mud pump working principle pdf in stock

Positive displacements pumps are generally used on drilling rigs to pump high pressure and high volume of drilling fluids throughout a drilling system. There are several reasons why the positive displacement mud pumps are used on the rigs.

The duplex pumps (Figure 1) have two cylinders with double acting. It means that pistons move back and take in drilling mud through open intake valve and other sides of the same pistons, the pistons push mud out through the discharge valves.

When the piston rod is moved forward, one of intake valves is lift to allow fluid to come in and one of the discharge valve is pushed up therefore the drilling mud is pumped out of the pump (Figure 2).

On the other hand, when the piston rod is moved backward drilling fluid is still pumped. The other intake and discharge valve will be opened (Figure 3).

The triplex pumps have three cylinders with single acting. The pistons are moved back and pull in drilling mud through open intake valves. When the pistons are moved forward and the drilling fluid is pushed out through open discharge valves.

On the contrary when the piston rods are moved backward, the intake valve are opened allowing drilling fluid coming into the pump (Figure 6). This video below shows how a triplex mud pump works.

Because each pump has power rating limit as 1600 hp, this will limit capability of pump. It means that you cannot pump at high rate and high pressure over what the pump can do. Use of a small liner will increase discharge pressure however the flow rate is reduces. Conversely, if a bigger liner is used to deliver more flow rate, maximum pump pressure will decrease.

As you can see, you can have 7500 psi with 4.5” liner but the maximum flow rate is only 297 GPM. If the biggest size of liner (7.25”) is used, the pump pressure is only 3200 psi.

Finally, we hope that this article would give you more understanding about the general idea of drilling mud pumps. Please feel free to add more comments.

abstractNote = {Based on extensive research, development, and field testing of mud pumps and accessory equipment, this book offers cost-saving methods in operation and maintenance of triplex and duplex pumps. It covers practical engineering concerns such as pressure losses from friction in the piping and inertia in the drilling mud; suction dampeners in pump operation; charging the suction pipe for greater efficiency and smoother operation; hydraulic and mechanical knocking; hydraulic pressure losses; discharge lines.},

A mud pump is a piston driven pump design that can produce high-pressure operations to safely transfer high viscosity fluids over an extended depth. The mud pump has many applications in industrial service, but it has proven to be invaluable in many drilling operations. Let"s take a look at mud pumps and why they are such a good fit for the industries they serve.

A Mud pump is a reciprocal pump design utilizing a piston in a cylinder to transfer fluids under high pressure. A mud pump can generate up to 7,500 psi (52,000 kPa) during normal operations. Mud pumps are a positive displacement design.

Mud pumps are available in a variety of configurations and sizes. However, mud pumps tend to be one of two main types: the duplex and the triplex. The duplex mud pump features two pistons (or plungers) in constant action to move the fluid.

The triplex mud pump has all but replaced the duplex version in most applications, although you will still find the latter in use in some smaller countries. The triplex mud pump features a triple piston (plunger) design that is more efficient than the duplex design.

The latest designs of the mud pump are the quintuplex and hex versions. As the name suggests, these designs feature five or six pistons in a reciprocating design. Although not in widespread use as compared to the triplex design, these mud pumps spread the pumping action across the rotational cycle, creating less mud noise. This allows for better measurements and logging to take place while in operation.

There are two main parts to a mud pump: the fluid end and the power end. The fluid end is where the actual pumping takes place. The components of the fluid end consist of valves, pistons (or plungers), and liners.

Since the fluid end is in constant contact with the material being pumped, most modern designs allow for quick replacement of worn components as needed. This dramatically extends the life of a unit without having to completely replace the pump.

The power end of a mud pump is responsible for taking the input power, typically through a driveshaft, and converting it into the reciprocating motion needed for the pistons. In most mud pump applications, the power end uses a crosshead crankshaft for this conversion.

Rotational power is supplied to the mud pump through an external power source. The power end of the pump converts this rotational energy through a crankshaft to a reciprocating motion that moves the pistons.

Due to the pressure and material being pumped, most mud pump applications can create a lot of vibration. To combat this, many mud pump applications incorporate pulsation dampeners. These are typically used on both suction and discharge sides of the pump.

In some cases, a positive displacement pump may pull the fluids at a pressure lower than its vapor pressure. When this happens, damaging cavitation can take place. In these cases, a charge pump might be required at the inlet side to maintain a positive pressure on the suction stream.

When selecting a mud pump, there are two main parameters to be used, pressure and displacement. Pressure is the net pumping pressure that the pump can safely provide. The requirement for pressure increases as the drilling depth and fluid (or slurry) viscosity increases.

Displacement is the volume of fluid that the pump can transfer within a given time period. In most applications, this is rated as discharged liters per minute.

Mud pumps are ideal wherever a lot of fluid needs to be pumped under high pressure. They are considered an essential part of most oil well drilling rigs. Mud pumps can deliver high concentration and high viscosity slurry in a stable flow, making them adaptable to many uses.

Mud pumps are an invaluable tool when high pressure and high viscosity fluids are needing to be transferred. Mader Electric, Inc. specializes in mud pump repair and installation, as well as pump training. Contact us to see how we can help with your pumping needs.

When drilling is in progress, the components of the hoisting system, mud pumps and prime movers are used to circulate drilling fluid from the mud pits through the drillstring and out the bit. Cuttings are flushed from the bottom of the borehole up to the surface, thus cleaning the bottom of the hole and providing the logging geologist with samples at the surface.

A drilling rig usually has two mud pumps, and these are the heart of a fluid-circulating system. Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid under pressure (up to 7500 psi) from a surface pit, through the drillstem, to the bit, return it up the annulus, and back to the pit. There are two types of pumps used in the oil industry. 1. Duplex (2 pistons). 2. Triplex (3 pistons). A recent development is Hex pump which contains 6 pistons. A basic pump consists of a piston (the liner) which moves back and forth (reciprocates) inside a cylinder. The normal mud pump consists of two main assemblies. 1. The Fluid End: It produces the pumping process with valves, pistons & liners. To reduce severe vibration caused by the pumping process, these pumps incorporate both suction & discharge pulsation dampener. 2. The Power End: It converts the rotation of the drive shaft to the reciprocating motion of the pistons.

Single-Acting (Triplex Pump) A pump is said to be single-acting or triplex if it pumps fluid on the forward strokes. It contains 3 pistons. y Triplex single-acting pumps put pressure on only one side of the piston.

These pumps have three pistons and are much lighter than duplex pumps. More power can be obtained from a relatively small triplex pump because it operates at higher speeds, 120 to 160 spm. As triplex pumps operate at higher speeds, they usually have a centrifugal pump to charge the suction. With a properly charged suction, triplex pumps can operate at nearly 100% volumetric efficiency. When efficiency problems are discovered, it is usually because of problems with the suction pump.

Double-Acting (Duplex) A pump is said to be double-acting or duplex if it pumps fluid on both forward & backward strokes. It contains 2 pistons. y y y y y y In duplex pumps, each of the two cylinders is filled on one side of the piston & at the same time fluid is being discharged on the other side of the piston. Each complete cycle of the piston results in the discharge of a fluid volume that is twice the volume of cylinder, minus the volume of the rod. Double acting pumps stroke four times during each cycle. Strokes per minute (spm), on a duplex pump actually means cycles per minute. Duplex pump operates at relatively low speed i.e. 60 to 70 spm. The volume of fluid pumped per minute is determined by multiplying the volume per complete cycle by the number of strokes/cycles per minute.

Centrifugal Pumps This type of pump uses an impeller (Rotor inside a tube or conduit used to increase the pressure & flow of fluid) for the movement of fluid rather a piston reciprocating inside a cylinder. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. They are used to surcharge mud pumps & providing fluid to solids control equipment & mud mixing equipment. A centrifugal pump works by converting kinetic energy into potential energy, measurable as static fluid pressure. Pump Liners Pump liners fit inside the pump cavity. They affect the pressure rating & flow rate from the pump. For a given pump, a liner has the same OD (Outer Diameter) but different ID (Internal Diameter). The smaller liner (small ID) is used in the deeper part of the well where low flow rate is required but much higher operating pressure. Power Requirement The horsepower requirement of the pump depends on flow rate & the pressure. Operating Pressure The operating pressure depends on flow rate, depth & size of the hole, size of the drill pipe & drill collars, mud properties & size of nozzle used. Size Determination The size of the pump is determined by the length of its stroke & the size of the liner.

Volumetric & Mechanical Efficiency Drilling mud usually contains little air & is slightly compressible. Hence the piston moves through a shorter stroke than theoretically possible before reaching discharge pressure. As a

result, the volumetric efficiency is always less than one; typically 95% for triplex & 90% for duplex. In addition, due to power losses in drives, the mechanical efficiency of most pumps is about 85%.

TerminologyMud The liquid circulated through the wellbore during rotary drilling and work over operations. Mud Acid A mixture of hydrochloric and/or hydrofluoric acids and surfactants used to remove wall cake from the wellbore. Mud Cake The sheath of mud solids that forms on the wall of the hole when liquid from mud filters into the formation. Also called filter cake or wall cake. Mud Centrifuge A device that uses centrifugal force to separate small solid components from liquid drilling fluid. Mud Cleaner A cone-shaped device, a hydro cyclone, designed to remove very fine solid particles from the drilling mud. Mud Engineer An employee of a drilling fluid supply company whose duty it is to test and maintain the drilling mud properties that are specified by the operator. Mud-Gas Separator A device that removes gas from the mud coming out of a well when a kick is being circulated out. Mud Hopper A large funnel- or cone-shaped device into which dry components (such as powdered clay or cement) can be poured to later mix with water or other liquids. The dry component is inducted through a nozzle at the bottom of the hopper. Mud Hose The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and Kelly; also called the mud hose or the Kelly hose. It is a steel reinforced, flexible hose that is installed between the standpipe and the swivel or top drive. It is also called Rotary Hose. Mud Line A mud return line. Mud Logging The recording of information derived from examination and analysis of formation cuttings made by the bit and of mud circulated out of the hole. A portion of the mud is diverted through a gas-detecting device. Cuttings brought up by the mud are examined under ultraviolet light to detect the presence of oil or gas. Mud logging is often carried out in a portable laboratory set up at the well site. Mud Motor A drilling tool made up in the drill string directly above the bit. It causes the bit to turn while the drill string remains fixed. It is used most often as a deflection tool in directional

drilling, where it is made up between the bit and a bent sub (or, sometimes, the housing of the motor itself is bent). Two principal types of downhole motor are the positive-displacement motor and the downhole turbine motor. It is also called downhole motor. Mud Pit Originally, an open pit dug in the ground to hold drilling fluid or waste materials discarded after the treatment of drilling mud. For some drilling operations, mud pits are used for suction to the mud pumps, settling of mud sediments, and storage of reserve mud. Steel tanks are much more commonly used for these purposes now, but they are still usually referred to as pits. Mud Pump A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulate the mud on a drilling rig. A typical mud pump is a two or three-cylinder piston pump whose replaceable pistons travel in replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft actuated by an engine or a motor. Mud Return Line A trough or pipe that is placed between the surface connections at the wellbore and the shale shaker. Mud Tank One of a series of open tanks, usually made of steel plate, through which the drilling mud is cycled to remove sand and fine sediments. Mud Weight A measure of the density of a drilling fluid expressed as pounds per gallon, pounds per cubic foot, or kilograms per cubic meter. Mud weight is directly related to the amount of pressure the column of drilling mud exerts at the bottom of the hole.

Mud pump is mainly used for geological drilling, geological engineering construction and foundation treatment of low and medium pressure grouting pump, etc. Mud pump is a machine that sends mud or water to the borehole during the drilling process. Mud pump is an important part of drilling equipment. All major businesses have mud pump parts for sale.

The main function of mud pump is to inject mud into the well along with the bit during the drilling process. It plays the role of cooling the drill bit, cleaning the drilling tool, fixing the well wall, driving drilling, and bringing the cuttings back to the surface after drilling.

In the commonly used positive circulation drilling, the mud pump sends the surface flushing medium-- clean water, mud or polymer flushing fluid to the end of the drill bit through the high pressure hose faucet and the center hole of the drill string under a certain pressure. Therefore, the purpose of cooling the drill bit and removing and conveying the cuttings to the surface is achieved.

Petroleum drilling mud pump is a kind of volumetric mud pump. Its basic working principle is that the volume of the sealed working chamber (mud pump cylinder liner) is periodically changed to convert the original mechanical energy into the pressure energy of the liquid to complete the operation.

The specific process relies on the reciprocating motion of the mud pump piston in the cylinder liner to make the volume of the working chamber in the cylinder liner change periodically. The mud pump cylinder liner is isolated from the outside world by means of a sealing device such as a seal ring, and communicates or closes with the pipeline through the pump valve (suction valve or discharge valve), which shows the importance of the mud pump cylinder liner. The three-cylinder mud pumps currently on the market are equipped with three cylinder sleeves.

The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

A mud pump (sometimes referred to as a mud drilling pump or drilling mud pump), is a reciprocating piston/plunger pump designed to circulate drilling fluid under high pressure (up to 7,500 psi or 52,000 kPa) down the drill string and back up the annulus. A mud pump is an important part of the equipment used for oil well drilling and manufactured according to API specification 7K.

The advantages of the drilling mud pump include the ability to move high-solids-content fluids laden with abrasives, the ability to pump large particles, ease of operation and maintenance, reliability, and the ability to operate over a wide range of pressures and flow rates by changing the diameter of pump liners and pistons.

As an important equipment for oilfield drilling operation, a drilling mud pump delivers circulating high-pressure drilling fluid or drilling mud to the bottom of the oil well, flushes the bottom of the well, breaks the rock, cools, lubricates and clean the drill bit, and carries the cuttings back to the ground.

The drilling mud is also used to suspend and carry out drill cuttings from the drill bits as it is brought in and out of the hole. This ensures that the drill bit does not clog and overheat, and makes the entire drilling operation smooth and safe.

Rotational power is supplied to the mud pump through an external power source like a diesel engine or electric motor. The power end of the mud pump converts the rotational energy through a crankshaft to a reciprocating motion of pistons.

The pistons move back and forth in mud pump liners, exerting a force on the cylinder chamber. During the retraction of the piston, valves open to allow the fluid to be drawn into the cylinder. Once the piston has fully retracted, it is pushed back into the cylinder.

A properly serviced pulsation dampener is critical for your mud pumps’ efficiency, safety, and performance. Unfortunately, there aren’t many resources available to educate personnel on executing safe and effective servicing procedures. Please review the following steps with your personnel for safe pulsation dampener maintenance.

Centrifugal Pump Monitoring and Determination of Pump Characteristic Curves Using Experimental and Analytical Solutions@inproceedings{Stan2018CentrifugalPM,

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in the industry, especially in the oil and gas sector for fluids transport.[...]Key ResultConclusions show that vibration analysis provides accurate information about the pump’s functional state and the pumping process.Moreover, the acoustic emission also enables the evaluation of the pump status, but needs further improvements to better capture and isolate the usable sounds from the environment.Expand

The drilling industry has roots dating back to the Han Dynasty in China. Improvements in rig power and equipment design have allowed for many advances in the way crude oil and natural gas are extracted from the ground. Diesel/electric oil drilling rigs can now drill wells more than 4 miles in depth. Drilling fluid, also called drilling mud, is used to help transfer the dirt or drill cuttings from the action of the drilling bit back to the surface for disposal. Drill cuttings can vary in shape and size depending on the formation or design of the drill bit used in the process.

Watch the video below to see how the EDDY Pump outperforms traditional pumps when it comes to high solids and high viscosity materials commonly found on oil rigs.

The fluid is charged into high-pressure mud pumps which pump the drilling mud down the drill string and out through the bit nozzles cleaning the hole and lubricating the drill bit so the bit can cut efficiently through the formation. The bit is cooled by the fluid and moves up the space between the pipe and the hole which is called the annulus. The fluid imparts a thin, tough layer on the inside of the hole to protect against fluid loss which can cause differential sticking.

The fluid rises through the blowout preventers and down the flowline to the shale shakers. Shale shakers are equipped with fine screens that separate drill cutting particles as fine as 50-74 microns. Table salt is around 100 microns, so these are fine cuttings that are deposited into the half-round or cuttings catch tank. The drilling fluid is further cleaned with the hydro-cyclones and centrifuges and is pumped back to the mixing area of the mud tanks where the process repeats.

The drill cuttings contain a layer of drilling fluid on the surface of the cuttings. As the size of the drill cuttings gets smaller the surface area expands exponentially which can cause rheological property problems with the fluid. The fluid will dehydrate and may become too thick or viscous to pump so solids control and dilution are important to the entire drilling process.

One of the most expensive and troubling issues with drilling operations is the handling, processing, and circulation of drilling mud along with disposing of the unwanted drill cuttings. The drilling cuttings deposited in the half round tank and are typically removed with an excavator that must move the contents of the waste bin or roll-off box. The excavators are usually rented for this duty and the equipment charges can range from $200-300/day. Add in the cost for the day and night manpower and the real cost for a single excavator can be as much as $1800/day.

Using the excavator method explained above, the unloading of 50 barrels of drill cuttings from the half round can take as long as two hours. This task is mostly performed by the solids control technicians. The prime duty for the solids control technicians is to maintain the solids control equipment in good working order. This involves maintenance for the equipment, screen monitoring and changing, centrifuge adjustments, and retort testing to prepare a daily operational summary of the solids control program.

Offshore drilling rigs follow a similar process in which the mud is loaded into empty drums and held on the oil platform. When a certain number of filled drums is met, the drums are then loaded onto barges or vessels which take the drilling mud to the shore to unload and dispose of.

Oil field drilling operations produce a tremendous volume of drill cuttings that need both removal and management. In most cases, the site managers also need to separate the cuttings from the drilling fluids so they can reuse the fluids. Storing the cuttings provides a free source of stable fill material for finished wells, while other companies choose to send them off to specialty landfills. Regardless of the final destination or use for the cuttings, drilling and dredging operations must have the right high solids slurry pumps to move them for transport, storage, or on-site processing. Exploring the differences in the various drilling fluids, cutting complications, and processing options will reveal why the EDDY Pump is the best fit for the job.

The Eddy Pump is designed to move slurry with solid content as high as 70-80 % depending on the material. This is an ideal application for pumping drill cuttings. Drill cuttings from the primary shakers are typically 50% solids and 50% liquids. The Eddy Pump moves these fluids efficiently and because of the large volute chamber and the design of the geometric rotor, there is very little wear on the pump, ensuring long life and greatly reduced maintenance cost for the lifetime of the pump.

plumbed to sweep the bottom of the collection tank and the pump is recessed into a sump allowing for a relatively clean tank when the solids are removed. The Eddy Pump is sized to load a roll-off box in 10-12 minutes. The benefit is cuttings handling is quicker, easier, safer, and allows for pre-planning loading where the labor of the solids control technician is not monopolized by loading cuttings. Here, in the below image, we’re loading 4 waste roll-off bins which will allow the safe removal of cuttings without fear of the half-round catch tank running over.

Mud cleaning systems such as mud shaker pumps and bentonite slurry pumps move the material over screens and through dryers and centrifuges to retrieve even the finest bits of stone and silt. However, the pump operators must still get the raw slurry to the drill cuttings treatment area with a power main pump. Slurry pumps designed around the power of an Eddy current offer the best performance for transferring cuttings throughout a treatment system.

Options vary depending on whether the company plans to handle drill cuttings treatment on-site or transport the materials to a remote landfill or processing facility. If the plan is to deposit the cuttings in a landfill or a long-term storage container, it’s best to invest in a pump capable of depositing the material directly into transport vehicles. Most dredging operations rely on multiple expensive vacuum trucks, secondary pumps, and extra pieces of equipment.

Using an EDDY Pump will allow a project to eliminate the need for excavators/operators to load drill cuttings, substantially lowering both labor and heavy equipment costs. The EDDY Pump also allows a company to eliminate vacuum trucks once used for cleaning the mud system for displacing fluids. Since the pump transfers muds of all types at constant pressure and velocity throughout a system of practically any size, there’s little need for extra equipment for manual transfer or clean up on the dredge site.

The EDDY Pump can fill up a truck in only 10 minutes (compared to an hour) by using a mechanical means such as an excavator. For this reason, most companies can afford one piece of equipment that can replace half a dozen other units.

This application for the Eddy Pump has the potential to revolutionize the drilling industry. Moving the excavator out of the “back yard” (the area behind the rig from the living quarters) will make cuttings handling a breeze. Trucking can be easier scheduled during daylight hours saving on overtime and incidences of fatigued driving. Rig-site forklifts can move the roll-off boxes out of the staging area and into the pump loading area. The operator can save money on excavators rental, damages, and keep the technician operating the solids control equipment.

The EDDY Pump is ideal for drilling mud pump applications and can be connected directly onto the drilling rigs to pump the drilling mud at distances over a mile for disposal. This eliminates the need for costly vacuum trucks and also the manpower needed to mechanically move the drilling mud. The reasons why the EDDY Pump is capable of moving the drilling mud is due to the hydrodynamic principle that the pump creates, which is similar to the EDDY current of a tornado. This tornado motion allows for the higher viscosity and specific gravity pumping ability. This along with the large tolerance between the volute and the rotor allows for large objects like rock cuttings to pass through the pump without obstruction. The large tolerance of the EDDY Pump also enables the pump to last many times longer than centrifugal pumps without the need for extended downtime or replacement parts. The EDDY Pump is the lowest total life cycle pump on the market.