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A pit in the ground to provide additional height between the rig floor and the well head to accommodate the installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes, and so forth. It also collects drainage water and other fluids for disposal.†
The arrangement of piping and special valves, called chokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures encountered during a kick.†
A centrifugal device for removing sand from drilling fluid to prevent abrasion of the pumps. It may be operated mechanically or by a fast-moving stream of fluid inside a special cone-shaped vessel, in which case it is sometimes called a hydrocyclone.†
A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small building used as an office or for storage.†
The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit.†
On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large electric generators. The generators produce electricity that flows through cables to electric switches and control equipment enclosed in a control cabinet or panel. Electricity is fed to electric motors via the panel.†
Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for later connection to the drill string.†
A series of open tanks, usually made of steel plates, through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and sediments to settle out. Additives are mixed with the mud in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before being pumped back into the well. Mud pit compartments are also called shaker pits, settling pits, and suction pits, depending on their main purpose.†
A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections at the well bore and the shale shaker. Drilling mud flows through it upon its return to the surface from the hole.†
A diesel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas, or gasoline engine, along with a mechanical transmission and generator for producing power for the drilling rig. Newer rigs use electric generators to power electric motors on the other parts of the rig.†
A hole in the rig floor 30 to 35 feet deep, lined with casing that projects above the floor. The kelly is placed in the rathole when hoisting operations are in progress.†
Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for later connection to the drill string.†
A mud pit in which a supply of drilling fluid has been stored. Also, a waste pit, usually an excavated, earthen-walled pit. It may be lined with plastic to prevent soil contamination.†
The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and kelly; also called the mud hose or the kelly hose.†
A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick or mast. It joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole.†
The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the use of a kelly and rotary table. The top drive is operated from a control console on the rig floor.†
Unit Drilling has put the first of its newly designed BOSS series, Rig 401, to work in the Texas Panhandle for Unit Petroleum. The 1,500-hp, AC-powered walking rig incorporates several features aimed at reducing the number of loads and increasing mobility, including a ram-raised box-on-box substructure. “What makes it unique is the top sub fits down over the lower sub for transportation,” John Cromling, Executive VP for Unit Drilling, explained. “It’s all hydraulically controlled – the raising, the pinning, etc. There’s not another substructure like this one.”
Excluding tubulars and camp facilities, the rig has 32-34 loads. However, the design of the rig was underpinned not just by a desire to have fewer loads but to manage the loads better, Mr Cromling said. For example, the BOSS rigs have been designed so that rig-up can begin with any part of the rig. “You could begin with the mud pits. You could begin with the substructure. You could begin with the engines. It can rig-up no matter which load arrives first. That facilitates a faster rig-up,” he said.
Throughout the design process, significant focus was also placed on engineering each component and load to minimize the weight, height and width. “When you keep every load under 12 ft wide, that adds to the overall efficiency of the rig,” he said. The rig-up does require crane assistance, although it’s minimal, Mr Cromling added. Overall, he believes the BOSS rig can achieve a 15% quicker rig-up compared with other advanced-technology, fast-moving rigs and up to 40% quicker compared with conventional box-on-box rigs.
The new rig also features two 2,200-hp quintuplex mud pumps, which Unit Drilling opted over triplex versions for higher pump output. “This means we can truly drill most of the horizontal wells with one mud pump, with the second as a standby,” Mr Cromling said.
The company also chose to outfit the rigs with diesel engines with bi-fuel capability, rather than natural gas engines. “We felt like going all gas would limit us in places where field gas isn’t available. Another environmental feature is that the skids underneath the engines and pumps are enclosed and can trap any fluid that might spill. Any fluid is contained within the system to be pumped away to a disposal area,” he commented.
The first BOSS rig began operating in the Granite Wash in Texas’ Hemphill County at the end of March, drilling horizontal wells with 14,500- to 16,000-ft MDs. Since Unit Petroleum is a sister company, Mr Cromling said, it has provided greater flexibility to work out problems throughout the assembly and testing process.
The company is now building four more BOSS rigs, and all but the last one has two-year contracts in place. As of early June, the first of these four was near completion and being prepared for mobilization to North Dakota. The second rig will go to work in the Niobrara in Colorado, and the third unit will operate in North Dakota. “Right now, the goal is to have one rig out every two months,” Mr Cromling said, adding that he hopes to build between eight to 12 new BOSS rigs in the coming year.
In the meantime, the company is investing heavily in training. Unit sees this as a critical aspect to the success of the new rigs, especially because they represent the first advanced-technology rigs in Unit’s 119-rig fleet. “For Rig 401, we had the crews do a mix of hands-on and classroom training for about 60 days, and we expect to continue that for all of these rigs as they go out,” Mr Cromling said. “We see a significant focus from the operators on training, and we’re prepared to invest the time necessary to make sure our people are well prepared for these new technologies.”
Comparing the state of the Chinese shale gas industry today to the state of the US market back in 2005 to 2006, Honghua Group Chairman and CEO Zhang Mi said he believes the Asian giant is at a turning point. Industry is ready to step up the scale of shale development in terms of technology and equipment, but a good government policy will be needed to support operations, he said. “Today’s China is like the US was 10 years ago. It’s at the cusp of a shale gas boom – or actually, I think it’s already booming,” Mr Zhang told DC during an interview at the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston in May.
At the conference, Honghua also signed a three-year agreement for GE Power & Water’s Distributed Power business to supply its Waukesha VHP gas engines to power shale drilling rigs in China.
“We think it’s really going to be a trend in China to provide much more cost-efficient and cleaner power-generation solutions, and we want to become the pioneer in the Chinese market,” he said. The Waukesha gas engines will be fueled by on-site field gas or with commercial-grade gas to generate 2.8 to 3 megawatts of on-site power. The engines provide options to run almost any gaseous fuel from 950 to 2,600 BTU, including hot field gases, commercial-grade gas, LNG, CNG and up to HD-5 propane, according to GE. Waukesha units are being shipped to China, and the company expects the first pilot rig to begin operations in September.
Mr Zhang said he believes that as many as 100 rigs will be drilling for shale gas in China by year-end, mostly in the Sichuan Basin. This development will be critical as natural gas takes on a greater role in the worldwide energy mix and has been a significant motivator for Honghua to develop natural gas-supplied power-generation technologies.
Similar to the switch to natural gas for drilling, Mr Zhang also foresees the same trend for hydraulic fracturing equipment in China. “Our design will be using gas engines to drive those equipment so the whole application will become much more environmentally friendly and more cost-effective.” Honghua said it would rely on outside technologies, through partners such as GE, to realize the centralized power distribution system.
In the US, as well, he sees the switch to natural gas for drilling applications as inevitable, with bi-fuel kits being a good bridging solution. “Right now the reason that a lot of existing drilling applications are using bi-fuel instead of replacing their current existing diesel engines with gas engines is the cost is very high. It’s also a step-by-step process – you can’t replace everything at once. But with the growth in the natural gas supply, eventually natural gas providing power generation will be the final solution.”
Under a new corporate strategy focused on financial discipline, Chesapeake Energy expects to stay at an operational level of approximately 60 to 80 rigs per day, CEO Doug Lawler said at the 2014 IADC Drilling Onshore Conference in Houston in May. Although this is a significant change from previous years – when the operator was running as many as 175 rigs – Mr Lawler said he still expects to achieve a strong 9-12% production growth rate. “From 2012 to 2013, we reduced our operating expenses by about 15% and are expecting continued improvements there by about another 10%,” he added.
As of mid-May, Chesapeake was running between 60 to 65 rigs per day in the US. Capital expenditure for the year was expected to range from $5.2 billion to $5.6 billion. “In 2013, we significantly reduced our capital and brought that down to a level that was much closer to our cash flow. We’re very pleased with the progress that has been made,” Mr Lawler said.
Under a growth plan called “2×3,” Concho Resources is expecting to ramp up its drilling activities in the Permian Basin in order to double its production by 2016. Further, most of this expected growth will come in the form of horizontal-drilling rigs, Ray Peterson, VP of Drilling for Concho, said at the 2014 IADC Drilling Onshore Conference in Houston in May.
“All in all, we expect to end the year with 35 rigs and 31 of them drilling horizontal wells. This is a big change for Concho. If we look back about a year and a half, you would see just a handful of horizontal and some 30-odd vertical rigs that were drilling at the time,” he said.
The horizontal trend is not limited to Concho, however. Mr Peterson noted that the Permian Basin has gone from a total of 360 rigs in Q1 2011, when only 13% of the fleet was drilling horizontally, to 551 total rigs now. “About 58% of the rigs are horizontal. That’s where the growth is coming from,” he said, adding that the phenomenal comeback the Permian is making is only expected to continue over the next few years. Daily oil production has already passed 1.5 million BOE this year and could reach 2 million BOE in a few more years, he said. “It’s an oily basin, but what’s so surprising is it’s still got a lot of places to drill for gas, too. It’s a great place to be.”
“We are doing more with fewer rigs. That’s a good thing for us,” he said, adding that drilling contractors shouldn’t perceive this as a negative. “I think there is still plenty of opportunities. Fewer days on the well and better efficiencies are things that are going to benefit all of us in the long term.”
Concho is using a variety of rig types, including older mechanical rigs, across its four major operating areas within the Permian, Mr Peterson said. In the New Mexico Shelf area, where the company is drilling shallow TVDs and 1-mile laterals, “a 750-hp mechanical kelly rig is taking care of us and doing a very good job.” In the Northern Delaware Basin, “we’re seeing 1,600-hp pumps on 1,000-hp rigs, and that is working for us. Some have top drives, and some don’t.”
For some extended-lateral wells where the MD reaches 20,000 ft, 1,500-hp SCR and AC rigs with top drives are brought in. These newer-type rigs are also used in the Southern Delaware Basin, where 1.5-mile laterals are the standard. Finally, in the Midland Basin, Concho uses a mix of 1,000-hp mechanical rigs and 1,500 SCR/AC rigs with top drives. “We have enjoyed a wide variety of rigs. That’s what has made it work.”
Concho is also working with 16 different drilling contractors for the 33 rigs it currently has under contract, including several of what Mr Peterson called niche players. “It’s nice to be able to have that variety, but we still want everyone that works for us to focus on safety… This is still a people business. Anybody can buy iron, but it takes people to be a contractor.”
Greg Guidry, Shell Executive VP, Upstream Americas Unconventionals, shared a different perspective that focused on engagement with the public, noting that he sees more overlap between the unconventionals and deepwater in terms of public acceptance than in terms of technology. “If we don’t get it right in terms of the acceptance of our activity, then it gets very tough for the technology to have the opportunity to work,” he said.
So far, 21 videos have been generated, such as “Realities of Drilling” and “Shale Gas 101.” “Anyone can use these because they’re free. You can pull them right off the website, and you can use these to actually create a dialogue with those who are uncertain about whether they like or dislike the activity,” he said. “You’re not going to appeal to the bottom 10% who are campaigners or who absolutely will never accept it, but what we found is it creates quite an interesting dialogue with those who are influenceable one way or the other.”
The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.
The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.
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⊙Original brand:Emsco、Gardner-Denver, National oilwell, Ideco, Brewster, Drillmec, Wirth, Ellis, Williams, OPI, Mud King, LEWCO, Halliburton, SPM, Schlumberger, Weatherford.
As a China top oil drilling rig solids control system manufacturer: GN Solids Control now list the top 10 oil drilling rig manufacturers for your reference.
equipment in China, is the earliest established, largest and most powerful oil drilling rig and production equipment developer and manufacturer under CNPC, the largest research and production base of land rigs and series mud pumps in the world, and also the largest and most powerful base for R&D and production of wire ropes for special purposes in China.
Lanzhou LS-National Oilwell Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd. (LS-NOW for short) is a Sino-American Joint Venture established between Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Equipment and Engineering Group Corporation (LS Group) and National Oilwell International, Inc. (NOI). Scope of business: design, develop and manufacture complete land and offshore drilling rigs and workover rigs, and provide equipment package, components, fittings, parts and full services.
Main products: serial drilling rigs that are electrical or mechanical or electrical-mechanical compounded driven and suitable for different applications such as land, shallow, offshore and desert and meet the requirements of drilling and workover services. The drilling depth ranged from 1000 to 9000 meters.
Sichuan Honghua Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd., established in 1997, is a subsidiary of Honghua Group which has been listed successfully in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. The company has been engaged in research, design, manufacturing and general assembly of oil drilling rig and equipments for oil exploration and development. Now it is the world’s second land drilling rig manufacturer, and China ‘s largest exporter of drilling rigs.
The company owns five subsidiaries totally in home and abroad, with 3600 employees. Company headquarter is located in Deyang City, Sichuan, a heavy-duty equipment base in China, which covers an area of about 1,000 mus, and with more than 2,200 employees, annual output of 150 drilling rigs and 600 mud pumps etc. Its production capacity is up to 8 billion RMB production scale.
The company produces mainly various land drilling rigs for drilling 1000m to 9000m wells and offshore drilling modules– DC drive drilling rig, AC VF electric rig, mechanical drilling rig, composite drive rig, trailer mounted rig and independent RT electric drive drilling rig, as well as their matched equipments, i.e. drilling pumps, traveling block system, solid control system, electric control system etc.
RG PETRO-MACHINERY (GROUP) CO. LTD is one of the largest manufacturers for petroleum drilling rig equipment in China. It is a stock company, reorganized from Nanyang petroleum machinery plant (former No.2 Petroleum Machinery Manufacturing Plant of National Petroleum Industrial Ministry of China). As a former national technical equipment production base, authorized by former national economic and commercial committee of China, RG PETRO-MACHINERY (GROUP) CO. LTD has become a company for national new product trial production of China, light-duty drilling rigs production base of SINOPEC and a high-tech enterprise in Henan Province.
RG PETRO-MACHINERY (GROUP) CO. LTD, with its technical center, information center and quality inspection center at provincial level, has possessed 16 production plants for forging, metal machining, heat treatment, steel-structure manufacturing, general assembly, painting and new product trial production, and 3 comprehensive testing sites for drilling rigs as well as 2 Sino-American joint ventures and 2 share-holding joint ventures.
SJ Petroleum Machinery Co. , one of petroleum drilling rig and production equipment backbone manufacturers and Manufacturing Base for National Key Equipment (Workover, Cementing and Fracturing Equipment) recognized by National Economy and Trade Commission, has provided lots of advanced equipment to domestic customers in lieu of expensive imported equipment, and played an important role in increasing profits of petroleum industry and decreasing domestic oilfield development cost.
Our company Shandong Kerui Holding Group is located in Shengli Oilfield the second largest oilfield in China. Our company arranges a wide range of businesses covering the scientific research and manufacture of the petroleum drilling equipment and oilfield engineering technical service. The main products manufactured and supplied include drilling equipment, Oil pumping equipment, Special equipment for oilfield, Oilfield tubing system and auxiliary machines and tools. We can manufacture various workover rigs and drilling rigs with drill depth from 3000m to 9000m. All products meet API standard. Our company has been granted API Certificate, ISO 9001: 2000 Quality System Certificate, HSE Certificate, and also got International Petroleum Engineering Management qualification certificate issued by the Ministry of Commerce of China.
The main products manufactured and supplied include oil drilling rig equipment, Oil pumping equipment, Special equipment for oilfield, Oilfield tubing system and auxiliary machines and tools. We can manufacture various workover rigs and drilling rigs with drill depth from 3000m to 9000m. All products meet API standard. Our company has been granted API Certificate, ISO 9001: 2000 Quality System Certificate, HSE Certificate, and also got International Petroleum Engineering Management qualification certificate issued by the Ministry of Commerce of China
(shanghai) petroleum equipment co., ltd. is established on august 2001. the 3h is the first rig manufacturer that introduces ship-building technology to the fabrication of petroleum equipment.
Shengli Oilfield Highland Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd Established in 1992 was a private incorporated manufacturer of petroleum equipments located in Dongying city, Shandong province, the PRC. Through many years development, the company had been recognized and become well-known in petroleum industry achieved the superior position in the field of scale, product quality, technology ensuring and selling service and so on in petroleum equipment manufacturing in China. It possesses 3.5 billion RMB of total assets, owns more than 1,980 thousand square meters of plant area, China’s state-approved high-tech enterprise, China’s patent star enterprise, Shandong Province top 100 and excellent enterprise, Shandong Province unique petroleum equipment R & D center and over 370 engineers and technicians and 150 contracted noted specialists in ceeusro field.
Drilling Rig: Highland Company Drilling Rig Plant has advanced key facilities and assembly workshops for manufacturing rigs and it has enough test sites for assembling 12 sets of large scale drilling rigs at the same time,5 series (ZJ20~ZJ70, including 18 types) of drilling rigs have been developed and manufactured. These developed and manufactured products consist of mechanical drive, DC driven, AC VF drive and Electromechnical drilling rigs, which can handle the well with depth of 1500- 7000m in most of the large oilfields both at home and overseas.
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