pedal powered hydraulic pump made in china

Explore a wide variety of pedal pumping on Alibaba.com and enjoy exquisite deals. The machines help maintain drilling mud circulation throughout the project. There are many models and brands available, each with outstanding value. These pedal pumping are efficient, durable, and completely waterproof. They are designed to lift water and mud with efficiency without using much energy or taking a lot of space.

The primary advantage of these pedal pumping is that they can raise water from greater depths. With the fast-changing technology, purchase machines that come with the best technology for optimum results. They should be well adapted to the overall configuration of the installation to perform various operations. Hence, quality products are needed for more efficiency and enjoyment of the machines" full life expectancy.

Alibaba.com offers a wide selection of products with innovative features. The products are designed for a wide range of flow rates that differ by brand. They provide cost-effective options catering to different consumer needs. When choosing the right pedal pumping for the drilling project, consider factors such as size, shape, and machine cost. More powerful tools are needed when dealing with large projects such as agriculture or irrigation.

Alibaba.com provides a wide range of pedal pumping to suit different tastes and budgets. The site has a large assortment of products from major suppliers on the market. The products are made of durable materials to avoid corrosion and premature wear during operations. The range of products and brands on the site assures quality and good value for money.

3427 hydraulic hand pump made in china products are offered for sale by suppliers on Alibaba.comAbout 1% % of these are pumps, 1%% are hydraulic pumps, and 1%% are hydraulics pumps.

A wide variety of hydraulic hand pump made in china options are available to you, such as new, used.You can also choose from piston pump, gear pump and vane pump hydraulic hand pump made in china,as well as from 1 year, 6 months, and 1.5 years hydraulic hand pump made in china,and whether hydraulic hand pump made in china is hydraulic power units, or hydraulic accumulators.

The Power Team P-Series hand pumps come in a variety of configurations to meet the requirements of your application.  Along with various oil capacities and flow rates, you can choose from the following options:

Compact design ensures that the Power Team PA6 series pump is lightweight and portable. The PA6 series consists of single-speed pumps designed to drive single-acting cylinders. The power unit of choice for major manufacturers of auto body, frame straighteners and other equipment. Operates at 40-100 psi (3-8 bar) shop air pressure at the pump, dBA 85 at 10,000 psi (700 bar). Serviceable pump motor is not a “throwaway”, providing economical repair. Permanently vented reservoir cap. Internal relief valve protects circuit components, air inlet filter protects motor.

Compact, lightweight and portable the Power Team PA6D series pumps are single-speed pumps for driving double-acting cylinders. The PA6D series pumps operate at 40-100 psi (3-8 bar) shop air pressure at the pump. Designed with longevity in-mind the PA6D series feature internal relief valve protects circuit components, air inlet filter protects motor. Serviceable pump motor is not a “throw away”, providing economical repair. Permanently vented reservoir cap. dBA 85 at 10,000 psi (700 bar) for all PA6 pump.

Ideal for powering single-acting cylinders and portable hydraulic tools, the Power Team PA9 series pumps are easier to operate than a hand pump, designed for efficiency. Built to be economical in service; the PA9 series is not a “throwaway” unit. Unique bladder design for all-position operation and storage. Operates on 40-120 psi (3-8 bar) shop air, at 20 cfm (570 l). Hard-coat anodized aluminum housing. Oil filler with integral safety relief minimizes chance of damage to reservoir bladder if overfilling occurs.

A two-speed pump, the Power Team PA60 series pumps are designed for rapid oil delivery at low pressure to quickly advance cylinder or tool. Equipped with air pressure regulator, air filter and lubricator. Serviceable air motor for economical repair. Internal relief valve protects circuit components. Permanently vented reservoir cap.

Focused on single-speed and low pressure the Power Team PA50 series pump outputs 3,200 PSI / 220 BAR, fitting serviceable requirements for air motor for economical repair. Integrated air inlet filter protects motor. The PA50 series also features a filter in outlet port protects against contaminated systems Assorted reservoirs to suit your application"s requirements.

Rotary-Style Air Motor.  Use where air is the preferred source of energy.  3 hp motor starting under full load.  Two-speed operation for rapid cylinder advance.  Models available with full remote control over advance and return, except PA554.  Tandem center valve holds the load when pump is shut-off.

Compact, Portable, Cordless Hydraulic Pump for MRO Applications.  Compact, Li-ion 18VDC, 9.0 Ah battery-powered pump provides extended run-time.  Two-stage, high-pressure hydraulic pump offers quick tool advancement in the first stage.  Extremely compact, lightweight with an ergonomic handle grip and transport strap to ease portability.  Self-contained, rubber bladder reservoir allows pump usage in most positions with an impressive capacity of 70 cu. in. usable.  Quiet, smooth-running, serviceable brushed 18VDC motor.  High-impact, fiberglass reinforced shroud protects your investment in the most demanding and harsh applications.  Interchangeable valve configuration accommodates a vast array of applications.  CSA rated for intermittent duty, CE compliant.

The 10 series Power Team hydraulic pumps are designed to have a maximum of 690 bar (10,000 psi) at a flow rate of 164 cc/min (10 cu. in/min). All Power Team pumps come fully assembled, and each with the ability to be valved for either single- or double acting cylinders. Designed to be compact can easily mobile, the power team 10 series includes a portable power source is included for hydraulic cylinders, and tools. The permanent magnet motor is strategically constructed to easily start under load, even with reduced voltage conditions. Battery-operated models have 8 foot (2,4 m) power cord with alligator clips to connect to any 12 volt battery, optional rechargeable battery pack with shoulder strap are alternatives for maximum portability. The Power Team 10 series pump typically delivers 15 minutes of continuous operation at 10,000 psi (700 bar) on a single battery. Built to withstand High-impact, shielded with a flame retardant construction.

The Power Team 17 series pump is delibertly designed for maintenance and construction applications up to 55 Ton. For use with single-acting or double-acting cylinders at operating pressures to 10,000 psi (700 bar). For intermittent duty; starts under full load. Equipped with 1⁄2 hp (0,37 kW), 3,450 rpm, single-phase, thermal protected induction motor; 10 ft. remote control cord (PE172S has 25 ft. (7,6 m) cord) Low amperage draw; small generators and low amperage circuits can be used as power source. Extremely quiet noise level (67-81 dBA).

Vanguard Jr. + Power Team 18 series pumps provide two-speed high performance in a light-weight, compact package. Designed to provide a gauge port and metal reservoir on all pump models. Equipped with a 1⁄2 hp (0,37 kW), 115 volt, 60/50 Hz single phase motor that starts under load, even at reduced voltage. Low amperage draw permits use with smaller generators and low amperage circuits. All pumps have a 10 foot (3 m) remote control. CSA rated for intermittent duty. Noise level of 85-90 dBA. For operating hydraulic crimping, cutting or other tools: No. PE184C - Allows you to alternately operate a spring-return cutting and/or crimping tool without disconnecting either tool. Select a port connection with a manual 4-way valve, start the pump with a remote control hand switch and extend the connected tool. When the hand switch is switched to off, the pump stops and the automatic valve opens, allowing the tool to return. In the center (neutral) position, a manual control valve holds the tool in position at the time valve is shifted.

The 21 series Power Team pump and RD5513 cylinder used in a special press that produces pharmaceutical-grade extracts for herbal medicines. Totally enclosed, fan cooled induction motor: 1 hp (0,75 kW), 1,725 rpm, 60 Hz, single phase. Designed intentional for thermal overload protection. Remote control, with 10 foot (3,1 m) cord is standard on pumps with solenoid valves. Manual valve pumps have “Stop”, “Start” and “Run/Off/Pulse” switches. Pump controls are moisture and dust resistant. Motor drip cover with carrying handles and lifting lug. Low noise level of 70 dBA@ 10,000 psi (700 bar). In the event of electrical interruption, pump shuts off and will not start up until operator presses the pump start button. 24 volt control circuits on units with remote controls provide additional user/operator safety.

Ideal for running multiple tools or cylinders from one power unit. Recommended for cylinders up to 75 tons. Two-speed pumps have the same low pressure and high pressure flows from both valves. Flows and pressures of each pump are independent. Delivers 300 cu. in./min. of oil at 100 psi (4,8 liter/min of oil at 7 bar) and 25 cu. in./min. at 10,000 psi (0,4 liter/min at 700 bar) from each pump. 1 1/2 hp, 110/115 volt, 60 Hz (1,12 kW, 220 volt, 50 Hz) induction motor, 10 foot (3,1 meter) remote control and 5 gallon (19 liter) steel reservoir. Models available for operating single-acting or double-acting cylinders. Each power unit contains two separate pumps and two separate valves allowing operator to control multiple processes with one power unit. Both pumps on each power unit are equipped with an externally adjustable pressure relief valve. Not recommended for frequent starting and stopping.

The Power Team 30 series pump is intently ideal for maintenance and construction applications.  Operating both single-acting or double-acting cylinders. A dynamically built, Integral roll cage protects the 30 series pump from many forms of damage. 1 hp (0,75 kW), single phase, permanent magnet motor. High performance to weight ratio. Starts under full load even when voltage is reduced to 50% of nominal rating. Quit operations: 82 dBA @ 10,000 psi (700 bar) and 87 dBA @ 0 psi (0 bar). CSA rated for intermittent duty. Remote controls and/or solenoid valves feature 24 volt controls.

The Power Team 46 series is best suited for under the roof maintenance and production applications. Equipped with two-speed high-performance pump, for use with single- or double-acting cylinders at operating pressures to 10,000 psi (700 bar) the 46 series pump is versitile. With a 1 1⁄2 hp (1.12 kW), 3,450 (2,875) rpm single-phase, 60 (50) Hz thermal protected induction motor that starts under full load. Noise level of 77-81 dBA. All equipped with a 10 foot (3,1 m) remote control except PE462S which has a 25 foot (7,6 m) remote control. 24 volt control circuit on all units with remote control. CSA rated for intermittent duty.

A powerful multifaceted pump, the Power Team 55 pump excels at multiple applications. From heavy construction to concrete stressing this pump series is designed for intensity. With low voltage starting possible,  the 50/60 Hz universal motor; draws 25 amps at full load, and can start at reduced voltage. CSA rated for intermittent duty. 10 foot (3,1 m) remote motor control (except PE552S which has a 25 foot (7,6 m) remote motor and valve control). True unloading valve achieves greater pump efficiency, allowing higher flows at maximum pressure. Reservoirs available in sizes up to 10 gallons (38 liter). Lightweight and portable. Best weight-to-performance ratio of all Power Team pumps. “Assemble to Order” System: There are times when a custom pump is required. Power Team’s “Assemble to Order” system allows you to choose from a wide range of pre-engineered, off-the shelf components to build a customized pump to fit specific requirements. By selecting standard components you get a “customized” pump without “customized” prices. All pumps come fully assembled, add oil and ready for work.

A compact lightweight pump, the Power Team 60 series is designed for rugged applications and low voltage starting. Experiencing a long, trouble-free life in the most demanding work environments, the 60 series is durable.. Powered by 1 1⁄8 hp, 115 volt, 60/50 Hz (0,84 kW, 220 volt, 60/50 Hz) single phase motor. Starts under load, even at the reduced voltages at construction sites. Optional fan-driven external oil cooler includes rollover guard. Insulated carrying handle. Integral 4" (102 mm) diameter fluid-filled pressure gauge with steel bezel complies with ASME B40.1 Grade A. 0 to 10,000 psi (0 to 700 bar) pressure range in 100 psi (7 bar) increments. Sealed 3⁄4 gallon (4,34 liter (usable) reservoir. Reservoir drain port is standard. Standard oil level sight gauge for accurate oil level monitoring. External spin-on filter removes contaminants from circulating oil to maximize pump, valve and cylinder/tool life.

The Power Team PQ60 series pumps are designed specifically for heavy-duty, extended cycle operation. Integrating single- or double-acting cylinders the PQ60 series is versatile. Constructed for longevity by employing a metal shroud keeps dirt and moisture out of motor and electrical components. An electrical shut-down feature prevents unintentional restarting of motor following an electrical service interruption. Internal relief valve limits pressure to 10,000 psi (700 bar). External relief valve is adjustable from 1,000 to 10,000 psi (70 to 700 bar). The Power Team PQ60 pumps operate below maximum OSHA noise limitation (74-76 dBA). Start and operate under full load, even with voltage reduced by 10%.

The Power Team 120 series pump is exactingly designed for heavy duty, extended cycle operation up to 400 Ton. Built in grit, the series 120 pump can start and operate under full load, even with voltage reduced 10%. An electrical shut-down feature prevents unintentional restarting of motor following an electrical service interruption. Internal relief valve limits pressure to 10,000 psi (700 bar) and an external relief valve is adjustable from 1,000 to 10,000 psi (70 to 700 bar). Pump prewired at factory with a 3 hp, 460 volt, 60 Hz (2,24 kW, 380 volt, 50 Hz), 3 Phase motor. Other electrical configurations are available. 24 volt control circuits on units with remote controls for added user/operator safety. 3 hp (2,24 kW) 3 phase motor with thermal overload protection. Motor starter and heater element supplied as standard equipment; with an intentionally designed metal shroud to keep dirt and moisture out of motor and electrical components. Pumps operate below maximum OSHA noise limitation.

With high tonnage double-acting cylinders, the Power Team 400 series offers both single or multiple cylinder applications. Two-speed high output pump delivers up to 5 gpm (16 liter/min) of oil, with a low noise level of 73-80 dBA. Integral electrical shut-down feature prevents unintentional restarting of motor following an electrical service interruption. Over-current protection prevents damage to motor as a result of overheating. “Stop” and “Start” control buttons are 24 volt. PE4004 has a 4-way/3-position manual valve. The PE4004S has a 4- way/3-position solenoid valve with a 24 volt remote hand switch. External pressure relief valve is adjustable from 1,500 to 10,000 psi (100 to 700 bar). Heavy duty 4" (50,8 mm) diameter casters assure easy maneuvering. 20 gallon (3,927 cu. in. usable) / 75,7 liter (62,8 liter usable) reservoir has a low oil level sight gauge. Powered by a dual voltage 10 hp (7,46 kW), 3 phase, 1,725 (1,437) rpm motor. 3 phase motor has all the electrical components necessary to operate the pump.The customer has no hidden charges when making purchase. Deliver 1,200 cu. in./min. (16 liter/min) of oil @ 200 psi (15 bar), 420 cu. in./min. (5,6 liter/min) of oil @ 10,000 psi (700 bar).

Power team synchronized lifting and lowering system, the MCS ( motion controller system ) series can be used in many hydraulic applications where load position is critical, requiring cylinder synchronization. Whether it is a bridge, a building or any kind of heavy load, with the SPX FLOW power team motion control system, lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, tilting or positioning loads can be carried out automatically with a high degree of accuracy. The PLC-controlled system is a combination of digital actuation and digital control providing significant advantages such as time savings, repeatability, and extremely low internal stress in the object one is moving. The system also provides documentation for the movement performed.

Extremely durable yet lightweight and operable under low-line voltage conditions, the Power Team PE-NUT series pumps are constructed for challenging conditions. A 115V 5/8 hp (0,46 kW) universal electric motor (50/60 cycle), employing a two-stage pump for efficiency and designed for use with spring-returned remote tools. The PE-NUT series pumps also feature high-pressure safety relief valve, remote hand control with 10-foot (3,1 meter) cord, and a pressure matched quick-coupler supplied. The PE-NUT series uniquely utilizes intermittent duty, piston-type high-pressure pump supercharged by a low-pressure pump. CAUTION: DESIGNED FOR CRIMPING APPLICATION ONLY! This system should not be used for lifting.

Gasoline power ideal for remote locations.  A logical choice at work sites where electricity or compressed air are unavailable. For single or double-acting cylinders at operating pressures up to 10,000 psi.  All gasoline engine/hydraulic pumps feature Posi-Check® valve to guard against pressure loss when valve is shifted from “advance” to “hold.”

PG303 is for single-acting cylinders, has a 9520 valve with separate internal return line which allows oil from running pump to return to reservoir, independently of cylinder return oil, when valve is in “return” position.

PG1200 Series pumps powered by a Honda 4-cycle, 5.5 hp engine with automatic decompression and electronic ignition. Deliver over 0.5 gallon (130 cu. in.) of oil per minute at 10,000 psi.

Rubber anti-skid insulation on bottom of reservoir resists skidding and dampens vibration. PG1200M-4 and PG1200M-4D include a pump cart with 12” wheels.

The Power Team HB series is purposefully constructed to convert low-pressure portable hydraulic pumps or on-board hydraulic systems, into high pressure power sources. HB series applications include utilities, railroads, construction, riggers and others. This product operates single or double-acting cylinders, jacks, and tools such as crimpers, spreaders, cable cutters, or tire tools. Version for use with double-acting torque wrenches available. May be used to operate two separate, single-acting tools (with integral valves) independently, without need for additional manifold. Control valve included. Other Power Team valves available as an option to suit your specific application, if needed; consult factory. Compact and rugged for use inside a utility vehicle aerial bucket or stowing in a vehicle. No reservoir level to maintain; uses low pressure system as oil supply. Has 3⁄8" NPTF ports; compatible with standard fittings for low and high pressure systems.

Portable two-speed pump operated in any position (open or closed-center) providing pressures up to 10,000 psi for the operation of high-pressure tools.

These compact, lightweight boosters do not have reservoirs. The units can be operated in any position on either open- or closed-center (accumulator) hydraulic systems.

“Assemble to Order” means you can choose a basic pump with gas, air or electric motor. Then select the proper valve, gauge, pressure control, motor control and reservoir. You get a two-stage pump that gives high oil volume for fast cylinder approach (and return with double-acting cylinders) in the first stage and high pressure in the second stage.

3 HP Jet Motor, Three-Phase.  Gives low noise level and long life due to its moderate operating speed. Ideal for fixed installations. Consists of basic 10,000 psi pump, jet pump motor: 3 hp, 3,450 rpm, 230/460VAC, 60 or 50 cycle (specify). AC three-phase, with thermal overload switch. Equipped with internal and external relief valve. Will start under load.

or cannot be used. The 5,000 or 10,000 psi pump has a 3 hp air-driven motor at 3,000 rpm (optimum performance based on 80 psi air pressure and 50 cfm at the pump). You can drive single or double-acting cylinders with the correct valve.  NOTE: 80 psi air supply required to start under full load.

unavailable. It is capable of continuous operation at full pressure. Consists of basic 10,000 psi pump, 4-cycle Briggs & Stratton “Diamond Edge” gasoline engine, developing 6 hp. As with all these pumps, this unit can be valved for use with either single or double-acting cylinders.

Hydraulic cylinders provide the unidirectional force required to power your industrial equipment for heavy lifting. Telescopic hydraulic cylinders, which are ideal for dump trailers and platform truck trailers, give the extended stroke lengths required for a range of versatile purposes. When purchasing telescopic hydraulic cylinders, consumers are frequently faced with the decision between single-acting and double-acting hydraulic cylinders. Learn what distinguishes the two types of telescopic cylinders to determine which cylinder is appropriate for your high-power hydraulic requirements. The hydraulic cylinder is the industrial world’s workhorse. Learn about the benefits and drawbacks of single and double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The function of your cylinder decides whether you should choose a single-acting or double-acting hydraulic cylinder. Single-Acting Hydraulic Cylinder Single-acting cylinders generate force exclusively in one direction, whether it is a push or pull action. These are also referred to as “plunger” cylinders. They are utilized in lifting operations where hydraulic pump pressure stretches the hydraulic cylinder and a mass or spring retracts it. Single-acting cylinders contain only one port through which the hydraulic pump’s pressurized oil passes. This causes the piston to extend in one direction, compressing the piston’s spring. After releasing the air via the cylinder port where it entered, the spring

A hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into fluid power. It"s used in hydraulic systems to perform work, such as lifting heavy loads in excavators or jacks to being used in hydraulic splitters. This article focuses on how hydraulic pumps operate, different types of hydraulic pumps, and their applications.

A hydraulic pump operates on positive displacement, where a confined fluid is subjected to pressure using a reciprocating or rotary action. The pump"s driving force is supplied by a prime mover, such as an electric motor, internal combustion engine, human labor (Figure 1), or compressed air (Figure 2), which drives the impeller, gear (Figure 3), or vane to create a flow of fluid within the pump"s housing.

A hydraulic pump’s mechanical action creates a vacuum at the pump’s inlet, which allows atmospheric pressure to force fluid into the pump. The drawn in fluid creates a vacuum at the inlet chamber, which allows the fluid to then be forced towards the outlet at a high pressure.

Vane pump:Vanes are pushed outwards by centrifugal force and pushed back into the rotor as they move past the pump inlet and outlet, generating fluid flow and pressure.

Piston pump:A piston is moved back and forth within a cylinder, creating chambers of varying size that draw in and compress fluid, generating fluid flow and pressure.

A hydraulic pump"s performance is determined by the size and shape of the pump"s internal chambers, the speed at which the pump operates, and the power supplied to the pump. Hydraulic pumps use an incompressible fluid, usually petroleum oil or a food-safe alternative, as the working fluid. The fluid must have lubrication properties and be able to operate at high temperatures. The type of fluid used may depend on safety requirements, such as fire resistance or food preparation.

Air hydraulic pump:These pumps have a compact design and do not require an external power source. However, a reliable source of compressed air is necessary and is limited by the supply pressure of compressed air.

Electric hydraulic pump:They have a reliable and efficient power source and can be easily integrated into existing systems. However, these pumps require a constant power source, may be affected by power outages, and require additional electrical safety measures. Also, they have a higher upfront cost than other pump types.

Gas-powered hydraulic pump:Gas-powered pumps are portable hydraulic pumps which are easy to use in outdoor and remote environments. However, they are limited by fuel supply, have higher emissions compared to other hydraulic pumps, and the fuel systems require regular maintenance.

Manual hydraulic pump:They are easy to transport and do not require a power source. However, they are limited by the operator’s physical ability, have a lower flow rate than other hydraulic pump types, and may require extra time to complete tasks.

Hydraulic hand pump:Hydraulic hand pumps are suitable for small-scale, and low-pressure applications and typically cost less than hydraulic foot pumps.

Hydraulic foot pump:Hydraulic foot pumps are suitable for heavy-duty and high-pressure applications and require less effort than hydraulic hand pumps.

Hydraulic pumps can be single-acting or double-acting. Single-acting pumps have a single port that hydraulic fluid enters to extend the pump’s cylinder. Double-acting pumps have two ports, one for extending the cylinder and one for retracting the cylinder.

Single-acting:With single-acting hydraulic pumps, the cylinder extends when hydraulic fluid enters it. The cylinder will retract with a spring, with gravity, or from the load.

Double-acting:With double-acting hydraulic pumps, the cylinder retracts when hydraulic fluid enters the top port. The cylinder goes back to its starting position.

Single-acting:Single-acting hydraulic pumps are suitable for simple applications that only need linear movement in one direction. For example, such as lifting an object or pressing a load.

Double-acting:Double-acting hydraulic pumps are for applications that need precise linear movement in two directions, such as elevators and forklifts.

Pressure:Hydraulic gear pumps and hydraulic vane pumps are suitable for low-pressure applications, and hydraulic piston pumps are suitable for high-pressure applications.

Cost:Gear pumps are the least expensive to purchase and maintain, whereas piston pumps are the most expensive. Vane pumps land somewhere between the other two in cost.

Efficiency:Gear pumps are the least efficient. They typically have 80% efficiency, meaning 10 mechanical horsepower turns into 8 hydraulic horsepower. Vane pumps are more efficient than gear pumps, and piston pumps are the most efficient with up to 95% efficiency.

Automotive industry:In the automotive industry, hydraulic pumps are combined with jacks and engine hoists for lifting vehicles, platforms, heavy loads, and pulling engines.

Process and manufacturing:Heavy-duty hydraulic pumps are used for driving and tapping applications, turning heavy valves, tightening, and expanding applications.

Despite the different pump mechanism types in hydraulic pumps, they are categorized based on size (pressure output) and driving force (manual, air, electric, and fuel-powered). There are several parameters to consider while selecting the right hydraulic pump for an application. The most important parameters are described below:

Speed of operation: If it is a manual hydraulic pump, should it be a single-speed or double-speed? How much volume of fluid per handle stroke? When using a powered hydraulic pump, how much volume per minute? Air, gas, and electric-powered hydraulic pumps are useful for high-volume flows.

Portability: Manual hand hydraulic pumps are usually portable but with lower output, while fuel power has high-output pressure but stationary for remote operations in places without electricity. Electric hydraulic pumps can be both mobile and stationary, as well as air hydraulic pumps. Air hydraulic pumps require compressed air at the operation site.

Operating temperature: The application operating temperature can affect the size of the oil reservoir needed, the type of fluid, and the materials used for the pump components. The oil is the operating fluid but also serves as a cooling liquid in heavy-duty hydraulic pumps.

Operating noise: Consider if the environment has a noise requirement. A hydraulic pump with a fuel engine will generate a higher noise than an electric hydraulic pump of the same size.

Spark-free: Should the hydraulic pump be spark-free due to a possible explosive environment? Remember, most operating fluids are derivatives of petroleum oil, but there are spark-free options.

A hydraulic pump transforms mechanical energy into fluid energy. A relatively low amount of input power can turn into a large amount of output power for lifting heavy loads.

A hydraulic pump works by using mechanical energy to pressurize fluid in a closed system. This pressurized fluid is then used to drive machinery such as excavators, presses, and lifts.

A hydraulic ram pump leverages the energy of falling water to move water to a higher height without the usage of external power. It is made up of a valve, a pressure chamber, and inlet and exit pipes.

A water pump moves water from one area to another, whereas a hydraulic pump"s purpose is to overcome a pressure that is dependent on a load, like a heavy car.

Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers and other components of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

When a pump contains two or more pump mechanisms with fluid being directed to flow through them in series, it is called a multi-stage pump. Terms such as two-stage or double-stage may be used to specifically describe the number of stages. A pump that does not fit this description is simply a single-stage pump in contrast.

In biology, many different types of chemical and biomechanical pumps have evolved; biomimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps.

Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into positive-displacement pumps, impulse pumps, velocity pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps and valveless pumps. There are three basic types of pumps: positive-displacement, centrifugal and axial-flow pumps. In centrifugal pumps the direction of flow of the fluid changes by ninety degrees as it flows over an impeller, while in axial flow pumps the direction of flow is unchanged.

Some positive-displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.

Positive-displacement pumps, unlike centrifugal, can theoretically produce the same flow at a given speed (rpm) no matter what the discharge pressure. Thus, positive-displacement pumps are constant flow machines. However, a slight increase in internal leakage as the pressure increases prevents a truly constant flow rate.

A positive-displacement pump must not operate against a closed valve on the discharge side of the pump, because it has no shutoff head like centrifugal pumps. A positive-displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve continues to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line increases until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged, or both.

A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive-displacement pump is therefore necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external. The pump manufacturer normally has the option to supply internal relief or safety valves. The internal valve is usually used only as a safety precaution. An external relief valve in the discharge line, with a return line back to the suction line or supply tank provides increased safety.

Rotary-type positive displacement: internal or external gear pump, screw pump, lobe pump, shuttle block, flexible vane or sliding vane, circumferential piston, flexible impeller, helical twisted roots (e.g. the Wendelkolben pump) or liquid-ring pumps

Drawbacks: The nature of the pump requires very close clearances between the rotating pump and the outer edge, making it rotate at a slow, steady speed. If rotary pumps are operated at high speeds, the fluids cause erosion, which eventually causes enlarged clearances that liquid can pass through, which reduces efficiency.

Hollow disk pumps (also known as eccentric disc pumps or Hollow rotary disc pumps), similar to scroll compressors, these have a cylindrical rotor encased in a circular housing. As the rotor orbits and rotates to some degree, it traps fluid between the rotor and the casing, drawing the fluid through the pump. It is used for highly viscous fluids like petroleum-derived products, and it can also support high pressures of up to 290 psi.

Vibratory pumps or vibration pumps are similar to linear compressors, having the same operating principle. They work by using a spring-loaded piston with an electromagnet connected to AC current through a diode. The spring-loaded piston is the only moving part, and it is placed in the center of the electromagnet. During the positive cycle of the AC current, the diode allows energy to pass through the electromagnet, generating a magnetic field that moves the piston backwards, compressing the spring, and generating suction. During the negative cycle of the AC current, the diode blocks current flow to the electromagnet, letting the spring uncompress, moving the piston forward, and pumping the fluid and generating pressure, like a reciprocating pump. Due to its low cost, it is widely used in inexpensive espresso machines. However, vibratory pumps cannot be operated for more than one minute, as they generate large amounts of heat. Linear compressors do not have this problem, as they can be cooled by the working fluid (which is often a refrigerant).

Reciprocating pumps move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers, or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict fluid motion to the desired direction. In order for suction to take place, the pump must first pull the plunger in an outward motion to decrease pressure in the chamber. Once the plunger pushes back, it will increase the chamber pressure and the inward pressure of the plunger will then open the discharge valve and release the fluid into the delivery pipe at constant flow rate and increased pressure.

Pumps in this category range from simplex, with one cylinder, to in some cases quad (four) cylinders, or more. Many reciprocating-type pumps are duplex (two) or triplex (three) cylinder. They can be either single-acting with suction during one direction of piston motion and discharge on the other, or double-acting with suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered manually, by air or steam, or by a belt driven by an engine. This type of pump was used extensively in the 19th century—in the early days of steam propulsion—as boiler feed water pumps. Now reciprocating pumps typically pump highly viscous fluids like concrete and heavy oils, and serve in special applications that demand low flow rates against high resistance. Reciprocating hand pumps were widely used to pump water from wells. Common bicycle pumps and foot pumps for inflation use reciprocating action.

These positive-displacement pumps have an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant given each cycle of operation and the pump"s volumetric efficiency can be achieved through routine maintenance and inspection of its valves.

This is the simplest form of rotary positive-displacement pumps. It consists of two meshed gears that rotate in a closely fitted casing. The tooth spaces trap fluid and force it around the outer periphery. The fluid does not travel back on the meshed part, because the teeth mesh closely in the center. Gear pumps see wide use in car engine oil pumps and in various hydraulic power packs.

A screw pump is a more complicated type of rotary pump that uses two or three screws with opposing thread — e.g., one screw turns clockwise and the other counterclockwise. The screws are mounted on parallel shafts that have gears that mesh so the shafts turn together and everything stays in place. The screws turn on the shafts and drive fluid through the pump. As with other forms of rotary pumps, the clearance between moving parts and the pump"s casing is minimal.

Widely used for pumping difficult materials, such as sewage sludge contaminated with large particles, a progressing cavity pump consists of a helical rotor, about ten times as long as its width. This can be visualized as a central core of diameter x with, typically, a curved spiral wound around of thickness half x, though in reality it is manufactured in a single casting. This shaft fits inside a heavy-duty rubber sleeve, of wall thickness also typically x. As the shaft rotates, the rotor gradually forces fluid up the rubber sleeve. Such pumps can develop very high pressure at low volumes.

Named after the Roots brothers who invented it, this lobe pump displaces the fluid trapped between two long helical rotors, each fitted into the other when perpendicular at 90°, rotating inside a triangular shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of suction and at the point of discharge. This design produces a continuous flow with equal volume and no vortex. It can work at low pulsation rates, and offers gentle performance that some applications require.

A peristaltic pump is a type of positive-displacement pump. It contains fluid within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing (though linear peristaltic pumps have been made). A number of rollers, shoes, or wipers attached to a rotor compresses the flexible tube. As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression closes (or occludes), forcing the fluid through the tube. Additionally, when the tube opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam it draws (restitution) fluid into the pump. This process is called peristalsis and is used in many biological systems such as the gastrointestinal tract.

Efficiency and common problems: With only one cylinder in plunger pumps, the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the plunger moves through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is at the end positions. A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system. Vibration and

Triplex plunger pumps use three plungers, which reduces the pulsation of single reciprocating plunger pumps. Adding a pulsation dampener on the pump outlet can further smooth the pump ripple, or ripple graph of a pump transducer. The dynamic relationship of the high-pressure fluid and plunger generally requires high-quality plunger seals. Plunger pumps with a larger number of plungers have the benefit of increased flow, or smoother flow without a pulsation damper. The increase in moving parts and crankshaft load is one drawback.

Car washes often use these triplex-style plunger pumps (perhaps without pulsation dampers). In 1968, William Bruggeman reduced the size of the triplex pump and increased the lifespan so that car washes could use equipment with smaller footprints. Durable high-pressure seals, low-pressure seals and oil seals, hardened crankshafts, hardened connecting rods, thick ceramic plungers and heavier duty ball and roller bearings improve reliability in triplex pumps. Triplex pumps now are in a myriad of markets across the world.

Triplex pumps with shorter lifetimes are commonplace to the home user. A person who uses a home pressure washer for 10 hours a year may be satisfied with a pump that lasts 100 hours between rebuilds. Industrial-grade or continuous duty triplex pumps on the other end of the quality spectrum may run for as much as 2,080 hours a year.

The oil and gas drilling industry uses massive semi trailer-transported triplex pumps called mud pumps to pump drilling mud, which cools the drill bit and carries the cuttings back to the surface.

One modern application of positive-displacement pumps is compressed-air-powered double-diaphragm pumps. Run on compressed air, these pumps are intrinsically safe by design, although all manufacturers offer ATEX certified models to comply with industry regulation. These pumps are relatively inexpensive and can perform a wide variety of duties, from pumping water out of bunds to pumping hydrochloric acid from secure storage (dependent on how the pump is manufactured – elastomers / body construction). These double-diaphragm pumps can handle viscous fluids and abrasive materials with a gentle pumping process ideal for transporting shear-sensitive media.

Devised in China as chain pumps over 1000 years ago, these pumps can be made from very simple materials: A rope, a wheel and a pipe are sufficient to make a simple rope pump. Rope pump efficiency has been studied by grassroots organizations and the techniques for making and running them have been continuously improved.

Impulse pumps use pressure created by gas (usually air). In some impulse pumps the gas trapped in the liquid (usually water), is released and accumulated somewhere in the pump, creating a pressure that can push part of the liquid upwards.

Instead of a gas accumulation and releasing cycle, the pressure can be created by burning of hydrocarbons. Such combustion driven pumps directly transmit the impulse from a combustion event through the actuation membrane to the pump fluid. In order to allow this direct transmission, the pump needs to be almost entirely made of an elastomer (e.g. silicone rubber). Hence, the combustion causes the membrane to expand and thereby pumps the fluid out of the adjacent pumping chamber. The first combustion-driven soft pump was developed by ETH Zurich.

It takes in water at relatively low pressure and high flow-rate and outputs water at a higher hydraulic-head and lower flow-rate. The device uses the water hammer effect to develop pressure that lifts a portion of the input water that powers the pump to a point higher than where the water started.

The hydraulic ram is sometimes used in remote areas, where there is both a source of low-head hydropower, and a need for pumping water to a destination higher in elevation than the source. In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it requires no outside source of power other than the kinetic energy of flowing water.

Rotodynamic pumps (or dynamic pumps) are a type of velocity pump in which kinetic energy is added to the fluid by increasing the flow velocity. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in potential energy (pressure) when the velocity is reduced prior to or as the flow exits the pump into the discharge pipe. This conversion of kinetic energy to pressure is explained by the

A practical difference between dynamic and positive-displacement pumps is how they operate under closed valve conditions. Positive-displacement pumps physically displace fluid, so closing a valve downstream of a positive-displacement pump produces a continual pressure build up that can cause mechanical failure of pipeline or pump. Dynamic pumps differ in that they can be safely operated under closed valve conditions (for short periods of time).

Such a pump is also referred to as a centrifugal pump. The fluid enters along the axis or center, is accelerated by the impeller and exits at right angles to the shaft (radially); an example is the centrifugal fan, which is commonly used to implement a vacuum cleaner. Another type of radial-flow pump is a vortex pump. The liquid in them moves in tangential direction around the working wheel. The conversion from the mechanical energy of motor into the potential energy of flow comes by means of multiple whirls, which are excited by the impeller in the working channel of the pump. Generally, a radial-flow pump operates at higher pressures and lower flow rates than an axial- or a mixed-flow pump.

These are also referred to as All fluid pumps. The fluid is pushed outward or inward to move fluid axially. They operate at much lower pressures and higher flow rates than radial-flow (centrifugal) pumps. Axial-flow pumps cannot be run up to speed without special precaution. If at a low flow rate, the total head rise and high torque associated with this pipe would mean that the starting torque would have to become a function of acceleration for the whole mass of liquid in the pipe system. If there is a large amount of fluid in the system, accelerate the pump slowly.

Mixed-flow pumps function as a compromise between radial and axial-flow pumps. The fluid experiences both radial acceleration and lift and exits the impeller somewhere between 0 and 90 degrees from the axial direction. As a consequence mixed-flow pumps operate at higher pressures than axial-flow pumps while delivering higher discharges than radial-flow pumps. The exit angle of the flow dictates the pressure head-discharge characteristic in relation to radial and mixed-flow.

Regenerative turbine pump rotor and housing, 1⁄3 horsepower (0.25 kW). 85 millimetres (3.3 in) diameter impeller rotates counter-clockwise. Left: inlet, right: outlet. .4 millimetres (0.016 in) thick vanes on 4 millimetres (0.16 in) centers

Also known as drag, friction, peripheral, traction, turbulence, or vortex pumps, regenerative turbine pumps are class of rotodynamic pump that operates at high head pressures, typically 4–20 bars (4.1–20.4 kgf/cm2; 58–290 psi).

The pump has an impeller with a number of vanes or paddles which spins in a cavity. The suction port and pressure ports are located at the perimeter of the cavity and are isolated by a barrier called a stripper, which allows only the tip channel (fluid between the blades) to recirculate, and forces any fluid in the side channel (fluid in the cavity outside of the blades) through the pressure port. In a regenerative turbine pump, as fluid spirals repeatedly from a vane into the side channel and back to the next vane, kinetic energy is imparted to the periphery,

As regenerative turbine pumps cannot become vapor locked, they are commonly applied to volatile, hot, or cryogenic fluid transport. However, as tolerances are typically tight, they are vulnerable to solids or particles causing jamming or rapid wear. Efficiency is typically low, and pressure and power consumption typically decrease with flow. Additionally, pumping direction can be reversed by reversing direction of spin.

Steam pumps have been for a long time mainly of historical interest. They include any type of pump powered by a steam engine and also pistonless pumps such as Thomas Savery"s or the Pulsometer steam pump.

Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in low power solar steam pumps for use in smallholder irrigation in developing countries. Previously small steam engines have not been viable because of escalating inefficiencies as vapour engines decrease in size. However the use of modern engineering materials coupled with alternative engine configurations has meant that these types of system are now a cost-effective opportunity.

Valveless pumping assists in fluid transport in various biomedical and engineering systems. In a valveless pumping system, no valves (or physical occlusions) are present to regulate the flow direction. The fluid pumping efficiency of a valveless system, however, is not necessarily lower than that having valves. In fact, many fluid-dynamical systems in nature and engineering more or less rely upon valveless pumping to transport the working fluids therein. For instance, blood circulation in the cardiovascular system is maintained to some extent even when the heart"s valves fail. Meanwhile, the embryonic vertebrate heart begins pumping blood long before the development of discernible chambers and valves. Similar to blood circulation in one direction, bird respiratory systems pump air in one direction in rigid lungs, but without any physiological valve. In microfluidics, valveless impedance pumps have been fabricated, and are expected to be particularly suitable for handling sensitive biofluids. Ink jet printers operating on the piezoelectric transducer principle also use valveless pumping. The pump chamber is emptied through the printing jet due to reduced flow impedance in that direction and refilled by capillary action.

Examining pump repair records and mean time between failures (MTBF) is of great importance to responsible and conscientious pump users. In view of that fact, the preface to the 2006 Pump User"s Handbook alludes to "pump failure" statistics. For the sake of convenience, these failure statistics often are translated into MTBF (in this case, installed life before failure).

In early 2005, Gordon Buck, John Crane Inc.’s chief engineer for field operations in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, examined the repair records for a number of refinery and chemical plants to obtain meaningful reliability data for centrifugal pumps. A total of 15 operating plants having nearly 15,000 pumps were included in the survey. The smallest of these plants had about 100 pumps; several plants had over 2000. All facilities were located in the United States. In addition, considered as "new", others as "renewed" and still others as "established". Many of these plants—but not all—had an alliance arrangement with John Crane. In some cases, the alliance contract included having a John Crane Inc. technician or engineer on-site to coordinate various aspects of the program.

Not all plants are refineries, however, and different results occur elsewhere. In chemical plants, pumps have historically been "throw-away" items as chemical attack limits life. Things have improved in recent years, but the somewhat restricted space available in "old" DIN and ASME-standardized stuffing boxes places limits on the type of seal that fits. Unless the pump user upgrades the seal chamber, the pump only accommodates more compact and simple versions. Without this upgrading, lifetimes in chemical installations are generally around 50 to 60 percent of the refinery values.

Unscheduled maintenance is often one of the most significant costs of ownership, and failures of mechanical seals and bearings are among the major causes. Keep in mind the potential value of selecting pumps that cost more initially, but last much longer between repairs. The MTBF of a better pump may be one to four years longer than that of its non-upgraded counterpart. Consider that published average values of avoided pump failures range from US$2600 to US$12,000. This does not include lost opportunity costs. One pump fire occurs per 1000 failures. Having fewer pump failures means having fewer destructive pump fires.

As has been noted, a typical pump failure, based on actual year 2002 reports, costs US$5,000 on average. This includes costs for material, parts, labor and overhead. Extending a pump"s MTBF from 12 to 18 months would save US$1,667 per year — which might be greater than the cost to upgrade the centrifugal pump"s reliability.

Pumps are used throughout society for a variety of purposes. Early applications includes the use of the windmill or watermill to pump water. Today, the pump is used for irrigation, water supply, gasoline supply, air conditioning systems, refrigeration (usually called a compressor), chemical movement, sewage movement, flood control, marine services, etc.

Because of the wide variety of applications, pumps have a plethora of shapes and sizes: from very large to very small, from handling gas to handling liquid, from high pressure to low pressure, and from high volume to low volume.

Typically, a liquid pump can"t simply draw air. The feed line of the pump and the internal body surrounding the pumping mechanism must first be filled with the liquid that requires pumping: An operator must introduce liquid into the system to initiate the pumping. This is called priming the pump. Loss of prime is usually due to ingestion of air into the pump. The clearances and displacement ratios in pumps for liquids, whether thin or more viscous, usually cannot displace air due to its compressibility. This is the case with most velocity (rotodynamic) pumps — for example, centrifugal pumps. For such pumps, the position of the pump should always be lower than the suction point, if not the pump should be manually filled with liquid or a secondary pump should be used until all air is removed from the suction line and the pump casing.

Positive–displacement pumps, however, tend to have sufficiently tight sealing between the moving parts and the casing or housing of the pump that they can be described as self-priming. Such pumps can also serve as priming pumps, so-called when they are used to fulfill that need for other pumps in lieu of action taken by a human operator.

One sort of pump once common worldwide was a hand-powered water pump, or "pitcher pump". It was commonly installed over community water wells in the days before piped water supplies.

In parts of the British Isles, it was often called the parish pump. Though such community pumps are no longer common, people still used the expression parish pump to describe a place or forum where matters of local interest are discussed.

Because water from pitcher pumps is drawn directly from the soil, it is more prone to contamination. If such water is not filtered and purified, consumption of it might lead to gastrointestinal or other water-borne diseases. A notorious case is the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak. At the time it was not known how cholera was transmitted, but physician John Snow suspected contaminated water and had the handle of the public pump he suspected removed; the outbreak then subsided.

Modern hand-operated community pumps are considered the most sustainable low-cost option for safe water supply in resource-poor settings, often in rural areas in developing countries. A hand pump opens access to deeper groundwater that is often not polluted and also improves the safety of a well by protecting the water source from contaminated buckets. Pumps such as the Afridev pump are designed to be cheap to build and install, and easy to maintain with simple parts. However, scarcity of spare parts for these type of pumps in some regions of Africa has diminished their utility for these areas.

Multiphase pumping applications, also referred to as tri-phase, have grown due to increased oil drilling activity. In addition, the economics of multiphase production is attractive to upstream operations as it leads to simpler, smaller in-field installations, reduced equipment costs and improved production rates. In essence, the multiphase pump can accommodate all fluid stream properties with one piece of equipment, which has a smaller footprint. Often, two smaller multiphase pumps are installed in series rather than having just one massive pump.

A rotodynamic pump with one single shaft that requires two mechanical seals, this pump uses an open-type axial impeller. It is often called a Poseidon pump, and can be described as a cross between an axial compressor and a centrifugal pump.

The twin-screw pump is constructed of two inter-meshing screws that move the pumped fluid. Twin screw pumps are often used when pumping conditions contain high gas volume fractions and fluctuating inlet conditions. Four mechanical seals are required to seal the two shafts.

These pumps are basically multistage centrifugal pumps and are widely used in oil well applications as a method for artificial lift. These pumps are usually specified when the pumped fluid is mainly liquid.

A buffer tank is often installed upstream of the pump suction nozzle in case of a slug flow. The buffer tank breaks the energy of the liquid slug, smooths any fluctuations in the incoming flow and acts as a sand trap.

As the name indicates, multiphase pumps and their mechanical seals can encounter a large variation in service conditions such as changing process fluid composition, temperature variations, high and low operating pressures and exposure to abrasive/erosive media. The challenge is selecting the appropriate mechanical seal arrangement and support system to ensure maximized seal life and its overall effectiveness.

Pumps are commonly rated by horsepower, volumetric flow rate, outlet pressure in metres (or feet) of head, inlet suction in suction feet (or metres) of head.

From an initial design point of view, engineers often use a quantity termed the specific speed to identify the most suitable pump type for a particular combination of flow rate and head.

The power imparted into a fluid increases the energy of the fluid per unit volume. Thus the power relationship is between the conversion of the mechanical energy of the pump mechanism and the fluid elements within the pump. In general, this is governed by a series of simultaneous differential equations, known as the Navier–Stokes equations. However a more simple equation relating only the different energies in the fluid, known as Bernoulli"s equation can be used. Hence the power, P, required by the pump:

where Δp is the change in total pressure between the inlet and outlet (in Pa), and Q, the volume flow-rate of the fluid is given in m3/s. The total pressure may have gravitational, static pressure and kinetic energy components; i.e. energy is distributed between change in the fluid"s gravitational potential energy (going up or down hill), change in velocity, or change in static pressure. η is the pump efficiency, and may be given by the manufacturer"s information, such as in the form of a pump curve, and is typically derived from either fluid dynamics simulation (i.e. solutions to the Navier–Stokes for the particular pump geometry), or by testing. The efficiency of the pump depends upon the pump"s configuration and operating conditions (such as rotational speed, fluid density and viscosity etc.)

For a typical "pumping" configuration, the work is imparted on the fluid, and is thus positive. For the fluid imparting the work on the pump (i.e. a turbine), the work is negative. Power required to drive the pump is determined by dividing the output power by the pump efficiency. Furthermore, this definition encompasses pumps with no moving parts, such as a siphon.

Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power imparted on the fluid by the pump in relation to the power supplied to drive the pump. Its value is not fixed for a given pump, efficiency is a function of the discharge and therefore also operating head. For centrifugal pumps, the efficiency tends to increase with flow rate up to a point midway through the operating range (peak efficiency or Best Efficiency Point (BEP) ) and then declines as flow rates rise further. Pump performance data such as this is usually supplied by the manufacturer before pump selection. Pump efficiencies tend to decline over time due to wear (e.g. increasing clearances as impellers reduce in size).

When a system includes a centrifugal pump, an important design issue is matching the head loss-flow characteristic with the pump so that it operates at or close to the point of its maximum efficiency.

Most large pumps have a minimum flow requirement below which the pump may be damaged by overheating, impeller wear, vibration, seal failure, drive shaft damage or poor performance.

The simplest minimum flow system is a pipe running from the pump discharge line back to the suction line. This line is fitted with an orifice plate sized to allow the pump minimum flow to pass.

A more sophisticated, but more costly, system (see diagram) comprises a flow measuring device (FE) in the pump discharge which provides a signal into a flow controller (FIC) which actuates a flow control valve (FCV) in the recycle line. If the measured flow exceeds the minimum flow then the FCV is closed. If the measured flow falls below the minimum flow the FCV opens to maintain the minimum flowrate.

As the fluids are recycled the kinetic energy of the pump increases the temperature of the fluid. For many pumps this added heat energy is dissipated through the pipework. However, for large industrial pumps, such as oil pipeline pumps, a recycle cooler is provided in the recycle line to cool the fluids to the normal suction temperature.oil refinery, oil terminal, or offshore installation.

Engineering Sciences Data Unit (2007). "Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps. Introduction" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-18.

Tanzania water Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine blog – example of grassroots researcher telling about his study and work with the rope pump in Africa.

C.M. Schumacher, M. Loepfe, R. Fuhrer, R.N. Grass, and W.J. Stark, "3D printed lost-wax casted soft silicone monoblocks enable heart-inspired pumping by internal combustion," RSC Advances, Vol. 4, pp. 16039–16042, 2014.

"Radial, mixed and axial flow pumps" (PDF). Institution of Diploma Marine Engineers, Bangladesh. June 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-18.

Quail F, Scanlon T, Stickland M (2011-01-11). "Design optimisation of a regenerative pump using numerical and experimental techniques" (PDF). International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow. 21: 95–111. doi:10.1108/09615531111095094. Retrieved 2021-07-21.

Rajmane, M. Satish; Kallurkar, S.P. (May 2015). "CFD Analysis of Domestic Centrifugal Pump for Performance Enhancement". International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 02 / #02. Retrieved 30 April 2021.

Wasser, Goodenberger, Jim and Bob (November 1993). "Extended Life, Zero Emissions Seal for Process Pumps". John Crane Technical Report. Routledge. TRP 28017.

Australian Pump Manufacturers" Association. Australian Pump Technical Handbook, 3rd edition. Canberra: Australian Pump Manufacturers" Association, 1987. ISBN 0-7316-7043-4.