automated power tong us patent made in china

March 17, 1970 J. H. WILSON AUTOMATED PIPE TONGS l9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 1, 1967 VIIIIII Rm 5 .m a. m :W m /m mw u H hw m. 7 m p uildli|||J||1||i|||||||J |||J" W m w M 8 y 1 0 mm mm 00 mm March 17, 1970 J. H. WILSON AUTOMATED PIPE I"ONGS 19 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 1, 1967 E m mF 1176 19/9/67 W/LFU/V INVENTOR.

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AUTOMATED PIPE TONGS 19 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed May 1, 1967 FIR JOHN HART WILSON INVENTOR ,L umv NOm Gm? QM Oh HIS AGENT March 17, 1970 J. H. WILSON AUTOMATED PIPE TONGS 19 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed May 1, 1967 mN Wm (D Q JOHN HART WILSON INVENTOR.

AUTOMATED PIPE TONGS Filed May 1, 1967 19 Sheets-Sheet l5 mvsmom JOHN HART WILSON- March 17, 1970 J. H. WILSON AUTOMATED PIPE TONGS 19 Sheets-Sheet 16 Filed May 1, 1967 INVENTOR.

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US. Cl. 81-5734 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Automated pipe tongs for making up or breaking out drill stem or pipe, such as used in conjunction with a drilling rig, which tongs are moved into and away from operating position on a wheeled carrier. The various operations of tongs are actuated by fluid cylinders, which fluid cylinders are programmed by a rotary cam programming control mechanism, to cause sequential action of certain cylinders, both for the opening and for closing the tongs and for moving the handle of one of the tongs arcuately to make up or break out drill stem or pipe. Two or more cams may be programmed to operate simultaneously, with the same operations being repeated each time the programming mechanism makes one complete cycle. The present programming device is so constructed as to stop when one cycle is completed. Provisions are made for stopping the programming mechanism at any point within the cycle and for manually operating valves to perform any phase of the operation. Further valves are provided to selectively render any portion of the operation inoperative. Further provisions are made to enable the entire programmed cam shaft to be removed and another programmed cam shaft installed to perform diflerent operations.

This invention relates to pipe tongs to be used for gripping pipe to enable pipe to be screwed together or unscrewed, and more particularly to power actuated pipe tongs which may be remotely controlled so the individual operating the tongs is relieved of openin and closing the tongs, of engaging the tongs on the pipe and of removing the tongs therefrom, as well as of moving the lever of the tongs arcuately about the axis of the pipe when the tongs are engaged on the pipe.

Various tongs have been provided heretofore which are operated both manually and by power, however, for the most part, these tongs had to be manually controlled to engage the pipe and manually swung out of engagement when the pipe was sufiiciently tightened.

The present tongs are so constructed that a single operator may operate both the tongs to enable automatic or mechanical engagement thereof with the pipe, from a non-operating position to an operating position, and then, after the tongs are in position to engage the pipe, power is used to close the tongs in gripping relation around the pipe. Furthermore, the apparatus for handling the tongs is actuated by fluid power, which rotates the pipe in either direction as desired, while the back-up tong is maintained in engaged gripping relation with a complementary joint of pipe so as to enable the entire work to be performed by remote control, and without danger to the workmen, as has been the case heretofore, in most instances, in the use of power actuated tongs.

The present tongs are used primarily in combination With a derrick, mast or the like, however, they are subject to adaptation to any phase of screwing together or unscrewing pipe, merely by changing the mounting to accommodate the particular pipe screwing up or unscrewing job to be done. The present tong is primarily used with drill pipe in the drilling of oil wells, which pipe consists of threaded joints, to enable the coupling of lengths of pipe together in the form of a drill stem, which may extend several hundred or several thousand feet into the earth strata to perform the operation of drilling an oil well by the rotary drilling method. In performing this drilling operation, it is desirable to have all pipe joints tightened securely and accurately, but not tightened to such extent as to cause the threads to gall or to strip.

An object of this invention is to provide power actuated tongs which may be swung into place around axially aligned lengths of pipe to enable the making up or breaking out of the threaded joints connecting lengths of pipe in end-to-end relation.

Another object of this invention is to provide a power actuated tong in which all control operations may be performed from a remote station, to enable the tongs to be guided onto the pipe, so as to surround lengths of axially aligned pipe to screw the pipe together, or to unscrew the lengths of pipe without manual assistance from the operator.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a power actuated tong for gripping lengths of pipe to be screwed together, wherein a cam and lever, operated under fluid pressure, closes the jaws of the tongs around the pipe in gripping relation to give a mechanical advantage.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a side opening tong which may be moved onto or off of a pipe from a side thereof without the necessity of having to draw the pipe through the tong.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a suspension system for a pair of tongs, whereby they can be moved into or out of engagement with a pair of axially aligned lengths of pipe in the same path each time the tongs are positioned thereon, thereby making it unnecessary for manual guidance of the tongs into the correct position.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a power actuated tong which may be readily regulated to take care of worn pipe or pipe of diflerent diameters.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide tong adjustment means to enable the attachment of the tongs to the pipe in such manner as to swing the tongs into place around axially aligned lengths of pipe in the same relation each time.

Still another object of the invention is to provide fluid power actuated cylinder means to rotate at least one of the tongs through an arcuate travel each time the fluid actuated cylinder plunger is reciprocated.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a fluid control system for controlling the thrust exerted by the respective fluid actuated cylinders so as to prevent crushing of the pipe or twisting the pipe in two.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a tong mounting system to enable the tongs to be moved into engagement with a pair of axially aligned lengths of pipe and be moved out of engagement with the pipe and out of the work area when the screwing or unscrewing operation has been performed.

In Fig. 1, a fixed pulley 97 is installed on drilling derrick, steel cable 98 passes pulley, and the one end is connected by the suspension rod of sling and power tongs with openable jaws, and the other end is connected with bottle gouard moved by hands 93 or pneumatic puffer.The other end of bottle gouard moved by hands must be connected with the rig floor cross bar, and puffer also must be fixed on the rig floor.Regulate the suspension height of power tongs with openable jaws with bottle gouard moved by hands and puffer, so that make it just in time consistent with the joint height of drilling rod 99 on the well head.Power tongs with openable jaws 100 is connected with handover cylinder 95 by universal joint 94, transfers cylinder and is connected with stern post 96 by universal joint again.Because two universal joints are arranged, guarantee to transfer cylinder and only be subjected to axial force, limited because of the overtravel of transferring cylinder again, limit the pendulum angle of power tongs with openable jaws, thereby prevented more contingent accidents.

In Fig. 2, the power of power tongs with openable jaws is supplied with by hydraulic motor 105, drives sloth wheel gear 22 and then drives upper grip head 101 rotations through two grades of planet speed change mechanisms and two-stage gear reduction 110.Unsteady brake strap mechanism 103 is arranged in last pincers outside, and its column 55 is fixed on the housing 35, and stop screw 54 is arranged at its top.Be equipped with shedding mechanism 104 on the upper grip head 101.Lower pliers head 102 is contained in the housing 35, and the dial 51 of clamp mechanism is connected on the piston rod 48 that clamps cylinder 106 by pin 49, and resetting-mechanism 104 is also arranged on the lower pliers head.

At the middle part of power tongs with openable jaws suspension rod 86 is installed, the leading screw 76 on the suspension rod can be regulated the horizontal level of tong, inclination angle before and after front and back jackscrew 77 and 78 can be regulated.Suspension rod has the gas storage function, therefore the pressure meter 80 of indication air pressure is housed, and Pneumatic valve assembly 107 has been installed.Pressure meter 81 and control valve 82 and valve plate 83 are housed on the hydraulic motor 105.

In Fig. 3, the side of visible hydraulic motor 105 is installed with valve plate 83, pacified on the valve plate hydraulicdirectional control valve 82, on detain safety valve 87, pressure meter 81 etc.Unsteady brake strap mechanism 103 is installed on the housing 35.Suspension rod is installed on the housing, and its preceding jackscrew 78 and back jackscrew 77 can be regulated its inclination angle, front and back, and Pneumatic valve assembly 107 also is housed on the suspension rod.Location plug 29 on the palate plate frame guarantees that the pipe that enters jaw just in time is in the jaw center.Screw 32 is dog screws of palate plate, can take out palate plate after the dismounting.The brake strap 56 of unsteady brake strap mechanism is coated on the side of brake disc 25, and column 55 is fixed on a looped end that is used for fixing brake strap on the housing 35, and stop screw 54 is arranged on it.The resetting-mechanism 104 of upper grip head is installed on the brake disc.The resetting-mechanism 104 of lower pliers head is positioned on the support 50.The tight cylinder 106 of following clamp is installed on the support 85 of housing by pin 84.On the dial of the piston rod 48 of cylinder by pin 49 connections.

In Fig. 3, can find out that automatic switch mechanism is by doorframe 89, formed by screw and the doorframe other end that links link the secondary bar 91 of doorframe that the pin 92 that is through at through hole on doorframe and the housing and doorframe join together, an end of doorframe and housing by pin and housing 35 joining spring mechanism assemblies 89 and housing 35.

In Fig. 4, shown composition and the mutual alignment of two grades of gears and reducing gear.Gear is the output shaft 1 by hydraulic motor 105, with output shaft 1 with the joining flange 14 of spline, the bearing pin 13 that is connected with flange 14, the high-grade planetary gear 15 that leans on needle bearing 16 on bearing pin 13, to rotate, ring gear 3 with planetary gear 15 engagements, be in the ring gear excircle and control the air clutch 4 of its rotation, central gear 6 and pinion shaft 12 with high-grade planetary gear 15 engagements, low-grade planetary gear 18 with central gear 8 engagement on flange, be through low-grade planetary gear endoporus by the low-grade planetary bearing pin 17 of needle bearing 16 supportings, fixed pin shaft and the low-grade flange 10 that links with spline with pinion shaft 12, the ring gear 9 that is meshed with low-grade planetary gear, be in two air clutchs 7 that the ring gear excircle is used for controlling its rotation, be positioned at the swab case 2 at top, be positioned at the gland 121 at top, the shell 122 of gear, and the institutes such as bearing 11 of supporting rotor form.

The input pinion shaft 12 of high-grade central gear and reducing gear is with splined.Power drives gear wheel 21 by passing to reducing gear here, and then drives axle 20 and pinion 19, drives two sloth wheel gears by gear 19, so that drive the opening gear.Two air clutchs are shift and dispense with parking very easily.

In Fig. 7, the tong head of visible power tongs with openable jaws.Accept the opening gear 23 of sloth wheel gear power, supporting by the two kinds of rollers 109 and 108 on the tong housing 35, and drive upper grip head buoyancy body 34 by bearing pin 24 and square socket 26, the square hole 45 of square socket 26 and buoyancy body 34 has certain clearance, guarantees that buoyancy body is unsteady.Palate plate frame 27 is housed on buoyancy body, and the palate plate frame can rotate relative to buoyancy body, and the palate plate frame is fixed on the brake disc 25 of buoyancy body top by screw 28, and with its rotation.The leaf spring of being fixed by screw 30 31 is arranged on the palate plate frame, be screwed with location plug 29 on the palate plate frame above the leaf spring, the stop screw 32 of the restricted palate plate roller of palate plate frame is equipped with pincers tooth 33 on palate plate.Be split ring 36, be welded on the housing 35 that lower pliers head is installed on the housing, and palate plate frame 27 can rotate relative to housing by weld seam 38 below the opening gear.Adorning screw 30 and leaf spring 31 on the palate plate frame equally, and stop screw 32, location plug 29.The palate plate frame is fixed on the dial 51 by screw 37, rotates with dial.Pincers tooth 33 is housed on the palate plate equally.

In Fig. 8, shown the situation when binding clip is not advanced in drilling well.Pipe 90 is positioned at opening part, and the leaf spring 31 of palate plate frame is pushed palate plate 44 to flare, and the roller 40 on the palate plate abuts against the middle body of ramp 39.

In Fig. 9, shown that drilling rod has entered into the central authorities of pliers, bump on the plug 29 of location.The leaf spring 31 that is fixed on the palate plate frame by screw 30 is compressed, palate plate 44 is close on the MNM face of palate plate frame 27, ramp 39 is fixed on the buoyancy body 34 by screw 43 and wedge type nut 42, ramp has slope angle curved surface 46, be connected the central authorities that roller 40 on the palate plate 44 is close to ramp by pin 40, palate plate pin 41 can slide along the groove 47 of palate plate frame, and an end of groove 47 has stop screw 32.Two pincers teeth 33 are arranged on the palate plate.Palate plate and roller centre and opening vertical line have angle ∠ KOP, and its value is about 2 °～4 °.On buoyancy body, there is side"s cover 26 of three square holes 45 and opening gear to match, in order that transferring power, the spring base of four supportings in addition.Brake disc 25 at the buoyancy body outer mask.Brake disc and palate plate frame 27 are fixed into one.

In Figure 10, shown that upper grip head begins to rotate in a flash, buoyancy body begins to clockwise rotate an angle with the opening gear, this moment, palate plate frame and brake disc were because angle of braking action hysteresis of brake strap, so changeing an angle clockwise with buoyancy body, ramp 39 force roller 40 along 46 climbings of slope angle curved surface, palate plate is drawn close towards the center along the MNM of palate plate frame, has clamped drilling rod 90.This moment, roller central authorities and pipe center were on the KOK line.Brake disc and buoyancy body turn clockwise together so that the operation of button on finishing after this.

At Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, among Figure 12, can see the two palate plate clamp mechanism of upper grip head automatic centering is by buoyancy body 34, be connected with brake disc 25 and be positioned at the palate plate frame 27 at buoyancy body 34 circular arc places, being bordered with the palate plate frame is used for clamping the palate plate of tool joint, tightens on the palate plate frame with helping the leaf spring 31 that palate plate resets by screw 30, be installed in ramp 39 on the buoyancy body by screw 43 and wedge type nut 42, be through the pin 41 of palate plate middle part through hole by 47 sliding fits of two grooves up and down of the square toes at two ends and palate plate frame, be positioned at the dog screw 32 of palate plate frame groove one end, be in palate plate central authorities and be through the roller 40 that matches with ramp on the pin 41, be positioned at palate plate frame plate spring top and be screwed in location plug 29 on the palate plate frame, be contained in the pincers tooth 33 on the palate plate.Screw 43 and the institute such as wedge type nut 42 of ramp 39 on buoyancy body is installed to be formed.

In Figure 11, be processed with through hole on the visible buoyancy body 34, in through hole, be placed with spring base 53, the gland 120 that is tightened by screw is arranged in the upper end of through hole, transferring spring 52 at gland.Spring base is pushing away on opening gear 23 under the effect of spring 52, and buoyancy body is floated on the opening gear, make its both can about float, can fluctuate again, when last shackle, can freely move up and down and not influence caliper with screw thread.This spring-loaded has four.

In Figure 11, the unsteady upper grip head that can see power tongs with openable jaws is inserted in spring base 53 in the buoyancy body through hole, is tightened the screw that tightens at the gland 120 of buoyancy body through hole upper end, with gland on buoyancy body by screw and place an end in the buoyancy body through hole to be against the other end on the gland to be against spring 52 on the spring base, to be formed by the opening gear 23 of spring base supporting buoyancy body by buoyancy body 34, four.

In Figure 13, as seen power tongs with openable jaws to reset to breach mechanism be by the alignment pin 75 that is fixed on the buoyancy body 34, tighten detent mechanism shell 70 on brake disc 25 by screw, the detent mechanism shell is fixed on screw on the brake disc, and the first quarter moon location that is through in the detent mechanism outer casing through hole ships and resell on another market 71, place the upper end of shipping and reselling on another market, first quarter moon location to locate the position fixing handle 73 of the power transmission of shipping and reselling on another market by plane and first quarter moon, position fixing handle is fixed on first quarter moon location ships and resell on another market and goes up and prevent the ship and resell on another market nut of tenesmus of first quarter moon location, place position fixing handle cross through hole one end to be against the detent mechanism shell other end and be against alignment pin 72 on the spring, being placed on an end in the position fixing handle cross through hole is against the other end on the alignment pin and is against spring 74 on the plug, spring and alignment pin are enclosed in the plug that leans on screw thread and position fixing handle to link in the position fixing handle cross through hole, buoyancy body and brake disc are formed.

In Figure 15, the part of the unsteady brake strap mechanism of visible power tongs with openable jaws is formed situation.Two brake straps 56 are connected with connecting rod 59 by pin 57, right-hand thread screw 61 is connected with connecting rod 59 by pin 62 with left-hand thread screw 66, sliding sleeve 63 is spun on the right-hand thread screw by right-handed thread, regulating sleeve 65 is spun on the left-hand thread screw by the left-hand thread screw thread, and the dog screw that put spring 64 in sliding sleeve and regulating sleeve, is screwed on the regulating sleeve slides in the groove 67 of sliding sleeve.

In Figure 16, visible brake strap 56 is connected with connecting rod 59 by pin 57, and left-hand thread screw 66 leans on that pin 62 is connected with connecting rod, sleeve 69 places the connecting rod through hole, is through the sleeve endoporus and is fixed on the pillar 68 on the housing 35.Junction plate 58, compresses junction plate and is screwed in screw on the pillar on pillar 68 by screw in compression.

From Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Figure 15, among Figure 16, the unsteady brake strap mechanism that can see power tongs is by brake disc 25, be coated on two brake straps 56 of brake disc side, be fixed on the housing 35 in order to the fixing column 55 of a looped end of brake strap, tighten stop screw 54 on the column top, pass another looped end of brake strap and be inserted in the pin 57 that brake strap is connected with connecting rod, one end connects two connecting rods 59 that the brake strap other end is connected with right-hand thread screw or left-hand thread screw by pin 62 by pin, with connecting rod with pin 62 joining right-hand thread screw 61 and left-hand thread screws 66, be spun on sliding sleeve 63 on the right-hand thread screw by right-handed thread, be spun on regulating sleeve 65 on the left-hand thread screw by the left-hand thread screw thread, be screwed in edge away guider screw in sliding sleeve groove 67 of its end on the regulating sleeve, place one end among regulating sleeve and the sliding sleeve to be against the sliding sleeve other end and be against spring 64 on the regulating sleeve, be through the sleeve 69 in the connecting rod through hole, be through in the sleeve endoporus by screw thread and be screwed in two pillars 62 on the housing, by the junction plate 58 of screw in compression on two pillars, compressing junction plate is screwed in institutes such as screw on the pillar and housing 35 and forms.

In Figure 17, shown the air-path control system of power tongs.This system be by gas supply line, have the gas storage effect suspension rod 86, be contained in pressure meter 80 on the suspension rod, transfer cylinder 95 and control the reversal valve of its action, the tight cylinder 106 of clamp and control the reversal valve of the reversal valve of its action, high-grade planetary control air clutch 4 and rapid-release valve 79, low-grade planetary control air clutch 7 and rapid-release valve 79, these two air clutchs, and control corresponding pipeline down etc. and formed.Reversal valve constitutes the control valve assembly.

In Figure 18, shown the hydraulic system of power tongs.The reversal valve 82 that this system is turned to by hydraulic motor 105, control hydraulic motor, the safety valve 87 that is contained in button loop assurance security of system, the pressure meter 81 that shows pressure and fuel feeding and unloading line are formed.

In Figure 19, the tight cylinder 106 of clamp is connected on the support 85 by pin 84 as follows, and it can be swung.The piston rod 48 that clamps cylinder is connected on the dial 51 by pin 49, and the palate plate frame 27 of lower pliers head is fixed on the dial by screw 37, is fixing leaf spring 31 by screw 30 on the palate plate frame.Ramp 39 with domatic bent angle is fixed on the lower pliers head by screw 43 and wedge type nut 42.The middle part of palate plate 44 is installed with pin 41, and pin matches by the groove of square toes and palate plate frame, wears roller 40 on pin, and roller leans against on the curved surface 46 of ramp.Pincers tooth 33 is housed on palate plate.Following pincers reset shedding mechanism 104 are installed on the support 50, and the alignment pin 75 that resets is contained on the dial 51.On housing 35, fixing the column 55 of unsteady brake strap mechanism.

So from Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Figure 19 can find out that the two palate plate clamp mechanism of following pincers are by dial 51, link with dial and to be positioned at the palate plate frame 27 at lower pliers head circular arc place, be bordered with the palate plate frame and be used for clamping the palate plate 44 of tool joint, tighten on the palate plate frame with helping the leaf spring 31 that palate plate resets by screw, be installed in ramp 39 on the lower pliers head by screw 43 and wedge type nut 42, be through the pin 41 of palate plate middle part through hole by two grooves, 46 sliding fits about the square toes at two ends and the palate plate frame, be positioned at the dog screw 32 of palate plate frame groove one end, be in palate plate central authorities and be through the roller 40 that matches with ramp 39 on the pin 41, be positioned at palate plate frame plate spring 31 tops and be screwed in location plug 29 on the palate plate frame 44, be contained in two pincers teeth 33 on the palate plate, ramp 39 is installed in the screw 43 and the wedge type nut 42 of lower pliers head, clamp cylinder 106, institutes such as clamping the piston rod 48 of cylinder 106 and the joining pin 49 of dial is formed.

The flexible shift that power tongs with openable jaws of the present invention had, align palate plate automatically and clamp, reset to functions such as openings, it is very simple that the driller is operated.Used control valve member reduces to minimum degree, has improved reliability, the applicability of power tongs with openable jaws.

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Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to systems and methods for local hydraulic power generation on an electric tong. Description of the Related Art

Tongs are devices used on oil and gas rigs for gripping, clamping, spinning, and/or rotating tubular members, such as casing, drill pipe, drill collars, and coiled tubing (herein referred to collectively as tubulars and/or tubular strings). Tongs may be used to make-up or break-out threaded joints between tubulars. Tongs typically resemble large wrenches, and may sometime be referred to as power tongs, torque wrenches, spinning wrenches, and/or iron roughnecks. Tongs have typically used hydraulic power to provide sufficiently high torque to make-up or break-out threaded joints between tubulars. Such hydraulic tongs have suffered from the requirement of a hydraulic power generator on the rig floor, necessitating big hydraulic hoses connecting the hydraulic power generator to the tong, causing contamination concerns and excessive noise. Moreover, due to the distance from the power generator to the tong, hydraulic tongs have suffered from reliability issues and imprecise control of the torque.

Electric tongs have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 9,453,377 suggests retrofitting a conventional hydraulic power tong with an electric motor. The electric motor would then be used to operate the power tong for rotating or spinning a tubular during make-up or break-out operations. A separate electric motor is proposed to actuate lift cylinders between the power tong and the backup tong. Another separate electric motor is proposed for applying clamping force to the backup tong. However, electric power supply for a tong might be insufficient when extreme forces are required. Moreover, the multiplicity of electric motors may be impractical when costs are an issue.

Local hydraulic power generation on an electric tong may provide improved handling, greater reliability, and increased safety and efficiency at reasonable costs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment a tong system includes a power tong for spinning tubulars; a first electric motor functionally connected to the power tong; a plurality of hydraulic power consumers including a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; a second electric motor functionally connected to the plurality of hydraulic power consumers; and electronics to drive the first electric motor and the second electric motor.

In an embodiment, a tong system includes a power tong for spinning tubulars; a plurality of hydraulic power consumers including a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; an onboard electric motor; and a switchbox providing at least two configurations of the tong system: in a first configuration, the onboard electric motor drives the power tong but does not supply hydraulic power to the plurality of hydraulic power consumers; and in a second configuration, the onboard electric motor does not drive the power tong but does supply hydraulic power to at least one of the plurality of hydraulic power consumers.

In an embodiment, a tong system includes a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; an onboard electric motor; and an onboard hydraulic power unit coupled to the onboard electric motor to supply hydraulic power to the backup tong.

In an embodiment, a method of making-up tubulars includes arranging a tong system in a hydraulic power configuration; supplying hydraulic power to at least one of a plurality of hydraulic power consumers to position a tubular for make-up; arranging the tong system in a rotary drive configuration; supplying at least one of torque and rotation to a power tong; wherein an onboard electric motor of the tong system supplies the hydraulic power when the tong system is in the hydraulic power configuration, and the onboard electric motor supplies the at least one of torque and rotation when the tong system is in the rotary drive configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a tong system that is configured to switch electric power between a rotary drive configuration and a hydraulic power configuration.

In some embodiments, onboard electric motors may be beneficially utilized to supply large power densities that are controllable with a variable frequency drive. For example, the speed and/or torque of an electric motor may be controlled to reach a predefined target torque and/or to keep a predefined torque profile. The torque of the electric motor may be proportional to the current that is regulated electronically by a variable frequency drive, while the speed may be in phase with the generated frequency. In one embodiment, miniaturized, controllable electric motors may be mounted on the tong system (i.e., “onboard”). In some embodiments, the onboard electric motors may be capable of producing output in the range of about 2 kW/kg to about 5 kW/kg. In some embodiments, the onboard electric motors may be between about 8 kg and about 12 kg, for example, about 10 kg. In some embodiments, the onboard electric motor may be coupled to one or more of a reducing gear, another gear stage for low gear, and a flameproof housing. In some embodiments, these combined components may be between about 64 kg and about 96 kg, which may still be lighter than similar power provide by a hydraulic system.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a tong system 100 suitable for use on oil and gas rigs generally includes a backup tong 110 for gripping and/or clamping the tubular string and a power tong 120 for spinning the tubular. The backup tong 110 may generally be below the power tong 120. The backup tong 110 clamps the tubular string to provide an opposing force to the torque applied to the tubular from power tong 120. Consequently, the backup tong 110 may be characterized as generally having high torque at low rpm requirements. The power tong 120 spins the tubular during make-up/break-out operations. Consequently, the power tong 120 may be characterized as generally having high torque at high rpm requirements. The tong system 100 may also include one or more lift actuators 130 (e.g., a linear actuator cylinder) for vertically positioning the backup tong 110. The tong system 100 may also include one or more door actuators 140 for controlling the tubular access door 145. In embodiments discussed below, tong system 100 also includes one or more of a hydraulic power unit 150, power electronics 160, and/or a switchbox 180, to provide local hydraulic power generation.

In some embodiments, the average power required to operate a power tong 120 during one work cycle may be less than 10% of the maximum power. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates a graph 200 of the maximum torque values vs. rotation speed for a 50 k ft lbf power tong 120 in low gear and in high gear. It should be appreciated that the power of the tong may be limited by the available power of the hydraulic supply and by physical layout. In the example of FIG. 2, the rated pressure (that results in the maximum torque) may be about 200 bar, and the maximum volume flow rate the tong may accept may be about 100 liter/minute. Therefore, the maximum power that the system may be capable of would be about 33.33 kW. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the power tong 120 may operate in low gear at region 210, generating torque of between about 20 k ft lbf and about 60 k ft lbf. With the power tong 120 in low gear, the tubular rotates at up to about 5 rpm. Therefore, the maximum power requirement in low gear is about:

The power tong 120 may operate in high gear at region 220, generating torque of between about 4 k ft lbf and about 10 k ft lbf. Therefore, the maximum power requirement in high gear is about:

Likewise, when operating in the high gear region 220, the power tong 120 may provide higher torque at lower rpm with similar maximum power requirements:

The examples from Equations 1-3 are upper values which are normally only demanded for a short period of time. During an entire make-up cycle of about 120 seconds, the average power is about 10% of the maximum power requirement. Therefore, with the maximum power required in low gear region 210 or in high gear region 220 being approximately 14.2 kW and 17.0 kW respectively, the average power required in either of these regions is 1.4 kW and 1.7 kW, respectively, which is less than about 10% of the maximum power of the system (33.33 kW), and a local battery may be capable of supplying the power for the power tong 120 without significantly increasing safety concerns (e.g., risks of excessive heat in the explosive atmosphere of an oil rig). For example, peak power may be supplied to power tong 120 by a lithium titanate or lithium iron phosphate battery. Such a battery may supply about 1.2 kW/kg to about 2.4 kW/kg without excessive heating.

FIG. 3 illustrates a graph 250 of the torque and rotation speed required over a typical make-up cycle for a power tong 120. At the beginning of the make-up cycle, in region 260 (e.g., about first 5 seconds), the rotor may be slowly rotated in low gear to engage the tubular threads and confirm that the threading has engaged correctly. During the middle of the make-up cycle, in region 270, the rotor (now in high gear) speeds-up to the maximum speed (for example, as defined for this tubular type by the drilling contractor). The high rpm may be maintained for about 15 seconds until a reference torque is reached. For example, the reference torque may be selected to stop the tong well before the tubular shoulders engage. When the reference shoulder torque is reached, the power tong 120 is switched back to low gear. In region 280, the make-up may be done smoothly and/or continuously in low gear (e.g. for about the next 8 seconds). Lastly, the threads are secured in region 290 as indicated by rapidly increasing torque and decreasing rpm. The required power, which is the product of torque and turns, is normally less than half of the maximum power. Furthermore, the complete work cycle is more than 2 minutes, because bringing in another pipe, stabbing-in, and finally lowering the string into the well takes most of the time. Considering this, the average power is about 10% of the maximum power of the tong.

Electric power supply for a tong might be insufficient when extreme forces are required. Moreover, the multiplicity of electric motors may be impractical when costs are an issue. Therefore, a source of local hydraulic power is proposed. As illustrated in FIG. 1, tong system 100 includes local hydraulic power generation. As previously discussed, the tong system 100 includes a backup tong 110, a power tong 120, and one or more lift actuators 130. Tong system 100 also includes a hydraulic power unit 150. In some embodiments, hydraulic power for the backup tong 110 may be supplied by the hydraulic power unit 150. For example, the backup tong 110 may utilize high force to clamp cylinders to clamp the tubular string and thereby counterbalance the high torque of the power tong 120. In some embodiments, hydraulic power for the lift actuators 130 may be supplied by the hydraulic power unit 150. For example, the lift actuators 130 may utilize high force to vertically position (e.g., raise or lower) the backup tong 110 while it clamps the tubular string. In some embodiments, the volume of the hydraulic power unit 150 may be less than (e.g., about 10% of) that of conventional hydraulic power units which had been located proximate the rig floor. For example, a rig floor hydraulic power unit that is capable of producing up to about 35 kW-about 40 kW may have a volume of about 400 liters, while hydraulic power unit 150 may have a volume of between about 30 liters and about 40 liters, or in some embodiments less than about 50 liters. Hydraulic power unit 150 may include a tank with a submerged motor and a dual stage pump. Hydraulic power unit 150 may include a tank with a submerged motor and a pump with a booster. Hydraulic power unit 150 may include a tank with a submerged motor with a variable frequency drive. Hydraulic power unit 150 may include a tank with a submerged small motor with a hydraulic accumulator. In some embodiments, the hydraulic power unit 150 may supply power so that the cylinders (e.g., clamp cylinders of backup tong 110, lift cylinders of lift actuators 130) have fast action while having maximum pressure. Exemplary hydraulic power units 150 may include compact hydraulic power packs wherein the motor shaft of the electric motor also acts as the pump shaft.

In some embodiments, the hydraulic power unit may be powered by an onboard electric motor. This may allow for a single electric motor to be utilized both for the power tong and for backup tong. For example, a switchbox may decouple the rotor of the power tong when the hydraulic pump is activated. FIG. 4 illustrates a tong system 400 that can switch between a rotary drive configuration and a hydraulic power configuration. As illustrated, tong system 400 includes a hydraulic power unit 450 that includes an accumulator 451 and a pump 452 (which may include a reservoir tank (not shown)). Tong system 400 also includes an onboard electric motor 453. An exemplary onboard electric motor 453 may be a low voltage motor with integrated electronics. Hydraulic power unit 450 may supply hydraulic power to one or more hydraulic power consumers, such as the backup tong 410, the lift actuators 430, and the door actuators 440. Onboard electric motor 453 may also and/or alternatively supply torque and/or rotation to power tong 420. For example, switchbox 480 may switch the output of onboard electric motor 453 between the pump 452 and drivetrain 425 (e.g., a gearbox and a rotor) for power tong 420. In some embodiments, switchbox 480 may be configured to switch the output of onboard electric motor 453 to pump 452 to store hydraulic power in accumulator 451 while one or more of the power tong 420, backup tong 410, lift actuators 430, and/or door actuators 440 are inactive. In some embodiments, switchbox 480 may be configured to switch the output of onboard electric motor 453 to pump 452 to directly drive one or more of the backup tong 410, lift actuators 430, and/or door actuators 440. In some embodiments, tong system 400 may not receive hydraulic power from an external source (e.g., a hydraulic power unit on the rig floor). Specifically, backup tong 410 may only receive hydraulic power from local hydraulic power unit 450.

In some embodiments, onboard electric motor 453 may be selected to supply either (a) sufficient torque and rotation to power tong 420, as illustrated by the work cycle graphs of FIGS. 2-3, or (b) sufficient power to drive hydraulic power unit 450 between power tong work cycles, but not both at the same time, and no more than the maximum of the two. For example a DYNAX 60i motor includes integrated electronics while still being only about 14 kg. Consequently, onboard electric motor 453 may be small enough to not pose excessive risks (e.g., heat, noise, fuel consumption) in the rig environment.

Tong system 400 of FIG. 4 may also include electronics 460. The electronics 460 may include a charger 462, a programmable logic controller 464, a battery 466, and an inverter 468. Electronics 460 and/or inverter 468 may function as a variable frequency drive for onboard electric motor 453. Battery 466 may be a lithium iron phosphate battery and/or a lithium titanate battery. An exemplary battery 466 may be a 14 Ah Prismatic Pouch Cell, available from A123 Systems of Livonia, Mich. The battery may be, for example, between about 5 kg to 10 kg. The battery 466 may be contained in a flameproof housing. It is believed that no ATEX standard currently exists for batteries on tong systems, and further testing may be needed. Onboard electric motor 453 may be driven and/or controlled by electronics 460. For example, the torque of onboard electric motor 453 may be proportional to the current coming from the inverter 468. Likewise, the speed of onboard electric motor 453 may be in phase with the frequency of the current coming from the inverter 468. Onboard electric motor 453 may supply torque to power tong 420 in order to make-up to tubulars to a precise target torque while maintaining this torque for some time.

In some embodiments, onboard electric motor 453 and/or electronics 460 may be enclosed in a flameproof housing. For example, the flameproof housing may meet ATEX standards for class 1, zone 1, division 1. In some embodiments, the flameproof housing may be aluminum. In some embodiments, onboard electric motor 453 may be integrated with one or more components of electronics 460.

In some embodiments, programmable logic controller 464 may switch power supply to the consumers. For example, the battery 466 may alternatively charge and discharge, the onboard electric motor 453 may switch between the drivetrain 425 and the hydraulic power unit 450, and the sources of hydraulic power may be the pump 452 and/or the accumulator 451. At times during operations, each of backup tong 410, lift actuators 430, and door actuators 440 may be powered by one or more of the sources of hydraulic power. The programmable logic controller 464 may determine which power source supplies which consumer at any point in time during operations.

In some embodiments, the hydraulic power unit may be powered by a dedicated onboard electric motor. This may allow for a dedicated electric motor to be utilized for the power tong and a smaller, dedicated electric motor to be utilized for the hydraulic power unit. FIG. 5 illustrates a tong system 500 with separate, dedicated electric motors for the rotary drive configuration and the hydraulic power configuration. As illustrated, tong system 500 includes a hydraulic power unit 550 that includes an accumulator 551 and a pump 552 (which may include a reservoir tank (not shown)). Tong system 500 also includes a first electric motor 523 for the power tong 520, and a second electric motor 553 for the hydraulic power unit 550. The second electric motor 553 may be smaller than the first electric motor 523. In some embodiments, the second electric motor 553 may be about 1/10 of the size of the first electric motor 523. Both the first electric motor 523 and the second electric motor 553 may be otherwise similar to onboard electric motor 453. Hydraulic power unit 550 may supply hydraulic power to one or more hydraulic power consumers, such as the backup tong 510, the lift actuators 530, and the door actuators 540. First electric motor 523 may supply torque and/or rotation to power tong 520. Output of first electric motor 523 may supply power to drivetrain 525 (e.g., a gearbox and a rotor) for power tong 520. In some embodiments, output of second electric motor 553 may supply power to pump 552 to store hydraulic power in accumulator 551 while one or more of the backup tong 510, lift actuators 530, and/or door actuators 540 are inactive. In some embodiments, the output of second electric motor 553 may supply power to pump 552 to directly drive one or more of the backup tong 510, lift actuators 530, and/or door actuators 540. In some embodiments, while the second electric motor 553 and/or the pump 552 are inactive, the accumulator 551 may supply power to directly drive one or more of the backup tong 510, lift actuators 530, and/or door actuators 540. For example, pressure switch 581 may shut off second electric motor 553 when a target pressure in accumulator 551 has been reached. In some embodiments, tong system 500 may not receive hydraulic power from an external source (e.g., a hydraulic power unit on the rig floor). Specifically, backup tong 510 may only receive hydraulic power from local hydraulic power unit 550.

In some embodiments, first electric motor 523 may be selected to supply sufficient torque and rotation to power tong 520, as illustrated by the work cycle graphs of FIGS. 2-3. In some embodiments, second electric motor 553 may be selected to supply sufficient power to drive hydraulic power unit 550 between power tong work cycles. Consequently, first electric motor 523 and/or second electric motor 553 may be small enough to not pose excessive risks (e.g., heat, noise, fuel consumption) in the rig environment.

Tong system 500 of FIG. 5 may also include electronics 560. The electronics 560 may include a charger 562, a programmable logic controller 564, a battery 566, and an inverter 568. Electronics 560 may be configured similar to electronics 460 and may function similar thereto. First electric motor 523 may be driven and/or controlled by electronics 560. For example, the torque of first electric motor 523 may be proportional to the current coming from the inverter 568. Likewise, the speed of first electric motor 523 may be in phase with the frequency of the current coming from the inverter 568. First electric motor 523 may supply torque to power tong 520 in order to make-up to tubulars to a precise target torque while maintaining this torque for some time.

Second electric motor 553 may be controlled by electronics 560. In some embodiments, programmable logic controller 564 may control power supply to the consumers. For example, the sources of hydraulic power may be the pump 552 (driven by the second electric motor 553) and/or the accumulator 551. At times during operations, each of backup tong 510, lift actuators 530, and door actuators 540 may be powered by one or more of the sources of hydraulic power. The programmable logic controller 564 may determine which power source supplies which consumer at any point in time during operations. For example, the programmable logic controller 564 may determine a target pressure for accumulator 551. Pressure switch 581 may shut off second electric motor 553 when the target pressure in accumulator 551 has been reached.

An exemplary make-up cycle 600 is illustrated in FIG. 6. The illustrated make-up cycle 600 is applicable to tong system 400, and a similar make-up cycle could be envisioned for tong system 500. Initially, in region 610, hydraulic power is supplied to the door actuator 440 to open the tubular access door 145 and allow for stabbing-in of new tubular. Accumulator 451 and/or pump 452 may supply hydraulic power to door actuator 440. Switchbox 480 may, therefore, be set to power hydraulic power unit 450 with onboard electric motor 453 during this initial region 610. The amount of hydraulic power 615 supplied is relatively low, so the battery 466 may charge (positive current 625) during region 610. In region 620, lift actuators 430 may vertically position the backup tong 410. Accumulator 451 and/or pump 452 may supply hydraulic power to lift actuators 430, and switchbox 480 may remain set to power hydraulic power unit 450 with onboard electric motor 453 during region 620. The amount of hydraulic power 615 supplied is sufficiently high to cause battery 466 to discharge (negative current 625). In region 630, backup tong 410 may clamp the tubular. Accumulator 451 and/or pump 452 may supply hydraulic power to backup tong 410, and switchbox 480 may remain set to power hydraulic power unit 450 with onboard electric motor 453 during region 630. As backup tong 410 engages and securely clamps the tubular, the hydraulic power 615 increases, causing the battery 466 to cycle from charging to discharging (positive to negative current 625). Clamping force 635 is initially constant during region 630, increasing to the endpoint for backup tong 410 at the end of region 630. In region 640, door actuator 440 may close the tubular access door 145 as backup tong 410 continues to securely clamp the tubular. Accumulator 451 and/or pump 452 may supply hydraulic power to door actuators 440 and backup tong 410, and switchbox 480 may remain set to power hydraulic power unit 450 with onboard electric motor 453 during region 640. The clamping force 635 is essentially constant during region 640. Throughout regions 610-640, onboard electric motor 453 has zero torque 645 and rotation speed 655.

The exemplary make-up cycle 600 continues from region 640 to region 650 wherein switchbox 480 switches the onboard electric motor 453 from supplying power to the hydraulic power unit 450 to the drivetrain 425 of power tong 420. Hydraulic power 615 from onboard electric motor 453, therefore, remains at zero in region 650 through the middle of region 680. The relatively constant clamping force 635 of backup tong 410 may be maintained by the accumulator 451. In some embodiments, a brace may be applied to hold the backup tong 410 in the clamped position, thereby maintaining the relatively constant clamping force 635 without hydraulic power from the accumulator 451 or pump 452. In some embodiments, a valve may be closed to hold pressure in the cylinder(s) of backup tong 410, thereby maintaining the relatively constant clamping force 635 without hydraulic power (pressure or flow) from the accumulator 451 or pump 452.

In region 650, onboard electric motor 453 initially drives drivetrain 425 with low torque 645 and low rotation speed 655 as tubular threading is engaged. Torque 645 may be increased as threading is confirmed. Current 625 may cause the battery 466 to go from charging to discharging as torque 645 increases. In region 660, onboard electric motor 453 may operate drivetrain 425 in high gear to spin-in the tubular. The onboard electric motor 453 may initially have zero torque 645 and rotation speed 655 while shifting gears. Current 625 may initially charge battery 466 until higher torques 645 cause the battery to discharge. The spin-in of region 660 may continue at a relatively constant rotation speed 655 until a reference torque 645 is reached. In region 670, onboard electric motor 453 may operate drivetrain 425 in low gear to make-up the connection to a target torque 645. By shifting gears, the rotation speed 655 of onboard electric motor 453 in region 670 may be similar to that of region 660. The ongoing clamping force 635, rotation speed 655, and increasing torque 645 causes the current 625 to be negative (battery 466 discharging) during much of region 670.

The exemplary make-up cycle 600 concludes in regions 680 and 690, as the threaded connection now couples the tubular to the tubular string. Power tong 420 is detached from the tubular early in region 680, requiring a relatively small amount of torque 645 and rotation speed 655 from onboard electric motor 453. Switchbox 480 then switches the onboard electric motor 453 to the hydraulic power unit 450. The door actuators 440 may open the tubular access door 145 to release the tubular, drawing a relatively low amount of hydraulic power 615. Battery 466 may charge with positive current 625 during region 680. Lastly, in region 690, backup tong 410 releases the tubular. As clamping force 635 ceases, current 625 may charge the battery 466 until it is fully charged.

In an embodiment a tong system includes a power tong for spinning tubulars; a first electric motor functionally connected to the power tong; a plurality of hydraulic power consumers including a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; a second electric motor functionally connected to the plurality of hydraulic power consumers; and electronics to drive the first electric motor and the second electric motor.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the plurality of hydraulic power consumers comprises at least one of a lift actuator and a door actuator.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the first electric motor couples to the power tong through a drivetrain having a low gear and a high gear.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system also includes a pump and an accumulator, wherein the second electric motor supplies hydraulic power with the pump.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system also includes a pressure switch to determine whether the pump or the accumulator supplies hydraulic power to at least one of the plurality of hydraulic power consumers.

In an embodiment, a tong system includes a power tong for spinning tubulars; a plurality of hydraulic power consumers including a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; an onboard electric motor; and a switchbox providing at least two configurations of the tong system: in a first configuration, the onboard electric motor drives the power tong but does not supply hydraulic power to the plurality of hydraulic power consumers; and in a second configuration, the onboard electric motor does not drive the power tong but does supply hydraulic power to at least one of the plurality of hydraulic power consumers.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the plurality of hydraulic power consumers comprises at least one of a lift actuator and a door actuator.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, in the first configuration, the onboard electric motor couples to the power tong through a drivetrain having a low gear and a high gear.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system also includes a pump and an accumulator, wherein, in the second configuration, the onboard electric motor supplies hydraulic power with the pump.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, in the first configuration, the accumulator supplies hydraulic power to at least one of the plurality of hydraulic power consumers.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system also includes electronics, wherein, in the first configuration, at least one of a torque and a speed of the onboard electric motor is controlled by the electronics.

In an embodiment, a tong system includes a backup tong for clamping a tubular string; an onboard electric motor; and an onboard hydraulic power unit coupled to the onboard electric motor to supply hydraulic power to the backup tong.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system also includes a pressure switch to determine whether the pump or the accumulator supplies hydraulic power to the backup tong.

In an embodiment, a method of making-up tubulars includes arranging a tong system in a hydraulic power configuration; supplying hydraulic power to at least one of a plurality of hydraulic power consumers to position a tubular for make-up; arranging the tong system in a rotary drive configuration; supplying at least one of torque and rotation to a power tong; wherein an onboard electric motor of the tong system supplies the hydraulic power when the tong system is in the hydraulic power configuration, and the onboard electric motor supplies the at least one of torque and rotation when the tong system is in the rotary drive configuration.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the onboard electric motor does not supply hydraulic power when the tong system is in the rotary drive configuration, and the onboard electric motor does not supply torque or rotation when the tong system is in the hydraulic power configuration.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the plurality of hydraulic power consumers comprises a door actuator, and positioning the tubular for make-up includes opening a tubular access door with the door actuator.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the plurality of hydraulic power consumers comprises a lift actuator and a backup tong, and positioning the tubular for make-up includes vertically positioning the backup tong with the lift actuator.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the plurality of hydraulic power consumers comprises a backup tong, the method further comprising clamping a tubular string with the backup tong.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the onboard electric motor supplies hydraulic power to the backup tong when the tong system is in the hydraulic power configuration, and an accumulator of the tong system supplies hydraulic power to the backup tong when the tong system is in the rotary drive configuration.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the tong system comprises electronics, the method further comprising controlling at least one of a torque and a speed of the onboard electric motor with the electronics.

In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the supplying at least one of torque and rotation to the power tong comprises first spinning the tubular in high gear until a reference torque is reached, and then spinning the tubular in low gear to a target torque.

Multi-joint torque control power tong is a new pattern hydraulic power tong which is based on the XQ series hydraulic power tong and equipped with multi-joint torque control system, and the number of the patent is 201010138634.5. It adopts advanced steering mechanism, tubing clamping technology and multi-joint torque control system, which has the characteristic of easy structure, reliable performance, long working life, stable operation, low noise, flexible operation, safe working, it is an ideal equipment in oil field for repairing well.

A set of power tong is composed of master tong and hydraulic power backup tong. When operating the hand-control directional overflow combination valves on the master tong, the backup tong and master tong can work synchronously and coordinate with each other flexibly.

It can equip bilateral sequence control apparatus that is specialized in tubing tong according the need, so it can realize that the backup tong clamps the tubing tong in advance of master tong and it is more reliable and safer to make up or break out tubing. The number of patent is 2010101421692.

The power tong is equipped with multi-joint torque control system. And the number of the patent is 201010138634.5. You can set several optimum torque ratings one time according to request for making up different specifications of tubing.

The 14-100 hydraulic power tong provides 100,000 ft-lb (135,600 N∙m) of torque capacity for running and pulling 7- to 14-in. casing. The tong has a unique gated rotary, a free-floating backup, and a hydraulic door interlock.

Our 14-50 high-torque casing tong provides 50,000 ft-lb (67,790 N∙m) of torque capacity for running and pulling 6 5/8- to 14-in. casing. The tong has a unique gated rotary, a free floating backup, and a hydraulic door interlock.

The 16-25 hydraulic casing tong provides 25,000 ft-lb (33,900 N∙m) of torque capacity for running and pulling 6 5/8- to 16-in. casing. The tong features a unique gated rotary and as many as seven contact points that create a positive grip without damaging the casing.

Rigged up without rig modifications, our 21-300 riser tong is the only tong capable of producing 300,000 ft-lb (406,746 N∙m) of continuous rotational torque in both makeup and breakout mode. The power it achieves in a compact size compares with a conventional 24-in. casing tong.

The 24-50 high-torque casing tong provides 50,000 ft-lb (67,790 N∙m) of torque capacity for running and pulling 10 3/4- to 24-in. casing. The tong features a unique gated rotary, a free-floating backup, and a hydraulic door interlock.

The 30-100 high-torque casing tong provides 100,000 ft-lb (135,600 N∙m) of torque capacity for running and pulling 16- to 30-in. casing. The tong features a unique gated rotary, a free-floating backup, and a hydraulic door interlock.

The 5.5-15 hydraulic tubing tong provides 15,000 ft-lb (20,340 N∙m) of torque capability for makeup and breakout of 1.66- to 5.5-in. tubing and premium or standard connections on corrosion‑resistant alloy tubulars. The tong features an ergonomic, lightweight design with a free-floating hydraulic backup.

The 7.6-30 hydraulic tubing tong provides 30,000 ft-lb (40,670 N∙m) of torque capability for makeup and breakout of 2 3/8- to 7 5/8-in. tubing and premium or standard connections on corrosion‑resistant alloy tubulars. The tong features an ergonomic, lightweight design with a free-floating hydraulic backup.

Our SpeedTork 8.0-70 tong provides torques up to 70,000 ft-lb (94,900 N∙m) and 360° rotation in makeup and breakout operations. It can torque drillpipe connections, drillstring components, drilling tools, packers, couplings, and valves.

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We face several challenges when compiling the list of ASIE firms for matching with patent data. First, missing firm identifiers (legal person codes) and names are common in the 2009 ASIE data we had access to. Among 448,741 entries of the 2009 ASIE