snubbing unit vs workover rig made in china

Pumping services tend to get more expensive offshore, because of the degree to which the equipment must be assembled on location. Wire based services still require assembly, but because the parts are smaller can usually be mobilized in larger ‘chunks’ thus requiring less assembly on location. On land, fluid pumping equipment is much more readily portable on trucks or trailers. Workover rigs on land are incredibly cheap in most places as measured on a per diem basis. Part of their advantage is that they arrive to location with most of their key components already assembled in/on one truck. This advantage disappears offshore where the rig must be assembled on site first.

Paying for a drilling rig or intervention vessel is the price of gaining physical access to the well. Everything else must be added to it to get physical access to the general area and then gain access to the well. There is no need for various forms of standalone pumping services because the vessel or rig will already have a cementing unit and/or the mud pumps available for that sort of work.

Performing the same operation over and over again has significant cost savings attached to it. Once the correct housing and supply arrangements are in place, and all the necessary people and equipment have been assembled, continuing to use it altogether ‘as is’ can save an enormous amount of money compared to dispersing it all and starting over again later. For land operations, this is most pronounced in areas where reservoir, surface, and operational practices allow for grouping wells together in relatively small areas, and for clustering well pads. Depending on what work is being done to the wells and how close together they are it may be possible to ‘hop’ from one well to the other without ever moving the equipment on a road or doing a complete rig-down.

Deepwater operations can benefit from this too, but not as much as ‘traditional’ fixed or surface access facilities, because the overall day rate of the rig or intervention vessel is often much higher, and the process of switching between wells is often much lengthier.

On land, you hire the unit and crew, and a small diem fee is added to the cost of employing them so they can stay in a hotel and get food when they are not working. The crews will transport themselves to and from the well and move the equipment to and from the well also.

The costs of conducting business in each of these 3 areas tend to scale very roughly in factors of 10. 100 wells making 50 bbls of oil each on land is a cash cow. Offshore that is a disaster, because the cost of servicing those wells is prohibitive. A more reasonable scenario is 10 wells making 500 bbls of oil each. In deepwater, a well making 500 bbls of oil a day is an abandonment candidate, if indeed it got that far along before abandonment. One well making 5,000 bbls a day is more. The direct cost of hiring (for example) a snubbing unit do not scale by factors of 10, but the overall cost of employing a snubbing unit do. As a result, different types of well servicing make sense in one area which may not make sense in another. On land in areas with ordinary access to infrastructure (not the Sahara or Alaska) operations like slickline are often so cheap that they are a routine procedure, with preventative or predictive maintenance schedules to scrape away paraffin or remove small amounts of scale. By contrast, it is completely cost prohibitive to try and attempt to perform similar work in deepwater – you either design and operate the well in such a way that paraffin and scale do not build up in the wellbore at appreciable rates, or you P&A the well. The cost of routine mitigation is simply too high. The relative cheapness of most workover rigs on land is another major factor. Many types of operations which could in theory be carried out in some other way are done with a workover rig simply because it is the most cost-effective technique, even if other methods might be faster, or involve fewer people. The relatively high cost of a rig for offshore facilities means that in most cases every effort short of getting a rig is tried first. Then a catalogue or list of operations to be conducted by a rig at a given facility will be gradually built up over time until they reach a critical level. At that point, a rig will be sent out to conduct all the operations which only it can perform, moving from one well another to save costs by making the work repeatable.

The rig assist unit was installed on top of the rig’s Bops. A landing joint was lowered into the stack and screwed into the tubing hanger. The snubbing Bops were tested using the rig pump to 35mpa

The stack was equalized using the snubbing unit equalize line to well bore pressure. The hanger hold-down screws were backed out and the tubing hanger staged out using the snubbing units annular and stripping rams

Once the lift force from the well overcame the weight of the string, the snubbing unit took over pipe movement. The tubing connections were still staged out and the pipe continued to be racked in the derrick

The joint was gently snubbed up until the fill/flow sub was above the snubbing unit annular element. The operator continued to raise the tubing until the lower connection of the 3m pup joint engaged the bottom side of the stripping rams. The rams were locked and the chamber between the stripping rams and annular was re-equalized

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Snubbing units have evolved into one of the most capable and efficient well servicing tools in the oil & gas industry. In the 1920"s, the need for a rig to work with pressures at surface drove the invention of the snubbing unit. The first snubbing unit was primarily designed to work in well control situations to "snub" drill pipe and or casing into, or out of, a well bore when conventional well killing methods could not be used. The first snubbing unit relied on the draw works of the companion rig to supply its" power. A series of sheaves, cables and counter weights were rigged up so that as the rig"s traveling blocks hoisted up, the snubbing unit would snub in the hole. Conversely, when the traveling blocks on the rig were lowered, the snubbing unit would snub out of the hole. As you can imagine, this required close communication with several different contractors in order to perform the work safely and efficiently.

One of the main components of a snubbing unit is the slip. Stationary and travelling slips are operated in sequence to grip the pipe as it is snubbed into the well. Typically, a minimum of four slip bowls are used in snubbing operations. Two slip bowls are designated for "pipe light" operations. Pipe light is when the well bore forces are greater than the tubular weight in the well bore. The other two slip bowls are designated for "pipe heavy" operations. Pipe heavy occurs when either enough pipe has been snubbed into the well bore and fluid weight inside of the pipe is greater than the snub forces acting against the pipe in the well bore.

While snubbing into the hole, there is a transition point the tubular goes through from being pipe light, to pipe heavy. This transition is an equilibrium typically referred to as the "balance point". The balance point occurs when there is enough pipe weight in the wellbore to equal the snub forces generated against the pipe. In certain instances, thousands of feet of pipe can be moved with minimal effort since the pipe weight is at an equal state with the snub forces. Snubbing contractors calculate this snub force and add in a friction factor from the BOP and wall contact on either a casing or tubing string. If done correctly, the snubbing contractor can predict when this balance point will take place and can properly prepare for it.

Modern snubbing units are powered by sophisticated hydraulic systems. These hydraulic units typically supply all power required by the components of a snubbing operation. With a better understanding of hydraulics and modern advances, companies have been able to harness this hydraulic energy to develop precision controlled snubbing units. These units move tubulars into and out of a well bore by use of a "multi cylinder jack"; a snubbing jack comes in many sizes depending on the task at hand. They are usually denoted in size by the snubbing unit description (i.e. 460K, 340K, 200K, etc). The 460K snubbing unit has the ability to lift 460,000 LBS and a snubbing capacity of 230,000 LBS. Most snubbing units can typically snub half of their lift rating. Assume you had a well with 10,000 PSI at surface and wished to snub in a string of 2 3/8" tubing. The snubbing contractor can calculate the snub force, add in their respective friction calculations and project the snub force to overcome will be approximately 51,000 LBS. This would put a 120K snubbing unit to close to its maximum capacity of 60,000 LBS snub loading. The safest bet would be a 150K or 235K snubbing unit.

Well control is taken very seriously by snubbing contractors. The BOP is the only barrier between the well bore and personnel. Depending upon well conditions, pressures and work performed, the BOP stack configuration varies greatly; there can be a minimum of three BOP"s and in some cases, up to ten. All of this is determined in the pre-job phase of the operation.

Pipe handling is performed by the snubbing units "gin pole" and "pipe winches". The gin pole is typically telescoped out in excess of 40ft above the snubbing unit. With the use of dual tubing winches, multiple joints of pipe can be handled simultaneously, speeding up the operation.

The snubbing "basket" is the platform where the snubbing personnel work. The basket contains all of the necessary hydraulic controls to operate all the features of the snubbing unit, as well as a large bank of BOP"s and hydraulic valve controls.

Today"s snubbing units can be employed to provide a wide range of services. In essence, a snubbing unit is a hydraulic rig that can do everything a rig can do, plus it can perform under pressure in an under balanced live well state. This is especially critical to the operators in the Haynesville Shale, which is known for HPHT wells. With the use of the snubbing units" hydraulic rotary, the unit can be employed for fishing, milling, drilling, side tracking or any task needed to remove bridge plugs, cement or deepen wells.

The industry has become more aware of damages caused by heavy kill weight fluids and mud. This has helped make snubbing units more popular in a completion and workover role, versus its" traditional use as a well control response tool. With the advances in drilling technologies in the unconventional shale market, the benefits of snubbing units have become very apparent. These types of completions often have laterals extending out thousands of feet. With costly stimulations used to help extract the gas more efficiently, operators often times do not wish to turn around and load the well with heavy fluids to complete the well dead.

Coiled tubing has its limitations in reach, due to wall to wall mechanical friction in horizontal wells. Often times the coiled tubing units cannot reach TD or supply the needed weight on bit to mill up composite plugs typically used in completions.

Another clear advantage to using a snubbing unit is its" small footprint, which is critical on the tight locations in the unconventional shale"s. Moreover, the small size and ease of mobilizing is especially useful and cost effective with offshore wells.

In conclusion, with the snubbing unit"s size, ability to handle pressure, rotary capabilities, rigidity of jointed tubing and minimal wall contact, snubbing units have become the chosen resource for these types of completions.

Major players in the hydraulic workover unit market are Archer limited, Basic Energy Services, Inc. , Canadian Energy Equipment Manufacturing FZE, Cudd Energy Services, Easternwell Group, Elnusa, Halliburton Company, High Arctic Energy Services Inc, Key Energy Services, LLC, NOV Inc.

New York, March 24, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Hydraulic Workover Unit Global Market Report 2022" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06247583/?utm_source=GNW

The global hydraulic workover unit market is expected to grow from $8.65 billion in 2021 to $9.58 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.7%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $12.40 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 6.7%.

The hydraulic workover unit market consists of sales of hydraulic workover unit services by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that utilize versatile, cost-saving, and safe techniques for the repair and maintenance of all types of wells.Hydraulic workover is a well intervention technique used for installing or removing tubes (pipes) in and out of dead wells (the well with zero surface pressure).

The main services in the hydraulic workover unit are workover and snubbing.The snubbing services are used to install or eliminate tubular from a well while the well is pressurized.

Snubbing has the advantage of allowing work to be done without dying the well, which eliminates reservoir formation damage and costly stimulation procedures.The various installation types include skid mounted, trailer mounted and has a capacity in different ranges such as 0-50 tonnes, 51-150 tonnes, above 150 tonnes.

North America was the largest region in the hydraulic workover unit market in 2021. The regions covered in this report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa.

The increasing shale gas production is projected to propel the growth of the hydraulic workover unit market in the coming years.Shale gas is natural gas generated from a type of sedimentary rock called shale that is formed from clastic origins such as sedimentary rock or siltstone.

The most adaptable technology available in the upstream oil and gas industry is the snubbing unit, which is a type of hydraulic workover unit. According to the United States Energy Information Administration, shale gas production in the USA is expected to increase from 27.90 trillion cubic feet in 2021 to 32.50 trillion cubic feet by 2025. Therefore, the increasing shale gas production drives the growth of the hydraulic workover unit market.

The introduction of multiphase projects is a key trend gaining popularity in the hydraulic workover unit market.Major players operating in the hydraulic workover unit sector are launching multiphase projects in collaboration with technology players to set a new offshore snubbing unit or hydraulic workover world record.

For instance, in September 2020, SBS Energy Services (SBS), a US-based provider of snubbing, hydraulic workover services entered into a strategic partnership with Helix Solutions to complete a multi-phase project that deactivates roughly 29,000 feet of 10 inches by 6 inches insulated pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico.

In April 2019, High Arctic Energy Services Inc., a Canada-based drilling oil and gas wells company acquired assets of snubbing services equipment from Precision Drilling for $8.5 million. The acquisition provides the High Arctic with additional quality snubbing equipment and access to experienced personnel and crews. Precision Drilling is a Canada-based drilling rig contractor involved in offering snubbing services, oil field rental, and supplies.

The countries covered in the hydraulic workover unit market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA.

Snubbing department is founded in 2012, currently owning two Hydra Rig 225k standalone snubbing units, three Caterpillar powerpacks, two sets of well controlequipment with imported seals, and complete sets of auxiliary equipment. All downhole tools and core accessories are imported from America. All equipment and tools iscertified and inspected by third party. The maximum pressure our units can be applied is 105MPa, highest in China at present, which fills the absence of high pressure wellssnubbing operation in China. Supported workstring size ranges from 1-1/4” to 5-1/2”, and chrome tubing operation can be performed with special tools we owned.Since the day snubbing department was founded, wecommitted ourselves to high pressure oil and gas wells snubbing service. Cooperation with Cudd, Snubco, Topwell, Shengli was made, which contributes to thedevelopment of snubbing technology in China. Through hard effort, our service was recognized by many oil fields and gas fields. We have provided snubbing service forJianghan oil field, Puguang oil field, Tarim oil field, Huabei oilfield, covering operations such as tripping, completion, perforation, fracturing, milling, wash over, paraffinwashing etc. Our outstanding performance and efficiency was recognized and praised by customers for numerous times.(December, 2014)

Snubbing refers to a workover operation, by which specialized equipment are utilized to operate on live wells. During snubbing operation, wellbore pressure can be maintained, and thus eliminate the necessity of well killing (washing) and pressure release. For oil wells, the greatest advantage of snubbing operation is that, original formation pressure is preserved, which effectively protects formation pressure, avoiding pollution to oil reservoir, reducing the times of acidification, fracturing and other well stimulation, and finally providing favorable conditions for long-term development and stable production of oil and gas fields. For high-pressure oil and gas wells, the process of stopping injection and bleeding off are not required prior to operations, which shortens construction duration, saves the costs of kill fluid required for conventional operations and accessary equipment, abates pollution and finally protects the environment.For shale gas wells, well killing is avoided, which can reduce the pollution to shale gas formation, and effectively prevent gas reservoir from over-killing and formation damage.

1.Snubbing operation provides a new idea for exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Traditional well killing method is adopted for oil and gas wells, intending to balance formation pressure, and prevent blowout. The operation cannot be conducted in the wells with pressure, resulting in difficulty in realization of many geological requirements and influence on geological analysis. During application of the technology in oil and gas wells, string tripping, various evaluation testing, change of working system and other processes can be completed in those wells with pressure.

2.The technology maintains original condition of formation in oil - gas layer to the maximum to accurately evaluate the reservoir. When flowing into formation, kill fluid causes pollution and has a negative effect on subsequent data acquisition, well completion, well testing and ultimately, results of reservoir description, as well as recovery efficiency. The oil and gas wells reservoir physical properties get the best protection through snubbing operation which avoids damage to newly exploited reservoirs during conventional exploration, such as blockage of new perforation, mud cake which leads to wrong stratigraphic interpretation, expansion of water-sensitive minerals which weakens the reservoir physical properties, in order to obtain accurate data during oil reservoir evaluation.

Introduction to the application: the operation shall be applied to trip out the pipe string and tool string in the well out of the wellbore under pressure, and trip in new designed pipe string into the wellbore, or replace the existing pipe string in the well. Currently, Yilong snubbing department has tripped in several completion pipe strings in Jianghan Oilfield and Puguang Oilfield. The tripping operation for tubing and BHAs is achieved through controlling pressure with annular blowout preventer or stripper BOPs, and keep pressure equalized all the time. The maximum BHA allowed to go through the unit is 180mm. The maximum lift force of jack is 120 T , maximum snubbing force is 60 T, and can be applied to wells with wellhead pressure less than 105 MPa. The technology is very mature currently.

Operation description: prepare snubbing equipment; dismount the wellhead and rig up blowout preventer and snubbing equipment; trip in completion work string under pressure; land the tubing hanger; test the pressure and rig down the equipment, and recover the oil pathway, hand over to production.

Introduction to the application: since the pipe strings for brine ejection in some gas storages contain high pressure gas after completion of brine ejection, and the operation cannot be realized through conventional workover, coiled tubing and other technologies, which means only snubbing operation shall be applied.

Operation description: prepare tubing plug and snubbing unit, and rig down the wellhead and install blowout preventer and snubbing unit; take out 4-1/2” pipe strings for brine ejection from 7” injection-production pipe strings; rig down snubbing equipment and BOP stacks, and put into production.

For example, the horizontal section of the well is too long in a certain perforating operation. Previously, the perforated pipe string could not be tripped into the target section for 5 consecutive days because of the working capacity of coiled tubing, and construction progress was affected as a result. After the discussion, it was decided to use the snubbing unit to trip the tool string into target section. With long horizontal section and large fluctuations in horizontal well section, the tripping process was blocked several times. However, the perforating gun was finally tripped into the target layer with the excellent working capacity of stand-alone equipment after hard working for two days. Pressure perforating was conducted, pipe string was tripped out after completed perforating, and equipment for operation under pressure was rigged down for standby. Party A conducted fracturing of separate layers through pumping bridge plug and coiled tubing, and 2-7/8EUE tubing was tripped in the well through the equipment for operation under pressure after completion of fracturing, as the completion pipe string. It took 6 days for tubing conveyed perforating through equipment for operation under pressure, including equipment rig up and rig down, and 5 days for pipe string tripping. New solution for well-cased perforating was proposed by tubing conveyed perforating through snubbing unit. There shall be more sections to conduct perforating and fracturing after implementation, so as to increase the production of operating well and create greater economic benefits.

Equipment for operation under pressure will trip motor, nozzles and other tools into the well, pump the circulating liquid or chemicals into the pipe string. With the torque, yield strength, length of tubing and other advantages, if coiled tubing fails to meet the well condition requirements, it shall be solved by taking the advantages snubbing unit, especially for drilling, sand washover, paraffin removal and fishing for wells with high pressure, high production and deep wells. The torque of rotary table reaches up to 6,500 lb.ft, which can conduct drilling and milling for vertical well sections, and also can benefit slip release during blocking of pipe string. With wide coverage capacity and strong working capacity, snubbing unit is suitable for processing highly difficult wells, such as the complicated wells containing sand washover, drilling plug, milling, fishing and other procedures simultaneously.

For the anticorrosion, chromium-containing tubing and small tubing with small wall thickness tripped in the wells with strong corrosion, high sulphur content and high carbon dioxide content, if during tripping-in, the body is scratched by the slips or hydraulic tongs, the service life of tubing will be greatly influenced, which may increase a large number of costs for future maintenance, and even induce complex working conditions, cause engineering accidents. During tubing tripping-in under pressure, both the strong jacking force in the well and dead weight of string will apply on the slips to make bite marks on the tubing body, affecting the normal operation. Therefore, Yilong has introduced advanced tool accessories from abroad, including traceless slip tooth, traceless tong teeth, traceless tubing tong, buckle tools for small tubing, slip adapter, etc., which may realize zero damage to tubing during tripping-in process, greatly save the costs for future oil and gas well maintenance, and avoid working conditions such as tubing corrosion, damage and fracture, etc. After discussion with engineers and mechanician from Hydra Rig, Yilong has creatively invented the slip adapter, making the diameter scope of standalone snubbing unit extended to 1-1/4” – 4-1/2” (which covers most small tubing), and it also is equipped with special tongs and buckle tools for small tubing, which prevents the thread of small tubing from being damaged.

Currently, the Company owns two sets of HRS-225 snubbing rig manufactured by National Oilwell Hydra Rig Company in USA. The HRS-225K snubbing unit is a standalone work over rig that is easy to rig up and transport and capable for various snubbing operations. The basic parameters of HRS-225K snubbing unit are as follows:

The BOP stack is the core equipment for operation under pressure; currently, we have 14 BOPs in total, stripper BOPs, safety BOPs, shear / fully-sealed BOPs, slip BOPs and annular BOPs included, and can simultaneous operate on 2 wells; the BOPs now available are consisted of 10 Cameron type U single ram BOPs (7-1/16”, 105 Mpa), 2 shear ram BOPs and 2 annular BOPs (7-1/16”, 35 Mpa). Snubbing operation with dynamic sealing within 80 Mpa can be conducted.

Since 2012, our crew has successfully conducted about 110 wells in major oil fields; the service areas include the EOG Recourses, Fuling shale gas field, Puguang gasfield, etc.Type of service:Replacement work string under pressure, well completion under pressure (operation of chrome tubing), cooperation with coiled tubing operation,layered fracturing operation, perforation under pressure, well workover under pressure (including sand washing, well washing, fishing, milling, etc.).(December, 2014)

When moving tubing into and out of a pressurized well, slips are used to hold onto the pipe. The modern HCU systems have 4 sets of slips: two sets of snubbing slips control pipe during pipe light operations and two sets of heavy slips control pipe during pipe heavy operations. Once the slips bite the pipe, a hydraulic jack is used to move the pipe into or out of the well. The process is relatively fast and consists of one set of slips biting the pipe, the other set opening, the jack moving the pipe about 10 ft, then the other slips grab the pipe again. Snubbing units are able to move pipe into and out of the well without any pressurized fluid escaping. This process is called stripping, which is the act of moving pipe through a closed annular blow out preventer. (Note: when working with wellhead pressures in excess of 3,000 psi, can test the efficient operating limitations of most coiled tubing units.) When working with surface pressure greater than 3,000 psi, all pipe connections must be “staged” into or out of the well in a process called ram to ram staging. An equalizing valve and a bleed-off valve are used to safely move the tubing and couplings through the BOP. The final set of safety devices are the profile nipples installed periodically throughout the tubing string. In the event of a check valve or tubing failure, wireline plugs can be run to isolate the problem.

The first stick pipe snubbing system began drilling out frac plugs early in the Marcellus shale development. It can trip pipe using the snubbing unit during pipe light and transition periods but quicken its trip time using the workover rig and its blocks during the pipe heavy period. A disadvantage of this package is that it requires the integration of two services to perform one operation. It is vital that both services have exceptional communication during the job.

The HCU eliminates the need for the service rig and consists of a stand-alone unit that mounts on the wellhead after the stimulation treatment is complete. Primary components include the jack assembly, traveling/stationary slips, a redundant series of primary and secondary blowout preventers, a rotary table and makeup tongs, a tubing buckling prevention system, and equalizing loops for the snubbing rams. The HCU typically uses 2 7/8” tubing with PTECH or PH-6 premium connections to carry a downhole motor, dual back pressure values and a tri-cone drill bit. A distinct advantage to the stand along unit compared to the coiled tubing unit is the ability to operate on wells were the surface pressure is greater than 3,000 psi. The HCU’s slip interlock system solves this by removing the human error factor that previously allowed the operator to inadvertently open both sets of corresponding slips simultaneously. The interlock system does not allow the current slip to open without the other slip having a true bite on the pipe and when in use, the potential for dropped or launched pipe is significantly reduced. The interlock system also notifies the operator if there is a sheared slip with proximity sensors that detect any fault in the slips and provide safe working conditions. In high pressure situations above 3,000 psi, the operator will snub, or strip, ram to ram. Previously, operators had to make the dangerous assumption that a ram was truly closed and sealed around the pipe. With ram indicators in place, this is no longer an issue as the technology notifies the operator whether a ram is completely sealed or not. The WOB can be adjusted at any time during the operation by the unit operator to account for any change in hole conditions.

Traditionally coiled tubing units have been utilized for frac plug drill outs in horizontal wells in the Permian Basin. Due to increasing well complexity operators have begun using high technology hydraulic completion units, also known as a snubbing unit, to drill out frac plugs.

There have been many SPE papers that review tools and procedures for coiled tubing to become more consistent and effective at drilling out frac plugs and reach further into the lateral. The objective of these investigations was to determine a better way to remove frac plug cuttings and frac sand from the lateral, while reducing sweeps and short trips back to the curve. The authors sought but could not identify any previous publications on the use of snubbing systems to drill out frac plugs. Dissolvable plug technology has developed as a possible alternative to composite plugs in extended reach laterals, but industry experience has been inconsistent at best. In a comprehensive study of Permian and Eagle ford wells, drill-out times and costs were compared between composite and dissolvable plugs

In a few instances, the coiled tubing had to be cut and the well worked over to try and remove the stuck tubing. Fishing coiled tubing in the lateral is a difficult and costly task. Cutting the coiled tubing and rigging the unit down from location adds an additional five to seven days and is followed by a workover rig or HCU to fish the tubing. The fishing job described above requires several weeks of operations and it is known that costs can easily surpass $1MM.

The HCU presented a solution to the problems encountered with a CTU mainly due to the ability to rotate the workstring which resulted in more efficient hole cleaning. The added rotation aided in more efficient cuttings transport in the lateral which in turn resulted in a major reduction in chemical usage and cost. Use of POP friction reducer, which is pumped when torque and drag values begin to trend higher than modeled, decreased significantly after the implementation of the HCU. Although there were two to three CTUs running during the year as compared to one HCU, the ratio of events is ~4:1 and total number of hours is well over 10:1. The longest NPT events are when the CTU becomes stuck and cannot work the tubing free. The benefit of the HCU was the unit was able to fish and retrieve the workstring without moving off the well or calling out another unit. As the HCU was trialed in various fields and formations across the Permian Basin it became clear it excelled in particular fields, generally those with higher pressure. While the HCU has the ability to drill out successfully in each of the fields in the Permian, there are more complex fields, that are exclusive to the HCU application. Also, a large decrease in average days to drill out in Eddy County when comparing the HCU to the CTU.

As mentioned, another benefit of the HCU is the ability to drill out and install the downhole completion equipment without moving off the well or bringing in a workover unit. This eliminates the need to rig up a workover unit to run production tubing and artificial lift. The HCU has successfully run tubing, gas lift mandrels, and a control line through the unit.

Implementation of HCUs into the Permian Basin fleet in 2019 has resulted in significant improvements in drill out metrics in many applications. The addition of pipe rotation has decreased the need for chemicals by almost one third the volume which has greatly reduced costs. The ability to install production equipment directly after drilling out the frac plugs has decreased the time from drill out to initial production by 16%. The units have proven useful for a variety of work throughout the Permian Basin beyond drilling out frac plugs. Fields with longer laterals, high reservoir pressure, or downhole complexities are being drilled out successfully and efficiently. The HCUs have proven to be a viable and cost-effective option to drill out frac plugs in high pressure and extended reach lateral wells.

Krane, B., DeFriend, M., Garza, H., Frantz, J., Tourigny, M., Griffith, J. 2020. A Paradigm Shift in Drilling Frac Plugs in Extended Laterals - A Permian Basin Case History. Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Virtual, 26-29 October. SPE-201412-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/201412-MS.

3. Donaldson, A., and Al-Mayyan, H. 2019. Planning, Execution, Improvements, and Results from a Multi-Well Fishing Campaign using a Snubbing Unit on Pressurized H2S Wells for a NOC in the Middle East. Paper presented at the SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, TX, USA, 27-28 March. SPE-194234-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/194234-MS.

4. Donaldson, A., Marrero-Reyes, V., Scott, W., and Al-Mayyan, H. 2019. Rapid Deployment and Use of Snubbing Unit Brings Well with Underground Blowout and Surface Broaching Under Control. Paper presented at the SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, TX, USA, 27-28 March. SPE-194283-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/194283-MS.

5. Al-Mohailan, M., Nellayappan, K., Patil, D., Al-Qadhi, F., Sounderajjan, M., Kunchur, B., and Hussain, K. 2019. Critical Cementing Application on a Snubbing Unit to Isolate Well in Kuwait. Paper presented at the SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, TX, USA, 27-28 March. SPE-194273-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/194273-MS.

12. Barraza, J., Champeaux, C., Myatt, H., Lamon, K., Bowland, R., Bishop, T., and Garlow, R. 2018. Factory Model Approach for Successful Coil Tubing Unit Drillout Operations in Unconventional Horizontal Wells. Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, TX, USA, 24-26 September. SPE-191689-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/191689-MS.

The global hydraulic workover unit market size is predicted to grow at a 3.84% CAGR in the forecast period (2020- 2027), states the current Market Research Future (MRFR) report. A hydraulic workover unit is the perfect well intervention solution for re-entry operations, well interventions, and well maintenance. This unit uses hydraulic cylinders for lifting the tubular or out of the well. The hydraulic cylinders enable complete control over tubular movements and helps in eliminating the need for a huge mast construction that is present on conventional drilling rigs.

According to the MRFR report, there are numerous factors that are propelling the global hydraulic workover unit market share. Some of these entail technological advances in oil and gas well production, increasing offshore production post decline in oil prices, the burgeoning need for hydraulic workover units in the offshore oil and gas industry, the rising electricity demand, increasing focus on offshore exploration, the production of E&P of oil and gas, the rising efforts by upstream companies to improve the production from the mature fields, and the increasing oil and gas production. The additional factors adding to the global hydraulic workover unit market value includes the growing development of natural gas resources, the rising focus on mature oil and gas fields with the implementation of digital technologies which are the latest hydraulic workover unit market trends, rising energy demand in developing economies, increasing number of exploration activities, well drilling activities, and hydraulic fracturing, growing demand for snubbing services, and rising number of mature oil and gas fields.

On the contrary, stringent environmental regulations, lack of skilled workforce, problems related to the use of hydraulic workover unit like long rig-up time, and problems in transport for its heavy weight may impede the global hydraulic workover unit market revenue over the forecast period.

The oil and gas sector unfortunately has faced the brunt of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis which in turn has impacted the hydraulic workover unit market. Owing to the present scenario, several oil and gas companies across regions were compelled to shut down their services and producing assets as countries practiced complete or partial lockdown strategy for dealing with the pandemic. Across the region, companies has either delayed or suspended the key oil and gas projects. Besides, the crisis has also impacted the rig count for oil and gas, well drilling and production activities, and also crude oil prices. All these factors have negatively impacted the global hydraulic workover unit market growth.

The MRFR report highlights an inclusive analysis of the global hydraulic workover unit industry based on application, installation, service, and capacity.

By capacity, the global hydraulic workover unit market is segmented into above 150 tonnes, 50 to 150 tonnes, and up to 50 tonnes. Of these, the above 150 tonnes capacity segment will lead the market over the forecast period.

By service, the global hydraulic workover unit market is segmented into snubbing and workover. Of these, the workover service segment will dominate the market over the forecast period.

By installation, the global hydraulic workover unit market is segmented into trail mount and skid mount. Of these, the trail mount installation segment will spearhead the market over the forecast period.

By application, the global hydraulic worker unit market is segmented into offshore and onshore. Of these, the onshore application segment will have the lions share in the market over the forecast period.

Geographically, the global hydraulic workover unit market is bifurcated into Europe, North America, South America, the Asia Pacific, & the Middle East and Africa (MEA). Of these, North America will have the lions share in the market over the forecast period. Per capita consumption, production, and exploration of oil and gas, advances in upstream operations, high production of crude oil produced from tight oil resources in the US, the rise in the production and extraction of oil and gas increases the need for hydraulic workover units to perform routine well maintenance for offshore installations, inland waters, and land, increase in the need for cost-efficient method to repair leading to the installation of hydraulic workover units, the growth in unconventional resources in Canada and the US, and the demand for intervention operations in the maturing offshore fields in the Gulf of Mexico and other onshore fields in the US are adding to the global hydraulic workover unit market growth in the region.

In Europe, the global hydraulic workover unit market is predicted to hold the second-largest share over the forecast period for technological advances and increasing exploration and production of oil and gas.

In the APAC region, the global hydraulic workover unit market is predicted to have admirable growth over the forecast period. Rise in demand for energy in emerging economies of India and China are adding to the global hydraulic workover unit market growth in the region.

In the MEA and South America, the global hydraulic workover unit market is predicted to have sound growth over the forecast period. The presence of large untapped energy reserves is adding to the global hydraulic workover unit market growth in the region.

The prominent players profiled in the global hydraulic workover unit market report include ZYT Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd (China), Uzma Berhad (Malaysia), PT Elnusa Tbk (Indonesia), Canadian Energy Equipment Manufacturing FZE (UAE), Velesto Energy (Malaysia), Superior Energy Services (US), Basic Energy Services (US), High Arctic Energy Services Inc. (Canada), Precision Drilling Corporation (Canada), Cudd Energy Services (US), Archer (Norway), National Oilwell Varco (US), and Halliburton (US), among others.

The global hydraulic workover unit market is fragmented and also competitive with the presence of many domestic as well as international industry players. They have incorporated assorted strategies to stay at the forefront and also cater to the surging needs of the customers, including collaborations, partnerships, contracts, geographic expansions, new product launches, joint ventures, and more. Additionally, these players are also making heavy investments in research and development activities for strengthening their portfolios and also creating a hold in the market.

Product Description The live well workover rig which is developed independently by TS is a combination of workover rig and BOP snubbing unit device. It save the high cost of moving equipment. Outstanding feature: Reduce fuel consumption, save energy ,highly cost effective. The lifting structure of driller’s room is...

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SINOTAI API XJ250 Truck-mounted Workover rig / Pulling unit 40T Product Description XJ250 (40t)workover& drilling rig is dedicated equipments for oilfield. The rig adopts 8x8, 8x6 or 6x6 driven type chassis, Caterpillar engine and Allission transmission (can use China brand also), and double drum draw-works. The...

SINOTAI 40Ton Split Type Snubbing unit Product Description The split type snubbing unit made by TS-sinotai is to transport workover rig and BOP snubbing unit in separate ,easily to move. Outstanding feature: Reduce fuel consumption, save energy Using the second class chassis, small overall size, small turning radius,...

SINOTAI 60t Flushby Unit / Rapid service unit Product Description The flushby rig is a multifunctional equipment mainly used for well flushing and sand washing in thick oil well, and performing quick workover service of shallow/thick oil well. It is the next generation of service machine that outperforms service unit,...

Well Flushing and Wax Cleaning Unit (truck)The Well Flushing and Wax Cleaning Unit (truck) is a revolutionary design to combine well flushing and well wax removal into one system. The truck can perform well flushing, sand washing and dewaxing under a broad range from room temperature to that of the water steam. The...

SINOTAI API Flushby unit / Rapid service rig unit Product Description Flushby Rig The flushby rig is a multifunctional equipment mainly used for well flushing and sand washing in thick oil well, and performing quick workover service of shallow/thick oil well. It is the next generation of service machine that...

SINOTAI 40T NO- GUYLINE RAPID SERVICE UNIT Product Description SINOTAI 40T NO- GUYLINE RAPID SERVICE UNIT is an innovative revolution for traditional workover rig, it is no longer subject to the geographical location and surface conditions of oil field, eliminating the installation and pulling out of the fixed anchor...

SINOTAI 45T Flushby Unit / Rapid Service Rig The flushby unit is a multifunctional equipment mainly used for well flushing and sand washing in thick oil well, and performing quick workover service of shallow/thick oil well. It is the next generation of service machine that outperforms service unit, pump truck and...

Flushby Unit (Rapid Service Unit) The flushby unit is a multifunctional equipment mainly used for well flushing and sand washing in thick oil well, and performing quick workover service of shallow/thick oil well. It is the next generation of service machine that outperforms service unit, pump truck and crane truck...

Product Description Swabbing & Service Rig is the up to date multifunctional oil field equipment that integrates the functions of well servicing rig, swabbing unit and derrick transportation truck. This is another innovation of TS-Sinotai’s multi-function oil field machineries that can handle different operations...

Product Description The live well workover rig which is developed independently by TS is a combination of workover rig and BOP snubbing unit device. It save the high cost of moving equipment. Outstanding feature: Reduce fuel consumption, save energy ,highly cost effective. The lifting structure of driller’s room is...

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Snubbing is a type of heavy well intervention performed on oil and gas wells. It involves running the BHA on a pipe string using a hydraulic workover rig. Unlike wireline or coiled tubing, the pipe is not spooled off a drum but made up and broken up while running in and pulling out, much like conventional drill pipe. Due to the large rigup, it is only used for the most demanding of operations when lighter intervention techniques do not offer the strength and durability.drilling and completions operations, snubbing can be performed with the well still under pressure (not killed). When done so, it is called hydraulic workover. It can also be performed without having to remove the Christmas tree from the wellhead.

A snubbing rigup is a very tall structure. It consists of a hydraulically powered snubbing unit, which provides the force on a pipe, above a string of multi-layered pressure control components.

At the top of the snubbing unit is the basket, which serves as the control post for the rigup. Below the basket are the hydraulic jacks, which power the pipe into and out of the hole. It consists of two mechanisms for applying force to the pipe in either direction. Each mechanism consists of travelling and stationary slips. The travelling slips are used to move the pipe, while the stationary slips are used to hold the pipe while the travelling slips are repositioned between strokes.

Unlike coiled tubing or wireline, where the wire or tubing is always the same diameter allowing for a single unmoving primary barrier (stuffing box or stripper), snubbing uses a pipe, which will have an enlarged collar at the connection between the joints. Therefore, the pressure control system must be able to accommodate this variable diameter. The stripping rams accomplish this. The first stage of lowering a collar through the stripping system is to close the lower rams so as to seal off the mechanism above from wellbore pressure. The space between the rams can then be bled off allowing the upper rams to be opened. The collar can then pass through the opened upper rams. Once the collar is in between the rams, the upper rams are closed and pressure is equalised either side of the lower rams. The lower rams are then safely opened and the collar is lowered through the rams.

Because snubbing is normally done under pressure, initially, the weight of pipe in wellbore is less than the force due to the wellbore pressure. This is described as light-pipe: downward force is required on the pipe to force it in against resistance. Once a sufficient amount of pipe has been run into the hole, the weight becomes sufficient to overpower the wellbore pressure and the pipe naturally wants to fall in the hole; this is heavy-pipe. At this point, the snubbing mechanism is changed over to the one which provides upward force to hold the pipe and lower it controllably into the well.

The more complex method of pressure control, as compared to coiled tubing and wireline, naturally invites more opportunity for things to go wrong. One such peril was seen in June 2007 on the Shearwater platform. Snubbing was being used to clean out large pebble, which had entered the well through a collapsed liner. While pulling out of hole, one stripping ram was not opened sufficiently and a collar on the pipe string caught on the ram. The excessive force applied to the pipe caused it to break apart, dropping the string below the failure into the well. In the time it took to prepare to fish out the pipe, the pebbles in the process of being circulated out, settled on the pipe, preventing successful fishing.

Not all Snubbing units are large and time consuming to rig up. In the Canadian oilfield many companies use small "Stand Alone" snubbing units which can be broken down and rigged up in less than 3hrs. These Units consist of 4 segments which can be placed onto 4 separate trucks. These 4 segments consist of the following:

Units varies in strength, there are 95K, 120K, 150K, 170K, 225K, 340K, 460K, 600K The number indicates their working strength in pulling force, and 150K means the unit is capable of pulling maximal 150000 pounds. This is based on the hydraulic force acting on the size of the unit"s piston size. Also are there more complex special built unit to find as the CSU 160 a special build rig assist unit, and stand alone units like

Public Sector Unit Oil India Limited (OIL) has initiated the process of setting up a snubbing unit to “kill the well” at Baghjan oilfield in Assam’s Tinsukia district.

The development came a day after 60 tonnes of snubbing unit, flown in from Canada’s Calgary by the world’s largest cargo aircraft – Antonov An-24, reached the blowout well site late on Wednesday, and 54 days after OIL succeeded in the diversion of gas on September 13 after a failed attempt earlier. The equipment travelled via road from Kolkata, where the flight landed almost two weeks ago.ADVERTISEMENTCONTINUE READING BELOW

Talking to this correspondent, OIL spokesperson Tridiv Hazarika said with all equipment and accessories related to snubbing operation in place at the site, arrangement for placing the snubbing unit is in progress. “It is expected that after completion of all necessary pre-operation activities, the well killing operation by the snubbing unit will commence within the next couple of days.”

The Canadian company Alert Damage Control has tied up with Alberta-based Piston Well Services which has moved in its snubbing unit along with four crew members with four other experts from Alert are already camping at Duliajan. The complex operation will include eight foreign experts besides the OIL and ONGC crisis management team.

Snubbing operation is a type of heavy-well intervention performed on oil and gas wells. It involves running the BHA on a pipe string using a hydraulic workover rig. Unlike wireline or coiled tubing, the pipe is not spooled off a drum but made up and broken up while running in and pulling out, much like a conventional drill pipe.

Due to the large rigup, it is only used for the most demanding of operations when lighter intervention techniques do not offer strength and durability. The first snubbing unit was primarily designed to work in well control situations to “snub” drill pipe and or casing into, or out of, a wellbore when conventional well-killing methods could not be used. Unlike conventional drilling and completions operations, snubbing can be performed with the well still under pressure (not killed). When done so, it is called a hydraulic workover. It can also be performed without having to remove the Christmas tree from the wellhead.ADVERTISEMENTCONTINUE READING BELOW

The “blowout” occurred at the gas well number 5 at Baghjan oilfield, in the proximity of Maguri-Motapung Beel and Dibru Saikhowa National Park, while workover operations underway produced gas from new sand (oil and gas-bearing reservoir) at a depth of 3,729 metres. This caused natural gas and condensate oil gush to hundreds of feet in the air and spill all around.