power tong companies in alberta made in china

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

Edcon Power Tongs and Oilfield Services Ltd. is an Alberta owned company comprised of local, experience and committed individuals who work as a team to provide services to the oil and gas industry.

Our purpose shall be to consistently provide value added reliable services by performing the following for our customers; casing and tubular running with integral power tongs and Casing Running Tools, computer torque monitoring, thread washing and inspection services.

The foundation of our services’ capabilities is based on a total committed safety program. We will not compromise the safety of our employees or others for the sake of corporate and personal gain.

The owners and employees of Edcon Power Tongs and Oilfield Services Ltd will always operate with the highest of integrity and honesty. High values, personal service and ethics are the cornerstone of our company as we provide for our families and our community.

In your work you rely on having suppliers who use the best equipment to complete your jobs. Among the most important pieces of equipment required for oil drilling and completions are power tongs. Drifters Casing Service is a local provider of power tongs services in Grande Prairie and Whitecourt areas with a reputation for expertise and reliability.

Eckel.Eckel is the one of the world’s leading power tong manufacturers. Each Eckel tong must pass a comprehensive compliance checklist so it’s ready to meet requirements in the field.

Universe. Since 1965, Universe Machine Corporation has supplied trustworthy steel products for the oilfield industry. Their quality standard system ensures that each power tong meets your application requirements.

We have many sizes of power tongs to fit the size of your pipe, from 2-3/8″ to 13- 3/8″. And our power tongs equipment offers a wide torque range to suit the job.

In addition to power tongs in Grande Prairie, we provide all other casing and tubing services you may need, including integral tubing tongs. You can also monitor your equipment with WinCatt Computer Torque Monitoring that we can provide and monitor on your behalf. All equipment can be used in drilling and completions work.

We’re your provider of oil field drilling and completions services that require power tongs and related oilfield equipment. Since 2000, our locally-owned and operated company has helped companies like yours get the work done right. Contact us for more information.

Universe Machine Corporation"s driving mission is to manufacture, modify or repair steel products for the oilfield, petrochemical and forestry industries. The company has been providing these services since 1965 and owes its success to a highly skilled workforce and a commitm…

At Ed"s Valve Servicing (Red Deer) Ltd., we"re known for quality workmanship. After 25 years of service in the Red Deer area, we understand that there"s no substitute for hard work and accuracy.

Pathmaker is an expanding Tubular Running Service company developed Industry professionals with remarkable TRS experience and expertise. We are family owned and operated and have been proudly serving Alberta and British Columbia Industry for over 40 years.

Dash Energy Services Ltd. provides complete tubular services, integral and conventional power tongs, CRT"s, computer torque monitoring, thread washing, 12 GPS equipped units and more, all provided with professional, competent service.;Dash Energy Services Ltd. has been in busine…

Ace Power Tongs & Energy Services serves Western Canada with computer torque monitoring, thread washing, CRT"s, integral and power tongs, GPS equipped units and more. Click our name to learn more about us.;Your choice for a complete tong, casing and tubing program is Ace Power …

When you need to put down or remove pipes for an oil drilling rig, trust Bitz Power Tongs Ltd. to handle the work. We have a variety of power tong trucks in Edson, Alberta, to meet the needs of your project. Our Canadian-owned and locally operated power tong and laydown unit com…

TriMark Tubular Ltd. delivers high-quality oil country tubular goods (OCTG) used for drilling and completions, plus gathering and transmission lines. We hold one of the largest inventories of OCTG and linepipe in Western Canada. TriMark provides complementary engineering experti…

Hill"s Power Tongs has provided Alberta with "First Class Tools All The Way - Any Time Night or Day", since 1975. Offering: Integral tongs and Computer torque monitoring We are certified: ISnetworld, ComplyWorks and COR. Offering 24 hour service. Please call or email.

Pro Torque Connection Technologies Ltd. offers a full line of casing running services: conventional and integral power tong equipment, Volant casing running tools, computer torque monitoring, casing crews, and thread supervision and inspection. We also offer top drive and iron r…

An oilfield service company, Hybrid Energy Services relies on the latest technology to create accountability and reduce liability for its clients. They offer a wide range of services, including the following: computer-analyzed torque monitoring, wireless torque sub, electroni…

Drifters Casing Service is a local leader for drilling and completions work in Grande Prairie, Whitecourt, and other areas in Alberta. You can count on us to provide services 24 hours per day as required.

Hanfu (simplified Chinese: 汉服; traditional Chinese: 漢服; pinyin: Hànfú) are the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of hanfu, such as the ku trousers).: 24

Traditionally, hanfu consists of a paofu robe, or a ru jacket worn as the upper garment with a qun skirt commonly worn as the lower garment. In addition to clothing, hanfu also includes several forms of accessories, such as headwear, footwear, belts, jewellery, handheld fans.overseas Chinese diaspora.

After the Han dynasty, hanfu developed into a variety of styles using fabrics that encompassed a number of complex textile production techniques, particularly those used to produce silk.: 3 Hanfu has influenced the traditional clothing of many neighbouring cultures, including the Korean hanbok,kimono (wafuku),Okinawan ryusou,Vietnamese Việt Phục).Western fashion, especially those influenced by Chinoiserie fashion, due to the popularity of Chinoiserie since the 17th century in Europe and in the United States.: 52Silk remains a core element of Hanfu and Chinese traditional clothing.

Hanfu comprises all traditional clothing classifications of the Han Chinese with a recorded history of more than three millennia.weaving, and by the time of the Han dynasty, brocade, damask, satin, and gauze had been developed.

From the beginning of its history, hanfu (especially in elite circles) was inseparable from silk and the art of sericulture, supposedly discovered by the Yellow Emperor"s consort Leizu, who was also revered as the Goddess of sericulture.Book of Change, which says that:

Hanfu had changed and evolved with the fashion of the days since its commonly assumed beginnings in the Shang dynasty. Many of the earlier designs are more gender-neutral and simpler in cut than later examples. Later garments incorporate multiple pieces with men commonly wearing pants and women commonly wearing skirts. Clothing for women usually accentuates the body"s natural curves through wrapping of upper garment lapels or binding with sashes at the waist.

From ancient times, the ru upper garments of hanfu were typically worn wrapped over the front, in a style known as Central Chinese Plain discouraged left-handedness, considering it unnatural, barbarian, uncivilized, and unfortunate. The yin and yang theory, wherein the left lapel represents the yang (which symbolizes life) suppresses the yin (which symbolizes death); therefore, youren is the clothing of the living while if it is worn in the opposite way in a style called Zuoren is also used by some minority ethic groups in China.

Many factors have contributed to the fashion of ancient China: beliefs, religions, wars, and the emperor"s personal liking.Qin dynasty, colours used in the sumptuary laws of the Han Chinese held symbolic meaning, based on the Taoist Five Elements Theory and the yin and yang theory; each dynasty favoured certain colours.Central Asian cultures to the west by way of the Silk Road.: 44–46: 312

In China, a systemic structure of clothing was first developed during the Shang dynasty, where colours, designs, and rules governing use was implemented across the social strata.

The rudiments of hanfu was developed in this period; the combination of upper and lower garments, called hemp or ramie.Tomb of Fu Hao in Anyang, which shows a person wearing a long narrow-sleeved yi with a wide band covering around waist, and a skirt underneath.yichang attire appears to have been designed for the aristocratic class.

Following the Shang dynasty, the Western Zhou dynasty, established a strict hierarchical society that used clothing as a status meridian, and inevitably, the height of one"s rank influenced the ornateness of a costume.: 255–261 Such markers included the fabric materials, the shape, size, colour of the clothing, the decorative pattern, the length of a skirt, the wideness of a sleeve, and the degree of ornamentation.: 255–261 There were strict regulations on the clothing of the emperor, feudal dukes, senior officials, soldiers, ancestor worshippers, brides, and mourners.: 255–261

The mianfu which were worn by emperors, princes and officials according to their titles.mianfu) when meeting with officials or if they had to work on official business.: 255–261Xuanduan could also worn by princes during sacrificial occasions and by scholars who would go pay respect to their parents in the morning.mianfu, bianfu, and xuanduan all consisted of four separate parts: a skirt underneath, a robe in the middle, a Chinese: 大带).Eastern Zhou dynasty was governed by strict rules which was used maintain social order and to distinguish social class.

In addition to these class-oriented developments, the daily hanfu in this period became slightly looser while maintaining the basic form the Shang dynastyyi was closed with a sash which was tied around the waist; jade decorations were sometimes hung from the sash.minority groups in Southwest China, wore hemp-based clothing.

The Zhou dynasty also formalized women"s wearing of ji showed a girl was already promised to a marriage.ji alone, however more commonly men wore ji with the

During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, numerous schools of thought emerged in China, including Confucianism; those different schools of thoughts naturally influenced the development of the clothing.Eastern Zhou dynasty dress code started to erode by the middle of Warring States period.Chu, Han, Qin, Wei, Yan, Qi and Zhao).: 255–261King Wuling of Zhao. This reform, commonly referred as Donghu, Linhu and Loufan people in battles to facilitate fighting capability.: 257

Based on the archaeological artifacts dating from the Eastern Zhou dynasty, ordinary men, peasants and labourers, were wearing a long sitao (Chinese: 丝套) being knotted at the waist over the top.youren yi was also worn with shanku of this period also influenced the Hufu.Xingyang Warring States period tomb.quju youren.

Skirts also appear to have been worn during the Warring States period based on archaeological artifacts and sculpted bronze figures,shanqun is the bronze armed warrior holding up chime bells from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.Jiangling County, Hubei province.

During the Warring States period, the : 9–14, a type of shenyi which wrapped in a spiral effect and had fuller sleeves, was found to be worn by tomb figurines of the same period.: 24shenyi was worn by aristocrats in the state of Chu.shenyi may have been partially due to the influence of Confucianism.shenyi remained the dominant form of Hanfu from the Zhou dynasty to the Qin dynasty and further to the Han dynasty.: 255–261

Although the Qin dynasty was short-lived, it set up a series of systems that impacted the later generations greatly. Following the unification of the seven states, Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered his people, regardless of distance and class, to follow a series of regulations in all forms of cultural aspects, including clothing.shenyi.: 183shenyi as a formal dress and was worn together with a : 16 The guan was used to distinguish social ranks; the use of guan was one of the distinctive features of the Hanfu system, and men could only wear it after the Adulthood ceremony known as : 16 And, although the Qin dynasty exempted Zhou dynasty"s mianfu as a ceremonial dress, while officials simply wore black robes.: 24: 183 In court, the officials wore hats, loose robes with carving knives hanging from the waist, holding ink brush between head and ears.: 24: 183 There was an increase in the popularity of robes with large sleeves with cuff laces among men.: 24: 183

A kneeling Terracotta army archer wearing with a shirt, an armoured jacket, a short skirt with underneath trousers, and a shallow-mouth shoes, Qin dynasty

In ordinary times, men wore : 16 Merchants, regardless of their wealth, were never allowed to wear clothing made of silk.trousers, and skirts; they braided their hairs or simply wore skull caps and kerchiefs.: 23–33: 183裙; "skirt"; called xie (衺) in Qin dynasty), shangru (上襦; "jacket"), daru (大襦; "outwear") and bamboo slip called Zhiyi (制衣; "Making clothes").Terracotta army also show the differences between soldiers and officers" clothing wherein the elites wore long gown while all the commoners wore shorter jackets; they also wore headgears which ranged from simple head cloths to formal official caps.

An Eastern Han carved stone tomb door showing a man wearing trousers underneath a long robe with a hat, stored in Sichuan Provincial Museum in Chengdu

In the beginning of the Han dynasty, there was no restrictions on the clothing worn by common people.Western Han, the imperial edicts on the use of general clothing were not specific enough to be restrictive to the people, and were not enforced to a great degree.: 4 It was the Emperor Ming of Han formalized the dress code of Han dynasty in 59 AD, during the Eastern Han.: 255–261 According to the new dress code, the emperor had to be dressed in a black-coloured upper garment and in an ocher yellow-coloured lower garment.: 255–261 The Yiji 《尚书益稷》records the 12 ornaments used on the sacrificial garments which were used to differentiate social ranks in the earlier times.: 255–261: 16

Throughout the years, Han dynasty women commonly also wore ruqun of various colours.: 4 During the Qin and Han dynasties, women wore skirts which was composed of four pieces cloth sewn together; a belt was often attached to the skirt, but the use of a separate belt was sometimes used by women.: 36

The male farmers, workers, businessmen and scholars, were all dressed in similar fashion during the Han dynasty; jackets, aprons, and zhijupao and it was worn with trousers.guan on their heads.: 181–203 The : 181–203: 16 The emperors wore yuanyouguan were worn by dukes and princes; jinxianguan was worn by civil officials while military officials wore : 16 The kerchief was a piece of clothing that wrapped around the head, and it symbolized the status of adulthood in men.: 181–203 One form of kerchief was ze (帻); it was a headband that keep the head warm during cold weather.: 181–203 Men and women also wore a lined, long robe called paofu.: 12–13

A reconstruction of the Daoyin tu (an exercise chart showing "Guiding and Pulling Chart"), excavated from the Mawangdui Tomb 3 (sealed in 168BC) in the former kingdom of Changsha

A late Eastern Han Chinese tomb mural showing lively scenes of a banquet, dance and music, acrobatics, and wrestling, from the Dahuting Han Tomb in Henan, China

Minor military official depicted on Han dynasty stone relief found in Deng county, Henan. The "Wuguan"(武冠) hat with pheasant-tail decorations denominates martial status.

Scholars depicted on Han dynasty pictorial brick, discovered in Chengdu. Scholars wore hats called Jinxian Guan (进贤冠) to denominate educational status.

Ornaments and jewelries, such as rings, earrings, bracelets, necklace, and hairpins, and hair sticks were common worn in China by the time of Han dynasty.: 384–417ji evolved to zanzi added with dangling decorations that would sway when the wearer walk and was unique to the Han Chinese women.: 384–417

The Han dynasty continued to evolve. During this period, 220–589 AD, the robe became loose on the wearer"s body so a wide band functioned as belt was in use to organise the fitting, and the sleeves of the robe changed to "wide-open" instead of cinched at the wrist; this style is referred as : 312–330Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.: 312–330 The bao yi bo dai style appears to have been a northern Han Chinese style, and the popularity of the robe was a result of the widespread Taoism.: 312–330Jin dynasty, in particular, while many clothing of the Han dynasty were maintained, scholars and adherents of Neo-Taoism rejected the traditional court dress and retreated from the rigid Confucian system; this showed up in how they would dress themselves.paofu gradually changed into a more simple and casual style, while the style of women"s paofu increased in complexity.Three Kingdoms and Jin period, especially during the Eastern Jin period (317 – 420 AD), aristocratic women sought for a carefree life style after the collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty"s ethical code; this kind of lifestyle influenced the development of women"s clothing, which became more elaborate.xian (髾; long swirling silk ribbons) and shao (襳; a type of triangular pieces of decorative embroidered-cloth) on the lower hem of the robe that hanged like banners and formed a "layered effect".Northern and Southern dynasties by both men and women, as seen in the lacquered screen found in the Northern Wei tomb ofSima Jinlong (ca. 483 A.D); however, there were some minor alterations to the robe, such as higher waistline and the sleeves are usually left open in a dramatic flare.

Shoes worn during this period included lü (履; regular shoes for formal occasions), ji (屐; high, wooden clogs for informal wear), and shoes with tips which would curl upward.: 312–330xue), quekua (缺胯; an open-collared robe with tight sleeves; it cannot cover the undershirt), hood and cape ensemble were introduced by northern nomads in China.: 312–330 Tomb inventories found during this period include: fangyi (方衣; square garment), shan (衫; shirt), hanshan (汗衫; sweatshirt), ru (襦; lined jacket), ku (裤), liangdang (两裆; vest), ao (袄; multi-layered lined jacket), xi (褶; a type of jacket), xiku (褶裤; jacket with trousers).: 312–330 During this period, the black gauze hats with a flat top and an ear at either side appeared and were popular for both men and women.

Although they had their own cultural identity, the Cao Wei (220–266 AD) and the Western Jin (266–316 AD) dynasties continued the cultural legacy of the Han dynasty.: 384–417 Clothing during the Three Kingdoms era and the clothing in Jin dynasty (266–420 AD) roughly had the same basic forms as the Han dynasty with special characteristics in their styles; the main clothing worn during those times are: ku, and qiu (裘; a fur coat).paofu while peasants wore shanku consisting of short jackets and ku.: 23–33 Male commoners wore similar dress as Han dynasty male commoner did; archeological artefacts of this period depict male commoners wearing a full-sleeved, knee-length youren jacket; man"s hairstyle is usually a topknot or a flat cap used for head covering.: 312–330 Female commoners dressed in similar fashion as their male counterpart but their jacket was sometimes depicted longer; they also wore long skirt or trousers. Attendants (not to be confused with servants) on the other hand are depicted wearing two layers of garment and wore a long skirt reaching the ground with long flowing sleeved jacket.: 312–330 The jacket is sometimes closed with a belt or a fastener.: 312–330 White colour was the colour worn by commoner people during the Three Kingdoms and Jin period.Jiayuguan bricks painting.: 312–330

The dakouku remained popular.Dakouku that were bounded with strings at the knees were also called Western Jin, it was popular to use a felt cord to bind dakouku.: 312–330kuzhe was a very popular style of clothing during the Northern and Southern dynasties and was a Hanfu created by assimilating non-Han Chinese cultures.: 384–417 The "Jin style" belts were later exported to several foreign ethnicities (including the Murong Xianbei, the Kingdom of Buyeo, the early Türks and the Eurasian Avars); these belts was later imitated by the Murong Xianbei and Buyeo before evolving into the golden parade belts with hanging metal straps of Goguryeo and Silla.: 384–417

Due to the frequent wars in this era, mass migration occurred and resulted in several ethnics living together with communication exchange; as such, this period marked an important time of cultural integration and cultural blending, including the cultural exchange of clothings.: 181–203trousers and xi (褶; a tight sleeved, close fitting long jacket, length reaching below crotch and above knees), while the rulers from northern minorities favoured the court dress of the Han Chinese.Yellow River, the popularity of the ethnic minorities" Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern dynasties period.

Liangdang (两裆; 兩襠) is a type of undershirt or waistcoat worn in Northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period;armour, also named liangdang, which was worn during this period.: 333–334

During the Northern and Southern dynasties, the dressing style followed the style of the Three Kingdoms and Jin dynasty; robes, skirts, trousers, short jackets, sleeveless jackets were worn while fur coats, especially marten coats, were very rare.youren opening tradition.youren opening.xuanyi (玄衣; dark cloth); however, there were regulations in terms of fabric materials used.

Men wearing kuzhe with xi depicted on a Southern dynasty brick relief, unearthed in Dengxian, Henan, 1958. depicted on a Southern dynasty brick relief, unearthed in Dengxian, Henan, 1958.

In the Northern dynasties (386 - 581 AD), ordinary women always wore short jackets and coats.Xianbei founded the Northern Wei dynasty in 398 A.D. and continued to wear their traditional, tribal nomadic clothing to denote themselves as members of the ruling elite until c. 494 A.D. when Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei decreed a prohibition of Xianbei clothing among many other prohibition on Xianbei culture (e.g. language, Xianbei surnames) as a form of sinicization policies and allowed the intermarriage between Xianbei and Chinese elites.Wei shu even claimed that the Xianbei rulers were descendants of Yellow Emperor, just like the Han Chinese, despite being non-Chinese.Yungang caves temples near Datong and in the earliest carvings at Longmen, whereas in the first third of the 6th century, the patrons tend to appear in Chinese-style clothing in the majority of Northern Wei caves at Longmen; this change in clothing style has been suggested to be the result of sinicization policies regarding the adoption of Chinese-style clothing in the Northern Wei court.: 384–417 Earliest images of nomadic Xianbei-style dress in China tend to be depicted as a knee-length tunic with narrow sleeves, with a front opening, which can typically be collarless, round-collared, and sometimes be V-neck collared; men and women tend to wear that knee-length tunic over trousers for men and long, ground-length skirts for women.zuoren.: 384–417xianbei hat (鮮卑帽; xianbei mao).: 312–330

Despite the sinicization policies attempted by the Northern Wei court, the nomadic style clothing continued to exist in China until Tang dynasty.: 312–330: 424 In the Shuiyusi temple of Xiangtangshan Caves dated back to Northern dynasties, male worshippers are usually dressed in Xianbei style attire while women are dressed in Han Chinese style attire wearing skirts and high-waisted, wrap-style robes with wide sleeves.Western Wei (which was more sinicized) and the Eastern Wei (which was less sinicized and resented the sinicized court of Northern Wei).: 384–417

At the end of the Northern and Southern dynasties, foreign immigrants started to settle in China; most of those foreign immigrants were traders and buddhists missionaries from Central Asia.Cultural diversity was also the most striking feature in China in the sixth-century AD.Tomb of Xu Xianxiu of the Northern Qi, various types of attire are depicted which reflect the internationalism and multiculturalism of the Northern Qi; many of the attire styles are derived from Central Asia or nomadic designs.flying-bird bun; she is wearing a Han Chinese cross-collared, wide-sleeves attire which has the basic clothing design derived from the Han dynasty attire with some altered designs, such as a high waistline and wide standing collar.ladies-in-waiting of Xu Xianxiu"s wife are wearing narrow-sleeved clothing which look more closely related to Xianbei-style or Central Asian-style clothing; yet this Xianbei style of attire is different from the depictions of Xianbei-style attire worn before 500 AD.

The wife of Xu Xianxiu is wearing Han Chinese style clothing which derived from Han prototype with altered details such as high-waist and wide standing collar; Mural from Xu Xianxiu Tomb, Northern Qi, 571 AD.

Of note, significant changes occurred to the form of the garments which had been originally introduced by the Xianbei and other Turkic people who had settled in northern China after the fall of the Han dynasty; for example, in the arts and literature which dates from the 5th century, their male clothing appeared to represent the ethnicity of its wearer, but in the 6th century, the attire lost its ethnic significance and did not denote its wearer as Xianbei or non-Chinese.Sui and early Tang dynasties regardless of ethnicity.steppe clothing.

The Sui and the Tang dynasties developed the pinsefu (品色服), which was a colour grading clothing system to differentiate social ranking; this colour grading system for clothing then continued to be developed in the subsequent dynasties.

Following the unification of China under the Sui dynasty, the Sui court abolished the Northern Zhou rituals and adopted the rituals, practices and ideas of the Han and Cao Wei dynasties, and the clothing code of the Han dynasty was restored.Western Jin and Northern Qi.Emperor Gaozu, would wear gunyi (衮衣; dragon robe) on suburban rites and visits to ancestral temple.

Emperor Yangdi later reformed the dress code in accordance of the ancient customs and news sets of imperial clothing were made.rongyi (戎衣) attire.baishamao (白紗帽; white gauze cap), and the wushamao was popular and was worn from court officials to commoners.quefeiguan was also replaced by the

During the Sui dynasty, an imperial decree which regulated clothing colour stated that lower class could only wear muted blue or black clothing; upper class on the other hand were allowed to wear brighter colours, such as red and blue.ruqun consisting of short jackets and long skirts.Empire dresses of Napoleonic France; however, the construction of the assemble differed from the ones worn in Western countries as Han Chinese women assemble consisted of a separate skirt and upper garment which show low décolletage.: 23–33 In this period, ordinary men did not wear skirts anymore.

Many elements of the Tang dynasty clothing traditions was inherited from the Sui dynasty.: 181–203 During the Tang dynasty, yellow-coloured robes and shirts was reserved for emperors; a tradition which was kept until the Qing dynasty.: 181–203 Moreover, the subjects of Tang dynasty was forbidden from using ochre yellow colour as Emperor Gaozu used this colour for his informal clothing.: 181–203futou along with the panling lanshan.: 181–203 Dragons-with-three-claws emblems also started to be depicted on the clothings of court officials above third ranks and on the clothing of princes; these dragon robes were first documented in 694 AD during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian.: 33 Common people wore white and soldiers wore black.

Common women attire in the Tang dynasty included shan (衫; a long overcoat or long blouse), ru (襦; a short sweater), pibo (披帛), and qun (裙; usually wide, loose skirt which was almost ankle-length). The pibo (披帛), also known as pei (帔) in the Tang dynasty, is a long silk scarf; however it is not used to cover neck, sometimes it covers shoulders and other times just hangs from elbow.pibo (披帛).Ming dynasty.empire-waisted skirt tied just below the bust-line with ribbons also strongly influenced the Korean Hanbok.

The women"s clothing in the early Tang dynasty was quite similar to the clothing in the Sui dynasty; the upper garment was a short-sleeved short jacket with a low-cut; the lower garment was a tight-fitting skirt which was tied generally above the waist, and sometimes even up to the armpits, and a scarf was wrapped around their shoulders.: 23–33banbi was commonly worn on top of a plain top and was worn together with high-waisted, striped or one-colour A-line skirt in the seventh century.: 5

In the middle of the Tang dynasty, women who had a plump appearance were favoured; and thus, the clothings became looser, the sleeves became longer and wider, the upper garment became strapless, and a silk unlined upper garment was worn; they wore Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, called Yang Guifei, although archeological evidence shows that this ideal form of female body had emerged before Yang Guifei"s ascension to power in the imperial court.

Another form of popular fashion in women"s attire during the Tang dynasty is the wearing of male clothing; it was fashionable for women to dress in male attire in public and in everyday live, especially during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao (742 -756 AD) periods; this fashion started among the members of the nobility and the court maids and gradually spread in the community.futou, and dark leather boots.Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties and adopted them in the official costumes of the military and civil officials.: 384–417 In some instances, however, Han Chinese-style robe continued to be depicted in arts showing court officials.yuanlingpao was worn by both men and women.

The shoes worn by Han Chinese were lü (履), xi (shoes with thick soles), women"s boots, and ji (屐; wooden clogs) with two spikes were worn when walking outside on muddy roads; in the South, xueji (靴屐; a type of boot-like clog) was developed.: 5

The Tang dynasty represents a golden age in China"s history, where the arts, sciences and economy were thriving. Female dress and personal adornments in particular reflected the new visions of this era, which saw unprecedented trade and interaction with cultures and philosophies alien to Chinese borders. Although it still continues the clothing of its predecessors such as Han and Sui dynasties, fashion during the Tang dynasty was also influenced by its cosmopolitan culture and arts. Where previously Chinese women had been restricted by the old Confucian code to closely wrapped, concealing outfits, female dress in the Tang dynasty gradually became more relaxed, less constricting and even more revealing.Gandhara, Turkestan, Persia and Greece. The stylistic influences of these cultures were fused into Tang-style clothing without any one particular culture having especial prominence.

An example of foreign influence on Tang"s women clothing is the use of garment with a low-cut neckline.yuanlingpao. Long Persian trousers and knickers were also worn by women as a result of the cultural and economic exchanges which took place.Central Asia could be worn by men and were also used as main garment for cross-dressing attendants or could be draped across the shoulders like a cloak.: 311Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian; and after that, during the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, women started wearing a veil-less hat called Yonghui reign the veil with hat was worn.

It was also fashionable for noble women to wear An Lushan Rebellion.: 74Uyghur empire collapsed, the Uyghur refugees fled to Xinjiang and to the Southeast of Tang frontier to seek refuge, and in 843 AD, all the Uighur living in China had to wear Chinese-style clothing.

The influence of hufu eventually faded after the High Tang period, and women"s clothing gradually regain a broad and loose fitting, and more traditional Han style clothing was restored.Court ladies adorning their hair with flowers" (簪花仕女圖; Zanhua shinü tu), a painting attributed to the painter Zhou Fang, women clothing was depicted as a sleeveless gown which was worn under a robe with wide sleeves, with the use of a shawl as an ornament; some of the women painted are fashioned with skirts while others are seen wearing an overskirt above on an underskirt; it is speculated that shawls and cloaks during this period were made from a silk-netted sheer gauze fabric material.

Lady musicians in a raised-relief, Tomb of Wang Chuzhi (d. 923AD) from the Capital Museum in Beijing, dated to the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms Period (907-960 AD).

The Song dynasty clothing system was established at the beginning of the Northern Song dynasty. Clothes could be classified into two major types: officials garments (further differentiated between court clothing and daily wear), and the garment for ordinary people.: 1–7 Some features of Tang dynasty clothing were carried into the Song dynasty, such as court dress.

The clothes worn by Song dynasty emperors are collectively called tianzi apparel (天子服饰; the emperor"s apparel).: 1–7 The apparels worn when attending sacrificial and worshipping ceremonies were daqiumian (大裘冕; a type of mianfu), gunmian (衮冕; a type of mianfu), and lüpao (履袍).: 1–7 The emperor"s daily wears were shanpao (衫袍) and zhaipao (窄袍). The yuyue fu (御阅服) was the formal military uniform worn by the Song dynasty Emperors and only came into existence in the Southern Song dynasty.: 1–7 The crown prince would wear the gunmian (衮冕) when he would accompanied the emperor to sacrificial ceremonies, and he would wear yuanyouguanfu (远游冠服) and zhumingfu (朱明衣) on less formal but important occasions such as nobility conferring and appointment, when paying visits to the founding ancestor"s temple and when attending court meetings which are held by the Emperor.: 1–7 The Crown prince also wear purple official dress, gold and jade waistband, and wore a folding-up black muslin scarf on his head.: 1–7

Although some of clothing in the Song dynasty have similarities with previous dynasties, some unique characteristics separate it from the rest.: 181–203: 181–203 the revival of Confucianism influenced the women clothing of the Song dynasty; Confucians in the Song dynasty revered antiquity and wanted to revive some old ideas and customs and encouraged women to reject the extravagance of the Tang dynasty fashion.Rites of Zhou on how to dress accordingly to ceremonial events and carefully chose ornaments which were graded for each occasion based on the classic rituals.: 1–7, 31 Song dynasty empresses wear the : 1–7, 31 Imperial concubines like the colour yellow and red; the pomegranate colour skirt was also popular in the Song dynasty.: 5 Collar edges and sleeve edges of all clothes that have been excavated were decorated with laces or embroidered patterns. Such clothes were decorated with patterns of peony, camellia, plum blossom, and lily, etc.: 5

According to the Song dynasty"s regulations, ordinary people were only allowed to wear white clothes; but at some point, the regulations changed and ordinary people, as well as administrative clerks and intellectuals, were able to wear black clothes.

One of the common clothing styles for woman during the Song dynasty was beizi, which were usually regarded as shirt or jacket and could be matched with qun (裙; skirt) or : 32–59 There are two size of beizi: the short one is crown rump length and the long one extended to the knees.Zhu Xi, women should wear an overcoat, a long skirt, and the beizi.: 32–59 Women also wore the liangpian qun (两片裙), a wrap skirt which consist of two pieces of fabric sewn to a separate, single waistband with ties.

In addition, Neo-Confucian philosophies also determined the conduct code of the scholars.: 181–203 The Neo-Confucians re-constructed the meaning of the Zhu Xi and Shaoyong, made their own version of the scholar gown, shenyi, based on The book of Rites, while scholars such as Jin Lüxiang promoted it among his peers.: 15 However, the shenyi used as a scholar gown was not popular in the Song dynasty and was even considered as "strange garment" despite some scholar-officials appreciated it.: 15

In the capital of Southern Song, clothing-style from Northern China were popular.: 5 The Song dynasty court repeatedly banned people (i.e. common people, literati, and women) from wearing clothing and ornaments worn by Khitan people, such as felt hats, and from the wearing of exotic clothing.: 32–59 They also banned clothing with colours which was associated to Khitan clothing; such as aeruginous or yellowish-black.: 32–59 They also banned people, except for drama actors, from wearing Jurchen and Khitan diaodun (釣墩; a type of lower garment where the socks and trousers were connected to each other) due to its foreign ethnic nature.: 32–59horses and donkeys, in order to relieve embarrassment and to conceal their bodies.Yuan and Ming dynasties.

The rulers of the Liao dynasty adopted a clothing system which allowed the coexistence of Han Chinese and Khitan clothing.: 32–59 The Khitan court adopted both the guofu (國服; Khitan National garments) and hanfu, which the Khitan inherited from the Later Jin dynasty and were actually clothing from the Tang dynasty.: 15guofu of the Liao dynasty was also heavily influenced by the Hanfu system.: 57

The Han Chinese men living in the Liao dynasty were not required to wear the shaved Khitan hairstyle which Khitan men wore to distinguish their ethnicity, unlike the Qing dynasty which mandated wearing of the Manchu hairstyle for men.haner families, for example the Zhang and Hann families, often depicts men dressed in Khitan clothing in corridors and antechambers while inner culture shows haner culture.Haner men adopted and/or combined Hanfu with Khitan clothing and boots, wore Hanfu or wore Khitan clothes. Han women on the other hand did not adopt Khitan dress and continued wearing Hanfu.: 48, 52–53haner families) who died in the early 12th century during the late Liao dynasty depict Khitan-style clothing in the antechamber whereas women in Hanfu-style clothing is seen in the painting found in the inner chamber.: 44–45 Another example can be seen in a mural painting found in the tomb of Zhao Wenzao, where children and servants are depicted wearing Khitan hairstyles and Khitan-style clothing, while the woman who is standing behind the table is depicted in Han Chinese clothing.: 46–47 Han Chinese women living in the Southern Division and Haner women were culture bearers, who generally preserved Han Chinese culture and continued to wear Hanfu which was worn prior to the conquest.

Children and servants wear Khitan-style clothing and hairstyle; the standing women wears Song-style hanfu, Mural painting from the Tomb of Zhang Kuangzheng (M10), Liao dynasty, 1058-1093 AD.

Women wearing Song-style clothing, consisting of shanqun (upper garment over skirt) and beizi, inner chamber of the Tomb of Zhang Kuangzheng, Liao dynasty.

The Jin dynasty rulers imitated the Song dynasty and decided to establish their own carriages and apparel system.: 32–59 In the early period of the Jin dynasty, the Jin dynasty court first attempted to impose Jurchen hairstyle and clothes on the Han Chinese population in 1126 AD and in 1129 AD.: 281 The Hanfu-style clothing was prohibited and the people had to wear a short scarf and left-lapelled clothing; if they did not obey, they were put to death.: 32–59 The Jurchen queue and shaving hairstyle was not enforced on the Han Chinese in the Jin after an initial attempt to do so which was a rebuke to Jurchen values.Wanyan Liang who was Pro-Chinese allowing the Han Chinese to wear their Han clothing by lifting the ban in 1150 AD.: 281 After the occupation of the Northern Song territories by the Jurchens in 1127 AD, the Han Chinese who were living in Northern Song territories became the majority while the Jurchen became an ethnic minority; this led the Jurchens to make political concessions allowing the Han Chinese to practice Han Chinese culture.

In 1161-1189 AD, many Jurchens appear to have begun adopting Han Chinese behavior and forgetting their own traditions and languages; therefore, the Emperor Shizong of Jin prohibited the Jurchens from dressing like the Han Chinese in 1191 AD as he wanted to revitalize the old Jurchen culture.: 281sinicized so much that they were almost indistinguishable from the Han Chinese in terms of dress, literacy and social customs.Southern Song dynasty who visited the former territories of the Song dynasty noted that there have been changes in the people"s culture and that the Han Chinese"s clothing style had also been influenced by the Jurchens in terms of adoption of items; they also noted that the only thing which had not changed much was the women"s clothing style.: 32–59Yuan dynasty as a signature pattern on men"s and women"s clothing.: 51

During the Yuan dynasty, Mongol dress was the clothing of elite for both genders.Tang dynasty and Song dynasty.Mongols never imposed Mongol customs on the Han Chinese.

Chinese tomb occupants wearing Mongol-style clothing. The female tomb occupant is depicted wearing the woman"s red Mongol robe under a short overjacket but does not wear the gugu hat, Shazishan Tomb Fresco, Yuan Dynasty.

The type of clothing worn in the Yuan dynasty may have also served as a political statement; for example, despite not being the clothing of the ruling elite, the Tang-Song style clothing worn in multiple layers continued to be worn by families who showed that they were resisting the rule of the Mongols.

As soon as the Hongwu Emperor conquered the Yuan dynasty, he decried the "barbarian customs" of the Yuan dynasty and how people imitated the Mongols for personal gains; and so, he called for the restoration of Han Chinese traditions, which included the proper forms of dress, hairstyles, and attires.Veritable Records of Hongwu Emperor (太祖實錄), a detailed official account of daily activities of Hongwu Emperor written by court historians, he restored the entire clothing system to the standard of the Tang dynasty shortly after the founding of Ming dynasty:

"On the Renzi day in the second month of the first year of Hongwu era (Feb 29th, 1368 CE), Hongwu emperor decreed that all fashions of clothing and headwear shall be restored to the standard of Tang, all citizens shall gather their hairs on top of their heads, and officials shall wear the Wu Sha Mao (black-cloth hats), round-collar robes, belts, and black boots." ("洪武元年二月壬子...至是，悉命復衣冠如唐制，士民皆束髮於頂，官則烏紗帽，圓領袍，束帶，黑靴。")

The attempt was to signified the Han Chinese cultural identity after defeating the Yuan dynasty.: 44–46Zhou, Han, Tang, and Song dynasties.: 181–203 He also promulgated several decrees to ban Mongol and nomadic clothing style.Zhengde Emperor.

The Ming dynasty developed a new attire from Yuan dynasty"s terlig: tieli was mainly worn by the upper class and rarely worn by the lower class.Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, tieli were recorded as ch"obli (帖裡), bestowed as present by the Ming dynasty from the year 1424; however, the terlig-style attires found in both countries differed from each other in terms of form and historical development.xiaowei (校尉; guards of honour), the brocade guards, and by court servants.scholar-officials during the mid-to-late period of the Ming dynasty; and eventually it was worn by Ming court eunuchs, servants and commoners in the late Ming.

The damao by the family servants of the Ming officials and the imperial family contributed popularity spread of that hat which eventually become a symbol of low-ranking servants.

The founder of the Ming dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor, saw the fundamentality of making a new dress code to consolidate his rule; he spent almost all his reigning years developing and institutionalizing dressing regulations, which were recorded in various compilation of texts, such as the Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty.Tang and Song dynasties.

"Officials’ robes should fit their bodies. The length of those worn by civil officials is one inch from the ground. The sleeves should be long enough to reach the elbows when they are folded back from the end of the hands; they should be one foot wide, with cuffs of nine inches wide. The sizes of nobles (gonghou), and imperial sons-in-law"s robes are the same as civil officials’. So are the sizes of seniors and primary degree holders’ robe, except for the sleeves, which are three inches from the elbow when folded from the hands. A commoners’ robe is five inches from the ground. So is a military official"s; their sleeves should be seven inches over their hands, with cuffs as broad as their fists. Soldiers’ clothes are seven inches from the ground, with sleeves five inches longer than their hands, and seven inches wide. Their cuffs are wide enough only for their fists to stretch out".

In the Ming dynasty, the inner garment that people wore were called neidan (内单).yishanguan were only worn by emperors and other members of the royal family on formal occasions.: 18 Officials wore different wore robes of various colours and patterns; they also wore gauze hats.guanfu (官服), depending on occasions and events: chaofu (朝服; court dress), the jifu (祭服; sacrificial ceremony dress), the gongfu (公服; public service dress), the changfu (常服; everyday dress), and the yanfu (燕服; casual or leisure clothing).Mandarin square, and were differentiated between officials" ranks. Minor differences can be observed between the Mandarin squares decreed by the Hongwu Emperor and the Jiajing Emperor.

Ten Officials Who Passed The Imperial Examination In The Same Year of 1464 (甲申十同年圖), painted in 1503 during one of their reunions. The presence of yapai (牙牌; lit. "Tusk Card"; the rectangular ornaments, that hanged from each official"s left waist, are ivory plaques that engraved with the wearer"s department, position, rank and instructions; Yapai were visitor"s badge that granted passage into the Forbidden City for officials to have an audience with the emperor) implies that this scene was painted shortly after a court meeting. During the Ming dynasty, both civil and military officials were divided into nine Ranks (品), each Rank was further subdivided into Primary (正) and Secondary (從) so there were technically eighteen Ranks, with First Rank Primary (正一品) being the highest and the Ninth Rank Secondary (從九品) the lowest. Officials of the upper four Ranks (from First Rank Primary to Fourth Rank Secondary) were entitled to wear the red robes; mid-Ranks (Fifth Rank Primary to Seventh Rank Secondary) to wear blue robes and the lower Ranks (Eighth Rank Primary to Ninth Rank Secondary) to wear green robes. In addition, each exact Rank was indicated by a picture of unique animal (either real or legendary) sewn in a Mandarin square on both the front and back of the robe, so fellow officials could identify someone"s Rank from afar.

The Jiajing Emperor was the last ruler of the Ming dynasty; he made significant changes to the Ming dynasty dressing code in order to consolidate his imperial authority.yanfu (燕服; casual or leisure clothing), as he found his own yanfu too vulgar and too common to befit his imperial status.yanfu"s new statutes, adjusted from the ancient yanbian guanfu (燕弁冠服; "Dress of the Casual Hat"), designed for the emperor, was in colour black bordered with a green trim and featured 143 dragons, with a dragon medallion on the front of the clothing.zhongjing guanfu (忠靜冠服 or 忠靖冠服; "Dress of Loyalty and Tranquility"), designed for the ranked officials, was dark green in colour; while cloud patterns were granted to the robe for third-rank and above officials, fourth-rank and below officials had to wear plain robes.baohe guanfu (保和冠服; "Dress of Preserving Harmony"), designed for the royal princes), was in colour green and bordered with a green trim, and had two rank badges that showed dragon designs.

The shenyi suddenly made a comeback among Han Chinese and became the formal scholar official robe when the Ming dynasty was founded in 1368 AD.sifang pingding jin (四方平定巾; flat-top square hat), the fangjin (方巾).daopao was worn as a casual dress by all levels of society, including the External officials and eunuchs.

Though the Ming dynasty restored Hanfu, the dynasty also brought many changes.xiongbei (胸背; central badges) found on the official cloths became square in shape, different from Song dynasty"s round shape.: 51 Compared with the clothing of the Tang dynasty, the proportion of the upper outer garment to lower skirt in the Ming dynasty was significantly inverted.

The Ming dynasty implemented the use of gold and silver interlocking buckles to close clothing and collars.pifeng daily, the ru (short jacket) with a skirt and a short over skirt (yaoqun), the ao (袄; a long jacket) which is worn with a skirt, and the : 48–51 The shuitianyi was also worn in the late Ming dynasty.: 48–51 Han Chinese women also wore dudou as an underwear.

While clothing regulation were strictly enforced in the early Ming dynasty; it started to weaken in the Mid-Ming dynasty (around the early 16th century) which has been attributed to the failing of ritual practice and the expansion of commercialization which has led to a weakened state control over the clothing system, and thus to an eventual dress code transgression.

When Han Chinese ruled the Vietnamese in the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam due to the Ming dynasty"s conquest during the Ming–Hồ War they imposed the Han Chinese style of men wearing long hair on short haired Vietnamese men. Vietnamese were ordered to stop cutting and instead grow their hair long and switch to Hanfu in only a month by a Ming official. Ming administrators said their mission was to civilized the unorthodox Vietnamese barbarians.teeth blackening so they could have white teeth and long hair like Chinese.Complete Chronicle of Dai Viet of Ngô Sĩ Liên in the Later Lê dynasty.Nguyen dynasty the Vietnamese themselves were ordering Cambodian Khmer to adopt Han Chinese culture by ceasing "barbarous" habits like cropping hair and ordering them to grow it long besides making them replace skirts with trousers.

Hanbok was influenced by the Hanfu of the Ming dynasty. The Joseon dynasty monarchy looked to Ming China for cultural inspiration. The upper classes and the court of Joseon wore Ming-style clothing but also made a few modifications to make the clothing look distinctively Korean; this led to the formation of the women"s hanbok style.

In the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, Jurchen people mainly wore Zuojun gowns. The robes and clothes of the Manchus before entering the customs are called "yijie" in Manchu. They are clothes worn by men, women and children throughout the year. Each gown is cut from a whole piece of clothing. The basic structure is a round neck, a large flap, a left gusset, four-sided slits, a waistband and horseshoe sleeves.

It was mistakenly thought that the hunting ancestors of the Manchus skin clothes became Qing dynasty clothing, due to the contrast between Ming dynasty clothes unshaped cloth"s straight length contrasting to the odd-shaped pieces of Qing dynasty chaofu.: 103 Scholars from the west initially wrongly thought these clothing were purely Manchu as the early Manchu rulers wrote several edicts stressing on maintaining their traditions and clothing.: 103 However, there is evidence from excavated tombs which indicates that China had a long tradition of garments that led to the development of the Qing chaofu, and it was not invented or introduced by Manchus in the Qing dynasty or Mongols in the Yuan dynasty. In some cases, the Qing dynasty went further than the Ming dynasty in imitating ancient China to display legitimacy with resurrecting ancient Chinese rituals to claim the Mandate of Heaven after studying Chinese classics. Qing sacrificial ritual vessels deliberately resemble ancient Chinese ones even more than Ming vessels.: 106 Tungusic people on the Amur river like Udeghe, Ulchi and Nanai adopted Chinese influences in their religion and clothing with Chinese dragons on ceremonial robes, scroll and spiral bird and monster mask designs, Chinese New Year, using silk and cotton, iron cooking pots, and heated house from China during the Ming dynasty.

The Spencer Museum of Art has six nobility of the Qing dynasty which shows the diversity of the late 18th and 19th century non-imperial dragon robes.: 115 Ranked officials and Han Chinese nobles had two slits in the skirts while Manchu nobles and the Imperial family had 4 slits in skirts. All first, second and third rank officials as well as Han Chinese and Manchu nobles were entitled to wear 9 dragons by the Qing Illustrated Precedents. Qing sumptuary laws only allowed four clawed dragons for officials, Han Chinese nobles and Manchu nobles while the Qing Imperial family, emperor and princes up to the second degree and their female family members were entitled to wear five clawed dragons. However officials violated these laws all the time and wore 5 clawed dragons and the Spencer Museum"s 6 long pao worn by Han Chinese nobles have 5 clawed dragons on them.: 117

Wives of Han Chinese noblemen and high-ranking officials had to wear semi-official formal dresses on ceremonial events; their clothing consisted of a mang ao (a four-clawed dragon loose fitting jacket with wide sleeves), a mang chu (a dragon skirt which was embroidered with dragons and phoenixes on the front and back skirt panels), a jiao dai (a rigid hooped belt which was worn around the jacket) and a phoenix coronet.mang ao was red in colour if the wearer was a man"s principle wife; it was originally undecorated but started to be decorated with dragon by the 18th century.xiapei was developed from the xiapei worn in Ming dynasty; the xiapei in Qing was first worn when the wedding day of a woman; after the wedding, she would wear it for special important events which were connected with her husband"s status.

The Qing dynasty court continued to reform and regulate the clothing of its subjects, but discussion on ethnic clothing was a sensitive topic even after the Qing dynasty had consolidated its rule.Qianlong Emperor commissioned the Illustrated Precedents for the Ritual Paraphernalia of the Imperial Court (Huangchao Liqi Tushi) which was published and enforced by 1766; this publication covered several aspects including the dressing and accessories of the emperors, princes, noblemen and their consorts, Manchu officials, their wives and daughters, and the dress codes for Han Chinese men officials who had reached the rank of mandarin and were employed and their wives; as well as Han Chinese men who were waiting for an official appointment.: 2–3Huangchao Liqi Tushi continued to be used as the standard for the court attire until the end of the Qing dynasty.: 2–3 The Manchu continued to use the five colours symbolism in their clothings which was in line with the previous Han Chinese dynasties; however, they chose the colour blue as their dynasty colour and generally avoided the use of red colour in their clothing because red was the dynasty colour of Ming dynasty.

When the Manchus established the Qing dynasty, the authorities issued decrees having Han Chinese men to adopt Manchu hairstyle by shaving their hair on the front of the head and braiding the hair on the back of the head into pigtails. The resistances against the hair shaving policy were suppressed.

The Qing imposed the shaved head hairstyle on men of all ethnicities under its rule even before 1644 like upon the Nanai people in the 1630s who had to shave their foreheads.tifayifu edict was issued;tifayifu policy implementation, Han Chinese still resisted against the order of shaving the hair and changing into Manchu clothing frequently.emperor Kangxi"s reign, a large number of ordinary people continued to wear Ming dynasty hairstyles and clothing; however, the Han Chinese officials and military generals had to wear the queue and Manchu clothing.Salar people and Uyghur people already shaved all their heads bald so the shaving order was redundant.Tusi autonomous chiefdoms in Southwestern China where many minorities lived. There was one Han Chinese Tusi, the Chiefdom of Kokang populated by Han Kokang people.

During the Qianlong reign, Liu Zhenyu was executed for urging the return of presumably Ming dynasty clothing.Eight Banners members and Han men serving as government officials, but not the entire male population; therefore, Han Chinese men were allowed to continue to dress in Ming dynasty clothing.changshan and the magua.

In the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan passed orders for Japanese men to shave the pate on the front of their head (the : 217 This was similar to the Qing dynasty queue order imposed by Dorgon making men shave the pates on the front of their heads.: 214 During the late Qing dynasty, the Vietnamese envoy to Qing were still wearing the official attire in Ming dynasty style. Some of the locals recognized their clothing, yet the envoy received both amusement and ridicule from those who did not.

The implementation of tifayifu policy, the early Qing dynasty court also prohibited Han Chinese from wearing some specific Manchu items and prohibited banner-women from dressing as Han Chinese women in order to maintain ethnic distinction.Buddhist and Taoist monks, and Qing dynasty rebels; moreover, men in their living had to wear Manchu-clothing, but they could be buried in Hanfu after their death.

Han Chinese rebels who went against the Qing dynasty, like the Taiping rebels, even retained their queue braids on the back but the symbol of their rebellion against the Qing was the growing of hair on the front of the head, causing the Qing government to view shaving the front of the head as the primary sign of loyalty to the Qing rather than wearing the braid on the back which did not violate Han customs and which traditional Han did not object to.Koxinga insulted and criticized the Qing hairstyle by referring to the shaven pate looking like a fly.: 77 Koxinga and his men objected to shaving when the Qing demanded they shave in exchange for recognizing Koxinga as a feudatory.: 86The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing and his men on Taiwan shave in order to receive recognition as a fiefdom. His men and Ming prince Zhu Shugui fiercely objected to shaving.: 187His men and the last Ming dynasty prince, Zhu Shugui (1617 – 1683 AD), fiercely objected to the shaving decree.: 187

In the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the clothing system was based on the clothing of Qing dynasty, but they change the clothing by establishing their own clothing system.dragon robe.Xinhai Revolution in 1911 AD.

During the Taiping rebellion (1850-1864 AD), the rebels let their hair grow while others kept their queues hidden under red turbans.White Lotus sect cut down their queues in an act of defiance while most of them only remove a hair strand or unbraided their hair and let it loose.Sichuan and Hubei border where the White Lotus and Gelaohui operated.

Neither Taoist priests nor Buddhist monks were required to wear the queue by the Qing; they continued to wear their traditional hairstyles, completely shaved heads for Buddhist monks, and long hair in the traditional Chinese topknot for Taoist priests.

Taoist priests also continued to wear Taoist traditional dress and did not adopt Qing Manchu dress. Remains of the Ming dynasty subjects also invented various ways to preserve their hairstyle and their Han-style clothing (for example, in remote places).Taiyuan.

After death, their hair could also be combed into a topknot similar to the ones worn by the Han Chinese in Ming; a practice which was observed by the Europeans;shenyi which was edged with bright blue or white band.shenyi called the bai shou yi (lit. "longevity jacket"), a deep blue or black ao with the character shou for longevity embroidered in gold all over the ao.bai shou yi was worn with a white pleated skirt which was edged with blue satin; the skirt was embroidered with the many blue shou character.

For women"s clothing, Manchu and Han fashions of clothing coexisted.: 7 The Han Chinese women carefully maintained their pure Han Chinese ethnicity and did not wear Manchu clothing.

At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, Han Chinese women were expected to continue the Han Chinese clothing of the Ming dynasty.: 7: 31 As Han Chinese women were not forced to change in to Manchu clothing, most of the clothing elements of the Han Chinese women in the Qing dynasty continued to follow the style of the Ming dynasty"s ao coat.ruqun and aoqun,: 31 which was a popular fashion in the Qing dynasty.: 31 Han Chinese women, who were unmarried or were peasants, would wear shanku without any overskirt.: 31 Wearing skirts were generally considered a symbol of maturity and was reserved for married women.

In the middle of the Qing dynasty, Manchu and Han Chinese women started to influence each other"s clothing; however, they still maintain the uniqueness of their respective clothing styles.: 7 The late Qing dynasty, Han Chinese women in the gentry and aristocratic classes started to imitate the clothing of the Manchu; similarly, the Manchu women started to imitate the clothing of the Han Chinese women; and thus, they influenced each other.: 7

In the late Qing dynasty, Han Chinese"s ao continued to share some similarities with the ao worn in the Ming dynasty.ao had large sleeves, a