workover rig vs drilling rig free sample

Download Workover & Drilling Rig Inspection Checklist As we mentioned in the Rig Audit Article, rig inspection is an important process that shall be done from time to time. Especially, after the rig moving to a new drilling location.

There are many types of offshore platforms used for oil and gas drilling and exploration. Some of these are fixed to the ocean floor and others are floating platforms or vessels. Each is designed for different water depths and purposes. Some floating production systems may include storage or refinery facilities and employ hundreds of maritime workers.

Barge rigs work in shallower waters, usually less than 20 feet deep. After being floated to the drilling location, the hull is brought to rest on the ocean floor, creating a stable platform for drilling. Many barge rigs operate in the Gulf of Mexico and around the world.

Columns or posts are submerged into the water and filled to specific levels that determine their depth. Drilling equipment on the platform above drives a floating drill unit below.

As we move into deeper waters, a mobile platform called the “jack-up” rig comes into play. It gets this name because it can be moved directly over the location to drill or pump oil. The rig can be self-elevated (jacked up) from the bottom of the ocean floor to secure it in place. Jack-up rigs are well suited for shallow waters of 400 feet or less.

For deeper waters up to 12,000 feet, the preferred method of exploration and drilling is to use semisubmersibles or drill ships. Semisubmersible work-decks float on top of the water, while the vast majority of their mass is contained below the water to help stabilize the platforms and keep them in place. As a result, the deck is rather stable and well-suited for drilling in rough waters 3000-10,000 feet deep. However, semisubmersibles are not easily moved.

Spar Platforms, which sit on a hollow cylinder that hangs below the water at a depth of approximately 700 feet. This stabilizes the platform, allowing drilling up to 10,000 feet.

For new exploration and the drilling and capping of new wells, drill ships are typically used. Drill ships have the drilling equipment installed directly on the deck, typically in the middle of the deck. The well is drilled through the “moon pool,” an opening in the center of the ship. They are kept in place by dynamic positioning.

Working on any vessel or platform rig carries with it certain risks. Owners and operators of rigs need to take steps to help protect their workers and provide safe working environments. In the event they are negligent and workers are injured, they can be held accountable under maritime law.

If you are an oil rig worker, seaman, or vessel worker and have been injured while in the service of a vessel or ship, you could be entitled to monetary compensation. To find out more about your legal rights and if you have grounds for a personal injury lawsuit or “maintenance and cure,” contact the Jones Act attorneys at Schechter, Shaffer & Harris, L.L.P.

This article is about the onshore oil rig. For offshore oil rig, see Oil platform. For drilling tunnels, see Tunnel boring machine. For handheld drilling tool, see Drill.

A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, such as oil or water wells, in the earth"s subsurface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are called augers. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called "offshore oil rigs" even if they don"t contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth"s crust.

Small to medium-sized drilling rigs are mobile, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, blast-hole, water wells and environmental investigations. Larger rigs are capable of drilling through thousands of metres of the Earth"s crust, using large "mud pumps" to circulate drilling mud (slurry) through the drill bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or natural gas; and in remote locations there can be permanent living accommodation and catering for crews (which may be more than a hundred). Marine rigs may operate thousands of miles distant from the supply base with infrequent crew rotation or cycle.

Antique drilling rig now on display at Western History Museum in Lingle, Wyoming. It was used to drill many water wells in that area—many of those wells are still in use.

Until internal combustion engines were developed in the late 19th century, the main method for drilling rock was muscle power of man or animal. The technique of oil drilling through percussion or rotary drilling has its origins dating back to the ancient Chinese Han Dynasty in 100 BC, where percussion drilling was used to extract natural gas in the Sichuan province.Edwin Drake to drill Pennsylvania"s first oil well in 1859 using small steam engines to power the drilling process rather than by human muscle.Cable tool drilling was developed in ancient China and was used for drilling brine wells. The salt domes also held natural gas, which some wells produced and which was used for evaporation of the brine.

In the 1970s, outside of the oil and gas industry, roller bits using mud circulation were replaced by the first pneumatic reciprocating piston Reverse Circulation (RC) drills, and became essentially obsolete for most shallow drilling, and are now only used in certain situations where rocks preclude other methods. RC drilling proved much faster and more efficient, and continues to improve with better metallurgy, deriving harder, more durable bits, and compressors delivering higher air pressures at higher volumes, enabling deeper and faster penetration. Diamond drilling has remained essentially unchanged since its inception.

Oil and natural gas drilling rigs are used not only to identify geologic reservoirs, but also used to create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural gas from those reservoirs. Primarily in onshore oil and gas fields once a well has been drilled, the drilling rig will be moved off of the well and a service rig (a smaller rig) that is purpose-built for completions will be moved on to the well to get the well on line.

Mining drilling rigs are used for two main purposes, exploration drilling which aims to identify the location and quality of a mineral, and production drilling, used in the production-cycle for mining. Drilling rigs used for rock blasting for surface mines vary in size dependent on the size of the hole desired, and is typically classified into smaller pre-split and larger production holes. Underground mining (hard rock) uses a variety of drill rigs dependent on the desired purpose, such as production, bolting, cabling, and tunnelling.

In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well. Some light duty drilling rigs are like a mobile crane and are more usually used to drill water wells. Larger land rigs must be broken apart into sections and loads to move to a new place, a process which can often take weeks.

Small mobile drilling rigs are also used to drill or bore piles. Rigs can range from 100 short tons (91,000 kg) continuous flight auger (CFA) rigs to small air powered rigs used to drill holes in quarries, etc. These rigs use the same technology and equipment as the oil drilling rigs, just on a smaller scale.

The drilling mechanisms outlined below differ mechanically in terms of the machinery used, but also in terms of the method by which drill cuttings are removed from the cutting face of the drill and returned to surface.

An automated drill rig (ADR) is an automated full-sized walking land-based drill rig that drills long lateral sections in horizontal wells for the oil and gas industry.Athabasca oil sands. According to the "Oil Patch Daily News", "Each rig will generate 50,000 man-hours of work during the construction phase and upon completion, each operating rig will directly and indirectly employ more than 100 workers." Compared to conventional drilling rigs", Ensign, an international oilfield services contractor based in Calgary, Alberta, that makes ADRs claims that they are "safer to operate, have "enhanced controls intelligence," "reduced environmental footprint, quick mobility and advanced communications between field and office."steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) applications was mobilized by Deer Creek Energy Limited, a Calgary-based oilsands company.

Baars, D.L.; Watney, W.L.; Steeples, D.W.; Brostuen, E.A (1989). Petroleum; a primer for Kansas (Educational Series, no. 7 ed.). Kansas Geological Survey. p. 40. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2011. After the cementing of the casing has been completed, the drilling rig, equipment, and materials are removed from the drill site. A smaller rig, known as a workover rig or completion rig, is moved over the well bore. The smaller rig is used for the remaining completion operations.

"Ensign Launches Newest And Most Powerful Automated ADR 1500S Pad Drill Rigs In Montney Play", New Tech Magazine, Calgary, Alberta, 21 November 2014, archived from the original on 10 December 2014, retrieved 6 December 2014

Are you looking for a more convenient way to conduct inspections of drill rigs and drilling equipment? This easy to use app for drilling rigs and drilling rig components makes it easy to complete inspections from anywhere. Simply open a new inspection checklist form using your smartphone or tablet, and you"ll be prompted to inspect the drilling equipment and drill rigs before they are used in the field.

The checklist covers the important safety considerations for land drilling rigs, including checking the drill bit, drill rod, drilling fluid and drill collars for wear and tear and inspecting the drill pipe for erosion. With the app, any drilling company or individual who offers drilling services can quickly and easily perform inspections and save them electronically for their records.

F. BACKGROUND. There have been several fatalitites as a result of derrick collapses caused by the failure of temporary anchors in the oilwell drilling and servicing industry. Since OSHA has no applicable standards, in many of these incidences, our field office have attempted to cite under the General Duty clause, section 5(a)(1) of the OSHact. This action, however, may not be adequate in addressing the problem. Therefore, to assist OSHA compliance officers, State compliance and consultation personnel, employers, and employees, in the recognition of the hazard of derrick collapse due to the failure of temporary stability systems, OSHA contracted Sigma Associates, Ltd. to develop guidelines detailing the type of temporary stability systems, type of soils and its holding capacity, methods of installing guywire anchors, integrity determination of the system, actual pull testing, and acceptable parameters in liew of actual pull testing (Appendix A).

SCOPE: To provide a representative basis for determining the availability, capability, dependability, reliability of Stability Systems on Land Based Work-Over Rigs and the recommended practices and procedures for their safe use.

The diagram illustrated in Figure 2-2 is typical of the recommendations set forth by the American Petroleum Institute, The International Association of Drilling Contractors and The Association of Oilwell Servicing Contractors. It should be noted that API (The American Petroleum Institute) is in the process of re-assessing some of these criteria. This information will be addressed later in this document.

The rig location area may grade away from the well bore along centerline II at a maximum drop of 1:20. The cross grades, parallel to centerline I, should be level. The area shall provide a minimum bearing capacity of 6000 psf.

Advantages to this type of anchor include: no pre-drilling of holes which saves labor; no disturbed soil which increases holding power and if the device used to set the anchor is instrumented each anchor is load tested as it is set. Foresight Products, Inc indicates that the anchors in their Manta Ray Line have holding capacities up to 20,000 pounds in normal soils.

Using the chart: An anchor in Zone "A" located a horizontal distance of 70 feet from the "Well Head" would require an anchor of what minimum holding capacity? On the chart move along the horizontal legend from left to right until you reach 70 feet. At this juncture proceed vertical until you intersect the curved line for Zone "A", now follow the intersecting horizontal line, left toward the vertical legend. We have now determined that the minimum holding capacity for the anchor, at this precise location, is 20,000 pounds.

Standing at the "Well Head", with the well bore immediately to your back, proceed North (in direction monkey board is facing) 24 paces. (The pace length is not as important as the numerical relationship of the units and the consistency of the unit length. The method will work with any unit of length as long as the same unit is used throughout.) Place a stake or other marker at this location (Bench Reference). Turn West 90 degrees and proceed forward 10 paces. At this location turn your body so that the front portion of your anatomy is approximately parallel to the radial of the guy anchor. If the northwest guy anchor is forward of your right shoulder and the southeast guy anchor is aft to the rear of your left shoulder, it can then be presumed that the radial angles are within acceptable parameters. Repeat the procedure from the bench reference, this time to the east, proceed ten paces. In this orientation the northeast anchor should be forward of the left shoulder and the southwest anchor should be aft of the right shoulder.

The first draft of the new API (American Petroleum Institute), RP (Recommended Practice), "Recommended Practice for Maintenance and Use of Drilling and Well Servicing Structures" includes the simplified chart, Figure 4-3. Please note that:

The American Petroleum Institute in its specification 4E, "Drilling and Well Servicing Structures," provides the following caveat on cold weather operations:

A survey of 13 drilling contractors operation 193 drilling rigs in northern Canada and Alaska indicated that there is a wide range of experience and operating practices under extremely low temperature conditions. While there is very little precise information available, there have been a sizeable number of failures in portable masts while in the lowering or raising process in winter. Thus the exposure to low temperature failures focuses on mast lowering and raising operations. Based on reports, however, this operation has been accomplished successfully in temperatures as low as -50 degrees F. While the risk may be considerably greater because of the change in physical characteristics of steel at low temperatures, operators may carry on "normal" operations even at extremely low temperatures. This may be accomplished by a program of closely controlled inspection procedures and careful handling and operation. This should reduce damage and impact loading during raising and lowering operations. At the present, there seems to be no widely accepted or soundly supported basis for establishing a critical temperature for limiting the use of these oilfield structures. Experience in the operation of trucks and other heavy equipment exposed to impact forces indicates that -40 degrees F may be the threshold of the temperature range at which the risk of structural failure may increase rapidly. Precautionary measures should be more rigidly practiced at this point. The following recommended practices are included for reference:

As was referenced earlier in this document, API, in its pending RP for drilling and servicing structures discusses line tensioning as a function of distance. The sag that is permissible, also used to determine adequate tension, will vary with the distance the

If maintained to these tolerances the sags will indicate a pretension of 1000 pounds for crown to ground guywires and 500 pounds for tubing board guywires. this is based on the use of 5/8 inch, 6x19, or 6x37 class, regular lay, ips, IWRC wire rope, installed according to the rigging guidelines set forth in chart depicted in Figure 5-5

The drawing on the following page, Figure 5-4, (SAME AS FIGURE 4-4) is another illustration of the continuing evolution of Rig Stability System engineering and design. It represents the latest API thinking relative to planing and preparing a Rig Stability System.

CAUTION: SOLE EMPHASIS SHOULD NOT BE PLACED ON PULL TESTING OR ALTERNATIVES TO PULL TESTING AS THIS MEASURES ONLY ONE COMPONENT OF THE RIG STABILITY SYSTEM.

The rig contractor should be responsible for the following: a. Insuring that anchor capacities are verified and that anchor spacing and capacity is suitable for the mast guying pattern and anticipated loading.

b. Records of pull testing or records of other methods used to verify temporary anchor capacity should be retained by the rig contractor until the job is complete and the guy wires have been removed from the anchors. The records should indicate the capacity of each anchor, the date of verification, name and phone number of the party responsible for verification, and the soil condition at the time of verification.

OUT OF AN ABUNDANCE OF CAUTION IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO POINT OUT THAT THE PREVENTION OF RIG UPSET IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT ON THE TOTAL INTEGRITY OF THE RIG STABILIZATION SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM INCLUDES ALL OF ITS COMPONENTS AND IS ONLY AS SOUND AS ITS WEAKEST MEMBER.

Our research has concluded, that the latest State-of-the-Art in RIG STABILIZATION is to be found in the pending American Petroleum Institute, Recommended Practice for MAINTENANCE and USE of DRILLING and WELL SERVICING STRUCTURES.

American Petroleum Institute (API). RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MAINTENANCE AND USE OF DRILLING AND WELL SERVICING STRUCTURES. (Pending Recommended Practice[RP]) API: Washington, D.C.

n: a record made each day of the operations on a working drilling rig and, traditionally, phoned, faxed, emailed, or radioed in to the office of the drilling company and possibly the operator every morning.

(pronounced "tower") n: in areas where three eight-hour tours are worked, the shift of duty on a drilling rig that starts at or about daylight. Compare evening tour, morning (graveyard) tour.

(pronounced "tower") n: in areas where two 12-hour tours are worked, a period of 12 hours, usually during daylight, worked by a drilling or workover crew when equipment is being run around the clock.

n: the mass or weight of a substance per unit volume. For instance, the density of a drilling mud may be 10 pounds per gallon, 74.8 pounds/cubic foot, or 1,198.2 kilograms/cubic meter. Specific gravity, relative density, and API gravity are other units of density.

n: a large load-bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. In drilling, the standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the substructure and reaching to the crown block. The substructure is an assembly of heavy beams used to elevate the derrick and provide space to install blowout preventers, casingheads, and so forth.

n: the crew member who handles the upper end of the drill string as it is being hoisted out of or lowered into the hole. On a drilling rig, he or she may be responsible for the circulating machinery and the conditioning of the drilling or workover fluid.

n: a high-compression, internal-combustion engine used extensively for powering drilling rigs. In a diesel engine, air is drawn into the cylinders and compressed to very high pressures; ignition occurs as fuel is injected into the compressed and heated air. Combustion takes place within the cylinder above the piston, and expansion of the combustion products imparts power to the piston.

n: 1. intentional deviation of a wellbore from the vertical. Although wellbores are normally drilled vertically, it is sometimes necessary or advantageous to drill at an angle from the vertical. Controlled directional drilling makes it possible to reach subsurface areas laterally remote from the point where the bit enters the earth.

n: in well cementing, the fluid, usually drilling mud or salt water, that is pumped into the well after the cement is pumped into it to force the cement out of the casing and into the annulus.

n: a drilling tool made up in the drill string directly above the bit. It causes the bit to turn while the drill string remains fixed. It is used most often as a deflection tool in directional drilling, where it is made up between the bit and a bent sub (or, sometimes, the housing of the motor itself is bent). Two principal types of downhole motor are the positive-displacement motor and the downhole turbine motor.

n: the employee normally in charge of a specific (tour) drilling or workover crew. The driller’s main duty is operation of the drilling and hoisting equipment, but this person may also be responsible for downhole condition of the well, operation of downhole tools, and pipe measurements.

n: an agreement made between a drilling company and an operating company to drill a well. It generally sets forth the obligation of each party, compensation, identification, method of drilling, depth to be drilled, and so on.

n: an internal-combustion engine used to power a drilling rig. These engines are used on a rotary rig and are usually fueled by diesel fuel, although liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, and, very rarely, gasoline can also be used.

n: all members in the assembly used for rotary drilling from the swivel to the bit, including the kelly, the drill pipe and tool joints, the drill collars, the stabilizers, and various specialty items. Compare drill string.

n: a method of formation testing. The basic drill stem test tool consists of a packer or packers, valves or ports that may be opened and closed from the surface, and two or more pressure-recording devices. The tool is lowered on the drill string to the zone to be tested. The packer or packers are set to isolate the zone from the drilling fluid column.

n: a type of portable service or workover rig that is self-propelled, using power from the hoisting engines. The driver"s cab and steering wheel are mounted on the same end as the mast support; thus the unit can be driven straight ahead to reach the wellhead.

Rig means the vessel described in Recital (A) hereto and includes any share or interest therein and her engines, machinery, boats, tackle, outfit, spare gear, fuel, consumable or other stores, belongings and appurtenances whether on board or ashore and whether now owned or hereafter acquired (but excluding therefrom any leased equipment owned by third parties);

The American Petroleum Institute has released the fourth edition of Recommended Practice 54 (RP 54), Occupational Safety and Health for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing Operations, which provides procedures for promoting and maintaining safe and healthy working conditions for personnel in drilling and well servicing operations.

The document applies to rotary drilling rigs, well servicing rigs, and special services as they relate to operations on location. First published in 1981, significant revisions in this edition of Recommended Practice 54 include a new section on flowback operations which is key for safe well testing, revised requirements for facility and site process hazard assessment and mitigation, and introduction of formal risk assessments as well as expanded provisions for offshore operations.

The following is a list of seasonal work gear worn by drilling rig workers. Savanna supplies rig employees with coveralls, hard hat, safety glasses & impact gloves (1 pair).

Drilling rig crews are generally made up of six (6) people: Rig Manager, Driller, Derrickhand, Motorhand, Floorhand, and Leasehand. Each crew works 12 hours shifts as the rig operates 24 hours per day, and each position is vital to the operation of the rig.

Work in the oil and gas services industry is seasonal. Because of the weight of rigs and their equipment, and the remote location of wells, these locations are often only accessible when the ground conditions can tolerate heavy loads. Therefore, wells are typically drilled and serviced in the winter when the ground is frozen solid, or in the summer, when the ground has thawed and dried sufficiently. During the spring and fall, when the ground is in a transitional state, it is too soft to move equipment on and easily damaged. For this reason, provincial governments implement “road bans” prohibiting heavy loads from operating in certain areas. During this time, rig work is slower, and many rigs are shut down and their crews sent home. Be prepared to be off for anywhere from 6 to 12 weeks without pay during this time. However, rigs that are shut down are usually in need of maintenance, and there may be opportunities for employees who would like to help in this regard. Employees may be eligible for Employment Insurance benefits during seasonal shutdowns.

To work on a drilling rig, you must be able to get to and from all of your work locations.  As drilling often occurs in remote areas, having reliable transportation is considered mandatory for non-camp locations. Drilling rigs commonly operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week with either three crews working 8 hour shifts or two crews working 12-hour shifts. Most often day crews and night crews will alternate weekly, so each crew has a chance to work during both the day and night. Most crews will work 14 days straight with 7 days off in-between. The typical living situation while working falls into three categories: Non-Camp, Full Camp and Texas Camp.

Non-Camp: When the rig site is near a town, non-camp conditions normally apply. Crews will stay in hotel rooms and receive a per day living allowance for food and accommodation. The living allowance is paid out on your pay cheque based on days worked, therefore you will need to be able to pay for your food and accommodation out of your own pocket.

Full-Camp: When a rig site is in a remote location, crews may stay in a full camp. In a full-camp all food and full accommodation is provided. Once at the camp, the crew travels to and from the rig in the crew truck. Almost all camp work is available in the winter only.

Texas Camp: These camps are typically located nearby the rig location.  Crews are responsible for supplying their own bedding, cooking supplies, groceries and toiletries.  While staying at a texas camp, a daily allowance is provided for food and toiletries.  The living allowance is paid out on your pay cheque based on days worked, therefore you will need to be able to pay for your food and toiletries out of your own pocket.

Once you have completed your orientation, you will immediately receive any other necessary training. This involves Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) and Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG), along with an in-depth General Safety Orientation. This training is mandatory and provided by Savanna at no cost to the employee. Job-related, hands on training is conducted in the field through Savanna’s Rig Mentoring Program.

While it is not mandatory to have this certification, each service rig crew is required to have two members who are certified in Standard First Aid with CPR level C. Therefore, obtaining a certification beforehand is a great way to improve your chances of being hired.

Canadian drilling rigs meet some of the highest regulatory and safety standards in the world. It"s a dynamic and exciting community to build a career in.

Canada’s drilling fleet is always changing to incorporate new technology and meet market demand. Most noticeably, the Canadian drilling fleet is growing in numbers. The fleet has 40% more rigs than it did 15 years ago. Today, the rig fleet offers just over 600 rigs.

For the most part, a rig is a rig is a rig. For example, all rigs have a derrick (the mast-like structure that holds the pipe to be lowered into the well bore) a catwalk that holds the drill pipe, a rig floor where floorhands handle the drill pipe, a drawworks which is the machinery that hoists and lowers pipe and a blowout preventor that enables a driller to control well pressure.

But different size rigs are used depending on the drilling target formation. Oil formations tend to be deeper than gas formations. When investors are most interested in producing oil, large rigs are in high demand. When the market prefers gas production, small rigs are in demand. Western Canada has plenty of both gas and oil, and activity cycles back and forth between preferences of one over the other.

Drilling rigs come in three sizes: singles, doubles and triples. These categories refer to how many lengths of pipe can stand in the rig’s derrick. On a single, the derrick holds one length of pipe. A double holds two, and a triple holds three.

A tall derrick isn’t necessary to drill deeper. If more pipe is needed to drill deeper, a single section of pipe is hoisted to the rig floor and added to the drill string. But sometimes the entire drill string needs to be pulled out of the hole (to change the drill bit, for instance). A derrick that holds multiple lengths of pipe comes in handy and helps the crew to complete this evolution quickly.

The larger derrick is efficient to drill deep wells but isn’t necessary for shallow wells. Single rigs drill wells that are around 1 to 2 kilometres deep. These wells usually access gas basins. Single rigs and their crews change drilling locations often, sometimes every day or every other day.

Doubles and triples are larger rigs with bigger substructures and taller derricks. These rigs drill between 3 and 6 kilometres into the earth and might be at the same location for several months to complete deep drilling operations.

Singles, doubles and triples refer to conventional rig categories. Additional new categories of rigs have introduced different ways of handling pipe. For instance, some companies run coil-tubing rigs that stream tubing from a large reel instead of using drill pipe, or automated drilling rigs that are outfitted with a pipe-handling arm that raises the pipe into the derrick, eliminating the need for a derrickhand to work from the monkeyboard.

Through the 1990s, rig activity focused evenly on the two commodities. Then in 1998, there was a shift: gas wells began to make up the bulk of drilling activity. Through the early 2000s, rig activity increased year over year, but gas wells—which are shallower and can be drilled faster—far outstripped the increase in oil wells. Between 2001 and 2006, oil wells made up about 25% of rig activity, and gas wells 75%.

The drilling industry reacted to this demand by expanding the fleet. In 2007, the rig fleet grew faster than it ever it had before: 49 rigs were added. Most of these new rigs were the smaller ones best suited for gas drilling. Then in 2008, natural gas was on the market in abundance, and the stock market price of natural gas started to fall. Investors pulled back on gas drilling. In 2010, industry was back to an even split between gas wells and oil wells.

And then the turn-around happened: oil drilling overtook gas drilling in western Canada. In 2011, 61% of the wells drilled were seeking an oil formation, versus the 39% seeking gas. Today’s market continues to favour large rigs that can reach deep oil formations. There also is increased interest in accessing these formations at an angle: rig crews drill a well bore that curves toward a drilling target. Drilling rig contractors have been adding equipment in 2013. Unlike 2007"s fleet expansion, these rigs will be the larger, heavier rigs, primed for oil drilling.

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