jin rongsheng uc irvine free sample

Structure and function of bacterial toxins and receptors; synaptic proteins; protein complexes; protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions; X-ray crystallography; high-throughput screening

Our research group is dedicated to understand the molecular basis of human diseases using structural biology, which allows us to visualize how proteins function or malfunction at the atomic level. Our current research is focused on three areas: (1) exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic and therapeutic functions of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which will help to develop effective anti-BoNT strategies and improve clinical applications of BoNT; (2) characterizing the structures of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) toxins (TcdA and TcdB) and their interactions with host receptors, and understanding how they contribute to the disease of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) that tops the CDC’s list of urgent threats; (3) advancing mechanistic understanding of ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules in the nervous system, which will facilitate the design and improvement of therapeutic agents for the treatment of some psychological and neurological disorders. We are also developing cutting-edge small molecule high-throughput screening (HTS) assays based on our understanding of the structure and function of these disease-related proteins, which may lead to novel chemical probes and/or drug candidates for basic research and therapeutic application.

Lam, K. H., Guo, Z., Krez, N., Matsui, T., Perry, K., Weisemann, J., Rummel, A., Bowen, M. E. & Jin, R. A viral-fusion-peptide-like molecular switch drives membrane insertion of botulinum neurotoxin A1. Nat Commun 9, 5367 (2018) doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07789-4.

Chen, P., Tao, L., Liu, Z., Dong, M. & Jin, R. Structural insight into Wnt signaling inhibition by Clostridium difficile toxin B. FEBS J (2018) doi: 10.1111/febs.14681.

Chen, P., Tao, L., Wang, T., Zhang, J., He, A., Lam, K. H., Liu, Z., He, X., Perry, K., Dong, M*. & Jin, R*. Structural basis for recognition of frizzled proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Science 360, 664-669 (2018) (*corresponding authors) doi: 10.1126/science.aar1999. PMCID: PMC6231499

Lam, K. H., Sikorra, S., Weisemann, J., Maatsch, H., Perry, K., Rummel, A., Binz, T. & Jin, R. Structural and biochemical characterization of the protease domain of the mosaic botulinum neurotoxin type HA. Pathog Dis 76 (2018) doi: 10.1093/femspd/fty044. PMCID: PMC5961070

Silva, D. A., Stewart, L., Lam, K. H., Jin, R. & Baker, D. Structures and disulfide cross-linking of de novo designed therapeutic mini-proteins. FEBS J 285, 1783-1785 (2018) doi: 10.1111/febs.14394. PMCID: PMC6001749

Lam, K. H., Qi, R., Liu, S., Kroh, A., Yao, G., Perry, K., Rummel, A. & Jin, R. The hypothetical protein P47 of Clostridium botulinum E1 strain Beluga has a structural topology similar to bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Toxicon 147, 19-26 (2018) doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.012. PMCID: PMC5902665

Chevalier, A., Silva, D.A., Rocklin, G.J., Hicks, D.R., Vergara, R., Murapa, P., Bernard, S.M., Zhang, L., Lam, K.H., Yao, G., Bahl, C.D., Miyashita, S.I., Goreshnik, I., Fuller, J.T., Koday, M.T., Jenkins, C.M., Colvin, T., Carter, L., Bohn, A., Bryan, C.M., Fernández-Velasco, D.A., Stewart, L., Dong, M., Huang, X., Jin, R., Wilson, I.A., Fuller, D.H. & Baker, D. Massively parallel de novo protein design for targeted therapeutics. Nature 550(7674):74-79 (2017) doi: 10.1038/nature23912. PMCID: PMC5802399

Yao, G., Lam, K.H., Weisemann, J., Peng, L., Krez, N., Perry, K., Shoemaker, C.B., Dong, M., Rummel, A. & Jin, R. A camelid single-domain antibody neutralizes botulinum neurotoxin A by blocking host receptor binding. Sci Rep. 7;7(1):7438. (2017) doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07457-5. PMCID: PMC5547058

Yao, G., Lam, K.H., Perry, K., Weisemann, J., Rummel, A. & Jin, R. Crystal Structure of the Receptor-Binding Domain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type HA, Also Known as Type FA or H. Toxins (Basel) 9, 93 (2017) doi: 10.3390/toxins9030093. PMCID: PMC5371848

Yao, G., Zhang, S., Mahrhold, S., Lam, K. H., Stern, D., Bagramyan, K., Perry, K., Kalkum, M., Rummel, A.*, Dong, M.* & Jin, R.* N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Nat Struct Mol Biol 23 (7):656-662 (2016) (*corresponding authors) doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3245. PMCID: PMC5033645

Lee, K., Lam, K. H., Kruel, A. M., Mahrhold, S., Perry, K., Cheng, L. W., Rummel, A. & Jin, R. Inhibiting oral intoxication of botulinum neurotoxin A complex by carbohydrate receptor mimics. Toxicon 107, 43-49 (2015) doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.003. PMCID: PMC4658216

Lam, K.H. & Jin, R. Architecture of the botulinum neurotoxin complex: a molecular machine for protection and delivery. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 31:89-95 (2015) doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.03.013. PMCID: PMC4476938

Lam, K.H., Yao, G. & Jin, R. Diverse binding modes, same goal: The receptor recognition mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 117(2-3):225-31 (2015) doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.02.004. PMCID: PMC4417461

Lam, T.I., Stanker, L.H., Lee, K., Jin, R. & Cheng, L.W. Translocation of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A and associated proteins across the intestinal epithelia. Cellular Microbiology 17(8):1133-1143 (2015) doi: 10.1111/cmi.12424. PMCID: PMC4610714

Matsui, T.*, Gu, S., Lam, K.H., Carter, L.G., Rummel, A., Mathews, II. & Jin, R.* Structural Basis of the pH-Dependent Assembly of a Botulinum Neurotoxin Complex. J. Mol. Biol. 426(22):3773-3782 (2014) doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.009. (*corresponding authors) PMCID: PMC4252799

Lee, K., Zhong, X., Gu, S., Kruel, A.M., Dorner, M.B., Perry, K., Rummel, A., Dong, M. & Jin, R. Molecular basis for disruption of E-cadherin adhesion by botulinum neurotoxin A complex. Science 344(6190):1405-1410 (2014) doi: 10.1126/science.1253823. PMCID: PMC4164303

Lee, K., Lam, K.H., Kruel, A.M., Perry, K., Rummel, A. and Jin, R. High-resolution crystal structure of HA33 of botulinum neurotoxin type B progenitor toxin complex. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 446(2):568-573 (2014) doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.008. PMCID: PMC4020412

Yao, Y., Lee, K., Gu, S., Lam, K.H. & Jin, R. Botulinum Neurotoxin A Complex Recognizes Host Carbohydrates through Its Hemagglutinin Component, Toxins (Basel) 6(2):624-635 (2014) doi: 10.3390/toxins6020624. PMCID: PMC3942755

Lee, K., Gu, S., Jin, L., Le, T.T.N., Cheng, L.W., Strotmeier, J., Kruel, A.M., Yao, G., Perry, K., Rummel, A.* & Jin, R.* Structure of a Bimodular Botulinum Neurotoxin Complex Provides Insights into Its Oral Toxicity. PLoS Pathog. 9(10): e1003690 (2013) doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003690. (*corresponding authors) PMCID: PMC3795040

Zong, Y. and Jin, R. Structural mechanisms of the agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling pathway in neuromuscular junction differentiation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70(17):3077-88 (2013) doi: 10.1007/s00018-012-1209-9. PMCID: PMC4627850

Gu, S. and Jin, R. Assembly and function of the botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complex. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 364:21-44 (2013) doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-33570-9_2. PMCID: PMC3875173

Gu, S., Rumpel, S., Zhou, J., Strotmeier, J., Bigalke, H., Perry, K., Shoemaker, C.B., Rummel, A. & Jin, R. Botulinum neurotoxin is shielded by NTNHA in an interlocked complex. Science 335(6071):977-81 (2012) doi: 10.1126/science.1214270. PMCID: PMC3545708

Zong, Y., Zhang, B., Gu, S., Lee, K., Zhou, J., Yao, G., Figueiredo, D., Perry, K., Mei, L.* & Jin, R.* Structural basis of neuron-specific regulation of postsynaptic differentiation. Gene & Development 26:247-258 (2012) doi: 10.1101/gad.180885.111. (*corresponding authors) PMCID: PMC3278892

Yao, G., Zong, Y., Gu, S., Zhou, J., Xu, H., Mathews, II. & Jin, R. Crystal structure of the glutamate receptor GluA1 amino-terminal domain. Biochem. J. 438(2):255-63 (2011) doi: 10.1042/BJ20110801. PMCID: PMC3296483

Strotmeier, J., Gu, S., Jutzi, S., Mahrhold, S., Zhou, J., Pich, A., Eichner, T., Bigalke, H., Rummel, A.*, Jin, R.* & Binz, T*. The biological activity of botulinum neurotoxin type C is dependent upon novel types of ganglioside binding sites. Mol. Microbiol. 81(1):143-56 (2011) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07682.x. Epub 2011 Jun 2. (*corresponding authors)

Strotmeier, J., Lee, K., Völker, A.K., Mahrhold, S., Zong, Y., Zeiser, J., Zhou, J., Pich, A., Bigalke, H., Binz, T., Rummel, A.* & Jin, R.* Botulinum neurotoxin serotype D attacks neurons via two carbohydrate-binding sites in a ganglioside-dependent manner. Biochem. J. 431(2):207-16 (2010) (*corresponding authors)

Jin, R.*, Singh, S.K., Gu, S., Furukawa, H., Sobolevsky, A.I., Zhou, J., Jin, Y. & Gouaux E.* Crystal structure and association behavior of the GluR2 amino-terminal domain. EMBO J. 28(12):1812-23 (2009) (*corresponding authors) PMCID: PMC2699365

Kumar, J., Schuck. P., Jin, R. & Mayer, M.L. The N-terminal domain of GluR6-subtype glutamate receptor ion channels. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16(6):631-8 (2009) PMCID: PMC2729365

Jin, R., Rummel, A., Binz, T. & Brunger, A.T. Botulinum neurotoxin B recognizes its protein receptor with high affinity and specificity. Nature 444:1092-5 (2006)

Jin, R., Clark, S., Weeks, A.M., Dudman, J.T., Gouaux, E. & Partin, K.M. Mechanism of positive allosteric modulators acting on AMPA receptors. J. Neurosci. 25(39):9027-36 (2005)

Jin, R., Junutula, J.R., Matern, H.T., Ervin, K.E., Scheller, R.H. & Brunger, A.T. Exo84 and Sec5 are competitive regulatory Sec6/8 effectors to the RalA GTPase. EMBO J. 24:2064-74 (2005)

Jin, R., Bank, T., Mayer, M. L., Traynelis, S. & Gouaux, E. Structural basis for partial agonist action at ionotropic glutamate receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 6(8):803-10 (2003)

Structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of TcdA in complex with RhoA provides insights into substrate recognition. Sci Rep. 2022 05 30; 12(1):9028.

Jahid S, Ortega JA, Vuong LM, Acquistapace IM, Hachey SJ, Flesher JL, La Serra MA, Brindani N, La Sala G, Manigrasso J, Arencibia JM, Bertozzi SM, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Armirotti A, Jin R, Liu Z, Chen CF, Edwards R, Hughes CCW, De Vivo M, Ganesan AK. PMID: 35385746; PMCID: PMC9127750.

Probing the structure and function of the protease domain of botulinum neurotoxins using single-domain antibodies. PLoS Pathog. 2022 01; 18(1):e1010169.

Chen P, Zeng J, Liu Z, Thaker H, Wang S, Tian S, Zhang J, Tao L, Gutierrez CB, Xing L, Gerhard R, Huang L, Dong M, Jin R. PMID: 34145250; PMCID: PMC8213806.

Structural Insights into Rational Design of Single-Domain Antibody-Based Antitoxins against Botulinum Neurotoxins. Cell Rep. 2020 02 25; 30(8):2526-2539.e6.

Chen P, Lam KH, Liu Z, Mindlin FA, Chen B, Gutierrez CB, Huang L, Zhang Y, Hamza T, Feng H, Matsui T, Bowen ME, Perry K, Jin R. PMID: 31308519; PMCID: PMC6684407.

The hypothetical protein P47 of Clostridium botulinum E1 strain Beluga has a structural topology similar to bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Toxicon. 2018 Jun 01; 147:19-26.

High-resolution crystal structure of HA33 of botulinum neurotoxin type B progenitor toxin complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Apr 04; 446(2):568-73.

Conformations and dynamics of soluble DNA-binding proteins and development of new strategies to study membrane protein structures using NMR spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques; projects involve understanding cancer and repair of CNS damage

Mechanistic and structural characterization of vaccinia viral proteins, with an emphasis on specific mRNA synthetic and modification enzymes, using mass spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and crystallography

Biofuel, activation and reduction of carbon dioxide, structure & function of metalloenzymes involved in methanogenesis, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation

Defining the structure and function of protein complexes using cross-linking mass spectrometry and integrative modeling, Proteasomal biology, Ubiquitination, Chemical biology, Quantitative Proteomics, Protein-protein interactions; Regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Cholsoon Jang, choljang@uci.edu , Biological Chemistry  Understanding how what we eat maintains health and causes diseases using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and isotope tracing in disease animal models and human patients

Structure and function of synaptic proteins; neurotoxins and receptors; protein complexes; protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions; X-ray crystallography

Vladimir Kefalov,vkefalov@hs.uci.edu, Physiology & Biophysics Functional analysis of rod and cone photoreceptor cells, mechanisms of light- and dark-adaptation, and photoreceptor degeneration

Krzysztof Palczewski, kpalczew@uci.edu, Physiology & Biophysics  My research group uses multidisciplinary approaches aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of vision, including gene expression and transcriptional regulation in phototransduction and the visual cycle to characterize the visual system in health and during diseases leading to blindness.

Telomeres & telomerase and their roles in cancer and stem cell diseases; Structural, biochemical and molecular genetic analyses of nucleoprotein assemblies

The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine)public land-grant research university in Irvine, California. One of the ten campuses of the University of California system, UCI offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees, and roughly 30,000 undergraduates and 6,000 graduate students are enrolled at UCI as of Fall 2019.classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity", and had $436.6 million in research and development expenditures in 2018.Association of American Universities in 1996.Public Ivies” in 1985 and 2001 surveys comparing publicly funded universities the authors claimed provide an education comparable to the Ivy League.

UC Irvine was one of three new UC campuses established in the 1960s to accommodate growing enrollments across the UC system. A site in Orange County was identified in 1959, and in the following year the Irvine Company sold the University of California 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land for one dollar to establish the new campus. President Lyndon B. Johnson dedicated the campus in 1964,Barack Obama fifty years later.

The University of California, Irvine (with San Diego and Santa Cruz) was one of three new University of California campuses established in the 1960s under the California Master Plan for Higher Education.University of California saw the need for the new campuses to handle the expected increase in enrollment from the post-war baby boom. One of the new campuses was to be in the Los Angeles area; the location selected was Irvine Ranch, an area of agricultural land bisecting Orange County from north to south. This site was chosen to accommodate the county"s growing population, complement the growth of nearby UCLA and UC Riverside, and allow for the construction of a master planned community in the surrounding area.

On June 20, 1964, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson dedicated UC Irvine before a crowd of 15,000 people, and on October 4, 1965 the campus began operations with 1,589 students, 241 staff members, 119 faculty, and 43 teaching assistants.

Unlike most other University of California campuses, UCI was not named for the city it was built in; at the time of the university"s founding (1965), the current city of Irvine (incorporated in 1971) did not exist. The name "Irvine" is a reference to James Irvine, a landowner who administered the 94,000-acre (38,000 ha) Irvine Ranch. In 1960, The Irvine Company sold 1,000 acres (400 ha) of the Irvine Ranch to the University of California for one dollar, since company policy prohibited the donation of property to a public entity.Daniel G. Aldrich selected a wide variety of Mediterranean-climate flora and fauna, feeling that it served an "aesthetic, environmental, and educational [purpose]."William Pereira and Associates. Pereira intended for the UC Irvine campus to complement the neighboring community, and it became clear that the original 1,000 acres (400 ha) grant would not suffice. In 1964, the University purchased an additional 510 acres (210 ha) in 1964 for housing and commercial developments.

Much of the land that was not purchased by UCI (which is now occupied by the cities of Irvine, Tustin, and Newport Beach) remains held by The Irvine Company, but the completion of the University rapidly drove the development of Orange County. The City of Irvine became incorporated and established in 1971 and 1975, respectively.Orange County, with an annual economic impact of $5 billion.

Aldrich developed the campus" first academic plan around a College of Arts, Letters, and Science, a Graduate School of Administration, and a School of Engineering. The College of Arts, Letters, and Science was composed of twenty majors in five "Divisions": Biological Sciences, Fine Arts, Humanities, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences (which transformed into the present-day "Schools").school of osteopathy founded in 1896 and the oldest continuously operating medical college in the Southwest) became part of UC Irvine.UC Irvine Medical Center) around 12 miles from UC Irvine, in the City of Orange.

In early July 2018, UC Irvine removed benefactor Francisco J. Ayala"s name from its biology school and central science library after an internal investigation by the university"s Office of Equal Opportunity and Diversity substantiated a number of sexual harassment claims. Chancellor Gillman also authorized the removal of the Ayala name from graduate fellowships, scholar programs, and endowed chairs. Ayala resigned July 1, 2018 and was ordered to abstain from future university activities, following the university"s consultative procedures that include a faculty review committee. The results from the investigation were compiled in a 97-page report, which included testimony from victims of Ayala.

Aldrich Park is planted with over 11,120 trees (there are over 24,000 trees on the entire campus), including 33 species of eucalyptus. Two ceremonial trees were planted in 1990, one for Arbor Day and the second for former chancellor Daniel Aldrich who had died that year. On the first anniversary of the September 11th tragedies, the chancellor planted a bay laurel tree in remembrance of the heroes and victims of the events of September 11, 2001. The tree itself was a gift from the UCI Staff Assembly. Aldrich Park is the site for "Wayzgoose", a medieval student festival held each year in conjunction with the "Celebrate UCI" open house. It also hosts many extracurricular activities.

Other areas of the university outside of the core campus such as the School of Arts are connected by four pedestrian bridges. Beyond the core campus and the bridges, the layout of the campus is more suburban.

Irvine, California consistently ranks as the safest city in America.Disneyland is approximately 20 minutes away by car. While the university is located in Irvine, the campus is directly bounded by the city of Newport Beach and the community of Newport Coast. The western side of the campus borders the San Diego Creek and the San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve, through which Campus Drive connects UCI to the 405 freeway. The northern and eastern sides of UCI are adjacent to Irvine proper; the eastern side of the campus is delineated by Bonita Canyon Road, which turns into Culver Drive at its northern terminus. California State Route 73 marks UCI"s southern boundary and separates the campus from Newport Beach.

The "North Campus" houses the Facilities Management Department, the Faculty Research Facility, Central Receiving, Fleet Services, the Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory, and numerous other functions. It is located next to the UCI Arboretum; both the North Campus and the arboretum are located about 1 mile (2 km) from the main campus.

William Pereira"s original street layout for the region surrounding the University had a wingnut-shaped loop road as the main thoroughfare, which twice crossed the campus. However, the Irvine Company"s development plans expanded before it could be completed, and portions of California, Carlson, Harvard and Turtle Rock roads today constitute segments of what would have been the Loop Road.

Despite the suburban environment, a variety of wildlife inhabits the university"s central park, open fields, and wetlands. The university is home to cougar, hawks, golden eagles, great blue herons, squirrels, opossums, peregrine falcons, rabbits, raccoons, owls, skunks, weasels, bats, and coyotes. The UCI Arboretum hosts a collection of plants from California and Mediterranean climates around the world. The rabbits in particular can be seen across campus in high numbers, especially during hours of low student traffic.

The first buildings were designed by a team of architects led by William Pereira and including A. Quincy Jones and William Blurock. The initial landscaping, including Aldrich Park, was designed by an association of three firms, including that of the noted urban-landscaping innovator Robert Herrick Carter. Aldrich Park was designed under the direction of landscape architect Gene Uematsu, and was modeled after Frederick Law Olmsted"s designs for New York City"s Central Park. The campus opened in 1965 with the inner circle and park only half-completed. There were only nine buildings and a dirt road connecting the main campus to the housing units. Only three of the six "spokes" that radiate from the central park were built, with only two buildings each. Pereira was retained by the university to maintain a continuity of style among the buildings constructed in the inner ring around the park, the last of which was completed in 1972. These buildings were designed in a style which combined sweeping curves and expressionistic shapes with elements of classic California architecture such as red tiled roofs and clay-tiled walkways, and distinctive white railings evoking the deck of an ocean liner.

Construction on the campus all but ceased after the Administration building, Aldrich Hall, was completed in 1974, and then resumed in the late 1980s, beginning a massive building boom that still continues today. This second building boom continued the futuristic trend, but emphasized a much more colorful, postmodern approach that somewhat contradicted the earthy, organic designs of the early buildings. Architects such as Frank Gehry, Robert Venturi, Eric Owen Moss, James Stirling and Arthur Erickson were brought in to bring the campus more up to date. The recession in the early 1990s along with internal politics led to a change in direction, due to the reduced capital budget, and changing attitudes towards architectural innovation at the university. This, in turn, led to a "contextualist" approach beginning in the late 1990s combining stylistic elements of the first two phases in an attempt to provide an architectural "middle ground" between the two vastly different styles. Gehry"s building was recently removed from campus to make way for a new building, with a design that has been called a "big beige box with bands of bricks". In 2009 the Humanities Gateway building, designed by Curtis W. Fentress, was opened. Its curvilinear design marked a return to the sculptural treatment of concrete begun by Pereira.

Langson Library, one of the five central libraries maintained by UCI, is the main repository for most of the university"s research materials and hosts many study areas.

Science Library, another of the five central libraries maintained by UCI, is one of the largest consolidated science and medical libraries in the nation.

Nearly all departments and schools on campus complement the resources of the UC Irvine Libraries by maintaining their own reading rooms and scholarly meeting rooms. They contain small reference collections and are the choice for more intimate lectures, graduate seminars, and study sessions. There is also the large Gateway Study Center located across from Langson Library, one of the university"s original buildings and under the custody of UC Irvine Libraries. Having served formerly as a cafeteria and student center, it is now a dual-use computer lab and study area which is open nearly 24 hours.

The UCI Student Center offers a large number of study areas, auditoriums, and two food courts, and therefore is one of the most popular places to study on campus. UC Irvine also has a number of computer labs that serve as study centers. The School of Humanities maintains the Humanities Instructional Resource Center, a drop-in computer lab specializing in language and digital media. Additionally, UCI maintains five other drop-in labs, four instructional computer labs, and a number of reservation-only SmartClassrooms, some of which are open 24 hours. Other popular study areas include Aldrich Park, the Cross-Cultural Center, the Locus (a study room and computer lab used by the Campuswide Honors Program), and plazas located in every school.

Together, the UCI libraries have issued a land acknowledgement that the UCI campus is located on the traditional, ancestral, and unceded territories of the Acjachemen and Tongva.

A network of tunnels runs between many of the major buildings on campus and the Central Plant, with the major trunk passage located beneath Ring Mall. Smaller tunnels branch off from this main passage to reach individual buildings, carrying electrical and air-conditioning utilities from the Central Plant. These tunnels have been the subject of much campus lore, the most popular story being that the tunnels were constructed to facilitate the safe evacuation of faculty in the event of a student riot. The main tunnel actually contains an above-ground section, in the form of the interior of an unusually thick pedestrian bridge near the Engineering Tower, in an area where the Ring Mall crosses between two hills. The tunnels are only accessible to maintenance staff, although there are also publicly accessible tunnels which intersect the utility tunnels, such as the one that goes between the main Information & Computer Science building and the Engineering Tower.

Like other University of California campuses, UC Irvine operates under a system of shared governance, or a partnership between the Chancellor and his administration and the faculty through the Academic Senate. The Chancellor is the chief campus officer and has authority over the campus budget.Regents of the University of California and the UC President.

UC Irvine"s academic units are referred to as Schools. As of the 2021-2022 school year, there are fourteen Schools, one Program in Public Health, and various interdisciplinary programs.University of California Regents approved the establishment of the School of Law.Bill Gross" philanthropic foundation to turn its nursing science program into the Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing. The UC Regents formally approved the establishment of the school in January 2017.

The School of Medicine constitute the professional schools of health science. UC Irvine Medical Center is ranked among the nation"s top 50 hospitals by U.S. News & World Report for the 12th consecutive year.

In addition, many of UCI"s graduate programs are ranked in the top 50 of the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings: literary criticism and theory (1), criminology (3), organic chemistry (10), English (17), chemistry (20), sociology (23), computer science (30), physics (28), psychology (36), law (21), education (24), biological sciences (33), earth sciences (41), history (34), engineering (35), business part-time MBA (32), political science (45), mathematics (39), medicine-research (46), and economics (47).

UC Irvine is categorized by University of California campus for the freshman class entering in the fall of 2019, as measured by the ratio of admitted students to applicants (behind UC Berkeley and UCLA).SAT scores of fall 2019 enrolled freshmen were 650-790 for math and 600-720 for evidence based reading and writing.Los Angeles County, followed by Orange County, the Bay Area counties, San Bernardino County, Riverside County, and San Diego County.

The choice to offer admission is based on the University of California"s comprehensive review program, which considers a candidate"s personal situation, community involvement, extracurricular activities, and academic potential in addition to the traditional high school academic record, personal statement, and entrance examination scores.Proposition 209 in November 1996, California state law has prohibited all public universities (including UC Irvine) from practicing affirmative action as part of their admissions processes.

The University of California Irvine hosts the UCI Machine Learning Repository, a data resource which is very popular among machine learning researchers and data mining practitioners.

The first fraternities and sororities at UCI began in 1973 with three sororities (Delta Gamma, Pi Beta Phi, and Gamma Phi Beta) and three fraternities (Beta Theta Pi, Sigma Chi, and Phi Delta Theta).

With over 650 student clubs and organizations on campus, students can readily find friends who share their interests, whether academic, multicultural, political, religious, service, social, or athletic. Campus activities throughout the year include cultural nights, arts performances, and live music at Anteater Plaz. Special events such as Summerlands, Wayzgoose, Shocktoberfest, Soulstice, and Earth Day are held yearly.ASUCI, the university"s undergraduate student government, traditionally organizes a world record attempt by the university at the beginning of each academic year. UCI has won Guinness World Records for the largest game of capture the flag six times, with the most recent one in September 2015. In addition, the university has broken the record for the largest game of dodgeball three years straight.water pistol fight and largest pillow fight.

On November 30, 2007, the Office of Civil Rights of the United States Department of Education issued a report finding insufficient evidence in support of allegations that Jewish students at UCI were harassed and subjected to a hostile environment based on their religious beliefs. The agency ultimately found that none of the incidents leading to the allegations qualified as "sufficiently severe, pervasive or persistent as to interfere with or limit the ability of an individual to participate in from the services, activities or privileges" provided by UCI, and that university officials had acted appropriately in response to each incident. In December 2007, UCI Administration was cleared of anti-semitism complaints by the US Department of Education"s Office for Civil Rights.Hillel meeting in Washington, D.C. in March 2008, Anteaters for Israel, along with three other Jewish organizations, issued a press release defending Drake and claiming that anti-Semitic activity was "exaggerated".

In 2010, eleven students from the Muslim Student Union staged a protest against a speech by Israeli Ambassador Michael Oren by disrupting it several times. The students and the student"s union involved were first disciplined by UCI and then had criminal charges brought against them. They were convicted of misdemeanor charges and sentenced to three years probation, community service, and fines. This led to a debate on whether the students" protest was free speech and whether filing criminal charges against them was fair after UCI had already disciplined them.selective prosecution and that they were targeted because they were Muslims and supported the Palestinians.

UC Irvine has a number of residential options for students interested in living on campus. Part of UCI"s long-range development plan involves expanding on-campus housing to accommodate 50% of all UCI students.

UCI"s two freshman dormitory communities are Mesa Court and Middle Earth. Mesa Court was the first housing community at UCI, and features a volleyball court, two basketball courts, a community center, a recreational center, and the Mesa Academic Center (MAC). Middle Earth comprises 24 residence halls, two dining facilities (Brandywine and Pippin Commons), a student center, and several resource centers. Each building in Middle Earth is named after a character or a place from J.R.R. Tolkien"s The Lord of the Rings. Middle Earth was built in three phases. The first phase was built in 1974 and includes seven halls: Hobbiton, Isengard, Lorien, Mirkwood, Misty Mountain, Rivendell, and the Shire, along with a separate Head Resident"s manufactured home called "Bag End". The second phase was built in 1989 with thirteen more halls: Balin, Harrowdale, Whispering Wood, Woodhall, Calmindon, Grey Havens, Aldor, Rohan, Gondolin, Snowbourn, Elrond, Shadowfax, and Quenya. The third phase was built in 2000 with four halls: Crickhollow, Evenstar, Oakenshield, and Valimar. Each hall houses about fifty to eighty students, although Quenya was built with sixty single suite rooms which mainly house graduate students. In 2019, two Middle Earth towers were built, which are called Telperion and Laurelin. These towers house around 470 undergraduate students.

Apartment-style on-campus housing at UCI can be found at Vista del Campo, Vista del Campo Norte, Camino del Sol, and Puerta del Sol. VDC has single rooms available for undergraduates, while VDC Norte has both single rooms and double rooms available. Camino del Sol features single rooms, a community center, a fitness center, and a pool. In the fall of 2012, Camino del Sol opened housing to incoming first-year students as an option instead of dorm living. Each housing community is served by ASUCI shuttles that regularly travel to the main campus. It has three stories and was designed with capacity for 1,198 beds, in 331 units ranging in size from 1,118-1,499 sq. ft.

UCI off-campus housing options vary, based on a student"s preferred living arrangements and budget. However, a common denominator for off-campus apartment housing in Irvine is the fact that most accommodations are maintained by The Irvine CompanyNewport BeachTustin

UC Irvine"s sports teams are known as the Anteaters and the student body is known as Antourage. They currently participate in the NCAA"s Division I, as members of the Big West ConferenceMountain Pacific Sports Federation.

The university"s most recent NCAA Division I national championship was won by the men"s volleyball team in 2013. UC Irvine men"s volleyball won four national championships in 2007, 2009, 2012 and 2013.

UC Irvine Anteaters baseball won back-to-back national championships at the NCAA College Division College World Series and the NCAA Division II College World Series in 1973 and 1974. Anteater baseball moved to the NCAA Division I level. The 2007 baseball team finished 3rd at the College World Series, and in 2009 the baseball team earned a No. 1 national ranking in NCAA Division I polls from Baseball America and Collegiate Baseball for the first time, as well as a national seed and the right to host an NCAA Regional. The 2014 baseball team returned to the College World Series and finished 5th.

UCI Anteater"s golf team won the NCAA Division II national team championship in 1975 with team member Jerry Wisz winning the individual title. At the NCAA national championships in 1973, 1974 and 1976, those teams finished second twice and fourth the other year. These teams included seven All-Americans.

In 2015, for the first time, the UC Irvine Anteaters men"s basketball team appeared in the Division I tournament. It was narrowly defeated in a first-round tournament game by Louisville. The Anteaters made their second NCAA appearance in 2019, beating fourth-seed Kansas State University for their first March Madness win ever.

The anteater was chosen in 1965 when students were allowed to submit mascot candidates, which would be voted on in a campus election. Three undergraduates named Pat Glasgow, Bob Ernst, and Schuyler Hadley Basset III were credited with choosing the anteater and designing a cartoon representation, having been disappointed with other candidates such as a roadrunner, unicorn, seahawk and golden bison.

A hand signal called "Rip"em "Eaters" was created by Blake Sasaki and Dennis Wisco in 2001. When attacked, an anteater sits in a tripodal position with its hind feet and tail and tears and "rips" at its predator. The hand signal is done by touching the tips of the two middle fingers with the thumb, and sliding the thumb back, making the pinky and index finger the ears and the fingers in the middle the snout of the anteater.

UC Irvine has more than 200,000 living alumni.Tracy Caldwell Dyson), athletes (Steve Scott, Scott Brooks, Greg Louganis and 53 Olympians), Broadway, film, and television actors (Bob Gunton, James LeGros, Jon Lovitz, Brian Thompson, Teal Wicks, Windell Middlebrooks), technological innovators (Roy Fielding, Paul Mockapetris, and Patrick J. Hanratty), educators (Erin Gruwell), musicians (Kevin Kwan Loucks), and scientists (Mika Tosca).

Eight people affiliated with UCI have been honored with the Nobel Prize. In 1995, professor Frank Sherwood Rowland won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Frederick Reines won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Rowland helped to discover the harmful effects of CFCs on the ozone layer, while Reines received the Nobel Prize for his work in discovering the neutrino. In 2004, Irwin Rose, a professor at the School of Medicine, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with two professors from the Technion for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. In 2021, alumnus David MacMillan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis.

Seven Pulitzer Prize winners have been associated with UCI, including three faculty members and four alumni.Michael Chabon, who won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2001 for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, and Richard Ford, who won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1996 for Independence Day. Claude Yarbrough (aka Jonathan Pendragon), class of "76, is one of the most influential magicians of the 20th and 21st centuries.Thomas Keneally was a visiting professor at UCI in 1985 (when he taught the graduate fiction workshop) and again from 1991 to 1995 (when he was a visiting professor in the writing program).Schindler"s List), which won the Booker Prize and is the basis of the film Steven Spielberg.

Jacques Derrida, a philosopher most commonly associated with postmodern and post-structuralist philosophy, taught at the University of California, Irvine from 1986 to shortly before his death in 2004; his colleague, Jean-François Lyotard, also taught at UCI from 1987 until 1994.Ralph J. Cicerone, an earth system science professor and former chancellor of UCI, served as president of the National Academy of Sciences from 2005 to 2016.

As of June 30, 2021; includes UC Regents portion allocated to UC Irvine. "Annual Endowment Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2021". University of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2021.

"Total Non Student Employees Fall Quarter Headcount" (PDF). UC Irvine Office of Institutional Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2018.

"Anteater Chronicles: Site Dedication". University of California, Irvine Library. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2006-09-02.

"Anteater Chronicles: First Day of Classes". University of California, Irvine Library. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2006-09-02.

Warner, Anmargaret (July 30, 2013). "Why Irvine, California Consistently Ranks As The Safest City In America". Business Insider. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

"History and Setting of UCI School of Medicine". University of California, Irvine Health Affairs. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2007.

"UC Irvine: Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost". University of California, Irvine. 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2006-09-02.

"Editorial Style Guide | Strategic Communications | UCI". communications.uci.edu. Strategic Communications & Public Affairs. Retrieved 18 November 2018.

"Organized Research Units". University of California, Irvine. January 3, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved November 22, 2008.

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Clostridium difficile (C. diff) causes severe gastrointestinal tract infections. The 3-D structure shows how a key C. diff toxin, TcdB (in orange), recognizes the human Frizzled protein (in green) as its receptor to invade cells, leading to damage in the intestinal barrier. Shown in the background is immunofluorescent staining of the healthy mouse cecum tissue (left) and the one damaged by TcdB (right).

Researchers from the University of California, Irvine and Harvard University have discovered how the Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) recognizes the human Frizzled protein, the receptor it uses to invade intestinal cells and lead to deadly gastrointestinal infections. The findings, published today in Science, could pave the way for new C. diff antitoxins and also show potential for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs.

In a C. diff infection (CDI), TcdB targets colonic epithelia and binds to what are called Frizzled (FZD) receptors. Researchers in the labs ofRongsheng Jin, PhD, professor of physiology & biophysics from the UCI School of Medicine, andMin Dong, PhD, from Boston Children’s Hospital - Harvard Medical School, found that during this binding process, the toxin locks certain lipid molecules in FZD, which block critical Wnt signaling that regulates renewal of colonic stem cells and differentiation of the colonic epithelium.

“This toxin is indeed very smart. It takes advantage of an important lipid that FZD uses for its own function, to improve its binding affinity and specificity to FZD,” said Jin, “However, the need for this lipid also exposes a vulnerability of TcdB that could be exploited to develop antitoxins that block toxin-receptor recognition.”

Jin and Dong believe that the novel FZD-antagonizing mechanism exploited by toxin B could be used to turn this deadly toxin into a potential pharmacological tool for research and therapeutic applications, including anti-cancer drugs.

The research was funded with National Institutes of Health grants R01AI091823, R01AI125704, and R21AI123920 to Jin, and R01 NS080833 and R01 AI132387 to Dong.

About the UCI School of MedicineEach year, the UCI School of Medicine educates more than 400 medical students, as well as 200 doctoral and master"s students. More than 600 residents and fellows are trained at UC Irvine Medical Center and affiliated institutions. The UCI School of Medicine offers an MD degree, a dual MD/PhD medical scientist training program, PhDs and master’s degrees in anatomy and neurobiology, biomedical sciences, genetic counseling, epidemiology, environmental health sciences, pathology, pharmacology, physiology and biophysics, and translational sciences. Medical students also may pursue an MD/MBA program, a combined MD/Master"s in Public Health or a dual MD/master’s program called the Program in Medical Education for the Latino Community (PRIME-LC). UCI School of Medicine is accredited by Liaison Committee on Medical Accreditation (LCME), and ranks among the top 50 nationwide for research. For more information, visit: som.uci.edu.

About the University of California, IrvineFounded in 1965, UCI is the youngest member of the prestigious Association of American Universities. The campus has produced three Nobel laureates and is known for its academic achievement, premier research, innovation and anteater mascot. Led by Chancellor Howard Gillman, UCI has more than 30,000 students and offers 192 degree programs. Located in one of the world’s safest and most economically vibrant communities, UCI is Orange County’s second-largest employer, contributing $5 billion annually to the local economy. For more on UCI, visit www.uci.edu.

UC Irvine seeks to enroll students who possess strong academic potential and personal character. Applicants demonstrate these qualities primarily through their high school coursework, test results, and extracurricular activities.

Each member of the UC system uses the same “A-G” course requirements as its standards for admission. The goal is to ensure that students entering a UC school will possess the necessary knowledge and thinking skills in order to be a successful UC student.

All applicants must complete these “A-G” requirements by the time they graduate high school. Students have to earn a C or higher in these classes in order to fulfill each requirement. While the “A-G” requirements are similar to most college prep tracks, you’ll want to check your child’s high school plan against this list. Missing just one or two required classes may disqualify them for admission to UCI and all other UC campuses.(A) History/social science:Two years requiredOne year of world history, cultures, or geography

This list reveals the minimum class requirements students must fulfill in order to be considered for admission to UCI, but applicants should aim higher if they want to have strong admissions odds. UCI looks for students who pursue coursework beyond the minimums, specifically through honors, dual-enrollment, and AP or IB classes.

If your child is planning to apply to a rigorous major program, they should research specific course requirements beyond the basic “A-G” classes. For example, UCI’s engineering program requires students to complete four years of math—at least up to pre-calculus—and strongly suggests students take physics and chemistry.

In general, UCI prefers students who display outstanding achievement in one or more specific academic areas. One way to do this is to take several advanced courses in a specific area, such as the sciences. Students should also pursue special academic projects and extracurricular activities in the same or a closely related subject area to distinguish themselves as specialists.

UCI no longer uses students’ SAT or ACT scores as part of the application review process. But before you tell your child they should skip submitting their scores or taking the SAT or ACT altogether, it’s worth knowing that test scores can still be used to determine class placements or fulfill some graduation requirements.

Most UCI applicants have strong GPAs and histories of rigorous coursework—it’s practically a baseline requirement to be seriously considered for admission. So the best way for students to stand out and truly impress the UCI admissions committee is through their extracurricular activities.

According to the UCI Common Data Set, UC Irvine views applicants’ demonstrated talents, commitment to volunteering, and work experiences as “very important” factors in admissions decisions. Specifically, UCI wants students to demonstrate their character and potential for leadership through their extracurriculars—these qualities indicate how positively applicants will be able to contribute to the campus community.

The best strategy for approaching extracurriculars is to focus intensely on one area, rather than spreading time and energy over many different activities in order to appear “well-rounded.” UCI will be more impressed with a student who’s managed to become an expert in a single field of their interest than with an applicant who’s been moderately involved in a wide variety of pursuits.

If your child were to submit this list of activities on their application, the UCI admissions office would be mightily impressed. To boost their admissions odds, help your child determine their greatest area of interest and find unique, exciting ways to become a specialist in that field.

All UC campuses use a single application—allowing students to potentially apply to every UC school at once. Students must submit their UC application between October 1st and November 30th. Here is a list of the UC Irvine application requirements:High school transcripts are needed to input grades into the online application but aren’t submitted.

Materials are not too difficult to understand but don"t expect to learn much from him, study it yourself. Iclicker quizzes are given every lecture but you can discuss it with your classmates. There is one midterm and a final exam, but are very similar to his practice exams, so DO THEM! Homework is assigned every week and is graded for correctness.