wire rope logging chokers free sample

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Cable yarding consists of a system that uses cables to transport material from the woods to the landing. Material may be fully or partially suspended for all or a portion of the yarding distance. The cables are strung in corridors through the stand. No yarding equipment other than the cables and a carriage are operated within the stand itself. There are number of different rigging configurations that can be used in cable logging.

A highlead system is not a skyline and consists of a mainline and a haulback cable. It requires a minimum of two drums on the yarder. The only carriage a highlead system is capable of operating with is a grapple, otherwise it usually is configured with a butt rigging and chokers. It is a ground lead system except that lift is provided to the turn of logs by the height of the tower as the logs approach the landing. This system is limited to operating in clearcuts due to the nature of its setup. It may be operated in either an uphill or downhill yarding configuration.

This is not a skyline system and consists of only one line, a mainline. The line either is pulled into the stand manually or is thrown by the yarder. It can operate with either chokers or a grapple. Yarding distances are usually limited to 300 feet or less. The prescription is either a clearcut or a heavy thinning. This is a ground lead system.

A rudimentary appreciation of yarder operation is of assistance in understanding the problems a yarding engineer has in running a yarder to operate the various cable yarding systems. This is of special concern when a skyline payload is marginal. There may be a difference between theoretical maximum payload and the actual maximum pay load as governed by yarder and logging system limitations. Some yarding systems are very demanding and require a very skilled yarding engineer to operate them effectively.

Undercarriages for steel towers are designed for efficiency in yarding but they also have to be designed to meet highway load limits and to traverse steep, narrow, winding logging roads. The larger the yarder and tower the more complicated the design. Some of the largest machines have to be equipped with jeeps and pups, or must be disassembled to meet highway load limits and to traverse winding roads. A loader or crane is needed to disassemble a large yarder tower.

These undercarriages are relatively inexpensive but require a log truck or highway tractor to move them any distance. They can be moved short distances by a crawler tractor if they are properly equipped.

The cable used will determine the load capacity of the system and the maintenance schedule. Cable, or wire rope, is made up of wires that are wound into strands. The strands are then wound into the finished wire rope. There are many different configurations of wire rope. The direction in which the wires are wound into strands, the number of wires in each strand, the direction the strands are wound, the number of strands in the rope, and the material the rope is made of classify wire rope.

The core is an axial member around which strands are laid to form a wire rope. It may be either steel, natural fibers, polypropylene, or even a small-diameter wire rope.

The number of strands and the number of wires per strand classify wire rope. For example, a 6x19 IWRC rope that has six strands, each of which is made up of 19 wires. It also has an independent wire rope core, IWRC. The number of wires per strand directly affects the flexibility and resistance to abrasion, the more wires per strand the more flexible and the higher abrasion resistance.

The direction in which the strands are laid is the lay. A regular lay aligns the wires along the length of the rope for improved abrasion resistance. A lang lay aligns the wires at an angle to the length of the rope.

Much of the wire rope used today is swaged. Swaging compresses the wire rope axially which improves the life of the rope and increases the load capacity. The advantages of swaged rope are:

Manufacturers provide tables with breaking strengths for their ropes. The safe working load, SWL, is a fraction of the breaking strength, usually one third. This is referred to as having a factor of safety of 3. As an example, a wire rope with a breaking strength of 103400 lbs has a SWL of 34500 lbs when the factor of safety is 3.

This type of carriage has no means of allowing a skidding line to be contained in or pass through it. It may be moved laterally with a Dutchman line or by sideblocking. The chokers usually are shackled directly to the carriage or to a short line attached to the carriage.

There are many names for the lines used in the different cable configurations. The basic terms are mainline, skyline, haulback, slackpulling, and dropline or skidding line. The skyline is the cable on which the carriage rides. All skyline systems contain a skyline. The mainline is the line that runs from the tower to the carriage. This cable pulls the carriage back to the landing. The haulback is used in downhill operations and where the line slope is less than 20% and the carriage requires assistance to get into the unit. A slackpulling line is used with mechanical slackpulling carriages that require a separate line to raise and lower the dropline. The dropline, or skidding line, is the line to which the grapple or chokers are attached. It may be attached to the mainline, as in a mechanical slackpulling carriage, or it may be mounted on a drum in the carriage.

The haywire or strawline is used when rigging a cable road, which is a small, light cable that can be more easily pulled into the unit. It is then attached to the larger operating lines to pull them into position.

There are a number of safety issues when working around cable operations. Anchor failure can be mitigated using solid anchors and proper anchor building techniques. Cable failures can result from inadequate deflection, poorly maintained cables, trying to haul loads larger than the safe working load of the cables, and numerous other factors.

Description: Managing Appalachian hardwood forests to satisfy the growing and diverse demands on this resource will require alternatives to traditional silvicultural methods and harvesting systems. Determining the relative economic efficiency of these alternative methods and systems with respect to harvest cash flows is essential. The effects of silvicultural methods and roundwood prices on harvesting revenue are presented for skyline and conventional skidder logging. Silvicultural methods evaluated include single-tree selection, group selection, even-age management, two-age management, diameter-limit cutting, and commercial thinning. Results indicate that harvesting systems had less impact on harvesting revenue than silvicultural methods or roundwood prices, and that hardwood markets can significantly affect economic trade-offs associated with forest management alternatives.

This invention relates generally to a device for straightening bent and kinking wire rope, and the like, and particularly to a device suitable for mounting on the bed of a log-hauling truck, and the like, straightening bent and kinking log chokers.

Logging operations conventionally employ wire ropes generally referred to as logging chokers and having a noose used for hauling logs and the like. These logging chokers may span from one-half to 1 inch in diameter and from 16 feet to 40 feet in length. A problem which arises with the use of these chokers, however, is that they tend to become bent and kinked, and workmen in the woods cannot conveniently straighten such bent and kinked portions at the logging site.

Various proposals have been made for devices which bend and/or straighten cable, pipe, and the like. Examples of such devices can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,054,132, issued Feb. 25, 1913 to H. A. Miner; 2,451,302, issued Oct. 12, 1948 to A. E. Peters; 3,511,074, issued May 12, 1970 to S. R. Crees; and 3,848,450, issued Nov. 19, 1974 to E. K. Dehlbon et al. A major disadvantage of these known devices as regards the straightening of bent and kinked logging chokers, and the like, in the field is that they tend to be heavy and rather complex, and accordingly expensive, of construction.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a wire rope straightening device which is light weight and can be kept in the field during logging operations, and the like.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a choker straightening device which will permit workmen in the woods to have straight chokers at all times.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a straightening device which can selectively be employed as a splicing vise for connecting together two lengths of wire rope, and the like.

While the present invention is primarily intended for use with logging chokers, it is to be understood that the invention may be employed for straightening, or splicing, any cables.

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view showing a cable straightening and splicing vise device according to the present invention disposed on a suitable supporting structure, such as the bed of a logging truck.

Referring now more particularly to the figures of the drawing, a cable straightener 10 according to the invention includes a base member 12 on which are arranged two laterally spaced, longitudinally extending cable support members 14 and 16 disposed for supporting between them a bent portion 18 of a conventional cable 20, which may be a logging choker and the like.

Motor 30 includes a piston 38 and cylinder 40 assembled in a conventional manner and including a piston rod 42 affixed to piston 38 and extending from cylinder 40 for pivotal connection to the outer, or free, end of arm 34 as by a conventional pin connection 44. A yoke bracket 46 including a base 48 attached to mounting surface 28 is provided with a pair of substantially parallel, laterally spaced legs 50 and 52 for pivotally mounting cylinder 40 on the support or mounting surface 28 of base member 12. By this arrangement, cylinder 40 will be able to pivot relative to base member 12 and retain a proper relationship with respect to an instantaneous position of the lever arrangement 22. Thus, the pivotal mounting of cylinder 40 cooperates with the by-planar construction of the base member 12 to provide adequate power transfer between the motor 30 and the arm 32 of lever arrangement 22 by a simple and lightweight construction.

Power device 24 further includes a conventional graduating valve 60 provided with a suitable actuating handle (not shown) and mounted on the mounting surface 26 at a point thereon spaced from the mounting surface 28 and connected to cylinder 40 as by a conventional hose 62 for controlling displacement of piston 38 within cylinder 40. Valve 60 will be connected to a suitable source (not shown) of air under pressure, such as may be provided on a conventional logging truck schematically represented by the structure designated S supporting the straightener 10 in FIGS. 1 through 3 of the drawing, as by a conventional fitting (not shown) provided on valve 60.

As can be appreciated from the above description and from the drawing, a choker straightener and splicing vise according to the invention provides a simple and lightweight yet rugged and reliable device for removing bends and kinks from chokers by workmen in the woods. The device may be mounted on a conventional logging truck, and the like, or can be actuated by a suitable fluid source, such as an air pump readily available on loading and yarding machines and other logging equipment on which it is mounted. Further, it can be anchored to a stump or log at the logging site, provided a source of fluid under pressure is available. It has been found that a suitable device may be constructed which weighs less than 150 pounds. The use of a graduating valve for actuating the fluid motor of the device is especially advantageous when the device is used as a splicing vise. The economics of the invention will enable all loggers to be able to afford their own straightener and splicing vise. The impact on safety of workmaen is tremendous. Workmen in the woods can have straight chokers at all times, which eliminates the possibility of bends and kinks from straightening themselves after the choker has been applied to a, for example, log or bundle of logs, and the like, and permitting the log or logs to slip and injure workmen in the vicinity. The average choker can be straightened with the invention in, for example, less than three minutes.

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Most of us laypeople do not know the first thing about logging chokers. But anybody who has worked in the logging industry could tell you about the different types of logging chokers and how to use them.

This article explores several examples of logging chokers, their descriptions, and their applications. By reading this article and internalizing what makes these tools different, readers will gain a better appreciation for logging chokers as a whole.

Property owners, farmers, contractors, and loggers all utilize cat chokers. To use a cat choker, you must place the nub into the choker bell. This creates a choking pressure around the log. It is perfect for skidding or moving logs.

Ring chokers are like cat chokers, only they have a heavy-duty ring put into a thimble eye. The ring is used as a pick point, which keeps the eye lasting longer. Ring chokers are commonly used with a toggle for purposes related to sky car logging.

Skidding chokers come with nubs on both ends that are used in slider systems. These chokers are often found on skidders or tractors and are less popular than cat chokers.

Pipe chokers include pressed carbon steel on both ends, as well as a sliding hook on the sling’s body. A pipe choker and a pipe choker cable can be used to lift cylindrical materials, like pipes.

The final example on the list of different types of logging chokers and how to use them, chain chokers are very similar to any other kind of choker. To operate one, slip the chain into the slot on the choker hook. It will remain in place once it has been installed and you apply the load. They can be difficult to slide under logs without a grab rod.

The world of logging chokers is full of small nuances and distinctions. Hopefully, this article gave you a better idea of how certain logging chokers differ from each other.