mud pump offshore drilling free sample

The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

Created specifically for drilling equipment inspectors and others in the oil and gas industry, the Oil Rig Mud Pump Inspection app allows you to easily document the status and safety of your oil rigs using just a mobile device. Quickly resolve any damage or needed maintenance with photos and GPS locations and sync to the cloud for easy access. The app is completely customizable to fit your inspection needs and works even without an internet signal.Try Template

If you are supplying pump supplies, you can find the most favorable prices at Alibaba.com. Whether you will be working with piston type or diaphragm type systems, reciprocating or centrifugal, Alibaba.com has everything you need. You can also shop for different sizes drilling mud pump price wholesale for your metering applications. If you operate a construction site, then you could need to find some concrete pump solutions that you can find at affordable rates at Alibaba.com. Visit the platform and browse through the collection of submersible and inline pump system, among other replaceable models.

A drilling mud pump price comes in different makes and sizes, and you buy the tool depending on the application. The pump used by a filling station is not the one you use to fill up your tanks. There are high flow rate low pressure systems used to transfer fluids axially. On the other hand, you can go with radial ones dealing with a low flow rate and high-pressure fluid. The mixed flow pump variety combines radial and axial transfer mechanisms and works with medium flow and pressure fluids. Depending on what it will be pumping, you can then choose the drilling mud pump price of choice from the collection at Alibaba.com.

Alibaba.com has been an excellent wholesale supplier of drilling mud pump price for years. The supply consists of a vast number of brands to choose from, comes in different sizes, operations, and power sources. You can get a pump for residential and large commercial applications from the collection. Whether you want a water pump for your home, or run a repair and maintenance business, and need a supply of dr drill mud pump prices, you can find the product you want from the vast collection at Alibaba.com.ther it is for refrigeration, air conditioning, transfer, or a simple car wash business, anything you want, Alibaba.com has it.

Cavitation is an undesirable condition that reduces pump efficiency and leads to excessive wear and damage to pump components. Factors that can contribute to cavitation, such as fluid velocity and pressure, can sometimes be attributed to an inadequate mud system design and/or the diminishing performance of the mud pump’s feed system.

When a mud pump has entered full cavitation, rig crews and field service technicians will see the equipment shaking and hear the pump “knocking,” which typically sounds like marbles and stones being thrown around inside the equipment. However, the process of cavitation starts long before audible signs reveal themselves – hence the name “the silent killer.”

Mild cavitation begins to occur when the mud pump is starved for fluid. While the pump itself may not be making noise, damage is still being done to the internal components of the fluid end. In the early stages, cavitation can damage a pump’s module, piston and valve assembly.

The imperceptible but intense shock waves generated by cavitation travel directly from the fluid end to the pump’s power end, causing premature vibrational damage to the crosshead slides. The vibrations are then passed onto the shaft, bull gear and into the main bearings.

If not corrected, the vibrations caused by cavitation will work their way directly to critical power end components, which will result in the premature failure of the mud pump. A busted mud pump means expensive downtime and repair costs.

To stop cavitation before it starts, install and tune high-speed pressure sensors on the mud suction line set to sound an alarm if the pressure falls below 30 psi.

Although the pump may not be knocking loudly when cavitation first presents, regular inspections by a properly trained field technician may be able to detect moderate vibrations and slight knocking sounds.

Gardner Denver offers Pump University, a mobile classroom that travels to facilities and/or drilling rigs and trains rig crews on best practices for pumping equipment maintenance.

Severe cavitation will drastically decrease module life and will eventually lead to catastrophic pump failure. Along with downtime and repair costs, the failure of the drilling pump can also cause damage to the suction and discharge piping.

When a mud pump has entered full cavitation, rig crews and field service technicians will see the equipment shaking and hear the pump ‘knocking’… However, the process of cavitation starts long before audible signs reveal themselves – hence the name ‘the silent killer.’In 2017, a leading North American drilling contractor was encountering chronic mud system issues on multiple rigs. The contractor engaged in more than 25 premature module washes in one year and suffered a major power-end failure.

Gardner Denver’s engineering team spent time on the contractor’s rigs, observing the pumps during operation and surveying the mud system’s design and configuration.

The engineering team discovered that the suction systems were undersized, feed lines were too small and there was no dampening on the suction side of the pump.

Following the implementation of these recommendations, the contractor saw significant performance improvements from the drilling pumps. Consumables life was extended significantly, and module washes were reduced by nearly 85%.

Although pump age does not affect its susceptibility to cavitation, the age of the rig can. An older rig’s mud systems may not be equipped for the way pumps are run today – at maximum horsepower.

It may be impractical to flush system piping during drilling operations. However, strainer screens should be checked daily to remove any debris or other flow restrictions.

THIS OFFSHORE DRILLING CONTRACT (this “Drilling Contract”) is made and entered into as of this 5th day of August, 2013 (the “Effective Date”), by and between COBALT INTERNATIONAL ENERGY, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Operator”), and ROWAN RELIANCE LIMITED, a company formed under the laws of Gibraltar (“Contractor”).  Operator and Contractor may hereinafter be referred to individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”.

WHEREAS, Operator operates oil and gas leases in federal waters on the Outer Continental Shelf in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (the “Area of Operations”) (and other areas as may be mutually agreed upon by the Parties by amendment hereto), for which Operator desires to contract an ultra-deepwater drillship for the purpose of drilling oil and gas exploration, appraisal and/or development wells;

WHEREAS, Contractor’s Affiliate, Rowan Deepwater Drilling (Gibraltar) Limited, a company formed under the laws of Gibraltar (“Rowan Gibraltar”), has under construction at Hyundai Heavy Industries, South Korea, a new-build, dynamically-positioned (“DP”) ultra-deepwater drillship of the GustoMSC P10000 design, to be known as ROWAN RELIANCE (as further described in Appendices hereto) and to be registered in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (the “Flag State”), with drilling and other equipment and personnel to drill wells for Operator as provided herein;

WHEREAS, the new-build, DP drillship ROWAN RELIANCE and associated equipment appurtenant thereto as set forth in Appendix C (collectively, the “Rig”), shall be capable of operating in the Area of Operations in conformity with all applicable laws and any requirements of Governmental Authorities, in water depths up to 12,000 feet and of drilling to a measured depth of 40,000 feet and shall be certified “DPS-3” “A1E” by the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”);

WHEREAS, no later than seven (7) days after the Effective Date, Operator, Contractor and Contractor’s novatee (as set forth in the Deed of Novation) (“Novatee”) shall execute and deliver an agreement substantially in the form of Appendix G, to be effective as of the date of the Rig’s arrival in the Area of Operations (the “Deed of Novation”), assigning and transferring specified Contractor’s rights, obligations and liabilities under this Drilling Contract in respect of the Work to be performed in the Area of Operations to Novatee;

WHEREAS, to induce Operator to enter into this Drilling Contract, contemporaneously with the execution of this Drilling Contract, Contractor shall cause its parent entity, Rowan Companies plc, a company incorporated under the laws of England, to execute and deliver to Operator a deed of guarantee, in the form of Appendix H and effective as of the Effective Date (the “Deed of Guarantee”), guaranteeing all present and future obligations and liabilities of Contractor due, owing or incurred under this Drilling Contract or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby.

(w)“Designated Well” means any well designated by Operator to be drilled, tested, completed or, as necessary, plugged and abandoned by Contractor in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Drilling Contract, including any sidetrack or re-drill or re-completion thereof.

(x)“drill” or “drilling” or “drilled” means drilling, running casing, geological or mechanical sidetracking, completing, working-over, intervention, deepening, testing, pre-drilling surface holes, a relief well, batch setting casing strings, installation of sub-sea equipment, or plugging, abandonment and related activities, as appropriate, unless specified otherwise.

(hh)“Force Majeure” means any event that: (1) renders a Party unable to comply with its obligations under this Drilling Contract, and/or renders Operator unable to drill a Designated Well; (2) is beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party; (3) does not result from the fault, negligence or intentional act of the affected Party or such Party’s failure to comply with applicable law or Good Industry Practices; and (4) could not have been avoided by the affected Party through the exercise of proper diligence including the expenditure of reasonable monies and/or taking reasonable precautionary measures, including (to the extent that such events satisfy the foregoing criteria), the following:

(jj)“Good Industry Practices” means, in respect of the Work:  (a) the exercise of that degree of skill, diligence, prudence and foresight that reasonably would be expected from a reputable and prudent deepwater offshore drilling contractor in performing the Work or providing services similar to the Work and under conditions comparable to those applicable during performance of the Work in accordance with good deepwater oilfield practice; and (b) acting in accordance and compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

(qqq)“Senior Supervisory Personnel”means, with respect to Contractor, any director or officer of Contractor or one of its Affiliates, and any individual who functions for Contractor or one of its Affiliates at a management level equivalent or superior to any individual functioning as Contractor’s Offshore Installation Manager (as required by applicable law), but excluding all individuals functioning at a level below such Offshore Installation Manager.

(cccc)“Work” means the drilling and all other services, material, equipment, supplies, and personnel required to be performed, provided or furnished by Contractor pursuant to this Drilling Contract.

(a)All references in this Drilling Contract to Appendices, Articles, Sections, subsections and other subdivisions refer to the corresponding Appendices, Articles, Sections, subsections and other subdivisions of or to this Drilling Contract unless expressly provided otherwise.  The Appendices referred to herein are attached hereto and by this reference incorporated herein for all purposes.

(b)Headings and titles appearing at the beginning of any Articles, Sections, subsections and other subdivisions of this Drilling Contract are for convenience only, do not constitute any part of this Drilling Contract, and shall be disregarded in construing the language hereof.

(c)The words “this Drilling Contract,” “herein,” “hereby,” “hereunder” and “hereof,” and words of similar import, refer to this Drilling Contract as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section, subsection or other subdivision unless expressly so limited.

(d)Wherever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Drilling Contract, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limiting the foregoing in any respect.”

(b)If, after the Effective Date, ABS or a Governmental Authority makes any revisions or additions to its requirements applicable to the Rig, compliance with which is required to preserve the Rig in the class certification of “DPS-3” “Maltese Cross A1E” or for the continued efficient use of the Rig under this Drilling Contract, Contractor undertakes to notify Operator of (i) the nature and extent of such change, (ii) the latest date (taking into account, with respect to Governmental Authority or classification society requirements, any extension available to Contractor) by which such compliance with such change will be necessary, and (iii) the estimated time which will be required for carrying out such change.

(h)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Drilling Contract (but subject always to Section 17.3), the rig construction contract for the Rig, or the procurement contracts for the BOPs, neither the exercise nor the non-exercise (nor anything done or not done in the exercise or non-exercise) by Operator of any respective right to monitor the Rig or her construction, or the BOPs or their construction, or any right of inspection or attendance or otherwise (including the receipt and review of any plans, drawings or instruction manuals relating to the Rig or any parts thereof, including the BOPs) in relation thereto shall (i) create or impose any obligation or liability whatsoever on any member of Operator Group with respect to the Rig or her construction, or the BOPs or their construction, (ii) in any way affect or alter Operator’s obligations or liabilities under this Drilling Contract, or (iii) in any way affect Contractor’s responsibility and liability under this Drilling Contract; provided, however, that Operator agrees to keep any such plans, drawings and manuals confidential in accordance with Section 17.3.

(a)Rowan Gibraltar intends to take delivery of the Rig ex-Builder’s yard in South Korea on or about October 31, 2014.  Contractor shall then cause the mobilization of the Rig to the Area of Operations.  No later than seven (7) days after the Effective Date, Contractor, Novatee and Operator shall execute and deliver the Deed of Novation, to be effective as of the date of the Rig’s arrival in the Area of Operations, assigning and transferring specified Contractor’s rights, obligations and liabilities under this Drilling Contract in respect of the Work to be performed in the Area of Operations to Novatee.  Contractor shall obtain and maintain, and cause Novatee to obtain and maintain, any permits, approvals and authorizations from Governmental Authorities necessary or desirable to import the Rig into, and export the Rig out of, the Area of Operations and to move and operate the Rig within the Area of Operations which are to be obtained by Contractor in its name and by Novatee in its name under applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(i)Should the Rig not arrive and be in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations on or before the Latest Delivery Date, Operator will have the right to terminate this Drilling Contract in accordance with Section 13.2(c) at any time thereafter; provided, however, that Operator’s right to terminate pursuant to this Section 2.2(e)(i) shall expire (if not previously exercised) upon the Rig’s arrival and presentment in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations.  If the Rig has not arrived and been presented in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations on or before May 1, 2015 (which date shall be extended for documented periods of Force Majeure, delays caused solely by Operator Group, and changes to the Rig requested by Operator), then for each period of seven (7) days thereafter until the Term Commencement Date, Contractor shall grant Operator one (1) free Rig day when the Operating Rate would otherwise apply following the Term Commencement Date (any such free Rig days, collectively, the “Delay Damages”).The Parties agree that Delay Damages are not a penalty and shall apply as a limitation on Contractor’s liability for failure of the Rig to

arrive and be in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations on or before May 1, 2015 (as may be extended pursuant to this Section 2.2(e)(i)), regardless of fault.  The Parties hereby acknowledge and agree that the amounts fixed pursuant to this Section 2.2(e)(i) are a genuine and reasonable estimation of the losses and damages that Operator will incur in the event of Contractor’s failure to procure the Rig’s arrival and presentment in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations on or before May 1, 2015 (as may be extended pursuant to this Section 2.2(e)(i)) in accordance with this Drilling Contract.  If such provisions (or any part thereof) in this Section 2.2(e)(i) are found for any reason to be void, invalid or otherwise inoperative, such provisions (or any part thereof) shall be deleted from this Drilling Contract and the balance of this Drilling Contract shall remain in full force and effect.  Without prejudice to the foregoing, in such an event Contractor shall be liable for damages at law for any failure to comply with its obligations to procure the Rig’s arrival and presentment in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations on or before May 1, 2015 (as may be extended pursuant to this Section 2.2(e)(i)) in accordance with this Drilling Contract; providedthat such damages shall, regardless of fault, be limited to the amount which would have been payable had these provisions (or part thereof) in this Section not been void, invalid or otherwise inoperative.

(ii)Should Operator terminate this Drilling Contract pursuant to Section 2.2(e)(i), then such termination shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of Operator under this Drilling Contract for such delay in delivery.

(iii)Contractor’s delivery and provision of the Rig to Operator in accordance with Section 2.2(b) is a condition of this Drilling Contract and a fundamental obligation of Contractor and, except as expressly provided in this Drilling Contract, Contractor shall not be excused from performance of its obligations in Section 2.2(b) for any reason whatsoever.

(b)All drilling sites shall be subject to the approval of underwriters’ surveyors and within the specifications of the Rig.  Operator shall be responsible for (i) selecting, (ii) surveying and marking the drill sites and routes of ingress and

egress, if required, in a timely manner in accordance with Contractor’s underwriters’ requirements and (iii) clearing drilling locations.  Operator shall also provide Contractor with soil analysis (if required by Contractor or surveyors), sea/Metocean conditions and bathymetry charts specified by Contractor or its underwriters for Contractor’s riser analysis.  Contractor shall be solely responsible for determining that the bottom or seabed conditions at the drill site are satisfactory to properly position the Rig for operations under this Drilling Contract.  Operator shall furnish Contractor any relevant information relating to seabed, soil or subsurface conditions (including pipelines, cables, subsea wells, and umbilicals) which may be an impediment to positioning or drilling that Operator possesses or which may be reasonably requested by Contractor.  It shall be Contractor’s obligation to determine whether soil and sea bottom condition surveys and subsurface boring surveys are necessary to assure proper placement of the Rig for operations under this Drilling Contract, and, if so, Operator shall employ a competent marine surveyor to perform the surveys.  Contractor shall arrange for performance of a riser analysis at each location by a company with expertise.  Operator shall pay all costs incurred by Contractor in connection with each riser analysis.

(a)The Rig shall be capable of operating in the Area of Operations in an efficient and safe manner, and in conformity with all applicable laws and the requirements of all relevant Governmental Authorities, in water depths of up to 12,000 feet and of drilling to a measured depth of 40,000 feet.  At the Term Commencement Date, and throughout the term of this Drilling Contract, Contractor warrants that the Rig shall:

(v)be tight, staunch, and strong; and be in thoroughly efficient order and condition, and in every way fit, equipped and supplied for deepwater drilling operations and the uses and services contemplated in this Drilling Contract, with her machinery, pumps, and navigational equipment fully functional and in good working order and condition;

(vi)have a full complement of marine crew and drilling personnel for a rig of her type and capabilities, in the number required by the laws of all applicable Governmental Authorities, and who shall have the knowledge, skills and abilities and who shall all be trained to operate the Rig and her equipment competently and safely and in accordance with Good Industry Practices; and

(vii)shall have on board all certificates, documents, approvals, permits, permissions and equipment required by ABS and any Governmental Authority as may be necessary to enable her to carry out all required operations under this Drilling Contract without delay or hindrance.

(b)In performing the Work, Contractor shall utilize the Rig and the Rig shall be furnished in good condition for performance of the Work in accordance with the Management System at the time of commencement of operations hereunder and throughout the term of this Drilling Contract.  If Contractor fails to provide the Rig in compliance with the requirements of this Drilling Contract, Contractor will be in default of this Drilling Contract, and Operator may exercise all contractual remedies pursuant to Article XIII.

(c)Contractor hereby acknowledges and agrees that, during and throughout the Primary Term and any Extension Term, for so long as no default by Operator has occurred and is continuing hereunder, neither Operator nor any permitted assign shall be disturbed or interfered with by Contractor or any of its Affiliates in Operator’s or such permitted assign’s quiet and peaceful use and enjoyment of the Rig (including, without limitation, Operator’s ability to use the Rig in deepwater offshore drilling operations) other than as required by Governmental Authorities and inspections and trials required by ABS or the Flag State.  Contractor and/or Contractor’s Affiliates shall be permitted by Operator to mortgage or otherwise encumber the Rig with third-party financing arrangements, whereby secured lenders, arrangers, or other financiers shall have a first security interest in the Rig; provided always that (i) Contractor causes any such Affiliates to agree to the provisions set forth in this Section 2.4(c) respecting Operator’s (or its assign’s, as applicable) quiet and peaceful use and enjoyment of the Rig, and (ii) the relevant secured lenders, arrangers, or other financiers provide to Operator a letter of quiet enjoyment in a form reasonably acceptable to Operator in accordance with industry practice.

(a)Effective Date.  This Drilling Contract shall become effective upon the Effective Date, and the term of this Drilling Contract shall commence on the Term Commencement Date and continue until the completion of the Primary Term and any Extension Term, as applicable, or the earlier termination of this Drilling Contract.

(b)Term Commencement Date.  The “Term Commencement Date” shall be that date on which the Rig is presented in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations, and all of the following conditions have been satisfied in full conformity with this Drilling Contract or otherwise waived by Operator (in writing, and in its sole discretion):

(i)The primary term of this Drilling Contract shall be for a firm period of three (3) years beginning on the Term Commencement Date (the “Primary Term”), except as may be extended or terminated by the provisions of this Drilling Contract.  Unless extended or terminated pursuant to the other provisions of this Drilling Contract, the term of this Drilling Contract shall automatically end upon the latest to occur of (A) the expiration of the Primary Term, (B) the expiration of any Extension Term, or (C) completion of Operator’s last Designated Well (drilled to its planned total depth, unless otherwise modified by Operator in its sole discretion) commenced during the Primary Term, or any Extension Term, as applicable, when the Rig is moved to the Demobilization Point and all of

(ii)The Primary Term and any Extension Term shall be extended automatically from day to day for the time necessary to complete any single particular well (drilled to its planned total depth, unless otherwise modified by Operator in its sole discretion) or related operation in progress.  A “well” is a single hole drilled to a predefined final spatial target (provided that multiple holes may be drilled in pursuit of the same target).  Any remedial deviations, re-drilling or sidetracking of the hole shall be restricted to operations required to reach such target.  Any such action taken to achieve a new spatial target or any re-spudding after reaching the initial target to reach such new target shall be considered a new well, unless otherwise agreed by Contractor in writing.  Operator shall not commence Work on a new well or perform operations on an existing well (including, but not limited to, multilaterals, sidetracks, completions, workovers, well tests, abandonments, etc.) that is expected to take longer than sixty (60) days to complete beyond the Primary Term, or any Extension Term, as applicable, without Contractor’s prior consent.  For purposes of this paragraph, “commencement of Work” on a new well or “performance of operations” on an existing well shall not be deemed to have occurred until the date and time the Rig is on the relevant location and the bottom hole assembly is ready to spud in at the mud line.

At Operator’s option, this Drilling Contract may be extended for a further term of one (1) year (from the expiry of the Primary Term) (the “First Extension Term”), plus at Operator’s option, a further term (from the expiry of the First Extension Term, if opted for by Operator) of one (1) additional year (the “Second Extension Term”) (the First Extension Term and Second Extension Term, each an “Extension Term”).  Operator’s option for the First Extension Term must be exercised by written notice to Contractor on or before the date that is seven hundred and thirty (730) days after the Term Commencement Date.  Operator’s option for the Second Extension Term must be exercised by notice to Contractor on or before the start of the First Extension Term.  During the Primary Term and any Extension Terms, Contractor shall not contractually commit the Rig to any other party while this Drilling Contract is in effect unless the relevant time period for Operator to exercise its respective options pursuant to this Section 2.6 has expired.  The terms of this Drilling Contract shall remain in effect and shall apply during any Extension Term; provided, however, that the Operating Rate applicable to the First Extension Term and the Second Extension Term, as applicable, shall be mutually agreed upon through negotiations by the Parties prior to the date of expiration of the respective option exercise.

(a)Contractor shall mobilize the Rig and Contractor’s Personnel to the location designated by Operator pursuant to Section 2.2(b).  Contractor shall pay and be responsible for all risks, costs and expenses associated with the Rig and such mobilization, unless otherwise specified in this Drilling Contract, until the arrival of the Rig and her presentment in Rig Ready Condition at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations (and following such arrival and presentment at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations, Operator’s obligations to provide supplies and services to the Rig under Exhibit D in the Area of Operations shall commence (except that Operator shall have already accommodated Contractor’s first crew change after the Rig’s arrival at the Operator’s designated location in the Area of Operations, provided transportation services for Contractor’s Items as specified in Appendix D, Part B(12), and fueled the Rig in accordance with Appendix D, Part D(3)).  Operator shall be entitled to place at its risk, cost and expense its Operator’s Items and its designated representative(s) aboard the Rig for such mobilization, and Contractor shall make available to Operator’s representative(s) all accommodations, provisions and requisites as Contractor supplies to the senior marine crew of the Rig.  Operator shall be entitled to conduct certain aspects of the Rig Acceptance Testing during mobilization; provided that such Rig Acceptance Testing does not interfere with the mobilization or safe operation of the Rig.  Contractor shall invoice Operator for the Mobilization Fee on or after the Term Commencement Date, and such Mobilization Fee shall be due and payable by Operator in accordance with the terms of Article IV.

(b)Contractor shall demobilize the Rig and Contractor’s Personnel at the Demobilization Point upon the earlier to occur of (i) the expiration of the Primary Term or, if applicable, any Extension Term, or (ii) the termination of this Drilling Contract pursuant to Section 13.1 or Section 13.2.  Contractor shall pay and be responsible for all risks, costs and expenses, unless otherwise specified in this Drilling Contract, necessary to move and demobilize the Rig at the Demobilization Point upon Operator’s notification to Contractor of Rig Release.

Operator shall pay, or cause to be paid, to Contractor the amounts provided in Appendix I at the times and in the manner specified therein and in Article IV in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Drilling Contract.

(a)As of the Effective Date, Operator contemplates that the wells to be drilled hereunder during the term of this Drilling Contract will be located within the

bounds of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico outer-continental shelf lease blocks; however, at any time during the Primary Term or any Extension Term, Operator may request to change the Area of Operations (including, for example, the waters offshore Angola) and the relocation and movement of the Rig to such new Area of Operations and subject to the approval of Contractor; provided that such change does not result in a breach of the American Institute Trade Warranties of the American Institute of Marine Underwriters (dated July 1, 1972) or the Institute Warranties of the Insurance Institute of London, as applicable, or violate the laws, rules and regulations applicable to Contractor or its Affiliates; provided further that Contractor is able to obtain all insurance required by this Drilling Contract, and any other insurance typically carried by Contractor, for operations in the new Area of Operations.  In the event of such a request by Operator, Contractor and Operator shall review this Drilling Contract to determine any changes needed that result from:

(iii)changes proposed by either Party to the terms or conditions of this Drilling Contract that are appropriate for the new locale (including any local content requirements).

(b)Any mutually agreed changes shall be included in an amendment to this Drilling Contract (or the issuance of a new, restated Drilling Contract, as may be applicable) prior to the commencement of Work in the new Area of Operations.  Any such amendment (or new, restated contract) shall cover the period of Work in the new Area of Operations under comparable terms and conditions to the then-existing Drilling Contract and with a term equal to the remaining term of this Drilling Contract, with such other changes as mutually agreed upon during the review.  It is intended by both Parties that any changes to this Drilling Contract for the purposes of this Section 3.2 shall be structured such that Contractor is neither financially advantaged nor adversely affected by the change of locale.

(c)Contractor warrants that, as of the Effective Date, the Rig can be relocated and moved to, and operated in, the waters offshore Angola without breaching any applicable trading or navigation warranties or violating any applicable laws, rules and regulations.

(iv)Contractor’s costs for repair and routine and scheduled maintenance of Contractor’s Items, as increased or decreased based upon the Producer Price Index for “Oilfield Drilling Machinery and Equipment Wholesale Price Index” (Code 1191-02) published by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics:  $[***] per day.

(i)The day rates under this Drilling Contract are based upon enacted applicable laws and regulations of Governmental Authorities and the interpretations thereof by Governmental Authorities, affecting the Work

contemplated hereunder in force as of the Effective Date.  The day rates due to Contractor pursuant to this Drilling Contract shall be revised or adjusted by the actual amount of any increase or decrease in Contractor’s aggregate costs

in each case of clause (X), (Y) or (Z), taking effect from and after the Effective Date and subjecting Contractor (and all other similarly situated deepwater offshore drilling contractors) and/or the Rig (and all other drillships of similar type and characteristics) to new tax, operating, manning, maintenance, equipment or structural requirements; providedthat

(iii)For any change described in Section 3.3(c)(i) that requires capital expenditures by Contractor for purposes of the physical or structural improvement, modification, or upgrade to the Rig or her equipment (including the addition of equipment), any such expenditure (documented to the reasonable satisfaction of Operator) shall be reimbursed by Operator at the amount that is equal to the amount of such expenditure times the ratio of (x) the remaining term of this Drilling Contract as of the time of such expenditure to (y) the remaining operating life of the Rig (based upon the total operating life of twenty (20) years) as of the time of such expenditure, and such reimbursable amount shall be amortized over the number of days remaining in the Primary Term, or any Extension Term, as applicable, and be separately payable to Contractor regardless of the application of any day rates hereunder (including the Zero Rate). In no event shall Operator be required to make any payments for any change in costs due to any modified or new laws that are determined after termination of this Drilling Contract.

Contractor shall endeavour to present invoices, accompanied by copies of vouchers, records, receipts or other evidence as may reasonably be requested by Operator, to Operator at Operator’s office for each month during the Primary Term, or any Extension Term, as applicable, on or before the fifteenth (15th) day of the following month, and in any case within ninety (90) days of conclusion of the Work on a Designated Well.  Contractor’s final invoice statement shall be presented by Contractor to Operator’s office within ninety (90) days following the date of expiration or earlier termination of this Drilling Contract.

(a)Subject to the terms and conditions of this Drilling Contract, payment shall be made to Contractor, by wire transfer in accordance with the bank instructions to be provided by Contractor, within thirty (30) days following receipt of a properly supported invoice from Contractor.  Payment of any invoice shall not prejudice the right of Operator to question, in good faith, the correctness of any charges therein.  If Operator disputes an item, Operator shall promptly notify Contractor of the item disputed, specifying the reason therefor, and payment of the disputed amount may be withheld until settlement of the dispute.  Or, at Operator’s sole option, any disputed amount may be paid without waiver of the right to seek reimbursement for such amounts.  However, timely payment shall be made of any undisputed portion.  Subject to this right, any undisputed payments or payments of disputed amounts resolved in Contractor’s favor which are not made within thirty (30) days as aforesaid shall bear interest at LIBOR plus [***] on the date the invoice was due for payment from the end of the thirty (30) day period until paid.  Operator and Contractor shall endeavour to resolve any disputed item in a timely manner, and when resolved, payment shall be made forthwith.  Payment of any amounts by Operator shall not be deemed a waiver of Operator’s or Contractor’s rights under this Drilling Contract.

(b)Operator shall have the right to offset payments due to Contractor against liquidated and undisputed sums owed to Operator by Contractor under this Drilling Contract.  If Operator, at any time, incurs costs which, under the provisions of this Drilling Contract, are for Contractor’s account or Operator is otherwise entitled to recover from Contractor, Operator may invoice Contractor for such costs and Contractor shall pay Operator within thirty (30) days following receipt of a properly supported invoice from Operator.

Contractor shall maintain a complete and accurate set of records pertaining to all aspects of this Drilling Contract.  Operator, in order to verify that all the terms and conditions of this Drilling Contract have been complied with, shall have the right, upon reasonable advance notice and during normal business hours and at Operator’s sole expense, to inspect and audit at Contractor’s place of business, any and all such records within a period of twenty-four (24) months after the year of termination of this Drilling Contract; providedthat Contractor shall have the right to exclude any trade secrets, formulae, or processes from such inspection and audit, except to the extent they relate directly to payments or reimbursements in accordance with this Drilling Contract; in such case, Operator agrees to hold such information confidential.

(a)Contractor shall, at its own expense, furnish Contractor’s Items.  Additionally, Contractor shall provide, at its own cost, materials, equipment, services, personnel, consumables, spares and facilities not identified herein, but which are required for the Work and which are customarily or necessarily provided by a deepwater drilling contractor furnishing a deepwater drilling rig in the Area of Operations, in accordance with Good Industry Practices and on a non-reimbursable basis and in order to allow uninterrupted operations in a timely manner and in full compliance with this Drilling Contract.

(b)In support of the Work to be performed by Contractor in the Area of Operations, and in consideration for the remuneration to be paid by Operator hereunder, Contractor shall be responsible for providing, at its sole cost and expense (subject to the uplift provisions at Section 3.3), all supporting services, supplies, and other logistical items whatsoever which may be required, by the laws, regulations, orders and other directives of any Governmental Authority, to be procured from local vendors, suppliers, and other Persons as necessary for the performance of Work in accordance with this Drilling Contract.

(f)Except as otherwise provided in this Drilling Contract, if, during the drilling of any Designated Well, Contractor’s drill string (inclusive of drill pipe, HWDP, drill collars, subs and similar items) should have excessive failures due to any cause, Operator shall have the right to require Contractor, at Contractor’s expense, to have failed components, in use or to be used, inspected according to the aforementioned standards.  Contractor shall provide Operator with a copy of the results of the inspections.

(h)Following the Term Commencement Date, Contractor shall arrange and conduct all subsequent inspections of the in-hole equipment, including but not limited to the regularly scheduled inspections at intervals specified in Contractor’s policies and procedures, inspections requested by Operator, and a final inspection at the end of the term of this Drilling Contract.  Operator shall designate the inspection level which shall meet or exceed the level specified by Contractor’s policies and procedures, and shall pay all expenses related to such inspections (including transportation costs).

(a)At the written request of Operator, and with Contractor’s concurrence, Contractor shall provide, for the account of Operator, any of the materials, supplies, or services that Operator is obligated to furnish hereunder on a reimbursable basis plus a handling fee as specified in Appendix I.  Items and services so provided shall continue to be classified as Operator’s Items pursuant to the provisions of this Drilling Contract.

(a)Operator shall furnish at its cost (or shall reimburse Contractor for furnishing), the equipment, facilities, materials or supplies to be furnished by Operator as specified in Appendix D for the duration of the term of this Drilling Contract.

(c)Upon termination of this Drilling Contract, Contractor shall return to Operator all equipment, facilities, materials or supplies received by Contractor from Operator

(e)Operator acknowledges that all personnel aboard the Rig are subject to applicable law, rules and regulations, including without limitation the International Ship & Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, and Contractor’s implementation and enforcement thereof, including the Rig’s Ship Security Plan.  In particular, all of Operator-supplied personnel shall be: (i) prepared to present a valid photographic identification prior to embarking for the Rig, (ii) required to undergo security awareness training aboard the Rig, (iii) subject to tests and verification of identification while aboard the Rig, and (iv) subject to search of their person and personal effects upon embarking and disembarking the Rig.  In addition, at least seven (7) days prior to the commencement of operations under this Drilling Contract, Operator will provide Contractor with the contact information in respect of any Operator-provided helicopter and vessel support services in order that Contractor may prepare any required declaration of security documentation.  In order to minimize the risk of transportation delays, Operator, as soon as practical, and in any event prior to presenting Operator-supplied personnel for travel to the Rig, will provide the Rig’s master/security officer with the names and employers of such personnel.

Contractor shall carry out the Work and conduct the drilling operations, as well as tasks normally associated therewith, in accordance with the requirements of this Drilling Contract and according to the specifications and instructions issued by Operator from time to time, consistent with the HSSE Bridging Agreement, the Well-Control Bridging Agreement, the Management System, and all applicable laws and regulations.  Contractor shall notify Operator if performance of the Work according to the specifications and instructions issued by Operator would exceed the capabilities of the Rig and/or would be contrary to Contractor’s standards, policies and procedures and all applicable laws and regulations.  The drilling of each well shall be commenced without delay (unless such delay is ordered by Operator) after operations are completed at the previous well, if any.  Contractor shall be responsible for the operation of the Rig, including moving operations and positioning on drilling locations as required by Operator.  Operations under this Drilling Contract will be performed on a twenty-four (24) hour per day basis.

Operator shall have the right to specify the type and characteristics of drilling fluids.  Without prejudice to Article VIII, Contractor agrees to take reasonable care in the handling of the drilling fluids.  During the drilling of any well, and as often as it desires, Operator shall have the right to have made any test of drilling fluids.  Without prejudice to Article VIII, Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to comply with the drilling fluid program of Operator.  Contractor shall maintain adequate and serviceable working solids equipment on board the Rig in accordance with Appendix C.  Operator shall provide

(a)Contractor shall observe all applicable environmental, health and safety laws, rules and regulations for the Work issued by Governmental Authorities.  Contractor shall inform its contractors and subcontractors, and all members of Contractor Group, regarding all such environmental, health and safety rules and regulations, and all safety meetings and drills conducted shall be entered on the IADC-API Daily Drilling Report.  Contractor shall furnish such additional safety reports and records as Operator may request.  It is Contractor’s responsibility to adopt, implement and enforce policies, plans and procedures that affect Contractor’s employees, representatives and agents, and those of its contractors and subcontractors.  Contractor shall provide safety performance evaluations to Operator and, as required, to applicable Governmental Authorities.  Contractor shall, throughout the term of this Drilling Contract, maintain a safety Management System and provide same to Operator.

(b)Operator and Contractor shall execute a mutually agreeable bridging document to address the interface of Contractor’s safety Management System with Operator’s environmental, health and safety requirements and Operator’s Safety and Environmental Management System program for its facilities and operations in the Area of Operations (the “HSSE Bridging Agreement”).  The HSSE Bridging Agreement must be executed prior to the commencement of any offshore activity under this Drilling Contract (and not later than November 1, 2014) and, when Contractor is performing Work in the Area of Operations, Contractor shall operate according to the HSSE Bridging Agreement.

(c)Operator and Contractor shall execute a mutually agreeable bridging document to address the interface of Contractor’s well-control policy and procedures with those of Operator for its facilities and operations in the Area of Operations (the “Well-Control Bridging Agreement”).  The Well-Control Bridging Agreement must be executed prior to the commencement of any offshore activity under this

Drilling Contract (and not later than November 1, 2014) and, when Contractor is performing Work in the Area of Operations, Contractor shall operate according to the Well-Control Bridging Agreement.

(a)In the event of any difficulty arising which precludes either drilling ahead under reasonably normal procedures or the performance of any other operations planned for a well, Contractor shall suspend the work in progress and shall immediately notify the representative of Operator, in the meantime exerting all reasonable efforts in accordance with Good Industry Practices to overcome any such difficulty.

(b)In the event of loss of or damage to the hole, the provisions of Section 8.6 will apply.  In the event it is impossible to overcome any such difficulty or if, for any reason in Operator’s or Contractor’s opinion, further drilling operations cannot proceed under normal conditions, Contractor will, upon notice to Operator, discontinue further drilling and plug and abandon such well, or complete same at any specified lesser depth.  In each instance where difficulties or conditions referred to in this Section 6.7 have been encountered and overcome, drilling under normal conditions shall be resumed.

Subject to Section 6.12, Contractor shall follow Operator’s instructions with respect to Operator’s drilling program or the written instructions provided by Operator.  Operator shall provide Contractor with a copy of Operator’s drilling program, and any other information reasonably requested in writing by Contractor, reasonably in advance of the spud date of each Designated Well to be drilled hereunder.  Each drilling program shall include (but not necessarily be limited to) hole sizes, casing program, mud control program, positive and negative pressure test procedures, and Operator’s deviation policy.  Operator may modify these programs prior to or during the Work, and shall promptly notify Contractor of all such modifications.

(h)that all Contractor’s Personnel act in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations (including immigration laws) and are in possession of any required valid work permit for the duration of this Drilling Contract, and that copies of all such permits will be submitted to Operator upon request; and

Contractor shall each day furnish Operator’s designated representative two (2) signed copies of daily drilling reports in detail on standard IADC-API Daily Drilling Report form, or equivalent, furnished by Contractor, and Contractor agrees to maintain copies of the Daily Drilling Reports for a minimum of two (2) years.  This report shall specifically include details of time breakdown on all operations and a clear description of all operations, including lost time, repairs, difficulties, accidents, measurements of pipe, mud material used each day (both bulk and sack), diesel inventory, complete bit information, bulk cement used each day, and tests and properties of drilling fluids each tour.  Contractor shall also furnish such additional data as may be reasonably required by Operator.

(iv)breach of contract (including core or fundamental breach of contract, including this Drilling Contract) or quasi-contract, misrepresentation (other than fraudulent misrepresentation), breach of warranty (express or implied), breach of duty (whether statutory, contractual or otherwise), or any other theory of liability, breach of any laws, regulations, rules or orders of any government or other authority having jurisdiction, or otherwise, on the part of the Party or other Person seeking indemnity (or exclusion or limitation of liability, as the case may be) or of any other Person.

(c)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Drilling Contract, the indemnities, obligations, and allocation of risks and liabilities contained in this Article VIII, as well as in Section 13.4 and Section 17.2, shall not apply in respect of any Claim to the extent such Claim is caused by the Willful Misconduct of the Party or other Person seeking to be protected, defended, indemnified, released, held harmless and/or compensated pursuant to the provisions hereof.

(a)The indemnities, obligations, and allocation of risks and liabilities contained in this Article VIII, as well as in Section 13.4 and Section 17.2, shall exclusively govern the allocation of risks and liabilities of the Parties and shall control, notwithstanding any other provision contained elsewhere in this Drilling Contract, regardless of fault unless otherwise specifically stated.

(e)The indemnities, obligations, and allocation of risks and liabilities contained in this Article VIII, as well as in Section 13.4 and Section 17.2,shall be applicable only in respect of the Claimsdirectly or indirectly arising out of, incident to or in connection with this Drilling Contract, the performance, defective performance or non-performance of the Work (including without limitation Work involving ingress and egress, loading and unloading, presence on any platform, vessel, aircraft or other premises leased, chartered, owned, provided or rented by any Party), or any obligation under this Drilling Contract.

(f)Notwithstanding anything in Section 8.2(e), but without prejudice to and subject to Sections 8.4(c), 8.4(d)(i), and 8.4(d)(ii), the indemnities and obligations of Operator contained in Section 8.7 and Section 8.8(b) shall not apply to any Claims directly or indirectly arising out of, incident to, or in connection with an allision or collision between any of Contractor’s Items and any platform, vessel, premises or property not leased, chartered, owned, rented or otherwise provided by Operator.  The limitation on Operator’s indemnities and obligations set forth in the preceding sentence shall not apply to (i) any such Claims directly or indirectly arising out of, incident to, or in connection with any such allision or collision that occurs when the Rig is drilling a Designated Well or is otherwise over or performing Work on Operator’s wells or facilities, or (ii) any contamination or pollution emanating from a Designated Well.

(a)In-Hole Equipment.  Operator shall assume liability for any loss or destruction of, or damage to, Contractor’s Items while below the rotary table, not including normal wear and tear, and regardless of fault (but except to the extent caused by the sole negligence, Gross Negligence or Willful Misconduct of any member of Contractor Group), Operator shall be responsible for all losses which are not reimbursable by Contractor’s insurance or warranty, including the applicable deductible.  For any such loss or destruction of, or damage to, Contractor’s in-hole equipment while below the rotary table during the performance of the Work, which shall include damage caused by exposure to highly corrosive, abrasive or other destructive elements, including those introduced into the drilling fluid, Operator agrees to be responsible for the lowest amount of (i) the actual repair cost, (ii) the actual replacement cost (less depreciation), or (iii) reimbursement of Contractor at current replacement cost (less depreciation) FOB the Rig or other location designated by Contractor at no greater shipping/handling cost, as follows: (x) for drill pipe, at the rate of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month of use during the term hereof; (y) for heaviwate, drill collars and subs, at two and one-half percent (2.5%) per month of use during the term hereof, (z) with maximum allowable depreciation of twenty-five percent (25%) for items (x) and (y) and maximum depreciation of zero percent (0%) for fishing and other in-hole equipment; and depreciation will commence on the date of first use when new, subject to a credit for insurance and warranty proceeds actually received by Contractor in respect of such in-hole equipment.

(ii)In the event of any loss or destruction of, or damage to, a BOP while below the water line during the performance of the Work, not including normal wear and tear, and regardless of fault (but except to the extent caused by the sole negligence, Gross Negligence or Willful Misconduct of any member of Contractor Group) then the Standby Rate shall apply to the period from the time at which the Work is stopped hereunder in preparation to pull and retrieve the BOP, including the time needed to secure any Designated Well in progress, until the time that the second BOP is deployed and the point where such Work or drilling was stopped is reached again and operations resumed, at which time the Standby Rate shall continue to apply.  If, for any reason, the second BOP is not fully operational or fails any test or inspection prior to the time such Work or drilling is resumed, thenContractor shall be entitled to any repair allowances provided in Appendix I, Section B(2)(C), after which the Zero Rate shall apply until the second BOP is restored to a fully operational and Compliant condition, deployed, andthe point where such Work or drilling was stopped is reached again and operations resumed.  The Operating Rate shall not apply until the lost, destroyed, or damaged BOP has been replaced or restored and the Rig is again equipped with two (2) fully operational and Compliant BOPs.

In the event of loss of or damage to the hole or the well, or in the event any well being drilled by Contractor under this Drilling Contract shall blowout or crater from any cause whatsoever, by whomsoever, during the Work, Operator shall bear the entire cost and expense of killing the well or otherwise bringing the well under control, including relief wells (“Well Control Costs”), and also shall protect, defend, indemnify, release and hold harmless Contractor Group for all Claims for Well Control Costs and loss or damage to the hole, including without limitation, the casing therein, regardless of fault, providedthat, if loss of or damage to the hole results from the sole negligence or Gross Negligence of any member of Contractor Group, Contractor shall, at the request of Operator, as Operator’s exclusive remedy (in addition only to Operator’s rights under Section 6.13), re-drill the same or an equivalent hole to such depth as such lost hole had been drilled at the time the loss or damage occurred or repair the hole to the same condition prior to such damage, or drill a relief well if required, at the day rate of [***]; provided, further, that if loss of or damage to the hole results from the Willful Misconduct of any Senior Supervisory Personnel, Contractor shall, at the request of Operator, as Operator’s exclusive remedy (in addition only to Operator’s rights under Section 6.13), re-drill the same or an equivalent hole to such depth as such lost hole had been drilled at the time the loss or damage occurred, repair the hole to the same condition prior to such damage, or drill a relief well if required, in each case, at the day rate of [***].

(a)Contractor.  Contractor shall assume all responsibility for and shall protect, defend, indemnify, release and hold harmless Operator Group from and against all Claims, including Claims of Third Parties, regardless of fault (including Claims for the cost of control, clean-up, removal, restoration and remediation) caused by contamination (including radioactive contamination) or pollution, including fines or penalties directly assessed against Contractor and levied by any Governmental Authority, from the discharge, dispersal, release or escape of any pollutants, including waste oil or other petroleum substance or derivative (including any waste oil, refuse, or waste oil mixed with water), pipe dope, paints, solvents, ballasts, bilge, garbage, sewage, hazardous waste, solid waste, disposal, release or escape of oil emulsion, oil based or chemically treated drilling fluids, contaminated cuttings (excluding such cuttings disposed at Operator’s direction), lost circulation and fish recovery materials and fluids in the

possession and control of any member of Contractor Group including, mud returns after the drilling solids treatment equipment, and other such materials, the discharge of which (i) originated above or below the surface of the water and (ii) immediately prior to the discharge the pollutant was in the possession or control of any member of Contractor Group and/or emanated or originated from the Rig (excepting the Rig’s subsea equipment).

(i)the discharge, disposal, release or escape of oil emulsion, oil based or chemically treated drilling fluids, contaminated cuttings, lost circulation and fish recovery materials and fluids not in the possession and control of any member of Contractor Group, including mud returns before the drilling solids treatment equipment; and

Contractor shall comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations regarding the handling of oilfield waste for which it is responsible pursuant to the HSSE Bridging Agreement.  Contractor shall be responsible for used engine oil, oil filters, empty drums and hazardous waste generated by its operations, including without limitation, the proper handling of the used oil and the manifesting, reclaiming/recycling or disposal of the oil.  The oil is to be transported in U.S. Coast Guard approved containers, not in used drums.  Used drums are to be empty per specifications of the U.S. Department of Transportation, properly labeled, and have bungs in place prior to shipping to shore.  Contractor will pick up and properly recycle or dispose of the empty drums.  Oil filters, after being totally and properly drained, shall be disposed of as trash.  Without prejudice to this Section 8.8, including without limitation, Operator’s indemnity obligation in Section 8.8(b) above, Contractor shall release, defend, indemnify and hold harmless Operator Group from any penalties or fines directly assessed against Contractor resulting from Contractor’s failure to comply with the obligations it has expressly assumed in this Section 8.8(d).  Except as expressly assumed by Contractor in this Section 8.8(d), Operator assumes sole responsibility for the transport and disposal of all other waste as required in the HSSE Bridging Agreement, and Operator shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Contractor Group from and against any penalties or fines directly assessed against Operator resulting from Operator’s failure to comply with its obligations in this Section 8.8(d).  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth elsewhere in this Drilling Contract, Contractor shall be solely responsible for obtaining coverage (including, but not limited to, submitting the Notice of Intent (“NOI”) and supplemental NOI) and complying with all applicable requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit, including but not limited to all regulated discharges from the Rig such as the cooling water intake structure, maintenance wastes such as blasting and painting, deck drainage and domestic/consumer waste.

(a)Subject to Sections 8.7, 8.8 and 8.15, Contractor shall protect, defend, indemnify, release and hold harmless Operator Group from and against all Claims (including those for bodily injury, personal injury, illness, disease, maintenance, cure, loss of consortium, loss of support, death, property damage, and wrongful termination of employment) by or in favor of or incurred or sustained by any Third Party, directly or indirectly arising out of, or incident to or in connection with this Drilling Contract, or the performance or non-performance of the Work (including without limitation Work involving ingress and egress, loading and unloading, presence on any p