oil well drilling rig mud pump pricelist

If you are supplying pump supplies, you can find the most favorable prices at Alibaba.com. Whether you will be working with piston type or diaphragm type systems, reciprocating or centrifugal, Alibaba.com has everything you need. You can also shop for different sizes drilling mud pump price wholesale for your metering applications. If you operate a construction site, then you could need to find some concrete pump solutions that you can find at affordable rates at Alibaba.com. Visit the platform and browse through the collection of submersible and inline pump system, among other replaceable models.

A drilling mud pump price comes in different makes and sizes, and you buy the tool depending on the application. The pump used by a filling station is not the one you use to fill up your tanks. There are high flow rate low pressure systems used to transfer fluids axially. On the other hand, you can go with radial ones dealing with a low flow rate and high-pressure fluid. The mixed flow pump variety combines radial and axial transfer mechanisms and works with medium flow and pressure fluids. Depending on what it will be pumping, you can then choose the drilling mud pump price of choice from the collection at Alibaba.com.

Alibaba.com has been an excellent wholesale supplier of drilling mud pump price for years. The supply consists of a vast number of brands to choose from, comes in different sizes, operations, and power sources. You can get a pump for residential and large commercial applications from the collection. Whether you want a water pump for your home, or run a repair and maintenance business, and need a supply of dr drill mud pump prices, you can find the product you want from the vast collection at Alibaba.com.ther it is for refrigeration, air conditioning, transfer, or a simple car wash business, anything you want, Alibaba.com has it.

There are three types of mud pumps, depending on the type of client and the size they want. For general, mud pumps, there are three basic types of mud pumps, depending on the type of client and budget. The piston pump is another compressed mud pump, which is a pushed electric compressor mud pumps and by compressed air.@@@@@

Electric mud pumps are largely divided into three categories, among them the electric mud pumps and the semi-trash mud pumps. The piston inflated mud pumps are also classified in terms of the type of mud pumps, among them are electric mud pumps and semi-trash mud pumps. In addition, the piston inflates mud and mud pumps will be inflated by the piston, which is inflated mud pumps.

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The 2,200-hp mud pump for offshore applications is a single-acting reciprocating triplex mud pump designed for high fluid flow rates, even at low operating speeds, and with a long stroke design. These features reduce the number of load reversals in critical components and increase the life of fluid end parts.

The pump’s critical components are strategically placed to make maintenance and inspection far easier and safer. The two-piece, quick-release piston rod lets you remove the piston without disturbing the liner, minimizing downtime when you’re replacing fluid parts.

You are viewing three (3) fully reconditioned National Oilwell 12P160 Triplex Mud Pumps for sale by Pickett Oilfield, LLC. These National 12-P-160 Mud Pumps are Rebuilt and Ready to go to work.

Some refurbishments include: Fully reconditioned mud pump assembly. Pinion shaft assembly complete with new SKF bearings and new seals. Pump internals painted with Oil Resistant 2 Part epoxy Jotun Tank guard. MPI inspection of all critical areas of pump frame. MPI of all load path components of Crankshaft and Pinion shaft assemblies, and all new Southwest Premium “L” Shape 6,000 psi Fluid End Modules. A full Data Pack with all dimensional control & MPI reports will be furnished.

Warranty on National 12-P-160 Triplex Mud Pumps: All new parts fitted come with a 12 month warranty or such as offered by the part manufacturer; The refurbished GE-752 traction motors come with an 18 month warranty.

Pickett Oilfield, LLC offers prospective buyers an extensive selection of quality new, used, and refurbished Oilfield Drilling Equipment at competitive prices, including Triplex Mud pumps.

Welcome to Pickett Oilfield’s mud pumps web page. Our company has been in the oil & gas drilling equipment industry for over 38 years, supplying new and used mud pumps and mud pump parts to customers in practically every producing region in the world. We are here to serve all your drilling equipment needs – if you don’t see it on this site, just give us a call or email. We can get it, if you need it!

Pickett Oilfield, LLC offers prospective buyers and extensive selection of quality new and used oil & gas drilling equipment, including mud pumps and parts to choose from at competitive prices. Browse our inventory of mud pumps and mud pump parts for sale at competitive rates.For more information or to request a quote, please Contact Us at 936-336-5154 or email to Sales@PickettOilfield.com.

We know that cost savings on identical spare parts is important for offshore rig Companies today. Therefore we provide our services and spare parts at considerable cost reductions compared to sourcing from the major OEMs. Tratec can guarantee identical parts with all required part certificates. We maintaing the highest quality, using state-of-the art service facilities and experienced, specialist mud pump engineers for service work.

Tratec has supplied more than 20 mud pump spare part, overhaul and recertification projects the last 5 years. References include rig companies Odfjell Drilling, Maersk Drilling, Archer, Saipem, KCA Deutag, and others.

Tratec is an experienced specialist supplier of overhaul, SPS, parts and service for rig and drilling equipment. We can provide Norwegian quality and decades of experience, while maintaning sensible prices and flexible solutions.

Tratec have delivered solid cost savings to our customers. This is due to our lower cost base, system with access to identical parts directly from manufacturer, and utilizing our experienced drilling equipment employees at very competitive rates.

Tratec can supply overhaul and parts compatible with the following Mud Pump makers and trademarks: National Oilwell Varco (NOV), MHWirth, Continental Emsco, Gardner Denver, Lewco, Drillmec, and others. Tratec is an independent supplier of drilling equipment parts. Tratec is neither a licensee, nor is affiliated with any of the named original equipment manufacturers (OEM). The manufacturer’s names, equipment names, or trademarks used herein are solely for identification purposes, and are not intended by Tratec to cause confusion as to the source, sponsorship, or quality of the parts supplied by Tratec. The original equipment manufacturers named above and throughout this website do not sponsor, promote, warranty or endorse Tratec’s supply of parts.

Mud pump is one of the most critical equipment on the rig; therefore personnel on the rig must have good understanding about it. We’ve tried to find the good training about it but it is very difficult to find until we’ve seen this VDO training and it is a fantastic VDO training about the basic of mud pumps used in the oilfield. Total length of this VDO is about thirteen minutes and it is worth to watch it. You will learn about it so quickly. Additionally, we also add the full detailed transcripts which will acceleate the learning curve of learners.

Powerful mud pumps pick up mud from the suction tank and circulate the mud down hole, out the bit and back to the surface. Although rigs usually have two mud pumps and sometimes three or four, normally they use only one at a time. The others are mainly used as backup just in case one fails. Sometimes however the rig crew may compound the pumps, that is, they may use three or four pumps at the same time to move large volumes of mud when required.

Rigs use one of two types of mud pumps, Triplex pumps or Duplex pumps. Triplex pumps have three pistons that move back-and-forth in liners. Duplex pumps have two pistons move back and forth in liners.

Triplex pumps have many advantages they weight 30% less than a duplex of equal horsepower or kilowatts. The lighter weight parts are easier to handle and therefore easier to maintain. The other advantages include;

• One of the more important advantages of triplex over duplex pumps, is that they can move large volumes of mud at the higher pressure is required for modern deep hole drilling.

Triplex pumps are gradually phasing out duplex units. In a triplex pump, the pistons discharge mud only when they move forward in the liner. Then, when they moved back they draw in mud on the same side of the piston. Because of this, they are also called “single acting.” Single acting triplex pumps, pump mud at a relatively high speeds. Input horsepower ranges from 220 to 2200 or 164 to 1641 kW. Large pumps can pump over 1100 gallons per minute, over 4000 L per minute. Some big pumps have a maximum rated pressure of over 7000 psi over 50,000 kPa with 5 inch/127 mm liners.

Here is a schematic of a triplex pump. It has three pistons each moving in its own liner. It also has three intake valves and three discharge valves. It also has a pulsation dampener in the discharge line.

Look at the piston at left, it has just completed pushing mud out of the liner through the open discharge valve. The piston is at its maximum point of forward travel. The other two pistons are at other positions in their travel and are also pumping mud. But for now, concentrate on the left one to understand how the pump works. The left piston has completed its backstroke drawing in mud through the open intake valve. As the piston moved back it instead of the intake valve off its seat and drew mud in. A strong spring holds the discharge above closed. The left piston has moved forward pushing mud through the now open discharge valve. A strong spring holds the intake valve closed. They left piston has completed its forward stroke they form the length of the liner completely discharging the mud from it. All three pistons work together to keep a continuous flow of mud coming into and out of the pump.

Crewmembers can change the liners and pistons. Not only can they replace worn out ones, they can also install different sizes. Generally they use large liners and pistons when the pump needs to move large volumes of mud at relatively low pressure. They use a small liners and pistons when the pump needs to move smaller volumes of mud at a relatively high pressure.

In a duplex pump, pistons discharge mud on one side of the piston and at the same time, take in mud on the other side. Notice the top piston and the liner. As the piston moves forward, it discharges mud on one side as it draws in mud on the other then as it moves back, it discharges mud on the other side and draws in mud on the side it at had earlier discharge it. Duplex pumps are therefore double acting.

Double acting pumps move more mud on a single stroke than a triplex. However, because of they are double acting they have a seal around the piston rod. This seal keeps them from moving as fast as a triplex. Input horsepower ranges from 190 to 1790 hp or from 142 to 1335 kW. The largest pumps maximum rated working pressure is about 5000 psi, almost 35,000 kPa with 6 inch/152 mm linings.

A mud pump has a fluid end, our end and intake and the discharge valves. The fluid end of the pump contains the pistons with liners which take in or discharge the fluid or mud. The pump pistons draw in mud through the intake valves and push mud out through the discharge valves.

The power end houses the large crankshaft and gear assembly that moves the piston assemblies on the fluid end. Pumps are powered by a pump motor. Large modern diesel/electric rigs use powerful electric motors to drive the pump. Mechanical rigs use chain drives or power bands (belts) from the rig’s engines and compounds to drive the pump.

A pulsation dampener connected to the pump’s discharge line smooths out surges created by the pistons as they discharge mud. This is a standard bladder type dampener. The bladder and the dampener body, separates pressurized nitrogen gas above from mud below. The bladder is made from synthetic rubber and is flexible. When mud discharge pressure presses against the bottom of the bladder, nitrogen pressure above the bladder resists it. This resistance smoothes out the surges of mud leaving the pump.

Here is the latest type of pulsation dampener, it does not have a bladder. It is a sphere about 4 feet or 1.2 m in diameter. It is built into the mud pump’s discharge line. The large chamber is form of mud. It has no moving parts so it does not need maintenance. The mud in the large volume sphere, absorbs this surges of mud leaving the pump.

A suction dampener smooths out the flow of mud entering into the pump. Crewmembers mount it on the triplex mud pump’s suction line. Inside the steel chamber is a air charged rubber bladder or diaphragm. The crew charges of the bladder about 10 to 15 psi/50 to 100 kPa. The suction dampener absorbs surges in the mud pump’s suction line caused by the fast-moving pump pistons. The pistons, constantly starts and stops the mud’s flow through the pump. At the other end of the charging line a suction pumps sends a smooth flow of mud to the pump’s intake. When the smooth flow meets the surging flow, the impact is absorbed by the dampener.

Workers always install a discharge pressure relief valve. They install it on the pump’s discharge side in or near the discharge line. If for some reason too much pressure builds up in the discharge line, perhaps the drill bit or annulus gets plugged, the relief valve opens. That opened above protects the mud pump and system damage from over pressure.

Some rig owners install a suction line relief valve. They install it on top of the suction line near the suction dampener. They mount it on top so that it won’t clog up with mud when the system is shut down. A suction relief valve protects the charging pump and the suction line dampener. A suction relief valve usually has a 2 inch or 50 mm seat opening. The installer normally adjusts it to 70 psi or 500 kPa relieving pressure. If both the suction and the discharged valves failed on the same side of the pump, high back flow or a pressure surge would occur. The high backflow could damage the charging pump or the suction line dampener. The discharge line is a high-pressure line through which the pump moves mud. From the discharge line, the mud goes through the stand pipe and rotary hose to the drill string equipment.

Once the well pad has been constructed it"s time mobilize the drilling rig and assemble it on the well pad to allow well drilling operations to begin. Most energy companies do not own or maintain their own drilling rigs and therefore they lease rigs from a drilling service company. In fact, energy companies generally outsource the majority of the specialty services they need to develop oil and gas, everything from the seismic work, well site development, drilling, and fracturing, but they do provide technical direction, project management and the money to fund the operation. For shale well drilling specialized drilling rigs are required to handle long and heavy drill strings in order to drill thousands of feet into the ground vertically and then thousands more feet horizontally. These rigs may cost $50,000/day or more to lease, along with the costs of drilling the well with a crew and materials such as casing and cement. A typical well in the Marcellus shale may cost $3-5 million to drill and construct, along with another $3-5 million to hydraulically fracture, so a well may cost between $6-10 million dollars to develop before any oil or gas can be produced, on top of all the upfront exploration, leasing, and well pad construction work.

The drilling rigs used in shale development are usually "top-drive" rigs that are capable of "walking" short distances (on the order of 20 feet) in order to drill multiple wells on one well pad without the need to dis-assemble and re-assemble the rig between each well. Drilling rigs have a lot of moving parts and it can be confusing to know what everything does, especially when drillers use funny-sounding names like monkeyboard and doghouse to describe some of the major components. Below is a graphic with the major components of a drilling rig labeled.

Now we need to develop an understanding of the well drilling process and the safety and environmental protections utilized. A first step in preparing the surface for the drill hole is to install structural casing, commonly known as the cellar, which is typically a 6-10" diameter circular excavation or boring that is lined with a corrugated pipe to stabilize near-surface unconsolidated materials (soil) and to provide sufficient working area for drilling equipment. Drilling requires a drilling bit at the end which is attached to drill string that can be added in segments (typically 30-feet) as the borehole is advanced deeper into the earth as the drilling bit chips and grinds the rock. Drilling bits vary in design, but either a roller-cone bit with three rotating cones or a fixed cutter bit depending on geologic conditions. The steel cones or fixed cutting surfaces are studded with harder tungsten carbide or even diamonds to improve cutting, abrasion, and durability. The drill rig needs to have considerable strength to hold and pull thousands of feet of drill pipe and the drilling bit which is suspended from the rig, this is actually in tension rather than compression.

A drilling fluid is necessary to circulate in the borehole around the drill bit for at least three reasons: 1) to cool the bit and provide lubrication; 2) to lift cuttings (the rock fragments formed during drilling) to the surface (otherwise they would clog the hole); and 3) to counteract the higher gas and fluid pressure in deeper horizons that would cause the well to "blow out." In the shallower part of a hole, drilling must be done with air, fresh water or water-based mud to prevent contamination of the shallow freshwater aquifers. Generally, the salt content (salinity) of fluids trapped in small voids (called pores) in sedimentary strata increases with depth from near-surface drinking-water quality groundwater (less than 500 parts per million dissolved solids), to waters that may have nearly 10 times the salt content of ocean water (ocean water averages about 35,000 parts per million dissolved solids). Deeper in the well, the fluids circulating in the hole must be more and more dense so that their weight will counteract the pressure of gases encountered during drilling that will attempt to rise up the hole. These fluids are actually specially-formulated drilling "mud", a mixture of water, clays, and, commonly a dense mineral called "barite." Drillers monitor subsurface pressure while drilling and constantly adjust the mud density to match the pressure to avoid blowouts and other drilling complications. The driller is in charge of advancing the well into the earth, and sits in the "doghouse" (sounds like they may be in trouble, but they"re not!) which is a control room that monitors downhole conditions, drilling depth, drilling direction, weight-on-bit, mud weight, and other data with a clear view of operations on the rig floor.

The process of actually drilling a well begins with drilling in and setting the "conductor casing" which is the largest diameter casing (typically 20-24" in diameter) in the wellbore. Casing must meet American Petroleum Institute (API) strength standards and is fabricated from strong, low-carbon steel. The conductor casing helps to maintain borehole stability in soils and weathered bedrock. The conductor casing provides a connection for the installation of the casing head and blowout prevention stack. A "blowout preventer" will be installed on the conductor casing to prevent any higher pressure zones encountered during deeper drilling from causing a loss of well control incident, otherwise known as a blowout. Subsequent strings of casing (surface, intermediate, and production casing) have decreasing diameters and are hung inside the conductor casing to isolate water from producing formations and to control well pressures during drilling and production. The size of the drilling bits used to drill vertical sections of borehole decrease with depth as does the associated casing diameter installed within in each size borehole, some would describe it as telescoping. Surface casing is set to isolate fresh groundwater from the deeper portion of the well, and prevent lost circulation (drilling fluids flowing into low-pressure, porous formations). The intermediate casing provides protection from deeper low-pressure, gas, oil or brine-bearing zones if they are encountered before the target horizon. Production casing is the last string installed and is set from the surface to the end of the horizontal part of the hole (5.5-inch diameter). This figure provides a cross-section of a typical horizontal well, showing typical casing sizes and depths along the with the purpose of each casing string.

From the "kick-off" point, where the well begins the transition from vertical to horizontal, a different drilling technique is used, with a special drill collar and "mud motor" that can bend at a maximum angle of 3 degrees as shown in the figure below. The angle of the drilling bit/mud motor allows the well to be steered in the direction the drilling bit is pointing. As shown above, in the well cross-section, it takes some vertical distance to actually go from the vertical hole to a horizontal segment, typically about 1,000 feet. The mud motor is driven by a specially-formulated drilling mud pumped at high pressures through the mud motor system causing the bit to rotate. However, the speed of rotation is slower (about 50 rpm) than for the vertical drill bit because of the eccentric nature of the angled system, which would cause excessive wear if rotation rates were greater. Just above the drilling bit/mud motor is the "bottom-hole assembly" which houses a telemetry system with magnetic sensors that can transmit position information to the surface sensors near the drilling bit, including gamma radiation detector, gas sensor, resistivity, and density. Getting this information in real time allows the drilling engineering team to steer the drill bit and well borehole through the most desirable sections of the shale, which is known as "geosteering".

The vertical depth and length of a shale well vary depending on geologic conditions. In the Marcellus shale, the vertical section of a well is commonly 5,000-9,000 feet deep while the horizontal section, also known as the lateral, may be several thousand to upwards of 20,000 feet long! The trend in the Marcellus and other shale plays is for longer laterals to be drilled, which intercepts more shale and therefore can make the well more productive.

Narrator: Before drilling begins, we prepare a temporary drill site called a well pad. Our operations are confined to small, controlled sites, in mostly rural areas. We run a very low risk of large-scale damage to the environment. As we create the well pad, you"ll start seeing Chesapeake"s environmental safety measures at work. A 30-millimeter liner underlines the majority of the well pad. Under the rig itself, there"s a rubber composite mat that further protects the surface of the ground, with trenching around mats to collect any fluid migration. Any container or pump on site, holding a potentially harmful material, is stored in secondary containment. Diesel fuel tanks have five redundant levels of containment. A super powerful vacuum that can suck up anything that might need to be contained is also on location. And the well pad itself is surrounded by a 30-inch earthen berm.

Stan Cherry, Chesapeake Energy: The earth berms are designed and constructed around all of our locations here in the Marcellus Shale. They totally surround the location. They are used to direct the runoff, such as rain water or snowmelt, to the sump pump. Which we use that sump pump to redirect that flood to the drilling rig for reuse. If that fluid is not usable, then we dispose of it properly. This level of protection is on every well site that Chesapeake has in the Marcellus Shale.

Narrator: Now that you know a little about what"s being done to ensure each Chesapeake well pad and rig are environmentally safe, we"d like to give you an overview of how the drilling process works. There are two ways to drill for natural gas. Vertically, which was how drilling was done for the first hundred years or so, and horizontally, which technological advancements have made possible today. Vertical drilling is just like it sounds, drilling straight down. But in horizontal drilling, the drill bit is actually propelled parallel to the Earth"s surface, after reaching a desired depth. Horizontal drilling has become one of the industry"s most valuable technologies, because it allows better formation recovery, with the biggest concentrations of clean natural gas, with minimal surface disturbance.

Stan Cherry, Chesapeake Energy: We utilize horizontal drilling to recover the natural gas off of one pad that it would require 36 pads for vertical drilling, that we can do with horizontal drilling. This also reduces the need for multiple access roads and reduces the environmental impact.

Narrator: It"s obvious, drilling has evolved significantly since its origin in Titusville Pennsylvania back in 1859, when the placement of a rig was largely hit or miss. Today there"s a lot of technology involved that eliminates guesswork, further enhancing the prospects for successful drilling and minimal surface disruption. Chesapeake has its own reservoir Technology Center where we determine whether an area is a viable natural gas production resource or not. For the landowners, that means we know quickly if their land is worth drilling.

Drilling one well lasts about three to four weeks, running 24 hours a day and seven days a week. The process alternates between drilling the hole and installing casing in the drilled hole. Part of the installation process includes cementing each layer of casing into place. Casing provides a strong protective steel pathway for the production tubing that transports the gas. And casing offers layers of separation between the production tubing and the surrounding earth. We repeat the processes of drilling and running casing until the drill bit reaches the depth selected by geologists, known as total depth. The drilling process is controlled by the rig.

Stan Cherry, Chesapeake Energy: We move the drilling rig into the location and we utilize the drilling rig to hoist the drill pipe and drill collars in and out of the hole. The mast and the substructure are designed to handle heavy equipment that allows us to move the drill pipe and drill collars in and out of the hole. Now when we run the drill pipe and collars in the hole we call that tripping in the hole, when we pull the pipe out, then we call that tripping out of the hole. Now when we get through tripping the drill pipe and collars in the hole, we utilize a top drive unit to drive the drill string and it drives many, many thousands of feet of drill pipe and collars while we"re drilling.

Narrator: That"s the big picture, now some drilling details. Before we even bring the rig on-site, we drill a hole 50 to 80 feet deep. Here we install conductor casing, the first of at least seven layers of protection, ensuring the well is safely and securely isolated from the surrounding earth and shallow drinking water aquifers. The first layer of casing also ensures the wellbore is stable.

Josh Bradford, Chesapeake Energy: Casing provides stability to the wellbore. Our wells contain seven layers of protection. The first three contain steel casing that"s run in the hole, there"s cement sheathing placed around them. The seventh layer is production tubing which is run in the hole during completion operations.

Narrator: When the rig is on site, surface casing is installed and cemented inside the conductor casing for additional protection. Although it"s called surface casing, it actually extends from the ground surface to depths typically between 1,000 and 1,400 feet down. The surface casing and cement completely isolate the well from even the deepest drinking water zones.

Josh Bradford, Chesapeake Energy: Here in the Marcellus, when we drill our holes for surface casing, we drill through a porous rock containing water. Chesapeake uses advanced technology, called air drilling. Air drilling consists of compressors that pump air down the hole to lift rock cuttings and water up out of the wellbore quickly. This minimizes our time drilling in the freshwater zone, guards against shallow formation invasion, and also as extra Environmental Protection.

Narrator: We drill down inside the surface casing to a total depth of up to 8,000 feet. Below the freshwater zone we use conventional drill bits like this. The deeper we go, the smaller the drill bit. Each time we changed the drill bit, we trip out what can be thousands of feet of pipe. After we reach the total planned depth of the well, we install even more steel pipe casing, called production casing. The production casing lines the entire length of the well, inside the other protective layers of casing. It"s cemented in place from the very bottom to about 2,500 feet above the production zone, the area producing gas. In some cases, the cement runs all the way to the surface.

Josh Bradford, Chesapeake Energy: In some locations of the Marcellus, there"s a fourth string of casing called intermediate casing. Once the cement is placed around it, it is pressure tested for integrity. This brings our total protection to nine layers in our wellbores.

Stan Cherry, Chesapeake Energy: The mud consists of non-hazardous magnetic clays and synthetic thickeners. The mud has several functions. It transports rock cuttings to the surface, cools the drill bit, hole stability, and controls downhole pressure. By circulating the mud down the drill pipe, up the wellbore, it will transport rock cuttings to the shakers, where the shaker cleans the mud, disposes of the rock cuttings, and reuses the mud.

Narrator: The mud is further filtered and circulated back down home. The cuttings along with rock cuttings from the air drilling earlier, go in double line steel bins. The cuttings are disposed of according to strict local and state regulations. There"s one more important part of a rig that everyone needs to know about because it"s yet another kind of protection. It"s called the blowout preventer or BOP. A function test is performed on the BOP on a routine basis. This further ensures that the BOP is capable of handling any type of well control incident. In all cases, comprehensive company, federal, and state guidelines regarding proper well control practices are strictly adhered to at all times.

Densiel Bottger, Chesapeake Energy: The blowout preventer is installed right after we run the surface casing. The blowout preventer guards against the uncontrolled release of any gas while drilling. The BOP has valves and seals that line up to the top of the casing. The controls regulate the pressure of the well from the surface and help prevent surface releases. The BOPs are tested every time they"re installed.

Narrator: Once drilling is done, it"s time for the completion and production processes, when a wellhead is installed and the gas starts flowing, eventually towards your home or business.

All of the casing strings must be centered in the hole (practically and by regulation). This is accomplished by strategically spaced "centralizers" that are attached to the outside of the casing. Casing centralization is critical to the later cement job such that specially formulated cement will ideally fill the "annulus", which is the gap between the formation and the casing, to prevent upward migration of hydrocarbons to the surface or groundwater. Note that poor centralization of casing and cementing was one of the significant factors in the failure of the BP "Macondo Well" in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.

Cementing is performed on each string of casing. The API recommends different cement formulations, depending on downhole conditions such as temperature, pressure, etc. The cement is mixed and sent down the inside of the casing, followed by a "wiper plug" that pushes the cement downward, through the casing shoe, and up the outside of the casing (the annulus) towards the surface. The volume of cement used is calculated for the depth of the casing string and the average annulus spacing and, by practice and regulation, cement must appear at the surface to provide assurance that the annulus is filled with cement and sealed. The cement, by regulation, must be allowed a minimum of 8 hours to set, during which there can be no other operations in the well that might disturb the casing, and must reach a required minimum compressive strength of 1,200 psi within 72 hours according to Pennsylvania standards.

Once the well has been drilled and constructed with steel casing that has been cemented in place, it is time to begin to "complete" the well with the hydraulic fracturing process, which we will explore in the next section.

An integral part of onshore and offshore drilling, mud pumps circulate the drilling fluids used to facilitate drilling oil and natural gas wells. Used to stabilize pressure and support the well during the drilling process, drilling fluids also provide friction reduction and a means to remove cuttings.

While drilling with some type of fluid has been in practice for centuries, the term "drilling mud" was coined when a herd of cattle was driven through a wet field near Spindletop, and the resulting mud was used to lubricate the drillstring and drill bit. Drilling fluids have come a long way since those early days of drilling, and offshore mud pumps are constantly taxed to help operators find and develop hydrocarbons in harsher, deeper and more difficult locations.

"A mud pump delivers drilling fluid from the mud tanks, through the top drive, down the drill string and through the bit," explained Juan Lerma, Mud Pumps Product Line Manager at National Oilwell Varco. "When the mud exits the bit, it travels back to the surface carrying the cuttings made by the bit where it flows over a shale-shaker removing the cuttings, cleaning the mud and returning it to the tanks, where it"s used over and over again."

Varying according to the conditions of well being drilled, as well as the type of rock formations the bit is encountering at each depth, drilling fluids are composed of numerous ingredients, including clay, water, oil and synthetic materials. When drilling offshore, the environmental impact of drilling fluids must be more closely considered.

"A mud pump is one of the critical and required pieces of equipment for a drilling rig whether on land or offshore," Lerma stated. "Offshore, where real estate is at a premium, mud pumps are configured with a compact top-mounted drive system, reducing the overall length with a smaller package and strategically placing it in the pump room for permanent installation."

"On the other hand, space is not as much of an issue on land rigs," continued Lerma. "Here special consideration is paid to truck specifications and height restrictions for travel on roads, instead."

There are a number of different situations encountered when drilling offshore. For example, while jackups focus on waters not exceeding a depth of 350 feet, drillships and semisubs can drill in waters measuring up to 12,000 feet deep.

"Jackups semis and drillships all use the same mud pumps; however, the number of pumps installed in the pump rooms changes from rig to rig depending on the drilling specifications," explained Lerma.

Additionally, the rock formations and pressure encountered when drilling may vary; HT/HP and environmental conditions also may affect the drilling process, as well as the drilling fluids chosen and mud pumps required.

"As the drilling programs require higher flows and higher pressures, it is necessary to increase pressure ratings and either increase the number of mud pumps required or utilize larger capacity mud pumps," Lerma continued. "Most early jackups utilized two mud pumps and piping systems rated for 5000 psi work pressures and 1600 horsepower, while most of today"s jackups have 7500 psi working pressure and up to four 2200 HP pumps piping systems."

According to information gathered by premium rig data service RigLogix, National Oilwell Varco leads the pack in providing mud pumps to offshore oil rigs. Of the top six brands of mud pumps, NOV supplies four of them, garnering more than 70% of the offshore mud pump market.

Those leading NOV brands include National Oilwell, Continental Emsco (which was acquired by NOV in 1999), National and NOV. The other leading mud pump system is provided by Gardner Denver and is the third most popular type of system offshore. Additionally, Lewco, a division of Rowan, has about 4% of the offshore mud pump market, putting it fifth on the list of leading suppliers.

With more than four decades of experience providing the offshore industry with mud pumps, Lerma revealed that the company has been able to sustain such a high market share by constantly transforming the product to meet the needs of the industry. As offshore drilling programs have required higher flows and pressures, the company has strived to provide the best quality equipment, while maintaining the lowest cost of ownership.

To better serve its offshore clients, the company developed the Hex Pump in the last several years, and this new line of mud pumps has proven a success in offshore waters worldwide. Boasting 2400 HP, the Hex pump is capable of delivering up to 1,034 gallons of drilling fluids per minute, making it one of the most powerful mud pumps on the market today.

In 2004, the first two Hex Pumps were deployed on a Global Santa Fe rig working offshore West Africa, and in 2005, both the Noble Max Smith and the Noble All While started using the Hex Pump as well. In fact, the Noble Al White, working in the harsh conditions of the North Sea, was the first rig to be solely dependent on the Hex Pumps with two of them located in its pump room, and the rig now has more than 8,000 hours of successful drilling operations using the system.

Through these successes, the company has been able to lock in orders for many of the newly built and under-construction offshore rigs joining the global fleet now and in the future.

"The first drillship to use the system, Transocean"s Discoverer Clear Leader just started drilling in the Gulf of Mexico with five Hex Pump systems," said Lerma. "Additionally, the soon-to-start-drilling Discoverer Americas houses four Hex Pumps, and the soon-to-be-delivered Discoverer Inspiration will have five."

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Much of the equipment on an oil and gas drilling rig is redundant. For example, there are typically three mud pumps on a given rig. If a mud pump breaks down, it’s inconvenient, but not catastrophic. The same goes for generators, shale shakers, pumps, and most other pieces of equipment.

Top drives are critical pieces of equipment that lessen the manual labor involved in drilling and make the process safer. A million-dollar price tag makes them far too expensive for most drilling rigs to keep extras on hand. So if a top drive fails, the entire drilling operation has to come to a stop. No drilling can happen until repairs are performed or a new top drive is up and running—and that’s not going to happen right away.

Even assuming a spare top drive is on site, replacing the top drive on an offshore drilling rig takes about two days. Furthermore, the spare may have been in working condition when it was first purchased, but depending on how long it’s been lying around, it might not be up to snuff any longer. If the spare isn’t working, a technician has to be brought out to fix the rig, stretching the remediation process by days more.

The daily upkeep of a drilling rig can cost anywhere from $50,000 a day for a fairly cheap rig to $1M per day offshore. For a high-end offshore rig, just two days of downtime means a loss of about $2M.

This is even before any labor costs are factored in, which are likely to be in the neighborhood of $250,000. If a new top drive needs to be purchased, that’s another $1M lost on top of that. All told, a top drive failure on an offshore drilling rig that takes one week to fix could run up a tab of nearly $8.5M in costs and lost revenue.

These are not even the only potential costs. What if a top drive breaks down at exactly the wrong time and destabilizes the entire well? Given the $60M to $200M investment in an oil well, a wrecked well is nothing short of calamity.

Finally, there is the question of public image, and other such intangible assets that nonetheless have a very tangible impact on a company’s bottom line. When an oil and gas company encounters a major drilling disaster, public faith in the company decreases. Consumers may decide that the company is untrustworthy or uncaring, and will take their business elsewhere. The same goes for potential partners.

How can a drilling rig ensure that it is prepared for the failure of a top drive—or any other critical asset, for that matter? The answer lies in predictive analytics, which allows companies to flag when maintenance is needed ahead of failures and then perform maintenance on the top drive while it is not in use (or bring in a replacement beforehand if failure cannot be averted).

Predictive analytics uses machine learning to predict top drive or other asset failures in advance. An unsupervised learning model collects data from sensors on the rig, monitors and analyzes the sensor data, and raises an alert of impending failures far in advance, thus vastly decreasing asset downtime.

Traditional approaches to detecting and predicting failures rely on pre-programmed rules and physics-based models, all painstakingly worked out by human analysts. This process may take years, and the resulting model is instantly rendered useless if a single variable of the drilling rig is changed.

The real cost savings, however, are undoubtedly in the catastrophes, where even a single failure can cost millions. Predictive analytics on critical assets like top drives keeps operations up, running, and most importantly, drilling.

Titan Oil Tools offers high quality mud pump expendables and mud pump replacement parts for the wide variety of mud pumps, centrifugal pumps found on the world market today. These quality pump parts offer great performance and our pricing will save you money.

We are your oilfield supplier of choice for mud pump spares and mud pump parts: mud pump piston liners and pistons. All mud pump parts can be sourced for fast delivery; Come to us for mud pump liners, pistons, piston rods and parts, pony rods, threaded rings and caps,and more. Try us for duplex and triples pump spares and duplex and triplex mud pump parts, and also valve parts like valve seats. gland nut, and mud pump gaskets.

Mud pump liners may come in chrome, alumina ceramic and zirconia ceramic. Chrome liners and alumina ceramic liners are less costly, their cost of replacement over one year as the chart below shows, is much more than zirconia ceramic liners.

The table below shows a Mud Pump Liner Cost of Ownership which shows a reasonable cost comparison for a rig in continuous service for 36 months. This of course does not include the high cost of maintenance downtime and the cost of labor.

The prices below are based on cost/cylinder. Savings increase when you add up the number of pump cylinders on your rigs and extend the savings to understand the big difference it can make for your budget.

Greetings Tim & Charlott, below is a GPS link and information on the well we just installed in the honor of Tim & Charlott King! Your love and commitment has allowed our Clean Water 4 Life ministry to sink over 500 water wells for those in need here in the Solomon Islands! Here is a link to read my current newsletter with lots of pictures! http://www.rickrupp.com/newsletter.php

Togokoba SSEC Church & Community is approx 58 kilometers east of Honiara. It was a long bumpy drive to this village. I had to walk a long way to get to the place where they lived. They explained that their source of drinking water was the stream. They were so happy when I explained that our CW4L team was going to come sink a well right in their village. I tasted the well water several weeks later after our team had blessed them with a water well. It tasted so good! It was nice clean & cold water! It never ceases to amaze me that there is such a nice water table here in the rural areas of the Guadnacanal plains! I counted 10 houses in this community and the population is approx 80 people. Now they finally have a source of clean drinking water! These people have suffered for many years either drinking from an open hand dug well or from the stream. Togokoba SSEC Church & Community is very grateful to our CW4L sponsors.