steel wire rope splicing quotation
We custom manufacture wire rope assemblies (endless loop) for conveyor lines. Our specialty is the Long splice. The Long splice is used to create a continuous or endless loop of wire rope cable frequently utilized on conveyor systems. The splice is a difficult multi-step labor intensive process in which two wire rope cable ends are joined end to end and the strands are intertwined to merge the two individual wire rope cable ropes ends.
Our proven experience can be viewed first hand in the quality of our wire rope cable splices we perform regularly for diverse clientele in the Unites States and around the world. For assistance with your unique wire rope conveyor cable splicing needs, please complete theor call us directly at
Manufacturer of aluminum swage sleeves including hour glass, oval, thin wall, combo & fiber rope sleeves. Hour glass sleeves range in rope & sleeve size from 1/32 to 1/2, width from .090 to 1.062, height from .136 to 1.625, hole width from .040 to .562, length from 1/4 to 2. Oval sleeves have a rope & sleeve size of 1/16, width of .172, height of .250, hole width of .078 & length of 3/8. Thin wall sleeves range in rope & sleeve size from 3/32 to 5/32, in width from .226 to .375, height from .372 to .562, hole width from .118 to .200 & length from 1/2 to 11/16. Combo sleeves are available with rope & sleeve size of 1/8 x 1/16, width of .343, height of .500, hole widths of .156 & .078 & length of 5/8 or sleeve size of 3/16 x 1/8, width of .430, height of .656, hole widths of .160 & .320 & length of 1. Fiber rope sleeves range in rope & sleeve size from 1/8 to 7/16, width from .250 to .855, height of .388 to 1.35, hold width from .160 to .525 & length from 1/2 to 1 1/4.
Wire rope splicing is essentially the formation of a knot between two parts of the same rope or between two separate ropes by separating and unravelling the strands and interweaving the threads together to produce a strong joint. Splicing forms a very strong knot which stays secure even if exposed to water.
There are different types of wire rope splicing. The two more common ones areBack or end splicing – This is a type of splicing where rope end strands are directly spliced without making a loop. With this wire rope splicing, rope ends are drawn to a close to prevent fraying.
Eye splicing – This a more popular type of wire rope splicing which involves taking the working end of the rope to form a loop at the end. The end of the rope strands are unraveled, then passed over and under against the lay of the rope to interweave it back into the main length of the rope.
Wire rope splicing maintains almost 95% of the wire rope’s strength. You can employ splicing in three-strand braided ropes, or even in over 12-strand braided ropes.
Splicing lets you create a new rope of any length, alter an existing rope to suit a changing application, or repair a damaged wire rope. There are two main disadvantages to splicing – the expanding thickness of the line at the joint and the distortion in the shape of the rope.
Check the wire rope tools and accessories section of this website for more tools or fill out the enquiry form and let us help with your wire rope splicing needs.
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Dec. 5, 1967 P. R. BAGBY IRE ROPE LONG SPLICE AND METHOD OF MAKING Filed May 7, 1965 Fxcer-4 l A VEN TOR. PERCY Q. SAC-15V ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofiice 3,356,397 WIRE ROPE LONG SPLICE AND METHOD OF MAKING Percy R. Bagby, 27844 Conestoga Drive, Rolling Hills, Calif. 90274 Filed May 7, 1965, Ser. No. 453,950 2 Claims. (Cl. 287--78) The present invention relates to a wire rope pressed sleeve splice and to a method of making such a splice.
A common method of splicing wire rope is the long splice in which the two rope ends to be spliced are overlapped a predetermined length and the complemental strands of the rope ends are severed at longitudinallyspaced points. The conventional wire rope includes a core, and this core must be removed in the area adjacent the abutting ends of each pair of complemental strands in order to make the long splice. Each one of the severed ends is secured in position by tucking it into one of the open spaces formed by the removal of the fiber core. As many strand splices are formed as there are strands, and all of these splices constitute the long splice for the wire rope proper.
The prior art procedure for forming the long splice is a tedious and time-consuming operation, particularly that part of the operation in which the rope core is removed and replaced by the tucked ends of each complemental pair of strands in the rope. In addition, the procedure requires highly-skilled, experienced workmen, who may not readily be available when a wire rope unexpectedly parts. Nevertheless, this method of repairing wire rope has been used for many years because of certain advantages. That is, the strength of the wire rope is largely retained, losing only perhaps twenty percent because of the splice. This is apparently due to the appreciable length of the splice area which in a one-inch diameter rope may be 33 feet, with a 33-inch tuck for each of the strands. This length of splice provides a relatively large area of interengagement between the tucked strands and the adjacent strands so that the latter can exert a powerful clamping action and prevent the spliced ends from parting. In addition, the long splice is advantageous because the diameter of the wire rope in the splicearea is not appreciably increased. This in an important consideration in situations where the wire rope is, for example, formed into an endless loop for passage about sheaves and the like.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of long splicing the ends of a wire rope without the use of tucks while yet providing substantially the same tensile strength as the conventional, tucked long splice.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of long splicing which can be quickly and easily accomplished by workmen having only a relatively rudimentary background in wire rope splicing techniques.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of splicing the ends of a wire rope and which utilizes a plurality of pressed sleeves disposed about the rope. Each sleeve is applied to a strand splice and, by virtue of the number of such strand splices, the diameter and length of each sleeve can be reduced sufiiciently so as not to interfere with movement of the wire rope about sheaves or similar structure.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of splicing or repairing a single damaged strand of a wire rope by pressing a sleeve about the damaged area.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of splicing a wire rope of that type having only circumferentially-arranged strands and no central core.
The present method is not limited to use with any particular length, diameter, number of strands, number 3,356,397 Patented Dec. 5, 1967 of wires per strand, wire arrangement, lay direction, lay type, type of core, or the like, and is applicable to the splicing or repair of wire ropes in general, as will be seen.
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an exemplary short section of wire rope having six circumferentially arranged strands and a central fiber core, the rope section being shown parted in the middle;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of the six strands of the wire rope of FIG. 1, illustrating the longitudinally spaced arrangement of the six splices over the splice length, the proximity of the splices being exaggerated so as to fit the drawing area;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a wire rope having six sleeves pressed about the rope to provide six splices longitudinally spaced along the splice length, the proximity of the splices being exaggerated to conform to the showing in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of one of the sleeves of FIG. 4, the sleeve being illustraed after it is pressed in position upon the wire rope; an
Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a conventional type of wire rope 10 having six outer strands 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 which are circumferentially arranged about a central fiber core 24. To facilitate the description which follows, the strands 12 through 20 of the rope end located to the left are designated a, while those in the rope end located to the right are designated b, as best viewed in FIGS. 1 and 3.
The wire rope 10 is merely exemplary and it will be understood that various other types of wire rope are equally suited for repair by use of the method and splice of the present invention.
According to the present method, the parted wire rope 10 is spliced by overlapping the rope ends a predetermined length sufficient to closely approach or equal the rated strength of the rope. In a one-inch rope this distance would be aproxirnately 33 feet. This overlap constitutes the splice area, and the individual strands are next severed, unlaid, and relaid in a particular manner toform the long splice. More particularly, ferrules or sleeves 26 are slid or threaded over the rope end to the left, out of the way of the splice area. Next, the strand 12a is unlaid from its rope end approximately the full length of the overlapped portion or splice length and severed. The corresponding strand 12b is then unlaid from its rope end and laid in the open groove formed in the first rope end by the removal of the strand 12a. The strands 12a and 1217 are then in end-abutting relation to define a splice joint. The fiber core 24 is preferably then severed the length of the strand 12a and the remaining core ends are abutted.
One of the sleeves 26 is next arranged about the adjacent pair of strands 12a and 12b and swaged or compressed over these strands. This also compresses the remaining strands of the rope end located on the left, as best seen in FIG. 3, and also compresses the core ends.
The tubular ferrules or sleeves 26 are made of any suitable high-strength material capable of cold flow under pressure into the wire and strand interstices of the rope ends. A sleeve of such material thus becomes an integral part of the rope and is capable of great holding power. Stainless steel is a preferred material because of its high strength and resistance to corrosion. High strength is desirable because it enables the use of relatively short, thin wall sleeves which facilitate movement of the rope about sheaves and the like. Preferably, the sleeve is kept below approximately twice the rope diameter, the sleeve lengthening somewhat during swaging. In this regard, it is noted that the swaging action compresses the wire rope, reducing its diameter somewhat, and also desirably reduces the thickness of the sleeve wall. In the example of the one-inch wire rope, the sleeve thickness is initially on the order of one-quarter inch when using stanless steel, that is, one-fourth the diameter of the wire rope. The finished diameter of the sleeve and rope would therefore be about one and one-eighth inches. Of course, the sleeve length and wall thickness will vary according to the wire rope diameter and type and the particular application for the wire rope.
After the strands 12a and 12b are sleeve-swaged together, the strand 14a is then severed at a point longitudinally spaced from the first splice but within the overlap or splice length. The strand 14b is then unlaid from its rope end and laid in the open groove formed by the removal of the strand 14a from the other rope end. The strand 14b is next severed to locate its severed end adjacent and in abutting relationship to the severed end of the strand 14a.
The operation is repeated with the strands 18a and 18b, the"strands 20a and 20b, and the strands 22a and 22b to provide the six splices illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The six splices are illustrated in rather close proximity to enable their illustration in the space available. In actual practice the splices are located over a relatively long splice length, the length being approximately 33 feet for a one-inch wire rope, for example. Each splice is approximately six lays from the next splice.
The six splices constitute a long splice capable of carrying a load approaching or equaling the full rated strength of the wire rope, each of the sleeves developing approximately one-sixth of the load. Because the strength of the long splice is distributed over the six splice points, the cross section and length of each sleeve 26 can be reduced to a minimum. The use of the sleeves 26 thus provides a relatively quick and inexpensive means for long splicing wire rope. Tucks are completely eliminated. As a matter of fact, the present method can be used for splicing wire rope having no core, whereas the luck of a core greatly complicates present splicing practices since there is then no central core void within which to make tucks.
1. A long splice for the severed strands of a wire rope and adapted for passage about a sheave or the like, said long splice comprising: complemental pairs of the severed strands of the rope ends arranged in abutting relation to define splice joints, the abutting ends of each of said pairs being axially spaced from the abutting ends of the others of said pairs whereby said splice joints are axially spaced along said wire rope;
and a plurality of sleeves pressed upon said rope and about all of said strands, said sleeves being axially spaced to locate a separate one of said sleeves about each of said splice joints, the length of each said sleeve being approximately twice the diameter of said Wire rope, the wall thickness of each said sleeve being not more than approximately one-fourth the diameter of said wire rope, and the axial spacing between adjacent ones of said splice joints being such that, upon passage of said long splice portion of said wire rope about a usual sheave, the section of said wire rope between adjacent said sleeves engages upon the periphery of the sheave.
The existing cable can be used as the pull wire to string the replacement cable. The open-ended grip is ideal when torsion forces are not an issue. Where torsion is present, swivel link grips can be supplied with differently sized grips for each side if required. For heavier duty applications (not overhead stringing), we offer the rotating barrel grip with a barrel that rotates when tension is lowered to release built up torsion. Note that the barrel ceases to rotate as load increases..
Splicing is an important part of custom cable assembly, and there are several methods by which splicing can be performed. Each is different, and understanding their pros and cons can help you design your cable and properly outfit your assembly team.
In this article, we’ve detailed the most common methods for wire splicing and introduced a new method that could prove an effective alternative for you or your custom cable supplier. Three of the most common splices are:
A heat shrink splice is performed by inserting the wires into either end of a cylindrical heat shrink sleeve that contains a ring of solder. When you heat the sleeve up with a heat gun, the solder liquifies and binds the wires while the sleeve tightens to seal the area of the connection. It’s a simple splice to perform and requires minimal equipment and labor beyond preparing the wires.
A butt splice connector looks like the heat shrink connector, but it is a crimp connector rather than relying on heated solder. The connector piece contains a metal ring, which connects to each end of wire you plan to splice.
All you have to do is insert your prepped wire into each end of the butt splice and crimp with a hand tool. The connection is sealed by crimping the connector around the wire individually, and the ring within the connector carries current between both cables. Once the connection has been crimped, heat shrink tubing is used to create a seal.
Soldering is the most common method for wire splicing in custom cable production, and it is the most reliable. The wires in question are connected manually (people have different methods, many twist the wires around each other like a “lineman’s splice”), and solder is heated with a soldering iron until it liquifies to fill and envelop the connection. Then, a sleeve of heat shrink is applied to seal.
If there’s a “best-kept-secret” of wire splicing, it is auto-splice machinery. But it shouldn’t be a secret and can be an incredibly valuable tool. Machine-splicing is nearly as reliable as soldering in terms of connection integrity and far more efficient.
In truth, a big reason we do most of our splicing via the soldering method is that manufacturers and engineers are generally unfamiliar with auto-splice equipment and are more comfortable with the status quo.
The auto-splice machine performs a crimp connection with a spool of brass-coated copper, which it cuts into a blank, stamps and forms a crimp around the wires. Then, heat-shrink can be used to cover the splice and provide the seal. The machine’s operator has full control of the machine’s motor with a foot-pedal and can process far greater throughput than with a soldering iron. Just like with any other method, wire will need to be cut, stripped and cleaned prior in order to perform the best splice.
Auto-splice machines are capable of performing wire-to-wire splices as well as wire-to-board splices and are useful for almost any connection, so long as the cables themselves aren’t too large. At around 14-gauge or bigger, the auto-splice is no longer reliable, and you’ll have to get the soldering iron out. In any case where a butt splice is used, an auto-splice machine could take its place to save money and production time without sacrificing quality.
Just like with soldering, there are things that could go wrong if the operator isn’t careful. It’s important to make sure all the strands of a wire are set in the machine’s carriage before the splice is made, otherwise any loose strands will be left out of the connection. It’s important for you to be sure you’re using the proper die with the machine for each different size wire you splice. Otherwise, connections will either be too tight or too loose to be reliable. The auto-splice is far simpler than the soldering iron to learn and provides some relief on that front to manufacturers struggling with staffing and training.
All things considered, auto-splice machinery is a slightly less reliable but far more cost-effective splicing method than soldering. With the right quality-control measures in place, using an auto-splice machine could make tons of sense for your facility or for your suppliers. Plenty of custom cable specialists will use auto-splice machinery, but it is worth making sure your supplier has the tooling available, especially if you want to produce at scale.
Hopefully this article can serve as a helpful guide, but we know nothing beats talking with an expert. If you have any questions about wire splicing, tooling or designing connections for manufacturability, please reach out.
When managing the electrical project, you will often find a need to splice electrical cables instead of buying new ones. Cable or wire splicing is the process of connecting the endpoints of two or more cable conductors. During cable splicing, the wires of different length are joined together while their original characteristics remain the same. Splicing can be performed on electrical and fiber optical cables.
The primary purpose of splicing is to allow spliced wires to carry the current. By performing splicing, you have the opportunity to connect damaged cables instead of installing new ones. Splicing cables can be a cheaper alternative to investing in new ones. However, splicing requires knowledge and some practice, so it is not an option for those without basic electrical knowledge.
You can also expand an electrical cable to reach a desired electrical circuit. For instance, coaxial cables in the house are often joined together when they do not reach the cable source or TV set in the house, so a single wire is formed. Cables are also spliced to extend fixture boxers or when heading a branch circuit in several separate directions. Slicing also comes in handy when moving lighting fixtures or breaking walls in the house.
It is not recommended to splice different wire gauges together because of the potential concerns about ampacity that would result in the current overloading.
You can safely splice three or more wires as long as you follow basic instructions. Pigtail is the best type of splicing when connecting three or more wires because it prevents one of the splices from remaining straight while others are twisted around it. When this occurs, the splicing might fail because the straight wire can be easily pulled out of the construction.
Do not use tape alone to splice wires without twist-on wire caps. This procedure is not approved by UL, and the wires are at risk of losing their original characteristics, such as flame retardancy, moisture resistance, etc.
There is a variety of popular electrical splices and joints used in cable splicing, including pig tails, y-splices, knotted tabs, aerial tabs, cross joints, and duplex cross joints. While pig tail is the most common type of splicing, you should educate yourself about these types to find which one is suitable for you. For instance, y-splices are performed on small cables with flexible strands.
For basic cable splicing, you will need the following tools: an electrical cable ripper, a wire stripper, a hammer, a screwdriver, working gloves, pliers, a cordless drill, and an extender for it. You will also need to gather materials to perform splicing, including a jbox, cable clamps for it, wire connectors as recommended by the UL, woodscrews, and a grounding pigtail.
You would need a separate set of tools for fiber optic splicing, including fiber strippers, crimp tools, tubing cutters, kevlar scissors, needle-nose pliers, fiber scribes, tweezers, and a jacket stripper.
After you made sure that all safety concerns are met, it is time to splice your wires. While there are several methods of splicing, we will review two of the simplest and most common. The first one is stripping wires prior to splicing, while the second one is splicing with the help of a twist-on wire cap that is often called "a wire nut." Follow these basic steps to perform splicing. As a rule, all manipulations should be performed within a junction box.
The splicing of fiber optic cables differ from regular cable splicing. While regular electrical cables" splicing is always mechanical, fiber optic cables can be joined using two methods: mechanical splicing and fusion splicing.
During fusion splicing, a special kind of fusion splicer machine is used to connect the two fibers. The ends are attached using electrical heat by creating an electrical arc. Thanks to the use of the machine, the connection between the two fibers is transparent and non reflective. Do mind that fusion splicing is more pricey than the mechanical one; however, it is considered higher quality and gives a longer life to the spliced cables. With fusion splicing, there is less reduction of the electrical current and less transmission loss. Fusion splicing is typically performed by a skilled technician. The typical loss of light transmission during the fusion splicing is around 0.1 dB, and the insertion loss is even less than this.
Mechanical splicing is the technique that allows joining fiber optic cables manually using only tools without a special electrical device. The fibers are connected using a special index matching liquid. The mechanical splice that connects the fibers is usually about 6 cm long. A covering is used to speed up the splicing process.
Mechanical splicing is a cheaper and faster method of connecting fibers. However, the reflection is higher than when using the fusion method. The insertion loss in the case of mechanical splicing is usually less than 0.5dB, while the splicing loss is around 0.3dB.
Located in northwest New Jersey, Jersey Strand and Cable, Inc. has been the most diversified fine diameter strand and cable manufacturer of its magnitude in the world for over 30 years. Our highly skilled and experienced staff provides our customers with the highest-quality standard and custom cable and stranded wire products available, including wire rope. Our innovative product development and unique custom cable manufacturing techniques allow us to provide micro-miniature, miniature, and small diameter wire sizes up to 1/8-inch finished product diameter.
With two state-of-the-art facilities in New Jersey that total over 100,000 square feet, Jersey Strand and Cable, Inc. is fulfilling a need in the industry for specialty cable and wire strand made to exact customer requirements. Our modern testing and development laboratory, along with other peripheral equipment and 200+ production machines, helps ensure that each customer’s product is manufactured and delivered to meet their precise specifications. Spearheaded by a former IBM systems engineer, we have developed a computerized, fully integrated management control system that controls and records all details of the manufacturing process, from RFQs to shipping and invoicing, to ensure that our products are adhering to customer and Jersey Strand and Cable, Inc. specifications. This system is efficient and streamlined and has been a huge factor in our success as the leading manufacturer of strand and cables.
Understand that most of the people out from the industry always face the problem of having no idea with the terms of wire rope when receiving quotation. In this update, we will explain in the most simple way and hopefully it is applicable to anyone.
6X36 = Construction of wire rope (There are quite a lot different constructions available for different application for example like, 6X25, 6X29, 6X31, 4X39, 19X7, 8X26 etc.)
RHOL = Right hand ordinary lay, it is the wire lay direction and very important to select the right direction of wire when dealing with multi-reeving, crane and hoist application.
EIPS (1960) = Extra improved plow steel and 1960 stands for the tensile strength 1960N/mm2. The figure is telling you the grade of wire rope, lower or higher tensile strength will result in different breaking strength.
UNGALVD = Ungalvanized, the surface finishing of wire rope. Galvanized and Ungalvanized are the basic surface finishing selection with different grade of lubrication.
MECH SPLICED = Mechanical splicing is the process of using hydraulic pressure to press the aluminum sleeve or metal sleeve and a loop is formed. This phrase is always telling you the terminal of both end wire rope. It can be plain, socketed, fuse tapered or eye formed.
Wire rope could have a lot of variation upon the application which I will cover in the next update. The essay above is good enough to tell the basic and hope it helps for procurement department while dealing with steel wire rope. Last but not least, selecting the right wire rope is crucial to your company"s long term expenditure and safety purposes. Do not take the risk because of cheap.
Wire ropes are one of the most critical pieces of rigging and lifting hardware. You can use wire ropes for lifting, rigging, and tying loads of virtually any size, shape, and type. To make the most out of wire ropes, however, you need a few additional rigging equipment, one of which includes wire rope clamps.
Also known as wire rope clips, riggers often use this nifty little piece of hardware at the end of the length of a wire rope. You can use a wire rope clamp to:
In short, a cable clamp is what makes a wire rope one of the most versatile pieces of rigging hardware. As these clamps come in different shapes, sizes, and materials, you will need to choose one that perfectly fits your lifting and rigging application. But before we get down to that, first, you need to understand what is wire rope clamp, its types, and a few other things.
It is a simple mechanical device. A typical wire rope clip consists of a saddle, U-bolt, and two hex nuts. This simple device is suitable for less permanent rigging and lifting applications. You must never use wire rope clips to make industrial slings.
The ASME B30.9 Slings standard clearly states that riggers should not use mechanical wire rope terminations that require periodic adjustments to create slings. In other words, you need to be careful when using rope clamps. You can use a wire rope clip to create an end loop for a winching or crane cable. You can also use it to build perimeter cables or increase the length of a wire rope going through a D-shackle or eye bolt.
Based on their shape, there are two types of cable clamps, U-bolt and double saddle. They both have unique mechanical properties and hence applications.
These cable clamps consist of a U-bolt, two nuts, and a metal base called a saddle. The U-bold passes through the saddle, which you can tighten with the two nuts. They come in various sizes and types of materials, including stainless steel and galvanized steel. You can choose a U-bolt wire rope clamp depending on your rigging or lifting application.
Usually, there are three types of materials used for making rope clips. You can choose a material based on your application as each one comes with its unique strengths and weaknesses.
In this type of wire rope clip, the base or saddle is made from forged steel. The manufacturing process involves heating and hammering the clips into desired shapes. Riggers often use these cable clamps for critical and heavy-duty applications as they are very strong. You can see them in winch lines, crane cables, hoist lines, towing lines, scaffoldings, guy lines, and even tie-downs.
The base or saddle is made from cast iron. As cast iron lacks the metal properties of stainless steel, it is not that strong. So, the malleable galvanized wire rope clamps are not very strong. They can break under heavy usage. You will see them being used in small or light-duty applications like fencing, parameter cables, or guard rails.
Stainless steel wire rope clips are arguably the best ones. The base or saddle is made from high tensile strength stainless steel. They are durable and easy to use. You can find these cable clamps in temporary guard rails, flag posts, and other outdoor rigging applications.
Wire rope clamps are an essential part of the rigging hardware. You can’t do away with them. But you have to make sure to use the right ones to keep the load and the riggers safe. If a wire rope snaps because you used the wrong type of clip, it can lead to disastrous consequences.
As you can see, each wire rope clamp comes with unique properties. You need the instruction manual to understand when, where, and how to use the cable clamps. Make sure the clamps are accompanied by respective user manuals when making a purchase.
By now, you know that some cable clamps are more suited for outdoor environments, while others aren’t. As a result, carefully think about where you want to use the wire rope clips. For example, if it’s a heavy outdoor application, stainless steel wire rope clamps would be a great fit.
Lastly, it’s always better to get an expert on board when shopping for wire rope clips. Maybe you can hire an engineer or expert with considerable field experience to help you choose the right types of clamps. An expert will help you take every detail into account before making the purchase. Remember, if you choose the right cable clamps right off the bat, you’ll save considerable time and money down the line.
Wire rope clamps are one of the essential rigging hardware. They land wire ropes more flexibility, allowing you to handle a wide range of applications with ease and safety. These are some tips that will help you choose the appropriate clamp for your need.
Wire rope is constructed of multiple strands of wire that are twisted and braided together to form a spiral design or helix. Once the separate wires are shaped into a solid form, they become a single wire with greater strength because the individual wires equalize pressure and have greater flexibility than the individual strands.
To further enhance the strength of wire ropes, they are grouped and wound together to produce cables, which adds to their usefulness as a means of support, ability to lift, and give structural stability.
A key factor in wire rope is the lay of the strands, which can be regular or lang. With regular lay, or right and ordinary lay, the strands are wound from left to right with the wires laid in the opposite direction of the lay of the strands. With lang lay, the wires are wound in the same direction.
The structure and design of wire rope produces a final product that has superior strength, excellent strength flexibility, and the ability to handle constant bending stress as well as being weather resistant.
Wire rope is one of those products that has found a place in a wide variety of industries since it can be adapted and shaped to fit several applications. It can be found as a tow cable for boats and airplanes or in the movie industry as a harness for stunt artists. The varied uses of wire rope have made it an essential part of operations that require a rope with strength, endurance, and flexibility.
In the aerospace industry, wire ropes, or Bowden cables, connect pedals and levers in the airplane cockpit to send power to aircraft systems to control the airplane. The things that are controlled by wire ropes are propeller pitch, cowl flaps, and throttle. Wire ropes on aircraft are insulated to avoid vibrations.
Wire rope is extensively used in the auto industry for a wide variety of applications due to its versatility and strength. It is used for raising windows and opening and closing sunroofs. Other uses include steering wheels, cables, exhausts, springs, sunroofs, doors, and seat components. In the manufacturing process, wire rope is used to hoist vehicles, move large body parts, and on hoists and cranes.
The construction industry has a greatest reliance on wire rope because of the need to lift and lower heavy loads. Wire rope used in construction must have extremely high strength and exceptional performance for safety reasons and efficiency. Larger versions of wire rope are used for suspension bridges and supporting concrete columns.
The main use of wire rope in food processing is for lifting, moving loads, and other heavy tasks. Finished products or raw materials require being moved in storage units and processing centers. The strength and endurance of wire rope makes it possible to move these materials. Wire rope for food processing must be able to withstand regular chemical cleaning.
As with other industries, the oil and gas industry needs strong and reliable equipment for moving heavy equipment. In ocean drilling, machinery is dropped into the ocean using wire rope to securely hold devices to be dropped to extreme depths. Wire ropes are designed to withstand the extreme pressure and stress required. A further use of wire ropes for drilling operations is to maintain stability in the drilling lines. One of the unique features of oil rig wire rope is its length, which can exceed 10,000 feet.
A very common use for wire rope is mooring and towing of sea and freshwater boats and vessels. In the shipbuilding industry, wire rope is used to secure lifeboats as well as lower them into the water. On sailboats, wire rope is used to lift and lower sails. The benefit of using wire rope is its resistance to corrosion and rust caused by salt water and ocean mist.
The skiing industry, much like heavy equipment industries, uses wire rope to hold cars, lifts, or chairs to transport skiers up the mountain. This type of wire rope comes in several varieties depending on the size of the mountain. The benefits of wire rope for skiing is its dependability, guaranteed safety, and reliability. The main challenge of wire rope for use in sports is the weather conditions it must endure.
Since the beginnings of amusement parks, wire rope has been an essential part of attraction construction. It is used to bring roller coaster cars to the top of the ride, hold swings, and pull various vehicles through attractions. One of the main concerns of public amusement parks is safety since rides are filled with powerful machinery designed to operate continuously.
Making the dangerous and exciting shots in movies requires well planned safety precautions. One of the aspects of that planning is wire rope that is designed to protect performers when they are engaged in dangerous and life threatening shots. Dependable wire ropes are ideal since they have the flexibility, strength, endurance, and versatility to be adapted to any conditions.
In architecture and design, wire rope has been used for guard rails, balustrades, and roof construction. In innovative green buildings where plants grow along the surface of the building, the plants grow along specially designed vertical wire ropes that are capable of withstanding weather conditions.
A common use of wire rope is in railings, which are safe, durable, and provide a pleasing aesthetic appeal. The use of wire rope for railings provides protection without obstructing the view from a building. This aspect of wire rope is one of the reasons that it is used for large architectural projects since it blends into the structure without interiors with the architectural design.
The types of wire rope are determined by the number of wires in each strand and how many are in the rope, which is defined by a two number system with the first number being the number of wires and the second being the number of wires in each strand. For example, a 6x19 wire rope has 6 wires in 19 strands.
There are a wide variety of products that are produced using wire rope. The demand for wire rope products is due to its strength, durability, and reliability. Since the basic purpose of wire rope is to lift and move heavy materials and items, the most common type of wire rope product is the wire rope sling.
Though the construction of wire rope slings is very similar for all types, there are certain variations applied to slings to adjust them to fit different applications. Slings are configured in various ways to fit different types of loads. These changes are referred to as hitches.
Bridle Hitch: The multiple leg or bridle hitch style has more than one wire rope sling attached to equalize the load and control balance. They reduce load damage by using fixed points on the load and offer easier rigging when hooked into fixed lifting points. .
Single Part Wire Rope Sling: The eye for a single part wire rope sling is formed by looping the wire rope back on to the rope. The end of the rope is attached by a clamp or being woven by hand or mechanically into the rope body. Single part wire rope slings use a single wire rope to produce the sling.
Braided Wire Rope Sling: A braided wire rope sling is made by braiding wire ropes to form a sling. The increased number of strands enhances the strength of the sling and its load capacity. Braiding can be done with three to nine wire ropes.
Cable Laid Wire Rope Sling: Cable laid wire rope slings are made from combining several smaller wire ropes to form a flexible, easy to handle, and kink resistant sling.
Woven Eye Wire Rope Sling: For the woven eye version of a wire rope sling, the eye is formed by weaving the wire rope into itself after forming the loop. It is designed to reduce the chance of the sling catching or being hung up when lifting.
Thimble Wire Rope Sling: To add to the strength of wire rope slings and lessen the stress on a small area of the eye, a thimble, a U shaped piece into which the wire rope fits, is placed in the eye, which helps the sling to retain its natural shape. The thimble is positioned to prevent the hook or load from coming in contact with the wire rope.
Endless Wire Rope Sling:Endless wire rope slings are adaptable slings without a set wear point. They can be manufactured in a wide range of sizes and are used in applications where headroom may be a problem. Endless wire rope slings are made by splicing the ends of a piece of wire rope together or by tucking strand ends into the body to form a core with a tucked position the opposite of the core position. They are also referred to as grommet wire rope slings.
Coiled wire rope is made from bundles of small metal wires that are twisted into a coil. It comes in many varieties and is easy to store since it does not require a spool. Coiled wire rope is produced in coils. When it is not in use, it springs back into a coil, which makes it easy to handle.
Cable wire rope is a type of high strength rope, made of several individual filaments. These filaments are twisted into strands and helically wrapped around a core. One of the most common types of wire rope cable is steel cable.
Push pull wire rope assemblies are used to send force and are used in the aircraft, exercise, medical, automotive, and office equipment industries. Unlike using a single heavy wire, push pull assemblies made with wire rope are stiffer and have a larger bend radii for smoother motion of the wire.
Wire rope assemblies include wire rope and various parts and components that have been added to the wire rope to enhance its function. The connectors for a wire rope assembly are designed to connect the assembly to hooks, equipment, or machines as well as other wire rope assemblies. The central part of a wire rope assembly is the wire rope, which determines the type and kind of work the assembly can perform.
Wire rope lanyards are a standard wire rope product that have a multitude of uses. They are produced using the same process that is used to produce wire rope with the same numbering categorizing system. Lanyards are used to hold fasteners, hardware, or components to prevent loss of an item or prevent injury.
In many ways, wire rope is a form of machine with multiple moving parts. Normally, when we think of a machine, we imagine a device with a motor, drives, and gears. Wire rope does not have any of those components but does fit the definition of being a complex mechanism. It has moving parts that work together to move heavy materials and loads.
The main function of wire rope is to do heavy lifting, which is very dependent on wire rope slings. The type of sling is determined by the quality of the wire rope used to form them and whether several ropes have been braided or wound together.
Wire is the smallest part of wire rope but makes up the various strands. The composition of the wire can be steel, iron, stainless steel, copper, or other types of metal wires and are produced in different grades. The individual wires can be coated or bright, meaning uncoated.
Strands are sets of wires that are twisted together and are placed in a helical pattern around the core. The size of the wire determines its abrasive qualities with larger wires being more abrasive and less flexible than smaller ones.
The core is the center of the wire rope and serves as a support for the strands and helps the wire rope keep its position when it is under stress or bearing a load.
Lubrication is applied during the manufacturing process to reduce friction between the wires and strands as well as protection from corrosion and rust. The tight winding of the wires enhances the ability of the wire rope to retain the lubrication which is essential to its longevity.
The purpose of applying lubricant is to limit the friction between the cables to increase the useful life of the wire rope. In certain applications, such as space travel, lubricants can be hazardous and cause equipment to malfunction. In those instances, non-lubricated wire rope is used, which is referred to as dry wire rope or cable.
Of all of the products that are made from wire rope, slings are the most common and widely used. These looped wire ropes come in different varieties and grades depending on the type of wire used. Also, to enhance wire sling performance, several wire ropes may be wound together to form a sturdier and more reliable sling.
Flemish splicing is a method for repairing a wire rope and involves breaking the wire rope in half and tying it back together. In the Flemish method, the wire rope is tied back on itself and swaged down a sleeve over the unbroken wire rope to create the new eye.
Prior to placing the wire rope into the holding device used to shape the eye, a steel compression sleeve is placed on the rope, which will be used to secure and hold the eye.
Once the proper size is achieved, the unwound strands are rewound in the reverse order of their former positioning. If the wire rope has a right hand lay, it is rewound using a left hand lay. The opposite is true if the wire rope has a left hand lay, then it is rewound using a right hand lay. By using this technique, a friction mold is formed for the splicing of the sling.
Anti-rotational wire rope resists the forces of rotation by having opposing layers of helical stands. By winding the wire rope with oppositional strands, the wire rope is guaranteed to not unwind in clockwise or counterclockwise directions. The key to anti-rotational wire rope is to ensure that the outer diameter is static.
In the manufacture of anti-rotational wire rope, counter stranded filaments have vacant spaces between them. To make the wire rope anti-rotational, it is tightly twisted in the counterclockwise direction, which tightens the spaces between the filaments. If the wire rope is turned in a counterclockwise direction, the strands tighten around each other creating a spring force.
The tails and stray wires of the wire rope have to be straightened and properly formed before applying the compression sleeve. Once the sleeve has been placed, it is carefully checked to be sure that it is accurately engaged.
Prior to placing the wire rope sling in the swaging die, the die has to be thoroughly lubricated. Once the die is set, the wire rope‘s compression sleeve and the wire rope are compressed using several hundred thousand pounds of force. The swaging process alters the dimensions of the wire rope and compression sleeve to form a tight connection for the correct diameter for the sling connection. As force is applied, the compression sleeve is turned so that pressure is evenly applied.
There are several types of metal wires that are used to produce wire rope, which include steel, stainless steel, galvanized, aluminum, nickel alloy, bronze, copper, and titanium. Carbon steel is the most common type of wire rope material.
Wire ropes are made using uncoated bright wire, which is high-carbon steel. The type of steel depends on the requirements of the wire and its tensile strength and its fatigue and wear resistance.
Galvanized wire rope is treated with zinc to prevent corrosion and can be used in harsh conditions and environments. It is a cost effective alternative to stainless steel but does not have the same corrosion resistance. Galvanized wire rope is stronger than stainless steel of the same grade and size. Vinyl coated galvanized wire rope is easy to handle and flexible.
Stainless steel wire rope is corrosion and rust resistant. It is available in types 316 and 304 with 316 having greater corrosion resistance. Stainless steel wire rope can be used for marine applications, acidic environments, and other demanding conditions. It is produced with the appropriate tolerances and composition to meet the needs of the application.
Multiple strands of copper are braided into a round hollow shape, which is pressed into the desired width and thickness. Copper wire rope has exceptional flexibility, an exceptional life span and can be used as part of electrical components.
Bronze wire rope inhibits sparking and is corrosion resistant. It is made from preformed wire to ensure that it maintains its shape and does not unravel when cut. Bronze wire rope is abrasion resistant and very flexible with a crush resistant core.
Inconel wire can be used in applications that reach temperatures as high as 2000° F and is oxidation and corrosion resistant. It is non-magnetic and has excellent resistance to chloride based corrosion cracking. Inconel wire rope can be used with nuclear generators and chemical and food processing.
Titanium wire rope comes in several grades with grade two being 99% pure. It is easily formable and weldable. Titanium wire rope is commonly used in chemical processing and marine hardware.
For wire rope to perform properly, it needs to have proper care. Wire rope is an essential tool necessary to perform a wire range of lifting and moving jobs. It is important that it be handled, treated, installed, stored, and treated correctly to prolong its life and perform to the highest standards.
Seizing should be completed on both ends of the wire rope, which will protect it from loosening. If this is done improperly, the wire rope can become distorted. Wire rope that is properly seized evenly distributes the load.
Wire rope is stored on reels or coils and has to be carefully handled when it is being removed. To ensure excellent performance, the wire rope should not be dropped during removal. If the reel or coil is dropped or damaged, it can make handling the wire rope difficult and cumbersome. As the wire rope is removed from the reel, check to see that the reel is rotating as the wire is removed.
Wire rope is depended on for heavy lifting and is trusted to keep a load and people safe. As with all heavy duty equipment, wire rope must have a regular inspection schedule and be visually assessed during use.
Broken Strands – An easy way to check for broken strands is to run a cloth over the length of the wire. Broken strands that are found in critical areas, such as parts that pass through pulleys or sections that are regularly flexed, rubbed, or constantly worked must be replaced and repaired.
Internal wear – This can be tested by flexing the wire rope, which indicates if the interior has deteriorated, experienced fatigue, or become distorted.
For wire rope to perform at the highest level, it has to be stored in a well ventilated environment that is dry, covered, and not in contact with the floor. The avoidance of high moisture or damp conditions is an absolute necessity. While the wire rope is in storage, it should be moved regularly to keep the lubricant from wearing off.
Though lubricant is applied during the manufacturing of wire rope, it wears off during use. Lubrication is the key to the performance of wire rope because it helps prevent abrasion as the wires rub against one another. Relubrication should be applied after the original lubricant has worn off.
Wire rope is a tool and must be cleaned regularly as with any form of machinery. This can be accomplished with different types of petroleum solvents and a wire brush. Mechanical methods of cleaning can include compressed air or a steam cleaner. Once the cleaning process is completed, the wire rope should be lubricated for protection.
There are several substances that can harm a wire rope. They include salt water, brine, acid, various gasses, and humidity. To avoid the intrusion of these negative effects, when a job is completed and the wire rope is to be stored, it should be cleaned, lubricated, and placed in proper storage.
When wire rope is being removed from a spool or being spooled, the operation must be performed smoothly with the spool rotating at a constant speed and rhythm. This will help prevent kinking or binding.
When a wire rope shows a reduction in diameter, has broken wires, kinks, nodes, flattened surfaces, out of place outer wires, damage from heat exposure, corrosion damage, or the formation of unexpected loops, it should be removed and replaced or be repaired.
Wire rope is regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as part of the regulations for cranes and derricks in construction as part of 29 CFR 1926.1413, which went into effect on November 8, 2010.
The inspection of wire ropes is on three levels: shift, monthly, and annually. Shift and monthly inspections can be completed by an approved operator, while annual inspection must be completed by certified personnel.
As with the shift and monthly inspections, the annual inspection follows the guidelines for the shift inspection. This inspection must be completed by certified personnel. The entire surface of the wire rope has to be inspected, with attention to:
Annual inspections can be excused if it is not possible due to the wire ropes setup or configuration or the location of the work site. It must be completed within six months. If any deficiencies are found, the wire rope must be repaired or removed. For some deficiencies, it is possible to keep the wire rope in use but have them regularly monitored.
Wire rope is a form of metal tool that is constructed of multiple strands of wire that are twisted and braided together to form a spiral design or helix.
To further enhance the strength of wire rope, they are grouped and wound together to produce cables, which adds to their usefulness as a means of support, ability to lift, and give structural stability.
The types of wire rope are determined by the number of wires in each strand and how many are in the rope, which is defined by a two number system with the first number being the number of wires and the second being the number of wires in each strand.