drilling mud pump valves free sample

Explore a wide variety of mud pump valves on Alibaba.com and enjoy exquisite deals. The machines help maintain drilling mud circulation throughout the project. There are many models and brands available, each with outstanding value. These mud pump valves are efficient, durable, and completely waterproof. They are designed to lift water and mud with efficiency without using much energy or taking a lot of space.

The primary advantage of these mud pump valves is that they can raise water from greater depths. With the fast-changing technology, purchase machines that come with the best technology for optimum results. They should be well adapted to the overall configuration of the installation to perform various operations. Hence, quality products are needed for more efficiency and enjoyment of the machines" full life expectancy.

Alibaba.com offers a wide selection of products with innovative features. The products are designed for a wide range of flow rates that differ by brand. They provide cost-effective options catering to different consumer needs. When choosing the right mud pump valves for the drilling project, consider factors such as size, shape, and machine cost. More powerful tools are needed when dealing with large projects such as agriculture or irrigation.

Alibaba.com provides a wide range of mud pump valves to suit different tastes and budgets. The site has a large assortment of products from major suppliers on the market. The products are made of durable materials to avoid corrosion and premature wear during operations. The range of products and brands on the site assures quality and good value for money.

Explore a wide variety of mud pump valve on Alibaba.com and enjoy exquisite deals. The machines help maintain drilling mud circulation throughout the project. There are many models and brands available, each with outstanding value. These mud pump valve are efficient, durable, and completely waterproof. They are designed to lift water and mud with efficiency without using much energy or taking a lot of space.

The primary advantage of these mud pump valve is that they can raise water from greater depths. With the fast-changing technology, purchase machines that come with the best technology for optimum results. They should be well adapted to the overall configuration of the installation to perform various operations. Hence, quality products are needed for more efficiency and enjoyment of the machines" full life expectancy.

Alibaba.com offers a wide selection of products with innovative features. The products are designed for a wide range of flow rates that differ by brand. They provide cost-effective options catering to different consumer needs. When choosing the right mud pump valve for the drilling project, consider factors such as size, shape, and machine cost. More powerful tools are needed when dealing with large projects such as agriculture or irrigation.

Alibaba.com provides a wide range of mud pump valve to suit different tastes and budgets. The site has a large assortment of products from major suppliers on the market. The products are made of durable materials to avoid corrosion and premature wear during operations. The range of products and brands on the site assures quality and good value for money.

My invention relates to valves of the character employed in mud pumps or other pumps adapted to pump fluid mixtures containing abrasive materials, and relates particularly to an improved form of such valve capable of longer periods of uninterrupted use than valves which are at present employed in pumps of this character.

Mud pump valves of the character to which my invention relates are subject to very rapid wear owing to the presence of abrasive materials, such -as fine particles of rocks, quartz, or sand contained in the drilling fluid or mud, and therefore must be replaced after comparatively short periods of use. Such valves ordinarily include a seat member consisting of an annular ring with a sealing seat near the upper end thereof and a spider structure across the lower portion thereof, and a valve element including a body of metal adapted to strike against the spider when the valve element is in lowered or relatively closed position and a sealing member on the metal body adapted to engage the sealing face of the seat member and prevent leakage of fluid through the valve when the valve is in its closed position. It is an object of my invention to provide a valve of the above character of simple construction yet being capable of giving a greater period of service than valves of complex structure.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a valve which may be used for abrasive subo5 stances and which may be also employed in pumps for circulating other fluids, such as crude oils.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be made evident throughout the following part of the specification. Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only, Fig. 1 is a partly sectioned elevational view showing a mud pump equipped with valves embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary cross section showing one of the valves in closed position.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a form of my invention adapted for use in other types of pumps, such as oil pumps. Fig. 7 is a section on a plane represented by the line 7-7 of Fg. 2.

In Fig. 1 I show a reciprocating pump 10 having a pumping cylinder I in which a piston 12 is reciprocated by a steam powered engine 13. The rightward portion of the pump 10 is sectioned so as to show discharge valves 14 which are connected with the opposite ends of the cylinder II so that as the piston 12 is reciprocated, fluid will be forced upwardly from the respective ends of the cylinder into an outlet chamber 15 which in mud pumps is connected through a rotary hose to the rotary drilling string.

Above the spider 20 the annular wall 18 is formed with an annular sealing surface 24. This sealing surface is shown as preferably flaring outwardly and upwardly at a comparatively steep angle; or the sealing surface may have no taper but be cylindrical as will be later described with reference to Fig. 5, it being the steep angle of the sealing surface that greatly contributes to the improved operation and wear resisting qualities of my new valve. The valve body I1 is in the form of a metal enlargement 25 having a lower abutment area which includes abutment surfaces adjacent both"the axis and the periphery of said enlargement and adapted, when the valve is closed, to engage the upper face of the hub 22 and the radial arms 21 which constitute the spider. The abutment surface of the enlargement 25 which is adjacent the periphery thereof engages the abutment formed by the arms 21 adjacent and extending inwardly from the annular wall 18, and the abutment surface of the enlargement 25 which is adjacent the axis thereof engages the abutment formed by the hub 22 adjacent the axis of the valve. The enlargement is equipped with guide means in the form of upwardly and downwardly projecting axial stems 26 and 27 of Sthe character commonly employed in mud pump valves. On the upper face of the body IT is a sealing member 30 consisting essentially of a flat disc of yieldable material, such as rubber or rubber compound, having an opening 31 therein through which the stem 26 projects, the sealing member 30 being held in place on the body 1I by a flange member 32 which is held down against the upper face of the sealing member 30 by means of a pin 33 extended through the stem 26. The sealing member 30 is of such external diameter that it will enter the space enclosed by the surface 24 as the closure member T1 moves from the open position in which it is shown in Fig. 3 to the closed position in which it is shown in Fig. 2. As the member I7 moves to closed position fluid pressure within the chamber 15 is exerted downwardly against the annular upwardly directed surface 34 of the sealing member 30 exposed around the flange 32, such pressure compressing the rubber or yieldable material of the peripheralportion of the sealing member 30 against the upper face of the body 17 and causing the periphery of the sealing member 30 to be expanded or deformed radially outwardly so as to be confined within and radially contact the surrounding annular wall surface 24. The sealing member 30 is shown with a shallow peripheral groove 35 so as to form the semblance 7 of a lip 36, but for some uses satisfactory results may be obtained where the upper face of the sealing member 30 is left flat.

In Fig. 5 the wall surface 24a is shown cylindrical for a portion of its length and slightly flared at its upper end. In Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the wall surface 24 is shown comparatively steeply upwardly flared for the purpose of self-adjustment of the parts as the upper face of the support or spider wears down due to the repeated hammering of the body 17 thereagainst during the operation of the pump. Accordingly, in the preferred practice of my invention the wall surface 24 may have such a comparatively steep angle that the annular peripheral engagement surface of the sealing member is adapted to be radially expanded and confined within the annular wall surface 24, and moves relative to surface 24 in the direction of closing movement of the valve so as to permit ready dislodgement of abrasives rather than trapping the same between the surfaces 24-37; and the wall 24 may be flared at such a steep angle as to compensate for the wear between the surfaces 24 and 37 and between the bottom of the body 17 and the upper face of the support 20. As the stopping position of the body 17 moves downwardly as the result of the last named wear, the sealing member, which has worn slightly, assumes a stopping position relative to a lower portion of the wall surface 24 of slightly reduced diameter.

In Fig. 6 I show an alternative form of my valve having a seat member 16 of a form identical with the illustration thereof in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. In this form of the invention, however, the sealing member 30 is replaced by a dished or cupshaped sealing member 50 having a circular wall 51 and an upturned, slightly upwardly flared lip or wall 52 which provides an outer surface 53 adapted to enter the annular wall surface 24 and to be forced outwardly by fluid pressure against the upper and inner faces of the lip 52. The sealing member 50 may be made of leather and may be held in place on the body 17 by use of a flat metal disc 54 of a size to fit under the holddown flange 32. This alternative form of my invention isespecially designed for use in high pressure oil pumps or high pressure pumps for transferring other liquids. The same wiping action between the surfaces 24 and 53 of the members 16 and 50 may be accomplished, and the pounding effect due to the high pressure on the upper face of the movable valve part is received by the spider or support 20.

The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

This present invention is directed to drilling wellbores in the earth, to systems for pumping drilling fluid (“mud”) for such operations, to mud pumping system modules with surge suppressing dampeners, and to methods of their use. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED

Known references disclose a wide variety of drilling systems, apparatuses, and methods including, but not limited to, the disclosures in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,944,547; 6,918,453; 6,802,378; 6,050,348; 5,465,799; 4,995,465; 4,854,397; and 3,658,138, all incorporated fully herein for all purposes. Prior references disclose a wide variety of drilling fluid pumps (“mud pumps”) used in drilling operations and pump systems, for example, and not by way of limitation, those pumps and systems disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,257,354; 4,295,366; 4,527,959; 5,616,009; 4,242,057; 4,676,724; 5,823,093; 5,960,700; 5,059,101; 5,253,987; in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/833,921 filed Apr. 28, 2004(all said U.S. references incorporated fully herein for all purposes). Known references disclose a variety of dampeners, accumulators, and surge suppressors; including, but not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,299,253; 4,195,668; 2,757,689; 2,804,884; 3,674,053; 3,169,551; 3,674,053; 3,162,213; 2,380,866; 2,378,467; 2,397,248; 2,397,796; and 2,773,455—all incorporated fully herein for all purposes.

A drill bit carried at an end of a drillstring is rotated to form wellbores in the earth. Certain drillstrings include tubulars which may be drill pipe made of jointed sections or a continuous coiled tubing and a drilling assembly that has a drill bit at its bottom end. The drilling assembly is attached to the bottom end of the tubing or drillstring. In certain systems, to drill a wellbore, the drill bit is rotated (e.g., by a top drive, a power swivel, a rotary table system, or by a downhole mud motor carried by the drilling assembly). Drilling fluid, also referred to as “mud,” is pumped through the wellbore under pressure from a pit or container at the surface by a pumping system at the surface.

In certain known mud pump systems, suction and discharge modules have valves therein that selectively control fluid flow through the module in an intake (suction) mode in which piston apparatus creates a vacuum drawing drilling fluid into the module and in an output mode (Discharge) in which the piston apparatus creates pressure forcing drilling fluid out of the module. In the suction mode, a suction valve opens allowing drilling fluid into the module while a discharge valve remains closed. In the discharge mode, the pressure of the drilling fluid closes the suction valve and opens the discharge valve.

Both valves, the suction valve and the discharge valve, are subjected to the erosive and damaging effects of the flow of drilling fluid. The drilling fluid contains drilled cuttings and debris which can erode valve parts (e.g. seats, stems, valve members, seals, guide bushings, insert, liners, wear plates etc.). Also, mud pumps which can pump relatively hot drilling fluid at, e.g., 500 to 2000 gallons per minute, force the erosive drilling fluid against the valve parts at high velocities which add to the fluid"s damaging effects.

In many valves used in mud pump systems, a guide in the valve which is disposed across a flow path or guide fingers extending from a valve member into a valve seat guide a valve member so that valve member seats correctly and effectively against the valve seat. In many valves, the valve seat surface against which the valve member (or poppet) seats is, ideally, flat; and the surface of the valve member which sealingly abuts the flat seat surface of the valve seat is, correspondingly, and ideally, flat. A guide or guide fingers facilitates correct seating of the valve member"s flat seating surface against the valve seat"s flat seat surface. If either surface is not flat, or if one surface does not contact the other in a substantially parallel (flat surface to flat surface) manner, ineffective or inefficient valve operation may result.

The erosive and/or damaging effects of drilling fluid flow through a valve can damage the seating surfaces so that the ideal flat-surface-to-flat surface seating is not achieved. Also, the drilling fluid can damage a guide (e.g. ribs and a channel for receiving a stem or rod projecting from a valve member) or guide fingers so that the ideal surface seating is not achieved. In some instances, damage to a guide or to guide fingers results in a flat valve member surface contacting a flat seating surface at an angle so that effective valve closure is not possible or so that the valve is insufficiently closed for efficient operation. In some aspects, erosive drilling fluid flow renders initially-flat seating surfaces non-flat with resulting ineffective sealing and valve closure.

In many known mud pump valves, the valves are opened and closed by mechanically creating a vacuum or fluid pressure increase in the valve that overcomes a spring to allow a valve member to move. The movement of the valve member is not controlled, i.e., it is subject to a surge of fluid under pressure. As fluid pressure builds up to move a valve member, a corresponding amount of fluid builds up adjacent the valve. when the pressure is high enough, a relatively large charge of fluid goes through the valve at high velocity. This surge of fluid can have deleterious effects on valve parts. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in at least certain embodiments, discloses systems for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the systems having: a pump apparatus; the pumping apparatus having a body with a pumping chamber, an inlet and an outlet; a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet; a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet; and a dampener system according to the present invention in fluid communication with the pumping chamber.

Such a pump system according to the present invention, in one aspect, includes: a base; a housing connected to the base, the housing having an interior; a liner within the housing, the liner expandable in response to fluid pressure; a piston/cylinder apparatus in fluid communication with the housing; the piston/cylinder apparatus having a movable piston movable in response to fluid flowing from the housing to the piston/cylinder apparatus; a torsion apparatus movably connected to the base, the piston movable to contact and to move the torsion apparatus in response to fluid flowing from the housing to the piston/cylinder apparatus; and the torsion apparatus movable by the piston from a first static position to a second position to dampen pulsations of fluid into the pumping chamber.

In one aspect, a pumping system according to the present invention has a dampener system according to the present invention which includes: a housing, the housing having an interior; a deformable bladder within the housing, the deformable bladder in fluid communication with the pumping chamber; and the deformable bladder deformable in response to pressure variation in the pumping chamber.

The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, dampeners for drilling fluid pumping systems which suppress and/or eliminate the damaging effects of undesirable pulsations or surges of drilling fluid passing through the systems. In certain aspects, the dampener has a liner with liquid therein which expands and contracts in response to the pressure of drilling fluid passing through a pumping system.

The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, dampeners for drilling fluid pumping systems in which the dampener has a liner with liquid therein which expands and contracts in response to the pressure of drilling fluid passing through a pumping system. In certain aspects, a dampener according to the present invention has a torsion apparatus that absorbs and then releases energy to facilitate the dampening of drilling fluid surges. In other aspects, a dampener system according to the present invention has an inflatable bladder surrounded by an expandable spring member, both the bladder and the spring member responsive to drilling fluid surges to suppress deleterious effects of such surges.

The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, modules for a drilling fluid pumping system which include a dampener for suppressing and/or eliminating the damaging effects of undesirable pulsations or surges of drilling fluid passing through the modules. In certain aspects, the dampener is within a block of the module that also contains suction and discharge valve assemblies within a module block.

The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, a drilling fluid pumping system, also known as a mud pump system, for pumping drilling fluid or mud used in wellbore operations which has pumping modules with valves that have non-flat seating surfaces. In certain aspects, such valves have a valve member or poppet that is movable with multiple degrees of freedom in any of which effective seating of the valve member against a valve seat is achieved. In particular aspects of such a valve, dual sealing is achieved by sealing of a valve member against both a valve seat and against a seal disposed in a valve seat.

In certain particular aspects of a mud pump system according to the present invention, a mud pump valve has a tapered spring biased against a valve member which enhances the free seating movement of a valve member.

The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, valves for a system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the valves having: a seat with a valve seat surface; a valve member with a member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the member surface against the valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat; a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member. In certain aspects, the present invention discloses a system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the system having: a pump apparatus; the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet; a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet; a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet; and a dampener within the body for inhibiting pulsations of fluid pumped from the pump apparatus In certain valves according to the present invention a valve actuator is used which is pneumatically powered without certain mechanically moving parts used in prior valves.

Accordingly, the present invention includes features and advantages which are believed to enable it to advance pumping system technology. Characteristics and advantages of the present invention described above and additional features and benefits will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following description of preferred embodiments and referring to the accompanying drawings.

What follows are some of, but not all, the objects of this invention. In addition to the specific objects stated below for at least certain embodiments of the invention, other objects and purposes will be readily apparent to one of skill in this art who has the benefit of this invention"s teachings and disclosures. It is, therefore, an object of at least certain preferred embodiments of the present invention to provide new, useful, unique, efficient, nonobvious dampener systems for drilling fluid pumping systems and methods of their use;

FIG. 2F is a perspective view, partially cutaway, of a pump module according to the present invention with valve assemblies according to the present invention.

The system 500 shown in FIG. 1 includes a derrick 502 from which extends a drillstring 504 into the earth 506. The drillstring 504, as is well known, can include drill pipes and drill collars. A drill bit 512 is at the end of the drillstring. A rotary system 514, top drive system 526, and/or a downhole motor 532 (“fluid motor”, “mud motor”) may be used to rotate the drillstring 504 and the drill bit 512. A typical drawworks 516 has a cable or rope apparatus 518 for supporting items in the derrick 502. A mud pump system 522 according to the present invention with one, two, three-to-ten, or more mud pumps 521 according to the present invention each with pumping modules with one or two valves according to the present invention supplies drilling fluid 524 to the drillstring 504. Drilling forms a wellbore 530 extending down into the earth 506. Each mud pump 521 has at least one valve 501 according to the present invention or (as shown in FIG. 1A schematically) multiple pumping modules 503 each with a suction valve 505 according to the present invention and a discharge valve 506 according to the present invention. Each mud pump 521 has a main crank shaft 521 c.

During drilling, the drilling fluid 524 is pumped by pump(s) 521 of the mud pump system 522 into the drillstring 504 (thereby operating a downhole motor 532 if such an optional motor is used). Drilling fluid 524 flows to the drill bit 512, and then flows into the wellbore 530 through passages in the drill bit 512. Circulation of the drilling fluid 524 transports earth and/or rock cuttings, debris, etc. from the bottom of the wellbore 530 to the surface through an annulus 527 between a well wall of the wellbore 530 and the drillstring 504. Cuttings and debris are removed from the drilling fluid 524 with equipment and apparatuses not shown, and it is re-circulated from a mud pit or container 528 by the pump(s) of the mud pump system 522 back to the drillstring 506. Also, some desirable solids may be added to the drilling fluid.

A system 10 according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B has a main housing 12 mounted on a base 8 with an optional crane system 20 for lifting and moving system parts. A pedestal 21 of the crane system 20 is rotatably mounted on a bearing assembly 22 on the housing 12. A lift apparatus 23 is movably mounted on a beam 24 and a support 25 extends down from the lift apparatus 23. A chain hoist lift may be used with the structure shown which is attached to the support 25. Motors 14 each drive pinions 16 which in turn drive a drive gear 18 (see FIG. 3C) to move pistons 19 for six removable pump modules 650 (as described below; may be any module disclosed herein and/or may have any valve assembly or valve assemblies disclosed herein). A pressure relief apparatus (e.g. one or more relief valves) is provided for the modules 650 and, as shown, in one aspect, for each of the six modules 650 there is a pressure relief valve 13. Optional rails 15 project up from the housing 12.

An oil pump 2 pumps lubricating oil to various parts of the system. A water pump 4 pumps water to a filtration system (not shown) and a cooler (not shown). The pumps are mounted on pump mounts 8 bconnected to the base 8. Doors 3 and 5 (one each for each pump system 30) provide access to various internal parts of the system 10. Drilling fluid enters the system 10 through an inlet 7 and is pumped out via the modules 650 to a main outlet 9.

The modules 650 have a body 602 with a first bore 602 aand a second bore 602 b. A discharge valve assembly according to the present invention is in the first bore and a suction valve assembly according to the present invention is in the second bore. With a piston fluid is pumped into a chamber 652 of the module 650 via an inlet port 604 and is discharged from the module 650 into a discharge conduit 634 via an outlet port 606.

FIG. 2F shows the relative positions of two valve assemblies 100 a, 100 b(like the valve assembly 100) according to the present invention as they are present in a block of a mud pump module. The valve assemblies 100 a, 100 b(which may be any valve assemblies disclosed herein) are in bores 642, 643, respectively, in a block 644. The block 644 can be used in a system like that of FIG. 2A.

FIGS. 2G-2I show two valve assemblies 100 x, 100 y(like the valve assembly 100 a, FIG. 9A; may be any valve assembly according to the present invention) as they are disposed in a block B (shown in dotted line; may be any suitable block or body; including, but not limited to, the body 602 or block 644 referred to above) of a mud pump system. Fluid is sucked in by action of the suction valve assemblies 100 xthrough a suction inlet 400 and discharged by action of the discharge valve assembly 100 ythrough a discharge outlet 402. The fluid is received in a pumping chamber 404.

Fluid pumped from the chamber 404 can impact parts of the discharge valve 100 x. Optionally, an accumulator/dampener 410, positioned within the block B, is in fluid communication with the pumping chamber 404. The accumulator/dampener 410 reduces undesirable pulsations of fluid under pressure from the pumping chamber 404. Any suitable known accumulator/dampener may be used.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a valve assembly 100 according to the present invention which can serve as a suction valve or a discharge valve for a mud pump system (e.g., but not limited to, the suction valve assembly 680 and the discharge valve assembly 630 described above; or the suction valve 100 xand the discharge valve 100 ydescribed above). FIG. 4 shows top portions of the valve assembly 100.

The poppet 114 is movable toward and away from a valve seat 160. The valve seat 160 has a channel 162 for fluid flow therethrough. The poppet 114 selectively closes off and opens up the channel 162 to fluid flow. Part of the channel 162 is sized and configured for the poppet 114. A surface 166 of the valve seat 160 is positioned to seal against the tapered of the surface 136 of the poppet 114. Optionally, there are no guide fingers projecting from the poppet 114 (although it is within the scope of the present invention to use them); and there are no arms or ribs across the valve seat (it is unobstructed) for receiving and stabilizing a rod, stem or neck projecting from a poppet; and there is no rod, neck or stem projecting from the poppet. Thus, flow through the channel 162 is unobstructed by such parts which are present in many prior valves.

FIG. 6 shows one embodiment, a spring 120 a, of a spring 120. As compared to prior known spring designs, the spring 120 ahas a spring body with a smaller spring diameter, a, and with a higher spring force; but the wire diameter is relatively large, e.g. 0.22 inches, which results in the higher spring force. Use of an actuator like the actuator 130, FIG. 5, makes it possible to use a spring with the increased spring force (with the increased wire diameter). The overall diameter, b, of the spring 120 ais relatively smaller than prior springs because the spring 120 adoes not have to accommodate the relatively large necks of certain prior valve members. Certain prior mud pump valve springs reached a known resonant frequency (e.g. about 40 Hz to 43 Hz) creating poppet oscillations that resulted in an improperly seated poppet and in fluid pulsations transmitted downstream of a valve assembly. Due to its size and weight, the spring 120 ahas a higher natural frequency than those prior springs which resonate around 40 Hz and, thus, more force is required to resonate the spring 120 a. In certain aspects the spring 120 (or 120 a; or the spring 120 b, FIG. 7A) is sized and configured so its natural resonant frequency is about 25% higher than that of certain known springs (e.g., in one aspect 50 Hz vs 43 Hz). This reduces the chance of flow-induced resonance in the valve assembly with such a spring; provides better, more stable control of the valve assembly"s poppet; and provides more positive seating of the poppet against the valve seat.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate steps in the operation of a valve assembly 100 (which has a spring 120 b, although any suitable spring may be used). As shown in FIG. 8A, air under pressure has not yet been applied within the hose 132 and the and the spring 120 burges the poppet 114 into sealing contact with the seal 169 and with the valve seat 160. The valve assembly 100 is closed to fluid flow therethrough. Fluid pressure also forces the poppet against the valve seat. On the discharge side of the valve seat at the beginning of the pumping/compression part of a cycle, the spring 120 band the fluid within a discharge manifold pushes the poppet 114 against the seat. This continues until the pressure within the discharge manifold drops below the pressure within the pumping cylinder and/or until the actuator 130 is commanded to open. On the suction side, the fluid within the pumping cylinder pushes the poppet 114 against the seat 160 again during the compression part and until the actuator 130 is commended to open the valve. When the “muscle” of the actuator 130 is not expanded, there is residual air trapped between the commanding valve and the actuator 130. The pressure of this trapped air is close to the pressure that existed in this line at the moment of exhausting the air and closing off the valve"s exhaust port. When the actuator is flexed, there is air at a pressure that is sufficient to open the valve, e.g. 110 psi. The actuator and air lines are filled in order to decrease the actuator"s response time—the time to respond to a commanding pressure. If the actuator is completely empty or, with, e.g. air at atmospheric pressure, it will take slightly longer for the actuator to respond, because when such a high pressure is applied the cavity would have to be filled with air first, then compress the air just introduced to a high enough pressure to barely stretch the hose 132 and only after that will the hose 132 change its length or respond to a commanding pressure.

As shown in FIG. 8B, air under pressure from an air supply 200 (with a proportional control valve 200 p) has been applied within the hose 132 causing it to expand and pulling the cable 128 away from the valve seat 160. In so doing, the poppet 114 is moved out of sealing contact with the seat 160 and the seal 169 of the valve seat 160 and the valve assembly is opened to fluid flow permitting fluid to flow into and out from a mud pump module housing the valve assembly.

It is advantageous that the poppet is part of the valve cartridge. During assembly, when the pump is assembled for the first time, it is much easier to have a preassembled valve cartridge and, without adjustments, to insert and bolt it in and have it immediately become functional. Moreover, in servicing the valve, it is much easier to extract the entire cartridge, versus bits, individual parts, and/or pieces. In certain current designs, a poppet/valve has a pseudo cartridge design in the sense that the valve has no restricting elements to keep it attached to the cartridge. In other words, the cartridge can be loosely put together prior to assembly and it can be inserted as a cartridge being secured to the body by bolts. However, if during this assembly process, or later on during servicing the valve, this cartridge is turned upside down, the valve itself can become loose and fall to the ground.

Often in such prior systems there is no element like a snap ring to secure the valve to the cartridge. It is also advantageous that the seal is part of the valve housing. It is easier to have the seat part of a block that can be preassembled to the pump and, later on, during a later step in manufacturing, to bolt on to it a subassembly like the valve cartridge.

In certain current designs, valves have two parallel surfaces. Often these surfaces form a seal that is part of conical bodies; i.e. the seal has a conical machined surface against which is pushed a poppet. The poppet"s sealing surface is also conical so that, at every instance, the seat"s and poppet"s sealing surfaces are parallel. During discharge, when the two bodies are separating and, thus, allowing the fluid to flow from the pumping chamber into the discharge manifold, the fluid is squeezed in between these flat surfaces. During this phase the fluid"s velocity can be greatly increased as it passes from a large cross section of the pumping chamber into a small one with parallel surfaces of the valve"s passage way. Moreover, because there is no controlling actuator, such a valve can open suddenly when the fluid"s pressure exerts onto the valve"s face a force slightly higher than that developed by the spring acting on the opposite face. As the fluid leaves at high velocity, it enters into a larger cross section that is the discharge manifold The high velocity and energy fluid acts almost like a piston in this case and pushes an adjacent block of fluid along the discharge line. This sudden move of a significant block of fluid can create a “bang” or a specifically loud noise almost like a pounding. This repeated banging/pounding can have detrimental effects on the drill line or other equipment.

In certain valve assemblies according to the present invention, the flat parallel surfaces are replaced by curved ones. Additionally, there is a controlling actuator that can open the valve before pressure in the pumping chamber reaches a value high enough to counteract the spring and, thus, to open the vale. Pressure at which the fluid leaves the pumping chamber is greatly reduced. Being formed in between two curved surfaces, the valve"s passage way flow characteristics do not impart a high velocity/energy to the fluid stream. Consequently, the fluid enters and leaves the discharge manifold and line respectively in a more dispersed manner. There is no “bang” as in certain previous valves because the fluid does not flow in discrete “blocks”.

The control system CS controls the air supply 200 and, thus, controls the valve assembly 100. This is in contrast to prior valves in which fluid flow opens and closes the valve. In one aspect, the control system controls the speed with which the parts move and thereby controls the speed of opening and of closing off the valve. Using appropriate software programming of programmable media in the control system, the control system controls an electro proportional valve control (e.g. the valve 200 p. FIG. 8B) that, in turn, controls the amount of air that enters or leaves the actuator 132. Consequently, the control system controls how fast, how long and how much the valve is opened. Gradual opening and closing is possible which reduces pressure pulsations. Each pump shaft (crankshaft) may have a speed sensor in communication with the control system (e.g. a sensor 521 s, FIG. 1). In systems with electric motors that drive the crankshaft(s), the motors are commanded through software in the control system and the same speed control signal can be broadcast to the control system. A dedicated speed sensor or a linear displacement transducer installed in every cylinder provides information for a closed loop control system (usable, e.g., to diagnose a pump in case of failure). With valve assemblies according to the present invention, the valves are not connected to the crankshaft.

The control system has programmable media, e.g. in a computer, computers, and/or PLC(s). In one aspect, the control system is preloaded with a program that includes a defining equation and a curve fitter. The defining equation is a function of pump shaft speed. The curve fitter compares the curve generated by the defining equation with an “ideal” curve desired to drive the valve The ideal curve usually represents the valve"s speed, or acceleration, or opening and/or, a different relevant parameter plotted versus time. The output from the control system drives a proportional valve, a valve that controls the actuator 130, e.g., in one aspect, supply air into a FESTO (TRADEMARK) “muscle”. Thus, the valve being actuated closely follows the preprogrammed curve/equation and the valve opens or closes at a certain velocity or acceleration, or that it opens at a certain rate over the duration of a pumping cycle. The opening or closing rate can be constant or variable. That is, the valve can start opening at a certain low rate followed by a higher rate followed by a different rate, and so on.

In one aspect, during a cycle the valve tends to follow a certain bell-shaped curve. Thus, the valve starts opening at a low rate followed at the very next instance by a slightly higher rate and in the next instance by an even higher rate and so on. All this is followed on the descending side of the curve by a lower rate followed by a slightly lower rate and so on until the valve closes. By introducing or expelling fluid into or from the pumping chamber at certain times the pump"s behavior is changed or the pump"s flow is measurable.

The mechanical equivalent of controlling a valve"s opening rate is a cam. The cam, through its profile, controls how fast and in what relationship relative to another element, e.g. a crankshaft, the valve will open or close. In other words, it controls the valve"s rate (displacement versus time). However, a cam"s profile can not be changed very easily because it is cut in metal. A practical method is to introduce a hydraulically actuated push rod or cam follower in between the cam and valve. Thus, the rate can change at will within a limited range. In the control strategy according to the present invention there is no piece of hardware/cam that limits the valve"s rate. Consequently, in the proposed actuation and control strategy, the desired curve can be changed on the fly as long as the controller, e.g. a computer or PLC, can accept/support it. Programmability makes this equivalent to an infinitely variable profile cam shaft and the pump"s output flow and vibration can be controlled. (An undesirable consequence of output flow in certain prior systems is component failure, e.g. due to cavitation.)

With the curved mating sealing surfaces of the valve seat and poppet, any contact results in an effective seal. Pressure fluctuations generated in or by prior art valves are reduced or eliminated and valve control reduces pressure fluctuation in the discharge line during pump operation.

Systems according to the present invention provide a fail safe mode. If a valve assembly according to the present invention that is inserted fails, then, for safety reasons, the pump continues working at either reduced or normal parameters until it is safe to stop it for service. In systems according to the present invention, if the actuator fails, e.g. if the muscle fails, it breaks or bursts, the valve will operate unrestricted (e.g. as a current known design valve). Thus, the pump can continue working at almost the same parameters until it is safe to stop it.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show a valve assembly 100 a, like the valve assembly 100 (like numerals indicate like parts) with a spring 120 band a poppet 114 a. The poppet 114 ahas a nose 114 nprojecting from a poppet body 114 b. The nose 114 nprojects into the flow channel 162 of the valve seat 160. In certain aspects, in systems according to the present invention the surface on the valve seat becomes, advantageously, more elastic. In a seal, two surfaces or edges are pushed against each other by a force. This acting force can be perpendicular to or at an arbitrary angle relative to the sealing surfaces. In systems according to the present invention the sealing bodies are the rubber seal and the poppet in one instance and, the seat itself and the poppet in a second instance. During a valve closing cycle, the first seal occurs in between a rubber O-ring and poppet. The acting force is axial relative to the poppet, but it is at an angle relative to the edge of contact between the two curved surfaces of the O-ring and poppet respectively. When the two bodies come into contact, at the point of contact, the vector components of this acting force are a normal to curved surfaces component and a tangential to curve components. This tangential component will stretch the rubber (the over hanging part of it) instead of purely compressing it. With the rubber O-ring being surrounded/supported by the seat"s rigid body, the rubber will take a very high force in compression as the normal-to-curved surfaces vector component. The rubber becomes difficult to compress when it is surrounded by a rigid wall. Thus a mechanical maze is formed and, thus, the fluid encounters a high flow resistance. There is a sequence of high pressure (inside the pumping chamber), followed by a no flow area (where the rubber O-ring contacts the poppet), followed by a low pressure area (right after the rubber seal) and finally, followed by a no flow area at a contact between the poppet and the seat. Also, the shape of the deformed rubber O-ring at the leading edge toward the impinging fluid does not allow the fluid to enter in between the poppet and seal.

FIG. 9E illustrates pressure distribution of an incoming flow E around the poppet 114 a. High pressure elastic fluid cushions D that surround and stabilize the poppet 114 a. The incoming flow E has a smooth transition around the nose 114 mof the poppet 114 aand the ensuing flow sticks (binds to or tends to flow along adjacent a curved surface) to the curved poppet surfaces. A reverse flow C will not suffer a sudden change in direction, but a gradual one (e.g. as illustrated by the curved arrows W of the flow C at the back of the poppet). In certain prior valves such a flow hits a poppet"s back surface and flows at or near a ninety degree angle to the back of the poppet. Wobbling of the poppet 114 ais reduced or eliminated and it will maintain a stable position with its vertical axis concentric with that of the tubular within which it is positioned.

The present invention, therefore, provides in at least some embodiments, a system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the system including: a pump apparatus; the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet; a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet; a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet; each of the suction valve and the discharge valve having a seat with a curved valve seat surface and a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat. Such a system according to the present invention may have one or some (in any possible combination) of the following: a seal recess in the curved valve seat of each of the suction valve and the discharge valve, a seal positioned in each seal recess so that resonating of the seal is inhibited, each valve member movable to seat against a corresponding seal; wherein each valve member has a range of freedom of movement for effecting seating against an adjacent corresponding curved valve seat surface (and, in certain aspects, against a seal in the valve seat), the freedom of movement including the ability to move not just toward and away from the valve seat but at an angle thereto; wherein each valve member has a spring urging the valve member against the curved valve seat surface; wherein the spring has a spring body with a first end and a second end, the first end in contact with the valve member, the first end tapering from the spring body; each valve having a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member; wherein the valve actuator is interconnected with the valve member via a cable; the valve actuator includes a selectively expandable hose for moving the valve member; an air supply for supplying air to the valve actuator, and a control system for controlling the air supply to selectively open and close the valve; a ball movably mounted within each valve member, the cable connected to the ball and to the valve actuator, the valve member movable with respect to the ball; each valve member has a rounded nose and a curved tapered outer surface so that fluid flow contacting the nose and curved tapered outer surface forms stabilizing fluid cushions around the valve member; each valve member has a back surface, a portion of the fluid flow onto the nose and curved outer surface gradually changes direction on the back surface; wherein the seat has a flow channel adjacent the curved valve seat and the valve member is movable to close off flow through the flow channel and wherein the flow channel is unobstructed; and/or wherein each valve member has a spring urging the valve member against the curved valve seat surface, each spring having a top end with at least one curved spring projection, a spring mount within the valve member, the at least one spring projection movably connected to the spring mount to facilitate freedom of movement of the valve member with respect to the curved valve seat surface and/or a dampener within the body for inhibiting pulsations of fluid pumped from the pump apparatus.

The present invention provides systems for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the systems having: a pump apparatus, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet, a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet, each of the suction valve and the discharge valve having a seat with a curved valve seat surface and a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat, a seal recess in the curved valve seat surface of each of the suction valve and the discharge valve, a seal positioned in each seal recess so that resonating of the seal is inhibited, each valve member movable to seat against a corresponding seal, each valve having a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member.

The present invention provides a method for pumping fluid, the method including: sucking fluid into an inlet of a pumping apparatus of a system, the system comprising a pump apparatus, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet, a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet, each of the suction valve and the discharge valve having a curved valve seat surface and a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat; and with the pump apparatus, pumping fluid into the inlet and then out the outlet. The present invention provides wherein such a system, in certain aspects, that has a seal recess in the curved valve seat of each of the suction valve and the discharge valve, a seal positioned in each seal recess so that resonating of the seal is inhibited, each valve member movable to seat against a corresponding seal, the method further including seating each valve member surface against a corresponding seal; and/or wherein each valve has a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and each valve has a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member, the method further including actuating each of the suction valve and the discharge valve with the valve actuator.

The present invention provides a method for pumping fluid, the method including: sucking fluid into an inlet of a pumping apparatus of a system, the system having a pump apparatus, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet, a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet, each of the suction valve and the discharge valve having a curved valve seat surface and a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat, wherein each valve member has a range of freedom of movement for effecting seating against an adjacent corresponding curved valve seat surface; with the pump apparatus, pumping fluid into the inlet and then out the outlet; controlling fluid flow in through the inlet with the suction valve; and controlling fluid flow out the outlet with the discharge valve.

The present invention provides a method for pumping fluid, the method including: sucking fluid into an inlet of a pumping apparatus of a system, the system including a pump apparatus, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet, a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet, each of the suction valve and the discharge valve having a curved valve seat surface and a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat, each valve having a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member; with the pump apparatus, pumping fluid into the inlet and then out the outlet; and with the valve actuator selectively operating the suction valve and the discharge valve.

The present invention provides a valve for a valve assembly for a pump apparatus of a system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, the valve for disposition in one of the inlet and outlet for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture, the valve including: a seat with a curved valve seat surface, a valve member with a curved member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the curved member surface against the curved valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat. Such a valve may have a seal recess in the curved valve seat surface, a seal positioned in the seal recess, the valve member movable to seat against the seal.

The present invention provides a valve for a system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the valve having: a seat with a valve seat surface, a valve member with a member surface, part of the valve member movable to seat the member surface against the valve seat surface to prevent the flow of the drilling fluid mixture past the valve seat, a cartridge stem positioned with respect to the valve member, and a valve actuator within the cartridge stem for selectively moving the valve member.

The present invention provides system for pumping a drilling fluid mixture, the drilling fluid mixture containing drilling fluid and solids, the system having: a pump apparatus, the pumping apparatus having a body with an inlet and an outlet, a suction valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture in through the inlet, a discharge valve in the body for selectively controlling flow of the drilling fluid mixture out through the outlet, and a dampener within the body for inhibiting pulsations of fluid pumped from the pump apparatus.

FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C show a mud pump module 780 according to the present invention with a suction valve assembly 782, a pumping chamber 784, a suction inlet 786, a discharge valve assembly 788 and a discharge outlet 792. A connection 787 connects the module 780 to a pumping cylinder. The valve assemblies are in a module block 794 shown schematically in FIGS. 13A and 13B as the

Dampener systems inhibit or prevent (“dampen”) undesirable fluid pulsations. Discharge valve assemblies, surrounding parts, downstream pipe lines, line supports, mud motors, pressure signals, and other parts can be subjected to damaging fluid pulsations. The pumping mechanism typically has a crank and one or more pistons and corresponding push rods. Regardless of the actual number of pistons, the mechanism"s motion obeys the dynamics law of a single piston and crank mechanism in which the piston"s velocity and acceleration have a sinusoidal variation over the length of a stroke. These two parameters will vary in opposite phase relative to each other, but they have a gradual variation over time. The fluid that enters or leaves the pumping chamber will try to follow these gradual variations. However, friction, inertia and turbulence or resistances to flow oppose to this gradual movement. As the operating speed or the rotating speed of the crank is increased, the opposing forces will increase too. As a critical speed is reached, the opposing/resisting forces are high enough to slow down the fluid so that it can not maintain contact with the piston"s surface. Thus, a void is formed in the column of fluid. Cavitation or fluid boiling takes place if the pressure in the fluid column is not higher than the vapor pressure. The piston"s velocity is zero at either end of the stroke with a maximum at midstroke. Acceleration on the other hand, is maximum at the ends with a minimum at piston"s midstroke. Thus, during a stroke, the piston will accelerate and decelerate a block or volume of fluid. Simultaneously, inertia and fluid flow resistances will increase and decrease in a slight asynchronism with velocity. Thus, the fluid is still accelerating as the piston slows down past its midstroke. Consequently, the fluid continues rushing into the pumping cylinder because of inertia as the piston slows down past its midstroke. Suddenly, the column of fluid comes to an abrupt stop as it hits the piston and its movement slows down even further because it approaches its stroke end. This process results into a sudden pressure rise or spike. The rate at which the pressure spike rises or decreases is generated by factors like pipe sizing, number and shape of fittings along the pipe, the mud"s nature, weight and temperature, as well as the valve"s flow capacity and the friction between the fluid and surrounding walls and bodies.

The suction valve assembly 782 sucks fluid (drilling mud) through the suction inlet 786 into the pumping chamber 784. Upon discharging of this fluid from the pumping chamber 784 by the action of the discharge valve assembly 788, the discharge valve assembly and parts thereof can be subjected to damaging fluid pulsations. The dampener system 700 reduces or eliminates the damaging effects of these pulsations. In effect, a dampener system provides an expansion volume where fluid can rush in during a pressure spike, or an extra source of fluid in addition to the main source. This makes possible a more uniform volume flow through the block with mud surges suppressed or eliminated. The dampener system also stores energy that is returned into the system during a depression or negative pressure variation inside the valve block or downstream pipe string.

FIGS. 14A-14C show the bottle 702. Recesses 703 around the surface of the bottle 702 hold hydraulic fluid or oil which can flow via a recess 705 to and out from (and into) the connection 706. The circumferential recesses 703 enhance fluid flow from around the liner into the main connection 706 and finally into the housing 720. An expanded liner under pressure would block or restrict fluid flow if the interior surface would be smooth without these circumferential recesses. This would occur because under higher pressure the liner would expand until its ridges would come into full contact with the housing. Thus, the fluid between the liner"s two adjacent lobes/recesses would not be expelled into the main recess 705 and further down into the proportional valve and finally into the housing 720. Consequently, the dampener"s function would be negatively affected because it would not be able to expel the required amount of hydraulic fluid and at the required rate in order to accommodate the mud"s instantaneous pressure variations. It is the hydraulic fluid or oil pushed from the bottle 702 that acts on the piston 723.

FIGS. 16A-16D illustrate the dampener system 700 under pressure (i.e., subjected to the pressure of fluid in the pumping chamber 784). This pressure has expanded the liner 710, pushing fluid to the valve assembly 704, and through the valve assembly 704 to the piston-cylinder apparatus 720 moving the piston 723 which, in turn, has rotated the arm 731 of the torsion apparatus 730 on the shaft 738 deforming some of the rubber elements of the torsion apparatus 730.

FIGS. 18A-18D show a mud pump module 802 according to the present invention in a block 804 (shown schematically to include valve assemblies 806, 808; a pumping chamber 805; a suction inlet 807; a discharge outlet 809; and a dampener system 810 according to the present invention).

The dampener system 810 is shown in FIGS. 19A-19E. Via a line 812 a bladder 820 of the dampener system 810 is in fluid (drilling mud) communication with the pumping chamber 805. The system 810 has a housing 814 with a top cover 816; an intermediate cover 818; the bladder 820 a spring 822; a valve assembly 830; and a ring 824.

The pressure of the mud in the bladder is the pressure of mud in the pumping chamber 805. This pressure is continuously measured using a pressure transducer 836 in the block 804. The pressure transducer 836 is in communication with a control module 838 (e.g. the control system 832, FIG. 19A). The drilling"s mud pressure is continuously monitored through the pressure transducer 836 and this pressure [value expressed in e.g., in a scaled voltage (V volts) or milliamperes (ma) per psi or other appropriate unit of pressure measurement] is entered into the control module 838. The control module"s output is a PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) signal that, in turn, controls the valve assembly 830. This PWM signal is inversely proportional to the mud"s pressure. Thus, as the pressure increases, the control module 838 sends a lower signal. Conversely, as the pressure decreases, the control module 838 sends a higher signal. Additionally, the valve assembly 830 is normally closed, meaning that no fluid flows through it when it is not powered. In other words, the proportional valve partially opens when a lower signal (or current) is applied and it fully opens when a higher current (or signal) (PWM signal) is applied. Consequently, when a very high pressure is sensed inside the valve block 804, the control module 838 sends a low level PWM signal to the valve assembly 830 and the valve will not open at all or it opens only a minute amount. The amount that the valve will open at this stage depends on a pre-established threshold. By slightly releasing the pressure on the oil side, the rubber bladder 820 will be able to deform and, thus, accommodate an instantaneous pressure variation on the mud side. As the pressure on the mud side decreases, the control module 830 sends a high signal that opens the valve even further. However, when the pressure wave is on the reverse side and increases inside the valve block 804, the control module 838 sends a lower signal and the process continues. By controlling the threshold at whic