughout its life. This is especially true if you have a brachycephalic or small breed.

If you have a pup with an underbite or are looking at possibly getting one, it’s essential to understand the risk associated with dogs with underbites. While underbites are typically not a problem for most dogs, consult your veterinarian if you’re worried about your dog’s teeth or bite.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

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overshot bite in dogs made in china

Congenital oronasal fistulas result when the palatine shelves fail to fuse during gestation. This fusion typically occurs at 25–28 days of gestation in dogs and 47 days of gestation in horses. Clefts can be either of the primary palate (involving the lip and incisive bone), cleft lip (harelip); or of the secondary palate (involving the hard and soft palate), cleft palate. The conditions can occur singly or together. In dogs, CT studies have shown an association of cleft palate with other craniofacial abnormalities, including hypoplastic tympanic bullae, hypoplastic nasal turbinates, and maxillary malocclusions, mostly of the incisors. Affected animals should also be examined for neurologic signs because concurrent hydrocephalus has also been described.

Typically, animals are diagnosed with oronasal fistulas at birth or shortly after birth by oral examination, by observation of dysphagia or milk draining from the nares after nursing, and/or by clinical evaluation revealing respiratory compromise and signs of aspiration pneumonia. Many affected neonates are euthanized or die early in life. Although surgical repair has been undertaken in many species, success has varied, and complications such as surgical site dehiscence, continued nasal discharge, chronic ill thrift, and chronic pneumonia have been reported.

Cleft palate and cleft lip have been described in most domesticated animal species, including dogs, cats, ruminants, horses, and camelids. In dogs, brachycephalic breeds are overrepresented; other breeds with higher incidence include Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, Dachshunds, German Shepherd Dogs, Labrador Retrievers, Schnauzers, and Shetland Sheepdogs. The most commonly affected cat breed is the Siamese. Etiologies include genetic, teratogenic, and nutritional causes.

Modes of inheritance are monogenic autosomal recessive or incomplete dominant in several breeds. The mode is believed to be autosomal recessive in Brittanys, Pyrenean Shepherds, Beagles, and Boxers; in Bulldogs (French and English) and Shih Tzus, autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance is suspected. Autosomal recessive inheritance patterns are evident in Angus cattle with congenital multiple arthrogryposis, in Charolais cattle with cleft palate and arthrogryposis, and in Texel sheep with cleft lip.

Teratogens and nutritional causes of cleft palate and cleft lip include high concentrations of vitamin A in the diet, administration of griseofulvin, folic acid deficiency, and ingestion of toxic plants during pregnancy. In cattle, ingestion of lupines during days 40–100 of gestation results in arthrogryposis and cleft palate due to the effects of anagyrine found in Lupinus sericeus and Lupinus caudatus. Ingestion of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), which contains the toxic alkaloid coniine, produces similar clinical signs in both cattle and goats; ingestion of corn lily (Veratrum californicum) by sheep, goats, or cattle results in cleft lip and/or cleft palate in the fetus.

For puppies and kittens that are not euthanized, medical management is required until surgical options are explored. Patients are fed via orogastric tube until dry food can be tolerated. Water can be offered by overhead dispenser. In experimental settings, a custom-molded palate guard that enables adult dogs to eat and drink normally has been described. Aspiration pneumonia should be quickly identified and treated.

Patients should be at least 12 weeks old at the time of surgical correction, but some studies have shown higher success when surgery is performed at > 20 weeks of age or in adults. Surgical correction has a high failure rate because of the continued growth of puppies or kittens postoperatively, the small size of the patient, and irritation of the surgery site by the tongue and feed material. Surgical techniques depend on the location and size of the cleft defect. For secondary palate defects, sliding mucoperiosteal flaps or overlapping flaps are the most commonly used. Survival rates as high as 67% have been reported for horses undergoing either surgical or medical management of congenital cleft palate; however, there is great variation across case reports, and a wide range of complications may arise, depending on the severity of the defect.

Extensive involvement of the soft palate carries a poor prognosis, even with surgical intervention. Surgical repair should be attempted only after ethical questions have been addressed, and the affected animal should be surgically sterilized or removed from breeding stock to prevent reproduction of the anomaly in future offspring.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

faces that are associated with the formation of particular varieties and breeds (e.g., Herre and Röhrs 1990; Van Grouw 2018). Well-known examples include Bulldogs, Pugs, and

1990), the investigation of inheritance patterns (e.g., Stockard 1941), the study of genetic underpinnings (e.g., Fondon and Garner 2004; Bannasch et al. 2010; Bertolini et

(domesticated >500 YBP, see text; tree topology is according to Meredith et al. 2011 and Agnarsson and May-Collado 2008). Gray branches indicate species with at least

above 176°, i.e., they are all non-airorhynchic (according to Nussbaumer 1982 and this study, Fig. 1; for data, see Table S1). As we will point out in more detail later,

bones, parts of the snout (premaxilla) are foreshortened and downward tilted (Fig. 1 and Table 1). In other domestic ruminants, such as cattle, no cases of

breeds to be on the small side of the domestic dog body size spectrum (Marchant et al. 2017; Fig. 1G, regression of body size [neurocranium centroid] as the independent

parts of the history of many domestic forms (e.g., dogs [Parker et al. 2017] and chicken [Núñez-León et al. 2019]), this will be notoriously difficult to achieve.

2006; Noden and Schneider 2006; Lwigale and Schneider 2008; Fish and Schneider 2014a; Schneider 2018b). In particular, the use of a unique avian chimeric

along with a shortening of all limbs, is also known from humans (achondroplasia; Parrot 1878; Horton, Hall and Hecht 2007) and has been compared to “bulldog-type”

truncated faces have been found in brachycephalic cats (Schmidt et al. 2017) and genetically engineered mice (Hajihosseini et al. 2001). Such phenotypes in humans are known as a

conformation typically includes a relatively short snout and a large braincase (Bolk 1926; Dechambre 1949; Wayne 1986; Morey 1992; Coppinger and Schneider 1995). Although “pedomorphic” skull proportions pertain

shapes and are particularly prevalent in ponies and miniature horses (Wiggs and Lobprise 1997; Heck, Sánchez-Villagra and Stange 2019). Similarly, the most common

associated with morbidity, e.g., in cats and dogs (see earlier; e.g., Waters 2017; Bessant et al. 2018). Human intervention and medical care are often required for

be less likely to be bred or they will even be killed (Thomson 1996; Alpak et al. 2004; Fischer and Lilje 2011; Smith et al. 2016). Taken together, these points would point to

overshot bite in dogs made in china

This is a congenital problem that rarely causes any significant problem with the quality of the pet’s health. Some of these pets may have difficulty chewing their food (mastication), but most adapt to it well. Pets with undershot jaws may be predisposed to early dental disease though, therefore any pet with this abnormality should be examined by one of our doctors every 6 months.

This jaw is from a Lhasa apso. It is a young pet with healthy gums and teeth in spite of the anatomical abnormality. Routine exams will identify any dental disease before it becomes a significant problem.

This is the severely undershot jaw of a Persian cat. In addition to the this anatomical problem there is dental disease present, as evidenced by the tartar on the canine tooth and the side teeth. This cat will need routine exams every 6 months to assess the progression of the problem and institute necessary therapy.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

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overshot bite in dogs made in china

An overbite might not seem like a serious condition for your dog, but severely misaligned teeth can lead to difficulty eating, gum injuries and bruising, bad breath and different types of dental problems, including tooth decay and gingivitis. Fortunately, there are ways to help fix the problem before it becomes irreversible.

An overbite is a genetic, hereditary condition where a dog"s lower jaw is significantly shorter than its upper jaw. This can also be called an overshot jaw, overjet, parrot mouth, class 2 malocclusion or mandibular brachynathism, but the result is the same – the dog"s teeth aren"t aligning properly. In time, the teeth can become improperly locked together as the dog bites, creating even more severe crookedness as the jaw cannot grow appropriately.

This problem is especially common in breeds with narrow, pointed muzzles, such as collies, shelties, dachshunds, German shepherds, Russian wolfhounds and any crossbred dogs that include these ancestries.

Dental examinations for puppies are the first step toward minimizing the discomfort and effects of an overbite. Puppies can begin to show signs of an overbite as early as 8-12 weeks old, and by the time a puppy is 10 months old, its jaw alignment will be permanently set and any overbite treatment will be much more challenging. This is a relatively narrow window to detect and correct overbites, but it is not impossible.

Small overbites often correct themselves as the puppy matures, and brushing the dog"s teeth regularly to prevent buildup can help keep the overbite from becoming more severe. If the dog is showing signs of an overbite, it is best to avoid any tug-of-war games that can put additional strain and stress on the jaw and could exacerbate the deformation.

If an overbite is more severe, dental intervention may be necessary to correct the misalignment. While this is not necessary for cosmetic reasons – a small overbite may look unsightly, but does not affect the dog and invasive corrective procedures would be more stressful than beneficial – in severe cases, a veterinarian may recommend intervention. There are spacers, braces and other orthodontic accessories that can be applied to a dog"s teeth to help correct an overbite. Because dogs" mouths grow more quickly than humans, these accessories may only be needed for a few weeks or months, though in extreme cases they may be necessary for up to two years.

If the dog is young enough, however, tooth extraction is generally preferred to correct an overbite. Puppies have baby teeth, and if those teeth are misaligned, removing them can loosen the jaw and provide space for it to grow properly and realign itself before the adult teeth come in. Proper extraction will not harm those adult teeth, but the puppy"s mouth will be tender after the procedure and because they will have fewer teeth for several weeks or months until their adult teeth have emerged, some dietary changes and softer foods may be necessary.

An overbite might be disconcerting for both you and your dog, but with proper care and treatment, it can be minimized or completely corrected and your dog"s dental health will be preserved.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

The Shih Tzu (meaning Lion Dog) began in Tibet and became a treasured dog of royalty in China. Some suggest it may have been the product of other Chinese/Tibetan breeds such as the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese. The breed arrived in the United States from Europe in the mid-twentieth century. It currently ranks 20th in AKC registrations.

The Shih Tzu’s popularity surely derives from its primary job as a delightful companion, good with children and other pets. Its temperament is happy, even tempered, and loving. It is beautiful and glamourous as well as a great companion, with its long flowing coat.

The Shih Tzu provided a challenge in doing a survey of their breed priorities because normal show photos pose the Shih Tzu facing the camera to show off their heads and expressions. It was very difficult to find photos of the dogs standing in full profile to outline for the survey. Many thanks to the Shih Tzu folks who helped find enough suitable photos for this project.

Many other breeds also pose the dogs facing the camera. Let me solicit photos here of those facing-camera breeds we haven’t done surveys for, with the dogs in full profile. High quality, typical dogs in high resolution photos are needed for Affenpinschers, Maltese, and Yorkshire Terriers – with the dog in full profile including the head.

We found thirty-three Shih Tzu breeder-judges and mentors. Twenty-four of them accepted the invitation to take a survey on their breed priorities. By the deadline, fifteen surveys were received. This group has been in the breed nearly forty years on average. Those who are judges have been judging their breed for over twenty-two years on average.

The experts were asked to rank a list of virtues taken from their breed standard. Below is the list in sequence by the average of the group’s rankings, with one being the most important. Yes, the list has only fifteen items this time.

Eleven of the virtues garnered majority opinions, but not by overwhelming numbers. The greatest agreement with eighty percent was on “Head round, broad, wide between eyes” (1st). Almost as many agreed on “Outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly, trusting” (2nd), “Expression warm, sweet, wide-eyed, friendly, trusting” (3rd), and “(Rear) legs well-boned, muscular, with well-bent stifles” (15th). Actual temperament and that temperament showing in expression were very important, positioned as second and third in the list. Head is also important, with three of the top four features about the head.

“Eyes large, round, not prominent…very dark” (4th) was similarly valued on ten surveys. Nine of the group concurred on “Topline level” (10th), “Tail set high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back” (11th), and “Coat luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, flowing” (12th). “Tail carriage” (11th) was mid-point or below for the majority, and another four ranked it thirteenth. “Coat” (12th) was near or in the last quartile for the majority, but four placed it in the top quartile.

The smallest majority agreed on “Chest broad, deep, good spring-of-rib” (7th), “Legs straight, well-boned, muscular, set well apart under chest” (8th), and “Length between withers and root of tail slightly longer than height at withers” (14th). “Chest” (7th) was below average for more, with five ranking it tenth, but another six ranked it above average. “Legs straight/under” (8th) was at or near the third quartile for the bigger number, while four had it mostly in the second quartile. “Height/length proportion” (14th) was midpoint or better for eight, but seven ranked it in the bottom four.

Seven had “Smooth, flowing, effortless movement, good front reach, equally strong rear drive” (5th) fairly important, although three ranked it in the bottom two places. “Proud of bearing, distinctly arrogant carriage with head well up” (9th) was in the bottom quartile for seven, with the other experts all over. Seven had “Neck well set-on flowing smoothly into shoulders” (13th) around the middle, but six others had it lower.

Additional input might change the relative rankings in the list of items whose averages were fairly close, such as “Legs straight/under” (8th) and “Proud/arrogant carriage” (9th) whose averages were just one-tenth of a point apart.

The survey also included a list of faults taken directly from or derived from their standard. The faults are listed below in sequence by the average ranks, with one being the most serious.

Nine of the group placed “Lacking warm, sweet, wide-eyed friendly expression” (1st) in the top quartile. The smallest majority concurred on these faults: “Small, close set eyes, excessive white” (2nd), “Head too small” (4th), “Skull not domed” (7th), and “High stationed, leggy” (13th). “Head small” (4th) was quite important for eight, but three had it well below average. “Skull not domed” (7th) was in the second quartile for eight, but three put it in the bottom quartile. The majority put “High stationed, leggy” (tied at 13th) in the bottom quartile, but four placed it in the third quartile, raising its average a bit.

Most of the remaining faults had split opinions. Except for “Topline not level” (15th) – seven ranked it from ten to fourteen, with the rest all over.

“Snipy, lack of definite stop” (3rd) had seven experts put it in the first quartile, five in the second. “Tail not carried in curve well over back” (9th) was in the third quartile for seven experts, third or fourth for four, and thirteenth for three. Seven surveys had “Lacking good spring-of-rib” (10th) eleventh through fourteenth, but five had it in the second quartile.

Seven placed “Sparse coat, single coat, or curly coat” (11th) in the last quartile, but four ranked it fourth through sixth, and three others at midpoint or below. “Angulation of hindquarters not in balance with forequarters” (16th) was in the last quartile on seven surveys and the third quartile on five.

“Muzzle set lower than bottom of eye rim” (5th) ranked five through seven by six experts, in the third quartile by five, and in the top quartile by four. “Lower lip receding” (6th) had a similar split. “Teeth or tongue show when mouth closed” (8th) had the most divergent split, with six ranking between two and five and four in the last quartile, producing an average rank in the middle.

Six experts had “Lacking good front reach and equally strong rear drive” (12th) in the third quartile, five in the bottom quartile, and three placed it sixth. “Low stationed, dumpy, squatty” (tied at 13th) was in the second quartile for five, at or near the bottom for another five, and the third quartile for four.

Additional input would break the tie at thirteen. “Topline not level” (15th) had an average very close to those tied at thirteen. “Bad coat” (11th) and “Lacking reach and drive” (12th) also had averages within one-tenth of a point of each other.

The group was fairly consistent between the two lists. Head, eyes, and expression were important on both. Tail carriage was ninth as a virtue, eleventh when faulty. Coat was twelfth and eleventh. Topline was higher on the virtues list, lower when incorrect. Proportions were toward the bottom on both lists.

The survey included photos of six dogs and six bitches for the experts to place as they would dog show classes. The outlines were made from photos of real dogs – and there was the challenge: finding quality dogs show groomed and standing in full profile to make the outlines from for this survey. It is a coated breed, so the placements might change if the group could get their hands on the dogs, see faces and expression, watch them move, and more; but these placements were based on only what can be seen from outlines.

The dog outline with the best average placement and more first placements than any other was Shih Tzu “F.” Those who placed him first said “overall balance of leg, neck, slightly longer than tall,” “most pleasing outline and apparently the largest head,” “nice layback, proper tailset, correct balance and proportion,” “moderate, good head and tail carriage,”

The second-place dog based on average placement was Shih Tzu “D.” Comments on him included “nice balance and tail set,” “nice head carriage, good body length,” and “proportionate and good rear.”

The bitch with the best average placement and most first placements was Shih Tzu “Y.” Comments on her included “most pleasing outline,” “balanced,” “true to standard,” and “beautiful proportions.”

Runner-up bitch based on average placement was Shih Tzu “U.” Those who liked her noted “nice balance and proportion, good head carriage, good front angulation, nice tail,” “best overall shape, size, bone, substance, head size,” and “level topline.” “U” had the second-best average placement and was placed first by two experts. Bitch “Z” had three first placements, but was third by average placement.

Dog “F” was named Best of Breed by six experts and had the best average placement and first placements (ten) of all the outlines. Bitch “Y” placed first on eight surveys and was named BOB three times, the only bitch to do so.

All the dogs were placed first at least once except for “A and “C.” All the bitches placed first on at least one survey except for “V” and “W.” Dog “A” and bitch “W” were unplaced by thirteen experts.

General Appearance: The Shih Tzu is a sturdy, lively, alert toy dog with long flowing double coat. Befitting his noble Chinese ancestry as a highly valued, prized companion and palace pet, the Shih Tzu is proud of bearing, has a distinctively arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back. Although there has always been considerable size variation, the Shih Tzu must be compact, solid, carrying good weight and substance.

Even though a toy dog, the Shih Tzu must be subject to the same requirements of soundness and structure prescribed for all breeds, and any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural faults common to all breeds are as undesirable in the Shih Tzu as in any other breed, regardless of whether or not such faults are specifically mentioned in the standard.

Size, Proportion, Substance: Size – Ideally, height at withers is 9 to 10½ inches; but, not less than 8 inches nor more than 11 inches. Ideally, weight of mature dogs, 9 to 16 pounds. Proportion – Length between withers and root of tail is slightly longer than height at withers. The Shih Tzu must never be so high stationed as to appear leggy, nor so low stationed as to appear dumpy or squatty. Substance – Regardless of size, the Shih Tzu is always compact, solid and carries good weight and substance.

Head: Head – Round, broad, wide between eyes, its size in balance with the overall size of dog being neither too large nor too small. Fault: Narrow head, close-set eyes. Expression – Warm, sweet, wide-eyed, friendly and trusting. An overall well-balanced and pleasant expression supersedes the importance of individual parts. Care should be taken to look and examine well beyond the hair to determine if what is seen is the actual head and expression rather than an image created by grooming technique. Eyes – Large, round, not prominent, placed well apart, looking straight ahead. Very dark. Lighter on liver pigmented dogs and blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Small, close-set or light eyes; excessive eye white. Ears – Large, set slightly below crown of skull; heavily coated. Skull – Domed. Stop – There is a definite stop. Muzzle – Square, short, unwrinkled, with good cushioning, set no lower than bottom eye rim; never downturned. Ideally, no longer than 1 inch from tip of nose to stop, although length may vary slightly in relation to overall size of dog. Front of muzzle should be flat; lower lip and chin not protruding and definitely never receding. Fault: Snipiness, lack of definite stop. Nose – Nostrils are broad, wide, and open. Pigmentation – Nose, lips, eye rims are black on all colors, except liver on liver pigmented dogs and blue on blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Pink on nose, lips, or eye rims. Bite – Undershot. Jaw is broad and wide. A missing tooth or slightly misaligned teeth should not be too severely penalized. Teeth and tongue should not show when mouth is closed. Fault: Overshot bite.

Neck, Topline, Body: Of utmost importance is an overall well-balanced dog with no exaggerated features. Neck – Well set-on flowing smoothly into shoulders; of sufficient length to permit natural high head carriage and in balance with height and length of dog. Topline – Level. Body – Short-coupled and sturdy with no waist or tuck-up. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall. Fault – Legginess. Chest – Broad and deep with good spring-of-rib, however, not barrel-chested. Depth of ribcage should extend to just below elbow. Distance from elbow to withers is a little greater than from elbow to ground. Croup – Flat. Tail – Set on high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back. Too loose, too tight, too flat, or too low set a tail is undesirable and should be penalized to extent of deviation.

Forequarters: Shoulders – Well-angulated, well laid-back, well laid-in, fitting smoothly into body. Legs – Straight, well-boned, muscular, set well-apart and under chest, with elbows set close to body. Pasterns – Strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws – May be removed. Feet – Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.

Hindquarters: Angulation of hindquarters should be in balance with forequarters. Legs – Well-boned, muscular, and straight when viewed from rear with well-bent stifles, not close set but in line with forequarters. Hocks – Well let down, perpendicular. Fault – Hyperextension of hocks. Dewclaws – May be removed. Feet – Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.

Coat: Coat – Luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing. Slight wave permissible. Hair on top of head is tied up. Fault: Sparse coat, single coat, curly coat. Trimming – Feet, bottom of coat, and anus may be done for neatness and to facilitate movement. Fault – Excessive trimming.

Gait: The Shih Tzu moves straight and must be shown at its own natural speed, neither raced nor strung-up, to evaluate its smooth, flowing, effortless movement with good front reach and equally strong rear drive, level topline, naturally high head carriage, and tail carried in gentle curve over back.

Temperament: As the sole purpose of the Shih Tzu is that of a companion and house pet, it is essential that its temperament be outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all.

overshot bite in dogs made in china

Prognathism, also called Habsburg jaw or Habsburgs" jawHouse of Habsburg,mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull.general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontics, this is assessed clinically or radiographically (cephalometrics). The word prognathism derives from Greek πρό (pro, meaning "forward") and γνάθος (gnáthos, "jaw"). One or more types of prognathism can result in the common condition of malocclusion, in which an individual"s top teeth and lower teeth do not align properly.

Mandibular prognathism, where teeth have almost reached their final, straight position by dental braces. This makes the prognathism more obvious, and it will take an operation, moving the jaw backwards, to give the ultimate result.

Prognathism in humans can occur due to normal variation among phenotypes. In human populations where prognathism is not the norm, it may be a malformation, the result of injury, a disease state, a hereditary condition,

Prognathism is considered a disorder only if it affects chewing, speech or social function as a byproduct of severely affected aesthetics of the face.

Clinical determinants include soft tissue analysis where the clinician assesses nasolabial angle, the relationship of the soft tissue portion of the chin to the nose, and the relationship between the upper and lower lips; also used is dental arch relationship assessment such as Angle"s classification.

Cephalometric analysis is the most accurate way of determining all types of prognathism, as it includes assessments of skeletal base, occlusal plane angulation, facial height, soft tissue assessment and anterior dental angulation. Various calculations and assessments of the information in a cephalometric radiograph allow the clinician to objectively determine dental and skeletal relationships and determine a treatment plan.

Prognathism should not be confused with micrognathism, although combinations of both are found. It affects the middle third of the face, causing it to jut out, thereby increasing the facial area, similar to the phenotype of archaic hominids and other apes. Mandibular prognathism is a protrusion of the mandible, affecting the lower third of the face. Alveolar prognathism is a protrusion of that portion of the maxilla where the teeth are located, in the dental lining of the upper jaw.

Prognathism can also be used to describe ways that the maxillary and mandibular dental arches relate to one another, including malocclusion (where the upper and lower teeth do not align). When there is maxillary or alveolar prognathism which causes an alignment of the maxillary incisors significantly anterior to the lower teeth, the condition is called an overjet. When the reverse is the case, and the lower jaw extends forward beyond the upper, the condition is referred to as retrognathia (reverse overjet).

Harmful habits such as thumb sucking or tongue thrusting can result in or exaggerate an alveolar prognathism, causing teeth to misalign. Functional appliances can be used in growing children to help modify bad habits and neuro-muscular function, with the aim of correcting this condition.

In disease states, maxillary prognathism is associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome;retrognathism, where there is a lack of growth of the mandible, is by far a more common condition.

Prognathism, if not extremely severe, can be treated in growing patients with orthodontic functional or orthopaedic appliances. In adult patients this condition can be corrected by means of a combined surgical/orthodontic treatment, where most of the time a mandibular advancement is performed. The same can be said for mandibular prognathism.

Pedro II of Brazil, showing progenism. His mother was the Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine by birth.

Pathologic mandibular prognathism is a potentially disfiguring genetic disorder where the lower jaw outgrows the upper, resulting in an extended chin and a crossbite. In both humans and animals, it can be the result of inbreeding.shih tzus and boxers, it can lead to problems such as underbite.

Although more common than appreciated, the best known historical example is Habsburg jaw, or Habsburg or Austrian lip, due to its prevalence in members of the House of Habsburg, which can be traced in their portraits.geneticists and pedigree analysis; most instances are considered polygenic,

Allegedly introduced into the family by a member of the Piast dynasty, it is clearly visible on family tomb sculptures in St. John"s Cathedral, Warsaw. A high propensity for politically motivated intermarriage among Habsburgs meant the dynasty was virtually unparalleled in the degree of its inbreeding. Charles II of Spain, who lived 1661 to 1700, is said to have had the most pronounced case of the Habsburg jaw on record,consanguineous marriages in the dynasty preceding his birth.

Prior to the development of modern dentistry, there was no treatment for this condition; those who had it simply endured it. Today, the most common treatment for mandibular prognathism is a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The orthodontics can involve braces, removal of teeth, or a mouthguard.

Peacock, Zachary S.; Klein, Katherine P.; Mulliken, John B.; Kaban, Leonard B. (September 2014). "The Habsburg Jaw-re-examined". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 164A (9): 2263–2269. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36639. PMID 24942320. S2CID 35651759.

Zamudio Martínez, Gabriela; Zamudio Martínez, Adriana (2020). "A Royal Family Heritage: The Habsburg Jaw". Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine. 22 (2): 120–121. doi:10.1089/fpsam.2019.29017.mar. PMID 32083497. S2CID 211232475.

Though prognathism is not the norm among white Americans, white Americans can occasionally have non-pathological prognathism, similar to that of other populations around the world and clearly distinct from the examples of pathological prognathism shown in the pictures.

Безуглый, Т. А. (2020). "Влияние На Человека Признаков, Передаваемых По Аутосомно-Рецессивному Типу (на Примере Династии Габсбургов)" [Influence on the Human Traits Transmitted According to the Autosomal-Recessive Type (on the Example of the Habsburg Dynasty)] (in Russian).

Vilas, Román; Ceballos, Francisco C.; Al-Soufi, Laila; González-García, Raúl; Moreno, Carlos; Moreno, Manuel; Villanueva, Laura; Ruiz, Luis; Mateos, Jesús; González, David; Ruiz, Jennifer; Cinza, Aitor; Monje, Florencio; Álvarez, Gonzalo (17 November 2019). "Is the "Habsburg jaw" related to inbreeding?". Annals of Human Biology. 46 (7–8): 553–561. doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1687752. PMID 31786955. S2CID 208536371.