mud pump dredging free sample

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The “pond” is actually a man made dam which covers an area of about 40ha and has rockfill embankments of up to 53m high along the southern side that forms the impoundment.  It initially constructed in 1959 to act as a tailings pond to take the bauxite residue (red mud) from the Ewarton Plant situated about 5km away and 300m lower.  The red mud was pumped as a slurry comprising about 20% solids to the pond over a period of about 32 years up to 1991 when the pond was replaced by the Charlemount Mud Stacking and Drying Facility.  During this period the pond embankments (referred to as dams), were raised up to 7 times providing a final crest elevation of 472m.  The pond was however never filled to its final design capacity and the mud beach level remained at about 469m and the central area about 458m leaving a concave depression which held about 1.4mil m3 of water with elevated pH and some caustic content.

The remediation plan for the pond includes the removal of the ponded water and then the regrading of the mud surface to be free draining so that it can be stabilised and vegetated.  About 500,000 m3 of mud will need to be moved over a distance of up to 1km in order to create the required profile.  Due to the very soft nature of the surface muds (shear strength of less than 3kPa) its bearing capacity is less than 20kPa hence it is not accessible using even modified earthworks equipment.  In addition, the muds are thyrotrophic and under any vibration or shear loading, rapidly liquefy resulting in significant reduction in shear strength and loss of bearing capacity.  Using conventional earthmoving equipment would therefore require extensive “floating” haul roads with a high risk of machinery getting stuck or entire plant loss and risk to personnel.  It was therefore decided to investigate the possibility of pumping the in-situ red mud.

A mud pumping trial was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using this technique to do the bulk mud moving.  Pumping red mud is not unusual and the muds were initially pumped up to Mt Rosser Pond.  However, the muds are usually pumped at a solids content of 30% or less.  Once deposited, they can take years to reconsolidate and firm up sufficiently to allow access for light earthworks and agricultural plant.

In addition to the mud pumping, the trial included infilling three small scale geotubes to assess their performance as these may be needed as part of the regrading works.

The main aim of the pump trial was to determine if the muds could be pumped in their insitu state, and if not, what amount of water is required and how the variations in water content affect pump rates.

The mud pumping trial was undertaken using a 4” EDDY Pump.  This pump was recommended due to its ability to handle variable solids and robust operating mechanism.  The pump unit incorporated a hydraulic drive and cutter head.  The unit was mounted onto the boom of a JCB 220 excavator which also supplied the hydraulic feed to power the pump for the required range of 30-40 GPM at 3,500 to 4,000 psi (2428MPa).  The cutter head was powered by a standalone hydraulic power unit capable of providing the required 30gpm at 200psi (1.9 l/s at 13.8MPa).  If mounted on a 30-ton excavator with a System 14 hydraulic system and dual auxiliary feeds to the boom, all necessary hydraulic power for the pump and cutter head can be supplied by the excavator.  This equipment was however not available at the time in Jamaica.

In addition to the pump mounted on the excavator a Long Reach excavator (CAT 325) was used to move muds towards the cutter head but also to loosen up the muds and mix in additional water to facilitate pumping.  Water was added by pumping it directly from the pond using a 3” diesel water pump.

Prior to pumping the muds, the mud pump would operate in recirculation mode in order to prime the pump.  When in recirculation (re-circ) mode, the material pumped would be diverted to a short discharge pipe mounted on the pump directed back parallel to the cutter head. This action would help agitate and stir the muds.

A geotechnical soils investigation was undertaken on the muds within Mt Rosser pond in 2004.  It showed the material to be predominantly clayey silt with approximately 13% sand, 29% clay and 58% silt using conventional sieve analysis and hydrometer.  Atterberg limits indicate that the material is an intermediate to high plasticity clay.  The muds do however vary across the lake and also vertically. This is mainly as a consequence of the deposition process and discharge location.  Close to the discharge location the courser materials would settle out first and the finer materials would disperse furthest and to the opposite end of the pond.  The results are presented in figure 4.1.

Earlier this year, additional mud samples were tested as it was evident that standard soil mechanics tests did not provide an accurate assessment of this fine material.  This was particularly evident in tests done with dry sieving which shows the material as well-graded sand (see results for samples 5300, 5301, 5302 on figure 4.2).  When dispersed in water, even with an agent, the ‘yield-pseudo-plastic’ rheology of the muds appeared to affect the hydrometer results with large variations between tests (see results of samples PFT4&5 taken during mud pumping trials on figure 4.2).

The additional testing comprised of undertaking gradings using a Laser Particle Analyzer. The results indicated that the muds are predominantly Silt although the silt % varied from 30% to 80% with the material being either more sandy or more clayey (up to 15% clay). See results of samples ending in “L” on figure 4.2 below.

Moisture content tests on the muds taken from within the mud pond but below the ponded water ranged from 100% to 150% (50% to 40% solids).  The muds at the pump test location were 137% (42% solids).

Shear strength was generally very low ranging from 1kPa to 6kPa increasing with depth.  Dynamic probes previously undertaken indicated that the muds are “very soft” to 5m increasing in strength slightly to “soft” at a depth of 9m after which they increase to firm becoming stiff.

The pH of the muds ranged from 10.3 to 11.7, (ave 11.2).  Previous testing indicated that the surface muds have the lower pH although once through the crust, the pH tends to be higher. When doing the trials, the muds up to a depth of about 2.5m was intermixed, hence any stratification in pH could not be determined.

Initially, pumping was problematic mainly due to the excavator being underpowered. This was diagnosed as a hydraulic pump problem and the excavator was replaced.  The cutter head (which also acts to protect the intake) tended to blind with mud (Photo 5.1) and was also not providing enough agitation to liquefy the muds.  This was partly resolved by adding “stirrers” (2 steel loops welded either side) to the rotating cutter head and also a “comb” (Photo 5.2) to keep the gaps within the cutter head open.

Mud pumping rates varied from 21 l/s to 52 l/s (332 – 824gpm) and it was clearly visible that the more liquid the muds were the higher the pump rate was.  Samples were taken at different discharge rates and moisture content and percent solids determined by laboratory testing.  The results are plotted in Figure 5.1 and although scattered, do give an indication of the effects of solids content on flow rates.  The natural moisture content of the muds (insitu) at the test location was 137%, or 42% solids.  This is shown in Figure 5.1 as a vertical line.  Pumping muds close to the percent solids was achieved although flow rates were low.

As mentioned previously, the long reach excavator was used to loosen up the muds.  Water was pumped from the pond using a 3” pump into the excavation and the long reach would then work the muds to mix the water in.  The mud pump would then be used in recirculation mode to further mix the muds into a more consistent state.  Even with this mixing and agitation, the water tended to concentrate on the surface. This aided the initial process of priming the pump and once primed thicker muds at 1m to 2m below the surface could be pumped.  However, it was found that the deeper muds tended to be lumpy and this would significantly reduce or stop the flow requiring the pump to be lifted into thinner muds or having to go back into re-circ mode or having to fully re-prime.  The pump discharge was therefore very inconsistent as the suction intake position constantly needed adjustment in an attempt to get adequate discharge but also pump the thickest muds possible.

Discharge of the pumped muds was through 30m of flexible hose then 60m of 4” HDPE pipe which had an internal diameter of about 87mm (3.5”).    The muds were discharged onto the original mud beach which lies at a gradient of about 9%. On deposition the muds slowly flowed down gradient.  At times the flow would stop and the muds would build up then flow again in a wave motion.  The natural angle of repose would therefore be a few degrees less than this – probably 5% to 6%.

Although the muds have very low shear strength, and on agitation liquefy, the sides of the excavation had sufficient strength to stand about 2m near vertical.  Even overnight, there was limited slumping and the bank could be undermined by about 0.5m with the cutter head/agitator before collapsing.

On termination of pumping, in order to flush the pipeline, thin watery muds were pumped until the line was clear. A “T” valve system was then used to connect the 3” water pump line and this was then used to flush the pipe with water.

Three geotubes (1m x 6m) were filled with red muds pumped using the 4” Eddy pump. Fill rates were about 30 to 40l/s although it was difficult to assess as the flow and mud consistence was not visible.

Tube 1 was filled initially with more runny mud and then thicker muds as the pump operator got a better feel for conditions.  The tube was filled until firm.  The second tube was filled with thicker muds and filling continued until the tube was taut.  These two tubes were positioned on the sloping beach in order to form a small “U” impoundment area that would later be filled with pumped muds.  Although the area was prepared, the sloping ground caused the first tube to rotate through about 20 degrees. The tube was staked and the downslope side backfilled.  A more defined bed was created for the second tube and the same rotational issue was limited.  The two filled tubes with the ponded mud are shown in Photos 5.7 and 5.8.  Other than a small leak at the contact between the two geotubes, the ponding of the muds was successful.

The third tube was positioned on level ground. It was filled with medium runny (but consistent thickness) muds and was filled until the tube was taut.

In all three cases, there was very little mud loss or seepage from the tubes.  When stood on, some red water would squeeze out around the pressure area.  Once filled taut, the entire bag would have small red water droplets form on the outside (visible in Photo 5.11) , but the seepage was in general nominal.

The tubes have been monitored and the most recent photo’s taken on 10 October 2011 (6 weeks after filling) show how the tubes have reduced in volume due to the dewatering of the contained muds.  Volume loss is estimated to be around 30%.  The anticipated moisture content would therefore be about 90% and the solids around 53%.

The muds pumped into the trial pond behind the geotubes were medium thick to thick, probably in the order of 37 – 40% solids.  After 6 weeks the mud has not only firmed-up but had dried out significantly with wide and deep surface cracks as are evident in Photo 5.14 and 5.15.

The muds can be pumped at close to their insitu moisture content and most likely at their in-situ moisture content if they were agitated more and the pipeline system was designed to reduce friction losses.

Be able to access the mud surface and move around efficiently and safely. The suggestion is to have the pump mounted on a pontoon that is positioned using high strength rope (dynema) or steel cable.  The pump system should be remotely controlled as this would limit regular movement of personnel on the muds.

Have sufficient power and volume capacity to pump the muds at close to or at in-situ moisture content and discharge them about 1000m through a flexible pipeline.

It was also evident from the trials that the muds do not slump and flow readily.  It will therefore be necessary to have an amphibious excavator to loosen up the muds in the area around the pump head.  This weakened and more liquid mud would also aid the movement of the pump pontoon.  To also limit the amount of movement the pontoon will need to do, the amphibious excavator could also move muds towards the pump location.

Using the capacity of the 4” mud pump, mud moving would take about 1.5 to 2 years, the pump will however need to be more suited to the task.  A target period of 1 year however seems reasonable.  However, prior to this, equipment will need to be procured and imported into Jamaica. The 6 and 10 inch Excavator Dredge Pump Attachments are also being considered as an option for higher GMP and a more aggressive completion timeline.  A preliminary programme is as follows:

Dredge pumps are one of the most robust equipment for moving material. Dredging utilizes these high-powered pumps to transfer solids and liquids through a pipeline over a set distance and often involves working in sensitive or harsh conditions. The dredge pumps are abrasive-resistant, making them ideal for grinding through rocks, sludge, sand, slurry, and many other objects. As a top dredge manufacturer, DAE Pumps provides a variety of options in dredging.

Selecting the correct dredge system is critical for the success of a project. With decades of experience, DAE Pumps manufactures reliable dredge pumps that continuously transfer large solids with little mechanical downtime, and at affordable prices. The open impeller design and powerful suction of the DAE Pumps dredge pumps allow for easy passage of large solids. Thus, our dredge pumps lead the industry in durability and power. The hi-chrome body with a Brinell hardness of 600, offering the ultimate wear protection. They grind through with ease the material that typically clogs, wears, and breaks other dredge pumps.

DAE Pumps dredge pumps can be configured hydraulically, electrically, or diesel-driven to fit all your dredging needs. As a result, we make a variety of dredging systems to choose from. Check out our robust selection of cable-deployed dredge pumps, excavator-mounted dredge pumps, pontoon dredge pumps (mini dredges), and diver-operated dredges and pumps. The versatile cable-deployed and excavator dredge pumps are interchangeable and can be configured to your specific requirement accordingly.

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maelstrom, magnetic azimuth, magnetic declination, magnetic direction, magnetic north, magnetic meridian, maintained channel dimensions, maintenance dredging, major principal stress, management action, man-made island, Manning equation, Manning n value, mariculture, marigram, marine boundary, mascaret, marine protection, research, and sanctuaries act, marine sediment, mark, marker, marker buoy, mark twain, marl, mass unit weight, master, matchbox cutterhead, material rehandling basin, mathematical model, mean current hour, mean diurnal tide level, mean high water (MHW), mean higher high water (MHHW), mean higher high water line (MHHWL), mean low water (MLW), mean low water line (MLWL), mean low water springs (MLWS), mean lower low water (MLLW), mean lower low water line (MLLWL), mean range of tide (MR), mean rise, mean rise interval (MRI), mean river level, mean sea level (MSL), mean sea level datum of 1929, mean sea level datum of 1983, mean Sun, mean tide, mean tide level (MTL), mean time, mean water level (MWL), mean water level line (MWLL), measurement and payment survey, mechanical agitator, mechanical draghead, mechanical dredge, mechanical dredged material placement, median diameter, median grain size, meteorological tides, meteorological visibility, meter, Metonic cycle, microwave survey, midextreme tide, mileage number, mine tailings, minor principal stress, misplaced material, mixed (current), mixed placement (in dredged material placement), mixed (tide), mixing zone, mobilization, modification, moisture content (water content), mole, monitor, month, mooring barge, mooring line, mud, mud draghead, multi-channel receiver, multipath error, multiple-head discharge pipe, multiple ranging (multiranging), multiple tide staff, multiple-transducer (sweep) system, multiplexing channel, multipurpose use, multitransducer hydrographic survey, mushroom

N, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), National Tidal Datum Convention of 1980, National Tidal Datum Epoch (NTDE), National Tide and Water Level Observation Network, nautical chart, nautical depth, nautical mile, naviface, navigable area survey, navigable depth, navigable depth criterion, navigable depth survey, navigable waters, navigation channel, navigation aid (NAVAID), navigational aid, Navigation Cost Recovery Database (NAVDAT), neap range, neap tide, neap tides or tidal currents, nearshore, nearshore berm, nearshore current system, negotiation, neutral stress, new work dredging, Ni hard (nickel hardened), nodal line, nodal point, node, node cycle, nominal depth, node factor(f), nodical month, nominal diameter, nominal range, nonharmonic constants, non-self-propelled dredge, nontidal current, normal stress, normal tide, normal weatherm, normally consolidated soil deposit, North Atlantic current, North Cape current, North Equatorial current, North Pacific current, Norwegian current, notice to mariners, notice to proceed (NIP), nx core

p-code, painter, panel, parallax, parallax inequality, parallax reduction, parameter, Parshall flume, particle shape, passing signals, passing vessels, passing light, patent anchor, patent defect, pay estimate, pay grade (pay template), pay quantities, payment bond, payment survey, peak shear strength, peat, pelorus, penetration resistance, penetrometer, percent complete, percent fines, percent saturation, perch, performance bond, perigean tides or tidal currents, perigee, perihelion, period, permanent current, permanent transponder point, permeability, phase (in surface wave motion), phase, phase inequality, phase lag, phase reduction, phase velocity, pier, pile, pile beacon, pinger, pipe, pipeline, pipe barge, pipe friction, pipe lugs, pipeline dredge, pipeline swivel joint, pitch, placement alternative, placement area, placement area hydrographic survey, placement monitoring hydrosurvey, placement site or area, plain suction dredge, planimeter, plans, plans and specifications survey, plant, plastic limit, plastic pipe, plastic soil, plastic state (plastic range), plasticity, plasticity index, platform, plugging, plume, pneuma dredge, point density measurements, point load index (PLI), point load test, point load tester, point of discharge, pollutant, toxic, pollution, ponding, pontoon, pool, population in quality assurance, pore pressure, pore-volume, pore water, porosity, port hand mark, port, portable dredge, post-dredge hydrographic survey, potential, tide-producing, pre-bid survey, pre-dredge hydrographic survey, precision, preconstruction survey, predicting machine, predredge survey, preferred channel mark, preferred dredged material placement alternative, pressure gauge, pressure gradient force, horizontal, price adjustment, price analysis, pricing data, primary aid to navigation, prime contractor, primary control tide station, primary tidal bench mark, prime mover, priming of tide, principal stress, prism, probings, process control, producer"s risk, production, production meter, profile survey, profit, progress payment, progress payment survey, progress schedule, progressive trenching, progressive wave, project condition survey, project depth, project dimensions, propellers, proposal, proprietary, pseudo-random code, pseudolite, pseudorange, pump casing, pump cavitation, pump cavitation, pump efficiency, pump impeller, pump liners, pump relay, pump thrust, pump vane, pumpability, pumping beyond overflow, pumping to overflow, pump-out hopper dredge, purging systems, put away, put out, pycnocline

race, racon, radar fix, radar, radar reflector, radiational tides, radio beacon, radio beacon buoy, rake, rake angle, random sample, range, range lights, range of tide, range/azimuth positioning, range (coordinate), range/range positioning, ranges, rare species, reach, real time, reasonable value, rebuilt, reconnaissance survey, record of decision (ROD), record of negotiation, recorders (pressure, vacuum, etc.), rectilinear current, reduction factor (F), reduction gears, reduction of tides or tidal currents, reference datum, reference line, reference sediment, reference site, reference station, reflection, regulatory marks, rehandling, relative consistency, relative density, relative water content, relay pump, relocation site (area), remolded soil, remote station/transmitter, remote sensing, removable tooth cutter, replaced, replaced (temporarily), representative sample, required cross-section, required depth, required section, reset, retaining structure, retention time, return water, reversing current, reversing falls, revetment, revetment surveys, review report, rheology, rheometer, rho (pa), rip, rip current (or tide), rippability, rhythmic light, rifled pipe, ripper, riprap, riprap stone, river bed, river buoy, river estuary, riverine, riverine utility craft (RUC), rock, rock box, rock-breaker with freely falling chisel, rock-breaker with powered chisel, rock cutter suction dredge, rock flour, rock mechanics, rock mass, rock quality designation (RQD), roll, root mean square (RMS) positional error, rope meter, rose box, rotary agitator, rotary current, rotary drilling, rules of the road, runoff, runner, runner ribs, runner shrouds, running block, running material, runoff

sacrificial beach, sacrificial berm, saddle, sailing line, saline wedge, saltmarsh, sample, sample increment, sand, sand bypassing, sand dike, sandbar, sandstone, Sargasso Sea, saros, satellite constellation, saturated unit weight, scheduled progress, scoopability, scour, scow, screws, screen analysis, sea turtle draghead, seagrass bed, seas waves, seawall, second reduction, secondary control tide station, secular trend, sediment, sediment basin, sediment bypassing, sediment characterization, sediment cohesive, sediment composition, sediment contaminated, sediment conveyor, sediment discharge installation, sediment fluvial, sediment transport, sedimentation, sedimentation, seiche, seismic amplitude, seismic sea wave, seismic velocity, self-propelled dredge, self-weight consolidation, semidiurnal, sensitivity, sequence of current, sequence of tide, series pump, service barge, set, set (of current), set up, setting a buoy, setting ahead (stepping), setting anchors, setting spuds, sextant, shaking test, shale, shallow muter (coastal engineering), shallow water constituent, shallow water wave, shape of particles, shear force, shear rate, shear resistance, shear strain, shear strength, shear stress (shearing stress) (tangential stress), sheave, shoal, shop barge, shore, shore connection, shore pipeline, shoreface, shoreline, shoreline map, shoreline stabilization, short term modification, shovel, side-caster or boom dredge, side-casting boom, side-casting, sideline winch, sidereal day, sidereal month, sidereal time, sidereal year, side scan sonar, side slope (channel), sieve analysis, sight the anchor, silent inspector, silt, silt curtain, silt screen, silt size, silt trap, siltstone, single point mooring, site maintenance, skeleton tower, slack: ebb begins (slack before ebb), slack: flood begins (slack before flood), slack water (slack), slaking, sled, sleeves, slide, sliding trunnion, slope cut, slough line, sloughing side slopes, slaw switching channel, slug, slugging, slump, slurry, slush, small diurnal range, small tropic range, smoke chart, smooth sheet, snatch block, snub, socioeconomic benefits, socioeconomic considerations, soil (earth), soil additive, soil amendment, soil classification, soil mechanics, soil profile, soil suspension, solar annual constituent, solar day, solar tide, solar time, sole source, solitary wave, solstices, solstitial tides, soluble salts, sonagram, sonobuoy, sound buoy, sound signal, sound velocity, sounding, sounding pole, sounding wells, sounds handling pump, space segment, special clauses, species of constituent, species specific, specific energy, specific gravity, specific gravity of grains, specific gravity of solids, specific speed, specific volume anomaly or steric anomaly, specific volume, in situ, specification, specifications, specimen, speed (of constituent), speed (of current), spider, spider barge, spill barge, spilling, spire, split, split barge/hull, spoil-in dredging, spoil disposal area or site (as in dredging), sponsons, sport fishery, spread spectrum, spreader, spreader plate, spring high water, spring low water, spring range, spring tides or tidal currents, spud, spud carriage, spud frame, spud hoists, spud installation, spud pin, spud well (keeper), spur dike, squat, stabbing, stable berm, stadia, stage, staging area, stand by, stand of tide, standard deviation, standard penetration test, standard penetration resistance, standard positioning service, standard time, standing (stationary) wave, starboard, start/stop points, State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS), static cone penetrometer test, static positioning, station (stationing), station buoy, station-offset coordinate system, stationary wave theory, steam dredge, steerageway, stem, stencils, stepping, steric anomaly, stern, stern connection, sternline winch, steward, sticky limit, stiff line, stiff leg (derrick), still water level, stilling well, stockless anchor, stockpiling, stone, stone box, stoplogs, stop order, store barge, storm surge, strand, stranded, stranding, stray line, strength of current, strength of ebb, strength of flood, stress, striking off or strike removal, strip mine reclamation, strongbacks, stuffing box, subbottom, subbottom profile survey, subcontractor, subcontractor delay, sublethal/chronic toxicity, submerged, submerged lands, submerged line, submersible pump, submersible electric motor, subordinate current station, subordinate tide station, subplan, subsidence, substrate, subsurface investigations, subsurface elevation, suction frame, suction frame hoist (ladder hoist), suction head, suction pipe, suctionability, summer time, sump, sunken, supplemental agreement, surf zone, surface effect ship (SES), surge, survey, survey alignment, survey barge, suspended load, suspended load transport, suspended sediment, suspended solids, suspension of work (constructive), suspension of work (directed), swamp, swath (in survey boat), sway, sweep, sweep rafts, sweep angle (cutter), sweep survey, swell, swell compensator, swing, swing anchor, swing wires, swivel, synodical month, systematic samples, systematic sampling with a random start (in quality assurance), syzygy

waist, walking spud, walkway pipeline, warp, watching properly, water barge, water content, water depth, water hammer, water horsepower, water injection, water injection dredging, water jet booster, water-plasticity ratio, water ratio (hopper dredge), wave celerity, wave crest, wave group, wave period, wave piercer, wavelength, wearing ring, weephole, wheels, white chart, weir (as in dredged material placement), weir jetty, Wentworth classification, wetland construction (creation), West Greenland current, wet unit weight, wetlands, wetland construction (creation), wetland restoration, wharf, whipping, whistle, widener section, winches, wind drift, wind fetch, wind waves, winding gear, windlass, winnow, winter light, winter marker, wire drag, wire sweep, wooded wetland, wreck, wye in pipeline

Problem to solve. In Montana two neighboring Conservation Districts in the Big Sky State forged an innovative partnership. The Missouri and Yellowstone rivers deposit silt and debris throughout the year, and, even when there is normal water flow, irrigators need to clear away debris to use their pumps. The situation is worse in years of drought or low water level. Sometimes irrigators have to trench from their pump sites to the river to access needed water. Traditionally, this has been done with draglines and backhoes (and even dynamite), and the task has become more expensive and problematic each year. Excavated debris and silt was piled on riverbanks. The mounds created could even change the river patterns to create more silt problems.\

Scope of Problem. There are more than 150 pump sites on the Missouri River from Glasgow, MT, to the Montana-North Dakota border, and almost 20 sites along the stretch of the Yellowstone in Richland County. In years of normal precipitation, these sites must be cleaned to be of any use to irrigators, and the problem is worse in times of low water flow. Local, state, and federal agencies were all interested in the solution proposed by the Richland and Roosevelt Conservation reaching available water from rivers is not confined to eastern Montana. There are many regions in North America with a similar problem that could be solved in a similar way. Silt and debris are natural problems for most rivers and streams; their efficient removal makes pumping good water much easier for irrigators Collaboration. “This dredge project is a good example of what Conservation Districts can do when they work together,” comments Vicki Marquis, watershed coordinator for the Missouri River Conservation District Council. “Federal, state, and local entities worked together to pull this off.”

Hydraulic dredges create slurries, combinations of solids and water, pump the slurries to the surface of lagoons, ponds, lakes, waterways, and canals, and then pump the slurries through floating and land based pipe to disposal sites. The hydraulic dredging process can be continuous, as contrasted to intermittent in the case of so-called clamshell dredges.

Basic components of hydraulic dredges include a cutterhead, pump, floatation system or platform, engine or motor, control system, and the discharge system. Cutterheads dig up settled solids in the waterway to be dredged and create slurries. A powerful centrifugal pump mounted directly behind the cutterhead draws the slurry into a discharge piping system, pushes the slurry to the surface, and then to the discharge site, often thousands of feet away from the dredging site. The engine, typically diesel, or electric motor, by means of hydraulic motors and high-pressure hose, transfers the engine’s power to the cutterhead and pump, and in the case of self-propelled dredges, such as a Rotomite-6000, to the dredge’s propulsion system. Hydraulic dredges integrate the foregoing components into a balanced, highly productive and efficient system.

Hydraulic dredges are defined also by the depths to which they can dredge, the volume of water and/or solid material they move, the height to which they can discharge the slurry, the power of the auger (or cutterhead), the hardness and abrasiveness of the slurry, the size of solids the dredge pump can pass, dredging speed, width of dredging cut, the cutting power (torque) of the auger, and the cost of the dredge.

Clamshell/crane dredging systems together with the large barges the systems are operated on can dredge to greater depths, and dispose of the dredged materials many miles away at dumpsites approved by the EPA. But these systems are bulky, noisy, and more costly to buy and operate.

The purpose of pumping a lagoon is to create more capacity for continued use.  Solids on the bottom restrict the amount of room for influents and need to be removed on a periodic basis.

Lagoon Pumping prides themselves in effective agitation and suspension of the solids in the slurry before pumping out to the fields.  Solid levels are dependent on the type of animal waste

Typical animal waste lagoons with a 50-50 top water to solids ratio will produce between 12% to 16% solid content in the slurry.  Pumping solids is very abrasive to the pumps and hoses so

heavy solids will cost more to pump.  However, the cost to remove heavy solids is less than pumping more gallons of effluent with a lower percent of solids.

pumped when the reports become available.  If we have additional water available to thin the lagoon slurry when it becomes too thick to pump we offer a not to exceed 12% solids guarantee.

The best part of our 12% solids guarantee is if the lab reports show we pumped it thinner, you pay the lower price per gallon.  If we pump it thicker than 12%, we

The good aspect of pumping thicker solids is it takes fewer gallons to remove the solids in your lagoon.  In the end, the total job is less expensive than pumping more

gallons at a thinner solid content.  While the cost to pump a gallon of thicker solids costs more, the total job will cost less.  Yes, it will cost less because it takes less gallons of

Our pumping crews can use our pumps to transfer water from one lagoon to another. Or we can provide the hose to bring the make-up water from a irrigation well to the

If a dairy is bedding their cows with sand there usually will be sand found in the manure slurry.  When this happens it will dramaticallydrive up the percent of solids.  Sand settles out of solution quickly and is harder to remove from the lagoon during the pumping process.

However, some sand can be effectively removed by pumping very thick solids.  The thick solids prevent the sand from dropping out of solution as it is being agitated

While it does cost more to pump thicker solids, it will take fewer gallons to clean the lagoon.  The net result is. "it will cost less to clean a lagoon

A common byproduct of water recovery is a dirty liquid that"s often referred to as “dewatering slurry.” This substance can take on many forms, including mud and sand - but all you have left after it dries out are these tiny particles

In this scenario, the dredging slurry enters at the top and flows downward through Dredge Drying Bed, taking on additional water from inside these large spheres as it passes through them. Because of their size, the heavier minerals stay behind in the dredge drying bed while lighter particles flow over the top and pass out to a conveyor belt for further processing.

DMS processes can create up to 95% dry solids from dredging slurry with minimal oversize material remaining – materials that contain recoverable minerals which can be processed into marketable high-value commodities such as stone or gravel.

Dredge dewatering refers to the process of extracting water from dried material after dredging. This process is an important part of dewatering because it has a high overall cost of all processes (DMD and DMS).

Flexibility- It can handle slurry, sludge, and mud. No need to have separate equipment for each flow because this solution provides you with efficiency in all types of flows. Dredge Dewatering Systems can be used with any dredging operation or waterway that needs dredged material dewatered.

Dredge Dewatering Systems can be used to dewater dredge materials from any waterway or dredging operation. These dewatering systems are mostly used for:

Dredge Drying Beds are specially designed for dredging dewatering - they can be installed both overland and overseas. Dredge Drying Beds are used as a final step of drying wet solids that come from dense media separation (DMS) or other dry solids methods.

The unique design allows bulk solid/sludge to be easily discharged from an alternative to settling basins, digging pits, pumping units, and truck loading stations.

Dredge dewatering has less risk - there"s no need for pumps or sludge storage tanks, as water simply flows through Dredge Drying Beds with no additional treatments needed.

U.S. Aqua Services was created to support the dredgingprocess in advancing commerce and responding to its many challenges. To accomplish this, our dredging company assembled an exceptional group of experienced individuals and a diverse inventory of dredge equipment and excavator dredge pumps.

We offer dredging equipment rental services so you can have access to the latest and greatest in dredging technology without having to pay to maintain it, transport, and store it, along with dewatering services.

With an emphasis on mobility, dependability, durability, diversity, efficiency, and safety, our dredging rental company can ensure that our different types of dredging systems are easy to move through any terrain and can work in the most rugged and remote environments. Our multi-function hydraulic systems are built with jetting and mechanical options that can efficiently move loose sediment or stiff layers of clay.