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OILFIELD INSTRUMENTS PRESSURE INDICATING SYSTEM 1 MUD PUMP PRESSURE GAUGES Rugged standpipe-type gauges provide dependable, accurate pressure readings RIGCHINA Stand Pipe Gauges provide a quick, accurate display of pump pressure. Main applications are for standpipes and to be mounted on mud pumps. This style of gauge has been in service for many years and has proven to be a tough, dependable and reliable way to monitor pump pressure. Interchangeable with Cameron type gauges Temerature range -20 to 250(-29 to 121) 3 gauge models offering a multitude of sizes,pressure ranges and sub end...

OILFIELD INSTRUMENTS 2 PRESSURE INDICATING SYSTEM RIGCHINA’s PRESSURE gauges provide quick, accurate readings of your rigs. 2.1 E-17 DIAPHRAGM PROTECTOR 1:1 Piston Protects measuring or recording device from working fluid while transmitting no-lag, linear pressure signal. Rugged workhorse sensor found in every corner of the world doing every conceivable pressure sensing job. Robust, time proven design allows easy field repair and maintenance. Available in flanged, threaded, and weld on female sub configurations. Certified models available E-17 Diaphragm Protector. The Debooster is a stepped...

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The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

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The piston is one of the parts that most easily become worn out and experience failure in mud pumps for well drilling. By imitating the body surface morphology of the dung beetle, this paper proposed a new type (BW-160) of mud pump piston that had a dimpled shape in the regular layout on the piston leather cup surface and carried out a performance test on the self-built test rig. Firstly, the influence of different dimple diameters on the service life of the piston was analyzed. Secondly, the analysis of the influence of the dimple central included angle on the service life of the piston under the same dimple area density was obtained. Thirdly, the wear of the new type of piston under the same wear time was analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the service life of the piston with dimples on the surface was longer than that of L-Standard pistons, and the maximum increase in the value of service life was 92.06%. Finally, the Workbench module of the software ANSYS was used to discuss the wear-resisting mechanism of the new type of piston.

The mud pump is the “heart” of the drilling system [1]. It has been found that about 80% of mud pump failures are caused by piston wear. Wear is the primary cause of mud pump piston failure, and improving the wear-resisting performance of the piston-cylinder friction pair has become the key factor to improve the service life of piston.

Most of the researchers mainly improve the service life of piston through structural design, shape selection, and material usage [1, 2]. However, the structure of mud pump piston has been essentially fixed. The service life of piston is improved by increasing piston parts and changing the structures of the pistons. However, the methods have many disadvantages, for example, complicating the entire structure, making piston installation and change difficult, increasing production and processing costs, and so on. All piston leather cup lips use rubber materials, and the material of the root part of the piston leather cup is nylon or fabric; many factors restrict piston service life by changing piston materials [3]. Improving the component wear resistance through surface texturing has been extensively applied in engineering. Under multiple lubricating conditions, Etsion has studied the wear performance of the laser surface texturing of end face seal and reciprocating automotive components [4–6]. Ren et al. have researched the surface functional structure from the biomimetic perspective for many years and pointed out that a nonsmooth surface structure could improve the wear resistance property of a friction pair [7, 8]. Our group has investigated the service life and wear resistance of the striped mud pump piston, and the optimal structure parameters of the bionic strip piston have improved piston service life by 81.5% [9]. Wu et al. have exploited an internal combustion engine piston skirt with a dimpled surface, and the bionic piston has showed a 90% decrease in the average wear mass loss in contrast with the standard piston [10]. Gao et al. have developed bionic drills using bionic nonsmooth theory. Compared with the ordinary drills, the bionic drills have showed a 44% increase in drilling rate and a 74% improvement in service life [11]. The present researches indicate that microstructures, like superficial dimples and stripes, contribute to constituting dynamic pressure to improve the surface load-carrying capacity and the wear resistance of the friction pair [12–21].

In nature, insects have developed the excellent wear-resistant property in the span of billions of years. For instance, the partial body surface of the dung beetle shows an irregularly dimpled textured surface with the excellent wear-resistant property that is conducive to its living environment [7, 8, 22]. The dung beetle, which is constantly active in the soil, shows a body surface dimple structure that offers superior drag reduction. These dimples effectively reduce the contact area between the body surface and the soil. Moreover, the friction force is reduced. Therefore, the dung beetle with the nonsmooth structure provides the inspiration to design the bionic mud pump piston. This paper proposed a new type of piston with dimpled morphology on its surface and conducted a comparative and experimental study of different surface dimpled shapes, thus opening up a new potential to improve the service life of the mud pump piston.

A closed-loop circulatory system was used in the test rig, which was built according to the national standard with specific test requirements. The test rig consisted of triplex single-acting mud pump, mud tank, in-and-out pipeline, reducer valve, flow meter, pressure gauge, and its principle, as shown in Figure 1. Both the pressure and working stroke of the BW-160 mud pump are smaller than those of the large-scale mud pump, but their operating principles, structures, and working processes are identical. Therefore, the test selected a relatively small BW-160 triplex single-acting mud pump piston as a research object, and the test results and conclusion were applicable to large-scale mud pump pistons. The cylinder diameter, working stroke, reciprocating motion velocity of piston, maximum flow quantity, and working pressure of the BW-160 triplex single-acting mud pump were 70 mm, 70 mm, 130 times/min, 160 L/min, and 0.8–1.2 MPa, respectively.

The mud pump used in the test consisted of water, bentonite (meeting the API standard), and quartz sand with a diameter of 0.3–0.5 mm according to actual working conditions. The specific gravity of the prepared mud was 1.306, and its sediment concentration was 2.13%. Whether mud leakage existed at the venthole in the tail of the cylinder liner of the mud pump was taken as the standard of piston failure. Observation was made every other half an hour during the test process. It was judged that the piston in the cylinder failed when mud leaked continuously; its service life was recorded, and then it was replaced with the new test piston and cylinder liner. The BW-160 mud pump is a triplex single-acting mud pump. The wear test of three pistons could be simultaneously conducted.

The mud pump piston used in the test consisted of a steel core, leather cup, pressing plate, and clamp spring. The leather cup consisted of the lip part of polyurethane rubber and the root part of nylon; the outer diameter on the front end of the piston was 73 mm, and the outer diameter of the piston tail was 70 mm, as shown in Figure 2. We proceeded in two parts during the design of the dimpled layout pattern because the piston leather cup consisted of two parts whose materials were different. The dimples at the lip part of the leather cup adopted an isosceles triangle layout pattern, and the dimples at the root part were arranged at the central part of its axial length, as shown in Figure 3(a). Dimple diameter (D, D′), distance (L), depth (h), and central included angle (α) are shown in Figure 3. The dimples on the piston surface were processed by the CNC machining center. Since then, the residual debris inside the dimples was cleaned.

Table 1 shows that average service lives of L-Standard, L-D1, L-D2, and L-D3 were 54.67 h, 57.17 h, 76.83 h, and 87.83 h, respectively. Therefore, the mud pump pistons with dimples provide longer service life than the L-Standard piston. As the dimple diameter increases, the piston service life was improved, and the largest percentage increase of the service life was 60.65%. The service life of the L-D4 piston was about 81.17 h, which increased by 7.94% compared with that of the L-D2 piston, indicating that the piston with dimples at the leather cup root could improve piston service life.

Figure 4 illustrates the surface wear patterns of pistons with different dimple diameters in the service life test. Figures 4(a) and 4(a′) show wear patterns on the surface of the L-Standard piston. This figure shows that intensive scratches existed in parallel arrangement on the piston leather cup surface, enabling high-pressure mud to move along the scratches from one end of the piston to the other easily, which accelerated the abrasive wear failure with the abrasive particles of the piston. Figures 4(b), 4(b′), 4(c), 4(c′), 4(d), and 4(d′) show the wear patterns of the leather cup surfaces of L-D1, L-D2, and L-D3 pistons, respectively. Figures 4(b), 4(b′), 4(c), 4(c′), 4(d), and 4(d′) show that the scratches on the leather cup surface became shallower and sparser and the surface wear patterns improved more obviously as the dimple diameter increased. If the piston leather cup surface strength was not affected to an extent as the dimple diameter increased, the reduced wear zone near the dimple would become greater and greater, indicating that the existence of dimples changed the lubricating status of the leather cup surface, their influence on nearby dimpled parts was more obvious, and they played active roles in improving the service life of the piston.

Figure 5 displays the wear patterns of the leather cup root parts of the L-D4 and L-D2 test pistons. The wear patterns of the nylon root parts of the L-D4 pistons are fewer than those of the L-D2 pistons, as shown in Figure 5. When the leather cup squeezed out high-pressure mud as driven by the piston steel core, it experienced radial squeezing while experiencing axial wear. Therefore, the area with the most serious wear was the piston leather cup root part, and the friction force at the leather cup root was much greater than that at the other areas. The rapid wear at the root decreased the piston load-carrying capacity and then affected the service life of piston. The dimples at the piston leather cup root could reduce the wear of the piston leather cup root and improve the service life of piston.

Figure 6 shows the surface wear patterns of the L-S1 and L-S2 test pistons. In Figures 6(a) and 6(a′), the scratches on the piston leather cup surface became sparse and shallow in the dimpled area. Figures 6(b) and 6(b′) show that the wear was slight in the area close to the dimples. The farther the scratches were from the dimpled area, the denser and deeper the scratches would be. The L-S1 piston had a small dimple central included angle, which was arranged more closely on the piston surface. The lubricating effects of oil storage in each row of dimples were overlaid very well, which was equivalent to amplifying the effect of each row of dimples in Figure 6(b), making the wear on the whole piston leather cup surface slight, preventing the entry of high-pressure mud into the frictional interface, and lengthening the service life of piston.

During the operation of the mud pump piston, the outside surface of the piston leather cup comes in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder liner and simultaneously moves to push the mud. The lip part of the piston leather cup mainly participated in the piston wear and exerted a sealing effect, while the piston root part mainly exerted centralizing and transitional effects. In the mud discharge stroke, the lip part of the piston experienced a “centripetal effect,” and a gap was generated between the lip part and the cylinder liner. The greater the contact pressure between the lip part and cylinder liner of the piston was, the smaller the gap was, and the entry of high-pressure mud into the contact surface between the piston and cylinder liner was more difficult. The piston root easily experienced squeezing under high pressure, and the smaller the equivalent stress caused by the piston root was, the more difficult the squeezing to occur. Hence, the contact pressure at the lip part of the piston and the equivalent stress at the root were analyzed, and they would provide a theoretical basis for the piston wear-resisting mechanism. The ANSYS Workbench module was used to perform a comparative analysis between the contact pressure at the lip part and the equivalent stress at the root of the three kinds of pistons (i.e., L-Standard piston, L-S1 piston, and L-D1 piston). The service life of the L-S1 piston exhibited the best improvement effect, whereas that of the L-D1 piston demonstrated the worst improvement effect. The piston adopted a 1 mm hexahedral grid, and the grid nodes and elements are as shown in Table 4.

The lubricating oil on the mud pump piston surface could reduce the wear of piston and cylinder liner and improve the service life of pistons with the reciprocating movement. The lubricating oil would eventually run off and lose lubricating effect, which would result in piston wear. The finite element fluid dynamics software CFX was used to establish the fluid domain model of the dimpled and L-Standard pistons and analyze the lubricating state on the piston surface. The piston surface streamlines are shown in Figure 10. This figure shows that the lubricating fluid did not experience truncation or backflow phenomenon when passing the surface of the L-Standard piston. When the lubricating fluid flowed through the surface of the dimpled piston, it presented a noncontinuous process. Its flow velocity at the dimpled structure slowed down obviously because it was blocked by the dimpled structure.

When the piston moved in the cylinder liner, a small quantity of solid particles in mud entered gap of piston and cylinder liner and participated in abrasion. The dimpled structure on the piston surface could store some abrasive particles (as shown in Figure 6(a′)) during the piston wear process to prevent these particles from scratching the piston and cylinder liner and generating gullies, thus avoiding secondary damage to the piston and cylinder liner and improving the piston service life.

This paper presented a dimpled-shape mud pump piston; that is, the piston leather cup surface had a dimpled array morphology in regular arrangement. The experimental results can provide the basic data for design engineering of the mud pump piston with a long service life. The comparative analyses of service life and wear patterns for dimpled mud pump pistons and L-Standard pistons were conducted. The main results and conclusions were summarized as follows:(1)The service life of the mud pump piston with dimpled morphology on the surface improved in comparison with that of the L-Standard piston, and the service life increase percentages were from 4.57% to 92.06%.(2)The piston service life would increase with the dimple diameter under the same dimpled arrangement pattern, and the maximum increase in the value of service life was 60.65%.(3)The service life of the piston with dimples increased by 7.94% in comparison with that with none.(4)Under the same dimpled arrangement patterns and area densities, the tighter and closer the dimples were arranged on the piston surface, the longer the service life of piston was, and the maximum increase in the value of service life was 92.06%.(5)Under the same wear time, the wear of the dimpled piston slightly decreased in comparison with that of the L-Standard piston, and the minimum value of wear mass percentage was 3.83%.(6)The dimpled shape could not only change the stress state of the piston structure, improve piston wear resistance, and reduce root squeezing, but also increase oil storage space, improve lubricating conditions, and enable the accommodation of some abrasive particles. Furthermore, the dimpled shape was the key factor for the service life improvement of the mud pump piston.

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What is a mud pump? A mud pump refers to a machine that transports mud or water and other flushing fluid into the borehole during drilling. Types of mud pumps are an important part of drilling equipment. In the commonly used positive circulation drilling, it is to send the surface flushing medium—clear water, mud, or polymer rinsing liquid to the bottom end of the drill bit through a high-pressure hose, faucet, and drill rod center hole under a certain pressure. Cool the drill bit, remove the cut debris and transport it to the surface.

The commonly used mud pump is a piston-type or a plunger type, and the crankshaft of the pump is driven by the power machine, and the crankshaft passes the crosshead to drive the piston or the plunger to reciprocate in the pump cylinder. Under the alternating action of the suction and discharge valves, the purpose of pumping and circulating the flushing liquid is achieved.

During operation, the power machine drives the main shaft and the crank that is fixed thereon by a transmission component such as a belt, a transmission shaft, and a gear. When the crank rotates counterclockwise from the horizontal position from left to right, the piston moves to the power end, the pressure in the liquid cylinder gradually decreases and a vacuum is formed, and the liquid in the suction pool is under the action of the liquid surface pressure, and the suction valve is opened to enter the liquid cylinder. Until the piston moves to the right stop. This working process is called the suction process of the pump.

After the crank completes the above suction process, it continues to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the piston starts to move toward the hydraulic end (left side in the figure), and the liquid in the cylinder is squeezed. The pressure rises, the suction valve closes, and the discharge valve is closed. Top open, liquid enters the discharge pipe until the piston moves to the left stop. This process is called the pump discharge process. As the power machine continues to operate, the reciprocating pump continuously repeats the process of inhaling and discharging, and the liquid in the suction pool is continuously sent to the bottom of the well through the discharge pipe.

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The concept of the lurry pump and mud pump is very close, many people do not know what the difference is. Although both mud pump and slurry pump are impurity pumps, if you fully understand these two types of pumps, you can clearly distinguish them from the application and the characteristics of the conveying medium. In this article, we will introduce the differences between mud pump and slurry pump from 4 aspects.

Conveying Medium. The slurry pump is mainly used in the mining industry, and its wear resistance is relatively strong. So it can not only transport slag-containing mud, but also mud. Slurry pumps are usually made of cast iron, and the pumps have low wear resistance. Therefore, mud pumps are often used to transport mud containing suspended particles. When the slurry pump is working, the pump parts are susceptible to impact, wear and corrosion. Therefore, the bushing of the slurry pump adopts wear-resistant materials, such as high-chromium alloy, rubber, etc. The use of wear-resistant materials can effectively reduce the wear parts of the pump. Therefore, most of the slurry pumps on the market are wear-resistant slurry pumps.

Working Principle. For the mud pump, the motor drives the piston to move through the connecting rod mechanism, which causes the change of the volume of the sealed cavity of the mud pump. And make the pressure difference inside and outside the pump change. Finally, the process of water absorption and drainage is completed. When the slurry pump is working, the motor drives the impeller to rotate, thereby increasing the kinetic energy of the slurry. At the same time, the slurry flows to the edge of the impeller due to inertia, and is discharged from the drain pipe at a high speed.

Application. The slurry pump is widely used for solid slurry transportation in metallurgy, dredging, mining, electric power, coal and other industries. Mud pumps are mainly used in papermaking, drilling, winemaking, pharmaceutical and other industries to transport suspensions.

Auxiliary Equipment. Auxiliary equipment is required when using a mud pump, but not a slurry pump. The mud pump often needs to be used together with the high pressure water pump. The high-pressure pump sends water at a higher pressure than the mud pump to the leak-proof packing. Then protect the packaging. Otherwise, it is easy to wear the sealing parts. However, the wear-resistant pulp pump can complete the conveying work independently, and does not need to be equipped with other auxiliary equipment.

In short, the mud pump not only has stronger wear resistance, but also has a stronger ability to transport particles. Generally, the capacity of the slurry pump is larger than that of the slurry pump, and it is mainly suitable for the washing of coal and metal ore. The mud pump is more suitable for the occasion of daily life. ATO shop provides different models vertical mud pump, such as 2 inch mud pump, 3 inch mud pump, 4 inch mud pump and so on.

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Mud pumps are essential equipment for any oil or gas well. They are used to move drilling mud and other fluids needed during the drilling process. To select the right mud pump for your well, you need to understand the different types available and what each one can do.

In this article, we will take a comprehensive look at mud pumps and provide you with all the information you need to make an informed purchase. We will also discuss how mud pumps are used in drilling operations and highlight some of their key features. By the end of this article, you will clearly understand what mud pumps are and what they can do for your well.

A mud pump is a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that is specifically designed for use in drilling operations. It helps to circulate the drilling fluid (or “mud”) through the drill bit and back up to the surface. The mud pump also provides pressure to keep the drill bit from becoming plugged.

The pump creates suction that pulls the drilling fluid from the pit and then uses its piston to push the fluid back up the well. This action not only circulates the fluid but also helps to remove any cuttings or debris that may have been generated during the drilling process. Mud pumps are an essential part of the drilling process and are typically used in conjunction with other pumps, such as centrifugal pumps, to create a complete pumping system. Without a mud pump, drilling would not be possible.

There are many different types of mud pumps, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, pump experts generally understand the requirement and then suggest which type of pump design would be more efficient. Here are five of the most popular types:

Piston mud pumps are the most common type of mud pump. They use a piston to draw mud from the pit and then force it to the drill bit through the hose. Piston mud pumps are very durable and can handle a lot of pressure. However, they are also very loud and can be challenging to operate.

Plunger mud pumps work similarly to piston mud pumps, but they use a plunger instead of a piston. As a result, plunger mud pumps are quieter than piston mud pumps and are easier to operate. However, plunger mud pumps are not as durable and can only handle a limited amount of pressure.

Hydraulic mud pumps use hydraulic power to draw mud from the pit. They are very powerful and can handle a lot of pressure. However, these types of pumps are generally costly and can be challenging to operate.

Diaphragm mud pumps use a diaphragm to draw mud from the pit. They are less powerful than hydraulic mud pumps but are much cheaper. They are also easier to operate. These merits make such pumps more used in small scale operations.

Peristaltic mud pumps use peristaltic action to draw mud from the pit. They are the most expensive type of mud pump but are also the most powerful. Unfortunately, they are also the most difficult to operate. But given their operational power, they are used in large-scale mining and drilling operations.

Even though mud pumps are very lucrative for mining and drilling purposes, they exhibit many more merits, making them useful in other industries. Following are some of the main advantages of mud pumps:

Mud pumps help to increase the efficiency of drilling operations by allowing for fluid circulation and cooling of the drill bit. This results in faster drilling and less wear on the equipment.

Mud pumps also help to improve safety during drilling operations by providing a means to circulate and cool the drill bit, which reduces the risk of overheating and fire.

Mud pumps can also help to improve the accuracy of drilling operations by preventing the drill bit from wandering off course due to excessive heat build-up.

The use of mud pumps can also help to reduce the costs associated with drilling operations by reducing the need for frequent replacement of drill bits and other worn items.

The use of mud pumps can also help to increase the productivity of drilling operations by reducing the downtime associated with the frequent replacement of drill bits and other worn items.

Mud pumps are an essential part of the oil and gas industry, as they are used to pump drilling fluid (mud) into the drill hole. There are many different mud pumps, each with its own unique set of features and applications. A reliable pump expert will help you choose which pump to use where. Here are 10 of the most common applications for mud pumps:

Mud pumps are extensively used to circulate drilling fluid during the drilling process. This helps to cool and lubricate the drill bit and remove cuttings from the hole.

Mud pumps are also used in hydraulic fracturing operations, where high-pressure fluid is injected into the rock formation to create fractures. The pump helps to circulate the fracturing fluid and keep the pressure at the desired level.

Mud pumps are sometimes used in geothermal operations to circulate water or other fluids through the drilled well. This helps extract heat from the rock and bring it to the surface.

In coal seam gas extraction, mud pumps are used to circulate water and chemicals through the coal seam to dissolve the methane gas and make it easier to extract.

In potash mining, mud pumps are used to circulate brine solution through the ore body to dissolve the potassium chloride (potash) and pump it out of the mine.

Mud pumps are often used in water well drilling operations to circulate water through the drill hole and help flush out any cuttings or debris. Pump experts can customize mud pumps to suit this application.

In tunnelling operations, mud pumps can circulate a slurry of water and clay through the drilling area. This helps to stabilize the walls of the tunnel and prevent collapse.

Mud pumps are sometimes used in pipeline operations to help clean and inspect the inside of the pipe. The pump circulates water or other fluids through the pipe to remove any build-up or debris.

In environmental remediation projects, mud pumps can circulate water or chemicals through contaminated soil or groundwater. This helps to break down contaminants and make them easier to remove.

Mud pumps can also be used in construction projects to help remove water from the site or stabilize the ground. For this application, they are extensively used in large construction sites.

Mud pumps are an essential part of many different industries and have various applications. If you need a mud pump for your next project, be sure to consult with a pump expert to find the right pump for your needs.