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I want to thank our State Reporter, William J. Hooks, for inviting me to submit this Foreword to the newly revised 2017 Official Style Manual of the New York State Law Reporting Bureau. Mr. Hooks and his excellent staff not only publish the Official Reports, the permanent record of the decisions and proceedings of the New York State courts, but also publish and maintain the Official Style Manual, which has long served as the authoritative reference work on legal citation for the New York courts and the lawyers who practice before them.

No judge writing an opinion or lawyer drafting a brief can do so properly without citing to pertinent legal authorities -- statutes, regulations, prior court decisions, and treatises and secondary materials -- to support their conclusions and arguments. This technical language of "legal citation," which is absolutely essential to legal writing, would be impossible to master without a widely accepted guide that promotes consistency, conciseness and precision. Happily, the Bureau"s excellent Style Manual achieves all these goals -- balancing the need to provide enough information about references so that readers can follow a line of argument to its legal sources with the need to keep the writing as clear and uncluttered as possible.

This year, the Bureau has revised the Style Manual to update citation formats, add citation examples, clarify existing rules and add new rules to keep pace with the rapid growth of electronic materials and legal research technologies.

Among the many notable additions designed to facilitate precision and clarity in judicial writings are new or amended rules clarifying the mandatory elements of initial citations and omitting unnecessary information in shortened citation to previously cited sources, such as the use of "supra" as an element of a short form citation. Citation formats and examples have been provided for new sources of New York authority, including the Guide to New York Evidence being compiled by the Judicial Advisory Committee on Evidence established last year. The Style Manual has been expanded to provide enhanced guidance on citation of electronic materials and Internet sources. Finally, this edition reflects the Unified Court System"s policy of recognizing privacy and safety concerns, including guidance on redaction of personal identifying and other private information in judicial writings.

On behalf of our Judiciary and the entire legal profession, I extend my appreciation and gratitude to the Law Reporting Bureau for its always competent and diligent work, and for its responsiveness and commitment to excellence in continually updating the phenomenal resource that is the Official Style Manual.

For more than 60 years, the New York Law Reports Style Manual has been issued by the Law Reporting Bureau with the approval of the Court of Appeals as a guide for New York judges and their staffs in the preparation of opinions for publication in the Official Reports. It also prescribes the style applied by the Law Reporting Bureau in editing the opinions for publication in the Reports. Although not binding on them, many lawyers find the Manual useful in preparing papers for submission to New York courts. The Style Manual provides a guide for opinion writers and editors in five primary areas: citation, abbreviation, capitalization, quotation, and word style and usage. In addition, it specifies for editors the format and typographical standards for the Reports. Moreover, the Style Manual provides guidance to assist the courts with applying the Unified Court System"s policy to protect the personal privacy and safety interests that are implicated in Internet publication of judicial opinions. This Edition continues to add and adapt style rules and policies that promote modern practices emphasizing clarity, brevity and use of plain English in judicial decisions; it also facilitates broad access to the law by encouraging citation of reliable, official sources that are publicly available online at no cost.

This Manual supplements general citation and style authorities, providing more detail on New York materials and a more specific focus on judicial opinions. General authorities should be consulted on matters not covered by this Manual. These authorities include:

Webster"s Third New International Dictionary (2002), and Webster"s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged Online (http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/)

The 2017 Edition updates citation formats and examples, adds new examples, clarifies some existing rules, and provides new rules where necessary. It incorporates all electronic updates since 2013. The revisions are premised on the input of the staff of the Law Reporting Bureau and various state courts and other users, and review of various writing and style authorities. In updating and revising the 2017 Edition, the Law Reporting Bureau remained committed to conforming to modern style practices, reducing unnecessary variations from standard style authorities, and compiling an extensive array of citation format examples for New York source material. The most noteworthy of the changes found in this Manual are:

1. Citation Style:In accordance with standard authorities and to minimize interruption of text, revised rules clarify the information that should be omitted from subsequent references to cases previously cited in full (1.3 [a]), provide guidance on the proper use of supra and short-form references to previously cited authority (1.3 [b] [2]) and articulate the standard for use of sub nom. in case history (2.2 [a] [5]). In addition, use of short-form citations and id. are encouraged where appropriate and numerous examples of short-form references are included for cases (1.3 [b] [2]), statutes (3.1 [b] [1] [c]) and secondary authorities (1.3 [b] [2]).

The 2017 Edition embraces the continuing migration of legal research from print to electronic sources by providing guidance on the elements of electronic citation generally (1.5), and updating source specific rules and sample citations for electronic services (2.4 [a]), Internet material (2.4 [a] [3]; 7.1 [d]), CD-ROM material (7.3 [c]), New York Law Journal and other online decisions (2.2 [a] [8]; 2.2 [b] [2], [3]), and e-books (7.9). It adds citation formats for Internet sources that have been cached to avoid link rot (7.1 [d] [3]), sources found in commercial electronic databases (7.1 [d] [8]), and documents appearing in the New York State Courts Electronic Filing System (NYSCEF) (7.7). A new provision differentiates direct and parallel citation of Internet sources (7.1 [d] [7]).

Because treatises and similar authority published in both print and online often lack consistent page numbering and are not always updated simultaneously, the legend "[Note: online version]" is used in this Edition to distinguish examples of citation formats for the same material that is available in both print and online sources. The legend is added to facilitate the author"s choice of format for citation to the precise source referenced.

Additional or revised forms of citation have been provided for commission and agency documents and materials (2.4 [b] [1]); statutes (3.1-3.3; Appendix 4); regulations, court rules and jury instructions (4.1-4.2); and legal periodicals, treatises and other works (7.2-7.6).

Citation formats have been added for the following sources, among others: the Guide to New York Evidence (New York"s first publication of its rules of evidence compiled by Chief Judge DiFiore"s Judicial Advisory Committee on Evidence) (4.1 [e]); Model Colloquies for trial judges (drafted and published by the Unified Court System"s Criminal Jury Instructions and Model Colloquy Committee) (4.1 [d]); the new Rules for Attorney Disciplinary Matters (4.1 [b] [6]); and documents available online through NYSCEF (7.7).

2. Abbreviation:The list of abbreviations for words appearing in parenthetical citations of appellate history, statutes and legislative materials, rules and regulations, treatises and legal documents has been reorganized and rules have been added for capitalization and italicization of those words (Appendix 3).

The Style Manual"s section on omitting or altering language in quoted material has been expanded to add examples of proper ellipsis use and revised to clarify the rules governing omissions from or alterations of the source text.New rules illustrate the use of an ellipsis to indicate omission of a paragraph(s) from a multi-paragraph quotation (11.1 [c] [1]), and the use of an ellipsis with a period to indicate omission of a full sentence(s) between quoted sentences (11.1 [c] [2]).

The rules governing alterations that appear in the source of a quotation (11.1 [d]) and omission of internal quotation marks from quotations within quotations (11.2 [c]) have been clarified.

4. Word Style and Usage:The rule on redaction of personal identifying information has been revised to provide guidance for consistent redaction of personal identifying and other private information throughout particular writings and in related appellate decisions (12.4).

Examples have been added to the list showing the style of particular words, with a continuing modern style emphasis on reducing excessive use of hyphens and capitalization (Appendix 5).

The rules on formulation of case summaries (appeal statements) have been updated and examples have been added (Appendix 8). Guidance is now included for use of paragraph and section headings in decisions (13.2). The model citational footnote opinion has been retained (Appendix 7).

Deviations from the rules stated in this Manual are permitted where application of a rule would adversely affect the clarity or readability of an opinion. The Law Reporting Bureau welcomes suggestions for improvement of the Style Manual. Send them to: reporter@nycourts.gov.

Changes to this Manual will be posted to the Bureau"s Internet site at http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/styman_menu.shtml. Use of the Internet version is strongly recommended not only for updates, but also to gain the advantages of word searching, hypertext linking and coordinating use of the Manual with the New York Official Reports Citator.

Include the court, omitting any information made redundant by the citation itself, pertinent jurisdictional information and year of decision for all full case references, including references to appellate history.

The clear and convincing evidence standard discussed in Solomon v State of New York (146 AD2d 439, 440 [1st Dept 1989], quoting Addington v Texas, 441 US 418, 427 [1979]) was not met here.

The clear and convincing evidence standard was not met here (see Solomon v State of New York, 146 AD2d 439, 440 [1st Dept 1989], quoting Addington v Texas, 441 US 418, 427 [1979]).

Place the parenthetical within the sentence (as in first example above) if it relates to the sentence alone. Place it outside the sentence (as in second example above) if it relates to more than one preceding sentence.

In a footnote containing only a citation, use the parenthetical citation style, but omit the opening and closing parentheses and change the internal brackets to parentheses. Some examples are:

The citational footnote style is an alternative to the traditional placement of citations, using footnotes only for the citational content that would otherwise appear in the body of an opinion if either the running text citation style (§ 1.2 [b]) or the citations within parentheses style (§ 1.2 [c]) were used. If used, the citational footnote style should be used for all citations in the opinion. See Appendix 7 for a model opinion formatted in the citational footnote style. Apply the following rules based upon the location where citational content would be placed in the traditional format.

Place the case name in running text and the volume—report—page or other bibliographic information in the footnote and eliminate the parentheses enclosing the citation. The footnote number should be placed at the point in the text where the citation would appear if the citation were placed in the text.

Place the footnote number at the point where the parenthetical citation would appear if the parenthetical citation were placed in the body of the opinion. Place the citation in the footnote and eliminate the parentheses enclosing the citation.

2. The effect of the deregulation on the structure and organization of the natural gas industry is detailed in General Motors Corp. v Tracy, 519 US 278, 283-297 (1997).

County Court denied defendant"s motion;16 the Appellate Division reversed, vacated the judgment, restored the indictment to the preplea stage and reinstated the prosecution"s notice of intent to seek the death penalty.17

To reference previously cited authority use a short-form reference or "id." where appropriate. A full citation may be repeated if a short form or id. is unsuitable. The subsequent citation should omit any reference to jurisdiction, date and optional information (§ 2.2 [a] [7]), and history. A short-form reference should provide sufficient information to avoid confusion with distinct previous citations.

Subsequent references to a case in running text or within parentheses may use a shortened case name. The shortened form of the case name is usually the name of the first nongovernmental party (for example, "Krom" for "People v Krom" and "Albouyeh" for "Albouyeh v County of Suffolk"). Popular names for cases (for example, "the Central Park Jogger case") may be used when desired.

Do not use "supra" to shorten a subsequent citation. Do not add "supra" to a full citation of a source that has been previously cited in full. See section 12.6 for use of "supra" and "infra" as internal cross-references. Subsequent references to cases and statutes may be shortened as follows:

Subsequent references to periodicals, treatises and similar works may be shortened by omitting the author"s name or the title, in whole or in part, as follows:

Citations may be introduced by signals that indicate the purpose for which the citations are made and their degree of support or contradiction concerning a proposition. Do not place a comma between the signal and citation. Consult standard citation authorities for information regarding the use of signals, their order when using two or more and the order of authorities after each signal.

Cite an electronic source if it is the sole source of material referenced or if the print version is not readily available. A citation to an electronic source requires information identifying the particular material referenced, and is likely also to require information about the location where the source of that material may be accessed (e.g. a website or an online service). Where the location or content of an electronic source is subject to change, a "last updated" or "last accessed" date should be included. If the format of an electronic source prevents precise citation to particular material referenced, add the necessary navigation instructions to the citation. Pinpoint citation is not possible if the electronic source is in a format (e.g. HTML) that does not contain fixed reference points, but may be included if the source is in a format (e.g. PDF) that contains fixed pagination, paragraph numbering or location numbers. Electronic government sources designated "official" or authenticated by some method involving encryption should be cited when available. The rules for citing specific types of electronic sources appear in the sections listed below. In addition, the legend "[Note: online version]" is used in this Manual to distinguish examples of citation formats for the same material that is available in both print and online sources.

Trial court and Appellate Term opinions published online only with or without abstracts published in the print Official Reports are cited as indicated in section 2.2 (b) (2). Opinions published in the online version of the New York Law Journal are cited as indicated in section 2.2 (b) (3).

Case names for New York decisions reported in the first, second and third series of the New York Official Reports can be found in the Official Case Name and Citation Locator at http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/Citator_Menu.shtml. The case name for a decision is also provided in the "Cite Title As" field in the online Official Reports. Case names found in the Table of Cases in the printed Official Reports should not be used when they differ from the electronic version. To cite a companion case whose title is different than the official case name, formulate a case name as described in section 2.1 (a) (2).

If a case has not been officially reported, formulate a case name using the citation naming conventions found in standard citation manuals and apply the abbreviations listed in Appendix 1. Also see examples of case names in Appendix 6.

Case names for the Supreme Court of the United States cases are found on the Supreme Court website at http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/casefinder.aspx. Retain the abbreviations provided. If the case does not appear in the Supreme Court"s listing, formulate a case name using the citation naming conventions found in standard citation manuals and apply the abbreviations listed in Appendix 1.

For any other case, use the case name found in standard citation services or formulate a name by applying citation naming conventions found in standard citation manuals. In either event, use the abbreviations listed in Appendix 1.

When the case name changes in a material aspect in subsequent proceedings, include the different case name in appellate history and precede it with the abbreviation sub nom. Generally, use sub nom. where one party name changes on appeal (e.g. Eric Schneiderman is substituted for Andrew Cuomo as Attorney General). However, do not use sub nom. where the name "People" or "State" changes to "New York." It is unnecessary to use a sub nom. reference for denials of certiorari, including instances where multiple criminal defendants are named in a single decision and separate denials of certiorari are reported.

(People v Pepper, 53 NY2d 213 [1981], cert denied 454 US 967 [1981], 454 US 1162 [1982]) [Note: decision involving multiple defendants and certiorari denials]

Add the specific court, if not apparent from the citation, and the year of decision in brackets following the citation. The precise date of decision and judge"s name are optional, but may also be supplied in brackets. Do not include jurisdiction, date and optional information in references to previously cited authority. See section 1.3.

A number of opinions not selected for full publication in the Miscellaneous Reports are published in abstract form in the printed Miscellaneous 3d Reports and in full text in the Slip Opinion Service and online Official Reports. Each opinion is assigned a Miscellaneous 3d citation as well as a unique Slip Opinion citation that is paginated to permit pinpoint page eferences.

Cite unreported cases not published in the New York Slip Opinion Service using citation naming conventions found in standard citation manuals and include any information that would be useful in identifying the case:

When citing reports known by name of the reporter, except New York and English reports, the jurisdiction should be added in abbreviated form in brackets after the name of the reporter:

If the only source is a website, supply additional information using section 2.4 (a) (3). Appendix 2 (D) contains a list of jurisdictions that have adopted a public domain citation.

Citation to a case contained in an electronic service (e.g. Westlaw or Lexis) is permissible only when the case is not published in book form. Provide the case name, citation, court, decision date and docket or index number. If the source is Westlaw or Lexis, and access to both is available, cite both services:

Citation to decisions posted on the Internet is permitted where the material is not readily available in print. Provide the uniform resource locator (URL) precisely as it appears in the Internet browser; the case name or document title; the precise identifier, such as case citation or number; and the date of the decision, adding if applicable the date that the decision was updated or corrected. Add pinpoint citations, if any, after the precise identifier. The name of the author may be added if desired:

(Applications of a Child with a Disability [Board of Educ. of Kenmore-Tonawanda Union Free Sch. Dist.], https://www.sro.nysed.gov/decision/1996/96-055-96-066 [NY St Educ Dept, Off of St Review, Decision Nos. 96-55 & 96-66, Nov. 20, 1996, Eldridge, SRO, last accessed

(NY St Ins Dept 2002 Circular Letter No. 25, RE: Applicability, Guidelines and Procedures for Compliance with the Provisions of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002; Guidelines for the Use of Limitations for Acts of Terrorism in Commercial Property/Casualty Policies)

The statute name abbreviations listed in Appendix 4 should be used for statutory citations within parentheses. Either the full name or the abbreviated name may be used in running text.

Use the statute"s terminology when specifying its divisions. For example, if the statute refers to its "subdivisions," "subsections," "paragraphs," "subparagraphs," etc., use that terminology. If the statute does not use any such terminology, use "subdivision," "paragraph," "subparagraph," "clause" in descending order.

References to divisions of sections of statutes cited in ascending hierarchy (divisions followed by more inclusive divisions of the section) should appear within parentheses as follows:

(Labor Law § 200; see also § 220-c) [Note: where only one section is cited before another cite to a different section of the same law preceded by a signal, include only one section symbol in the initial citation and include a section symbol after

(McKinney"s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes § 51; see § 74) [Note: where only one section is cited before another cite to a different section of the same authority preceded by a signal, include only one section symbol in the initial citation and include a section symbol after the signal]

New York session laws may be cited when referring to a statutory enactment not contained in the consolidated laws or to indicate the addition, amendment, renumbering or repeal of a consolidated law or division thereof. Citation may be made to the appropriate session and chapter as well as to the act"s popular name or short title, if any. In addition, if the enactment is contained in McKinney"s Unconsolidated Laws of New York or New York Consolidated Laws Service Unconsolidated Laws, a citation to these compilations may be included. Subsequent references to an unconsolidated law"s popular name or short title may appear in an abbreviated form (e.g. Emergency Tenant Protection Act of 1974 [ETPA] or Rent Stabilization Law of 1969 [RSL]), using a section sign (ETPA § 5).

Consolidated Laws Service Unconsolidated Laws of NY chapter 249-A, § 1 (5) (Local Emergency Housing Rent Control Act § 5, as added by L 1962, ch 21, § 1, as amended)

(Simplification of Discovery and the Use of Non-Party Business Records, 2002 Rep of Advisory Comm on Civ Prac to Chief Admin Judge of Cts of St of NY, reprinted in 2002 McKinney"s Session Laws of NY at 2164)

(Staff Notes of Temp St Commn on Rev of Penal Law and Crim Code, 1964 Proposed NY Penal Law [Study Bill, 1964 Senate Intro 3918, Assembly Intro 5376] § 25.05 at 264)

(Proposed Legislation to amend Domestic Relations Law ["DRL"] § 117 and Estates, Powers and Trusts Law ["EPTL"] §§ 2-1.3 and 3-3.3, Veto Jacket, Veto 106 of 1984 at 50)

Cite the United States Code if therein. Federal Public Laws or United States Statutes at Large may be cited to refer to an enactment not contained in the United States Code or to indicate the addition, amendment, renumbering or repeal of a law contained in the United States Code.

(Pub L 105-298, 112 US Stat 2827 [105th Cong, 2d Sess, Oct. 27, 1998] [termed the "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act"], amending 17 USC § 301 [c])

(Pub L 106-74, tit V, § 531, 113 US Stat 1109, amending Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 § 524 [42 USC § 1437f Note])

The general rules of parenthetical and running text citation should be observed when referring to out-of-state statutes. Within parentheses the name of the statutory compilation should be abbreviated, e.g. "(NJ Stat Ann)"; however, in running text, either the abbreviation or the full name, e.g. "New Jersey Statutes Annotated," may be used. In addition, the relevant jurisdiction"s designation of statutory divisions should be used. For example, some states refer to the first division of a section as a subsection or the first division of an article as a paragraph. Furthermore, use any abbreviations provided in an out-of-state compilation"s prescribed form of statutory citation. Citation to either the annotated or unannotated compilation is acceptable.

(6) Rules of Professional Conduct, Rules for Attorney Disciplinary Matters, Code of Professional Responsibility, Rules Governing Judicial Conduct and Code of Judicial Conduct

(6) Rules of Professional Conduct, Rules for Attorney Disciplinary Matters, Code of Professional Responsibility, Rules Governing Judicial Conduct and Code of Judicial Conduct

Effective April 1, 2009, the Rules of Professional Conduct (22 NYCRR 1200.0) replaced the Code of Professional Responsibility as the governing rules for attorney conduct in New York. Matters occurring before April 1, 2009, are governed by the Code of Professional Responsibility and should cite that code and include references to both the Disciplinary Rule and its companion NYCRR provision.

(Rules of Professional Conduct [22 NYCRR 1200.0] rules 1.1 Comment [2]; 1.8 Comment [8] [NY St Bar Assn rev June 2018]) [Note: citation to rules and commentary]

While subsequent short-form references to the 1968 Building Code can be cited using either Administrative Code or 1968 Building Code alone with the section number, short-form references to the current New York City Building Code should not be cited with only Administrative Code and the section number.

Where a footnote in the text of the rule indicates that a revision was made, reference to the revision may be made by using the appropriate citation format above and adding a parenthetical specifying the revision date.

Treaties signed before 1949 are contained in and cited to the United States Statutes at Large. Treaties signed since 1949 are contained in and may be cited to United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) (the official source). Those treaties signed since 1945 are also published in and may be cited to the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) (the unofficial source).

Use of the full names of authors is preferred, except for certain treatises noted in section 7.3 (a). Separate two authors" names with an ampersand. Separate more than two with commas and an ampersand before the final name or place the phrase "et al." after the first author"s name.

Titles of legal periodicals, treatises and other works and documents are set in roman. Titles of articles and chapters within those sources are set in italics.

A website itself or specific content on a website may be cited. To cite a website, provide the name of the website, the uniform resource locator (URL) precisely as it appears in the Internet browser and the date the website was accessed. To cite specific content, provide the name of the author, if any; a description of the content, such as a heading or document title; the publication date; the precise URL; and, in order of preference, the date that the content was last updated or accessed. Add a page reference or other pinpoint citation if desired after the description. If the particular document or page referenced cannot be directly accessed using the URL, add the necessary navigation instructions to the citation.

(Gerald Lebovits, Judgment Writing in Kenya and the Common-Law World, 2 Kenya L Rev 218 [2008-2010], available at https://works.bepress.com/gerald_lebovits/169/ [last accessed Apr. 19, 2017])

(see Paul Arnsberger, Charities and Other Tax-Exempt Organizations, 2000, Statistics of Income Bulletin, US Government Printing Office [fall 2003], available at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/00eochin.pdf [last accessed Apr. 19, 2017])

For citations to weblogs (blogs), follow the general citation style above, including the author"s name, the name of the weblog, the title of the article or entry, the URL and the date of the posting, as follows:

(Eugene Volokh, The Volokh Conspiracy, Sorry, Your Viewpoint Is Excluded from First Amendment Protection, http://volokh.com/posts/1145577196.shtml [Apr. 20, 2006])

(Todd Henderson, Opinion analysis: Justices decline to extend sovereign immunity to tribe employees, SCOTUSblog [Apr. 25, 2017, 10:20 p.m.], http://www.scotusblog.com/2017/04/opinion-analysis-justices-decline-extend-sovereign-immunity-tribe-employees)

(NY St Cts Elec Filing [NYSCEF] Doc No. 38, Westreich aff, exhibit 1, at 1, https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/CaseSearch [complete CAPTCHA, search by case index No. 650793/2014, click on index No. hyperlink])

For citations to a document contained in a commercial electronic database (e.g. Thomson Reuters Westlaw or Lexis), provide a complete citation to the document in accordance with general citation style, and also provide the name of the database if not apparent from the citation. If the database assigns an identifier (a unique series of letters or numbers) to the document, include that information. For guidance as to the specific use of commercial electronic databases in case citations, see section 2.4 (a).

(Jake Seligman, Comment, Electric Vehicles and Time-of-Use Rates: The Impending Role of the New York State Public Service Commission in Regulating Our Transportation Future, 28 Pace Envtl L Rev 568 [2011])

(1 Howard Leventhal, Charges to the Jury and Requests to Charge in a Criminal Case in New York § 18:15 [1988 rev ed & Oct. 2016 Update]) [Note: online treatise]

Where the title of a legal treatise begins with language such as "Law of," "Handbook on" or "A Treatise on," that prefatory material is omitted from the citation title.

If a CD-ROM is the sole source of material referenced, cite it as in the example below. Add the date of the version being cited, and provide the word "CD-ROM" in a parenthetical if "CD-ROM" is not mentioned in the title.

(Ann K. Wooster, Comment Note, Application of Supreme Court"s Apprendi Doctrine to Drug Quantity Element in Federal Narcotics Prosecutions, 14 ALR Fed 2d 1, § 12)

(Carolyn Kelly MacWilliam, Annotation, Individual and Corporate Liability for Libel and Slander in Electronic Communications, Including E-mail, Internet and Websites, 3 ALR6th 153)

Affirmation: (affirmation of defendant"s counsel at 3); (Kelly affirmation, exhibit 7, David Gold deposition tr at 120); (affirmation of plaintiff"s counsel in support

(NY St Cts Elec Filing [NYSCEF] Doc No. 13, protective order, in McMahon v New York Organ Donor Network, Inc., Sup Ct, NY County, index No. 156669/2012)

(American Arbitration Association Rules for Arbitration of Supplementary Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Insurance Disputes and Uninsured Motorist Insurance Disputes in the State of New York § 16)

(Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary, risk factor 8 [Nov. 1997] or [2006]) [Note: unpaginated Risk Factor Guidelines]

(U.S. Government Accountability Office, Report to Congressional Requesters, U.S. Postal Service: Delivery Performance Standards, Measurement, and Reporting Need Improvement at 11 [GAO-06-733, July 2006])

(New York Manual for Workers Compensation & Employers Liability Insurance [2008], Administrative Rules and Procedures [A] at P-1 [issued Mar. 13, 2013])

(New York Manual for Workers Compensation & Employers Liability Insurance [2008], Rulings and Interpretations § I [K] [3] at D-8 [issued Oct. 1, 2008])

Cite an e-book as in the example below. Include the e-book edition and the type of e-reader used. To provide a pinpoint citation, use a fixed reference point such as a location number.

Typically, the parties in an action are referred to, atthe trial level, as Plaintiff and Defendant (in the event of impleader one might find Third-Party or Fourth-Party Plaintiffs and Defendants); in a proceeding the parties are referred to as Petitioner and Respondent. In criminal actions, the prosecuting authority is usually described as "The People of the State of New York" and is referred to as Plaintiff. In habeas corpus proceedings and other proceedings brought in the name and on behalf of the People of the State of New York, the caption should begin with the words "The People of the State of New Yorkex rel." and the petitioning party is referred to as Petitioner and the opposing party as Respondent. In claims against the State, the prosecuting party is referred to as Claimant and the State as Defendant.

On the appellate level, parties are referred to according to their status on appeal, e.g. Appellant or Respondent. Cross-appealing parties are designated Appellant-Respondent and Respondent-Appellant, the first party to appeal being Appellant-Respondent. In impleader situations, Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellant, Third-Party Defendant-Respondent and the like should be used.

Generally, where there is more than one party sharing the same status (i.e. Defendants, Appellants), only the name of the first named party of that status should appear in the title followed by "et al." However, in a criminal action with multiple defendants, up to five defendants may be listed in the title followed by an "et al." in the event of more than five criminal defendants. In addition, where the person or entity omitted is not a party to the action or proceeding (most commonly the children in child neglect, abuse or custody proceedings) "and Another" or "and Others" should be used instead of et al. (e.g. In the Matter of Kaitlyn S. and Another, Children Alleged to be Abused).

Where a proceeding commenced in Supreme Court is transferred to the Appellate Division, the parties are designated Petitioner and Respondent, not Appellant and Respondent. However, in unemployment insurance and workers" compensation proceedings that are appealed directly to the Appellate Division from the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board or Workers" Compensation Board, the parties are referred to by their status on appeal, i.e. Appellant and Respondent.

In appellate titles, nonappealing parties who do not participate in the appeal as appellants or respondents are not named unless they are the first listed party (Plaintiff/Defendant or Petitioner/Respondent), e.g. Jan Wojtowicz, Jr., Respondent, et al., Plaintiffs, v Agnes Sweeney, Defendant, and Sol Zigman, Appellant. In an appellate action or proceeding title, omit captions of adjunct actions or proceedings (e.g. third-party or consolidated actions or proceedings) that are not part of the appeal. Use a suitable notation, for example (And Two Other Proceedings.) or (And a Third-Party Action.).

In the Matter of Medical Malpractice Insurance Association et al., Petitioners, v Commissioner of Department of Health of the State of New York, Respondent.

In the Matter of Alan Kane, Respondent-Appellant, v Thomas J. Bannon, Appellant-Respondent, and Keith J. Laing et al., Respondents, et al., Respondent.

[Note: The Respondents in the above example are separately listed because the first Respondents are parties to the appeal and consequently are named, whereas the second Respondent is not participating in the appeal and thus is unnamed. Although each is a "Respondent," their statuses are different (the first being Respondents in an Appellant/Respondent context, the second a Respondent in the Petitioner/Respondent context) and accordingly they are not combined in the title.]

Use the firm or legal organization name and individual names of appearing attorneys, unless only the firm or legal organization name(s) or attorney(s) name(s) is available. Where the middle name or names of an attorney are given, use them. Include the city, village or town of the firm, legal organization or attorney(s) appearing for each party, when available. The following examples are illustrative:

Attorney General, United States Attorneys, District Attorneys, County Attorneys, Corporation Counsel, Town Attorneys, Village Attorneys and Public Defenders.

Capitalize in accordance with standard authorities, except as noted below. In the absence of clear authority, use lowercase. Be consistent within each document.

The word "state" standing alone should be capitalized only when the word it modifies is capitalized, when referring to a state as a party or when referring to a state acting in its governmental capacity. In addition, the words "county," "city," "town," "village" and the like standing alone should be capitalized only when the word they modify is capitalized, when referring to a political subdivision as a party or when referring to a political subdivision acting in its governmental capacity.

Capitalize "district" when naming a district in full, such as First Assembly District, Second Congressional District, but lowercase "district" when used as a general term, such as "one of the congressional districts."

Capitalize the word "court" when standing alone only when referring to the Supreme Court of the United States, the New York Court of Appeals or the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.

Capitalize the popular names of federal and state acts and constitutional clauses, for example: Dead Man"s Statute, No-Fault Law, Federal Clean Water Act, Due Process Clause, Equal Protection Clause, Gift or Loan Clause, Speech or Debate Clause.

Capitalize amendments to the constitution when referred to by number, such as the Fifteenth Amendment. When referred to by name, capitalize if full title is given, such as the Child Labor Amendment; but lowercase "amendment" as a general term—"a constitutional amendment."

Lowercase complaint, answer, bill of particulars, interrogatories, separation agreement, opinion, qualified domestic relations order, temporary restraining order, will, trust and similar terms.

In general, numbers up to and including nine should be spelled out and numbers above nine should be denoted by figures. However, the style of the larger numbers controls the style of the smaller ones, when used in the same context (e.g. "The victim was uncertain whether the gunman used an 8-, 10-, or 20-shot handgun"). Ordinarily, spell out numbers that begin a sentence (e.g. "Forty-five men were injured in the battle").As an exception to the general rule, counts of an indictment should appear as numerals (e.g. "Defendant contends that his conviction under count 3 must be dismissed").

Retain roman numerals that are used in articles of federal and state constitutions and statutes, proper names, names of events and otherwise in accordance with standard authorities. Roman numerals may be used alone or with text as a heading to delineate paragraphs or sections of an opinion.

For determinate term sentences, apply the rule in section 10.2 (a) (1) (numbers up to and including nine should be spelled out and numbers above nine should be denoted by figures) as follows:

Reference to sex offender risk levels, prison disciplinary hearings, attorney disciplinary charges and state retirement tiers should appear as follows:

When using numbers to identify items in a list that is interwoven in a sentence, place the numbers within parentheses. If the list is in columnar format, omit the parentheses and add a period after each number. For example:

Two principal issues were addressed: (1) whether section 6-2 was inconsistent with state law; and (2) whether parts of the subject code were inconsistent.

All the months of the year, with the exception of May, June and July, should be abbreviated when used in parentheses or footnote citations: (Sept. 1). Months should be spelled out when part of a textual sentence in footnotes.

Use the style of personal names as given in the record or briefs. In the event of conflicting styles, follow the personal name style used in papers submitted by or on behalf of that individual.

Quotations should be verbatim as to word style, citation style and punctuation. All quotations, including blocked quotations, must be enclosed within quotation marks.

Block quotations of 50 words or more in opinions. For counting purposes, words include articles, symbols and numbers. Quotations in Appellate Division memorandum decisions are not blocked. Multiple-paragraph quotations in Appellate Division memorandum decisions should be set out as tabbed paragraphs.

Commas and periods are placed within the ending quotation mark; colons and semicolons are placed outside. Other punctuation, such as question marks and exclamation marks, is placed within the ending quotation mark only if part of the quoted material.

The omission of a paragraph(s) from a multiple-paragraph quotation is indicated by an ellipsis placed at the end of the line of text preceding the omission.

The omission of internal quotation marks or case citations from a quotation is indicated by a parenthetical, such as (internal quotation marks and citation omitted), in which case ellipses are not necessary.

Use an ellipsis followed by a period to indicate one or more words omitted at the end of a quoted sentence if the quoted portion that remains is an independent clause (last quoted word . . . .). Otherwise, use only a period.

If the end of the preceding sentence is omitted, insert an ellipsis followed by a period (last quoted word of preceding sentence . . . . First word of next sentence).

Indicate omission of a full sentence(s) between quoted sentences by retaining the period at the end of the last word of the sentence preceding the omission and inserting an ellipsis between the period and the first word of the next quoted sentence (last word of preceding sentence. . . . First word of next sentence).

Use brackets to indicate that language has been added or modified, including the omission or alteration of one or more characters of a word. Alterations in the source of a quotation do not require an explanatory parenthetical, such as (brackets in original). If bracketed language replaces language omitted, do not indicate the omission with an ellipsis. If the end of a word is omitted or altered and the immediately succeeding language is omitted, use brackets and an ellipsis to indicate those changes.

When the quoted material contains mistakes that the author does not wish to correct by substituting bracketed language, the author may indicate that the mistake appeared in the original by inserting "[sic]" after the mistaken language.

To add emphasis to a quotation, use italics and add a parenthetical: (emphasis added). However, when the source document in which a quotation is found uses a different style of emphasis (e.g. underscoring, boldface), retain that style. When emphasis in the source document is retained in a quotation and the author wishes to add further emphasis, use italics and add a parenthetical, such as (additional emphasis added). When emphasis in a source document is omitted from a quotation, add a parenthetical: (emphasis omitted).

Avoid using "he" or "she" as a generic pronoun. "He" or"she" should not be used to refer to a group of people that may include men and women or an individual whose gender is not known. Instead you might:

This section is based upon New York State Judicial Committee on Women in the Courts, Fair Speech: Gender-Neutral Language in the Courts (NY St Unified Ct Sys [2017], https://www.nycourts.gov/ip/womeninthecourts/pdfs/fair-broch2.pdf), which may be consulted for additional background.

Follow the word style in Webster"s Third New International Dictionary (2002), except as modified by Appendix 5. Otherwise, hyphenate a prefix to a root word only where ambiguity might otherwise result (e.g. re-present, not represent; re-serve, not reserve).

The use of Latin and other foreign language words and phrases generally is discouraged where an English language equivalent is available. Legalisms are also discouraged. For example, consider these substitutes:

The use of Latin and other foreign words and phrases is appropriate where the word or phrase has become part of standard English or is a legal term of art.

Privacy interests of individuals should be protected by omitting irrelevant references to personal identifying information and redacting necessary references.

(1) Children. The name of any person younger than 18 years old should not appear in any published opinion. This includes the surname of an adoptive child (Domestic Relations Law § 112 [4]) and the name of a subject of a youthful offender proceeding (see CPL 720.35 [2]). Nor should any opinion contain the surname of any person, such as a parent, who shares a surname with the child.

(b) In Family Court proceedings, the names of the individual parties should not be published. This includes juvenile delinquency and PINS proceedings, foster care proceedings, child abuse and neglect proceedings and support proceedings. (SeeFamily Ct Act § 166.)

(c) In proceedings under Mental Hygiene Law article 9 (hospitalization of individuals with mental illness), the name of the subject individual should not be published (see Mental Hygiene Law §§ 9.11, 33.13).

Special consideration should be given to the possibility that, under the circumstances of a case, the identification of a person in a published decision may raise concerns for that person"s privacy or safety, even if that person"s role in the case is already a matter of public record. This rule may require redaction of the names of witnesses or other nonparties who are referenced in text.

(1) Account Numbers. Numerical identifiers such as Social Security numbers; bank, credit and debit card numbers, insurance policy numbers and other financial account numbers; and driver"s license numbers should not appear in any published opinion.

Other identifying detail, such as an exact street address, email address, home or work telephone number, name of a child"s school or name of a person"s employer, should be redacted in whole or in part where publication of that information would tend to identify a person whose identity requires protection under section 12.4 (a) or is not essential to the opinion.

Omissions and redactions should be applied consistently within a decision and to all subsequent decisions in the same action or proceeding, whether they issue out of the trial court or appellate courts. When the name of a party is redacted in the title of a decision, the names of family members sharing the party"s surname should also be redacted.

Uniform Rules for Trial Courts (22 NYCRR) § 202.16 (m) requires omission or redaction of certain confidential personal information from matrimonial decisions submitted for publication, whether or not a sealing order is or has been sought. That confidential information includes: individual or entity taxpayer identification numbers or any financial account numbers, except the last four digits; the actual home address of parties and their children; the full name of an individual known to be under the age of 18 or of either party in cases containing allegations of domestic violence, neglect, abuse,

juvenile delinquency or mental health issues; and any individual"s birth date, except year of birth. The most recent version of section 202.16 (m) should be reviewed and required redactions made prior to submitting any matrimonial decision for publication.

Many statutes and rules address privacy without reference to publication. Cases involving the Civil Rights Law, Criminal Procedure Law, Family Court Act, Domestic Relations Law, Mental Hygiene Law, Public Health Law and Social Services Law, as well as specialized acts like HIPAA, the Child Victims Act and the Red Flag Law, should be reviewed carefully before submission for publication. In addition, even where confidentiality is not required, resolution of the issue in dispute may affect an individual"s right to privacy, such a where a party requests youthful offender status, a statute requires the sealing of a defendant"s record after conviction, or a sex offender challenges their risk level. A nonparty"s right to privacy should also be considered, such as where a complainant or witness is a victim of domestic violence or stalking. Special consideration should be given in these—and other—cases to whether an individual"s name, address, or other identifying information should be redacted for publication purposes, in the discretion of the judge. Note that this standard may differ from what is required for an anonymous caption or sealing purposes (see e.g. 22 NYCRR 216.1).

Avoid language that implies that a person as a whole is disabled (e.g. the mentally ill or the learning disabled); equates persons with their condition (e.g. epileptics, autistics or quadriplegics); has negative overtones (e.g. afflicted with cerebral palsy, suffering from multiple sclerosis, confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair bound); or is regarded as derogatory or demeaning (e.g. handicapped or mentally deficient).

Use terminology that places the person before the disability (e.g. individuals with disabilities, individuals with developmental disabilities, individuals with mental illness, individuals with autism or individuals with mental retardation).

If desired, supra and infra may be used to cross-reference text or a footnote in an earlier or later portion of an opinion. Include the specific page or footnote number that is being cross-referenced.

John J. Murphy et al., as Administrators C.T.A. of the Estate of Martin T. Murphy, Deceased, Plaintiffs, v George Smith, as Administrator D.B.N. of the Estate of Thomas Smith, Deceased, Defendant.

Main headings and their component subheadings may comprise phrases or sentences. Capitalize words appearing in phrases with preference to an uppercase style; lowercase articles, short conjunctions and prepositions. Underscore the heading; do not use small capitals. Capitalize words appearing in sentences in accordance with section 10.1 (a). For example:

The heading may be centered or flush left depending on the author"s preference, but placement within an opinion should be consistent. Both flush left and centered headings may be used in a single decision to clarify the hierarchy of main headings and subheadings.

Create a data table in an opinion by using a word processor"s table formatting features rather than manually inserting spaces or tabs. In WordPerfect, select "Table" from the menu at the top of the page; in Word, select "Insert" from the menu at the top of the page. Assistance is available in WordPerfect by selecting "Help" from the menu at the top of the page and in Word by pressing the F1 key on the keyboard.

The names of the judges at the opening of the opinion in the majority, dissent, etc., and in the vote line at the end of the opinion are set in large and small capitals, e.g. Chief Judge DiFiore.

See the word list at Appendix 5. If not on the list, italicize foreign words and phrases only if they are italicized in Black"s Law Dictionary (11th ed 2019).

Several jurisdictions have implemented public domain citation for all or some of their courts. A public domain citation is assigned by the court or the Reporter of Decisions and is not associated with a particular vendor or a particular medium of publication. The citation formats adopted by these jurisdictions are listed below and the style rule governing these citations is found in section 2.3 (c) (4).Arkansas [2009-date]2009 Ark 12

Use the table below to abbreviate words in all citations within parentheses. Italicize in accordance with the Style Manual rule for specific citation types, including cases (ch 2.0), statutes and legislative materials (ch 3.0), rules and regulations (ch 4.0), treatises (§ 7.3) and legal documents (§ 7.7). Capitalize as illustrated in the table, or in accordance with the Style Manual rule for specific citation types, or if the word or abbreviation begins a separate citational sentence. Examples:

To signal that certiorari has been denied, the table instructs that the word "certiorari" is abbreviated "cert" and the word "denied" is not abbreviated. The term "cert denied" is then italicized as illustrated in

The table instructs that "op" is the abbreviation for the word "opinion." However, "op" is italicized and lowercased in "affd on concurring op of Suozzi, J." under

In the Matter of Tina Marie H., a Child Alleged to be Abused. Commissioner of the New York City Department of Social Services, Respondent; Cindy L., Appellant.

In the Matter of the Accounting of James W. Osborne, as Executor and Trustee under the Will of Eugene La Grove, Deceased, Appellant. Ivy L. La Grove, Respondent.

Helen Immediate, as Administrator of the Estate of Louis J. Immediate, Deceased, Appellant, v St. John"s Queens Hospital, Defendant, and Joseph S. Spindler, Respondent.

Ethel Kornblut, Individually and as Administrator of the Estate of Fred Kornblut, Deceased, Appellant, v Chevron Oil Company et al., Respondents, et al., Defendants.

In the Matter of the Arbitration between Acting Superintendent of Schools of Liverpool Central School District, Appellant, and United Liverpool Faculty Association et al., Respondents. [Note: This is the preferred form for arbitration titles.]

In the Matter of Wyandanch Union Free School District, Respondent-Appellant, v Wyandanch Teachers Association, by Wanda Williams, as President, Appellant-Respondent. [Note: This is an acceptable form for arbitration titles.]

In the Matter of The People of the State of New York, by Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General of the State of New York, Respondent, v Senior Citizens Assistance Group, Inc., Also Known as Senior Citizens Meals on Wheels Assistance Group, Inc., et al., Defendants, and Garrett Morgan, Appellant.

Robert J. Musso, as Trustee of the Bankruptcy Estate of Tong Lin Wu, Debtor, Respondent-Appellant, v Hsing Wei Chien et al., Respondents, and Daniel Fernandez, Appellant.

In the Matter of David K. Wong, Respondent, v Edward J. Mahoney et al., Constituting the Board of Elections of Erie County, Respondents, and William L. Marcy, Jr., Appellant.

Angelo Chiarella et al., Individually and on Behalf of All Payers of Real Property Taxes to the City of Rochester for the Fiscal Years 1974-1975 through 1977-1978, Respondents, v City of Rochester, Appellant.

In the Matter of Village of Newark Urban Renewal Agency, Appellant, Relative to Acquiring Title to Real Property for an Urban Renewal Project Known as Newark Midtown Project in the Village of Newark. Newark Grange No. 366 et al., Respondents.

In the Matter of City of New York Relative to Acquiring Title in Fee Simple Absolute to Certain Real Property Where Not Heretofore Acquired for the Grantwood Retention Basin Located in the Area Generally Bounded by Shotwell Avenue to the East, Tyron Avenue to the South, Grantwood Avenue to the West, and Woodrow Road to the North, in the Borough of Staten Island, City and State of New York. Cassino Contracting Corp. (Fee Claimant with Respect to Damage Parcel 1, Block 5676, Lot 1), Claimant v City of New York, Condemnor.

In the Matter of the Rehabilitation of Frontier Insurance Company. Callon Petroleum, Appellant, v New York State Department of Insurance, as Rehabilitator of Frontier Insurance Company, Respondent.

In the Matter of Shiv Shankar Gupta, for the Dissolution of Radiant Gems and Minerals, Inc. Radiant Gems and Minerals, Inc., Respondent, v Tech Gem Corporation et al., Appellants.

In the Matter of Lawrence M. Rosenberg (Admitted as Lawrence Matthew Rosenberg), a Suspended Attorney, Respondent. Departmental Disciplinary Committee for the First Judicial Department, Petitioner.

In the Matter of the Estate of Kathleen Frazier, Deceased. Robert G. Lamb, Jr., Appellant; William J. Frazier, as Executor of Kathleen Frazier, Deceased, Respondent.

In the Matter of Tax Foreclosure of2000 and Prior Liens by Proceeding in Rem Pursuant to Article 11 of the Real Property Tax Law. Town of Greenburgh, Respondent; Route 9A Realty Corporation, Appellant.

In the Matter of the Second Report of the September 1975 Grand Jury of the County of Erie. Two Public Officials Named in the Above-Entitled Report, Appellants; William H. Power, as District Attorney of the County of Erie, Respondent.

In the Matter of Omnicon Group Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation. Gary Otterbach et al., Respondents, v Bruce Crawford et al., Appellants, and Omnicon Group Inc., Respondent.

In the Matter of the Guardianship of Daniel Aaron D., an Infant. Louise Wise Services, as Guardian and Custodian of Daniel Aaron D., Respondent; Phoebe D., Appellant.

In the Matter of Ester Chachkers, as Director of Social Services of New York University Medical Center, Petitioner, for the Appointment of a Guardian of the Person and Property of Shirley W.

The People of the State of New York ex rel. Nasar Abdul Aziz, Also Known as Raymond Gilliard, Petitioner, v Eugene LeFevre, as Superintendent of Clinton Correctional Facility, Respondent.

The People of the State of New York ex rel. Eric Travis, on Behalf of Jack Jones, Appellant, v Samuel Tweed, as Commissioner of the Fishkill Correctional Facility, Respondent.

In the Matter of Arnold O.,a Person Alleged to be Incapacitated. James T. Towne, Jr., as Guardian of Arnold O., Appellant; John T. Biscone, Respondent.

Krystal G., an Infant, by Her Parents and Natural Guardians, Vivian G. et al., et al., Plaintiffs, v Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn et al., Defendants.

In the Matter ofRochester GasCorporation, Appellant, v Public Service Commission of the State of New York, Respondent, and Empire State Petroleum Association, Inc., et al., Intervenors-Respondents.

In the Matter of Scott H. Perra, Petitioner, for an Order Authorizing the Involuntary Treatment of Theresa Doe, a Patient in the Psychiatric Unit at Albany Medical Center, Respondent.

Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant-Appellant, v Neil Feldstein et al., Defendants/Counterclaim Plaintiffs-Respondents. Jeanne Fontana et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Appellants, et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants. (Appeal No. 1.) Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, v Neil Feldstein, Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff-Respondent, and Neil Buick Corporation et al., Defendants/Counterclaim Plaintiffs-Respondents-Appellants. Topline Advertising, Inc., Additional Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, and Jeanne Fontana et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Appellants-Respondents. (Appeal No. 2.) Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, v Neil Feldstein, Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff, and Neil Buick Corporation et al., Defendants/Counterclaim-Plaintiffs-Appellants. Topline Advertising, Inc., et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Respondents. (Appeal No. 3.)

In the Matter of Benson Park Associates LLC, Petitioner, for an Order Surrendering Money Paid into Court to Discharge the Notice of Mechanic"s Lien Filed by Mega Construction Corp., Respondent.

Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant-Appellant, v Neil Feldstein et al., Defendants/Counterclaim Plaintiffs-Respondents. Jeanne Fontana et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Appellants, et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants. (Appeal No. 1.) Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, v Neil Feldstein,Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff-Respondent, and Neil Buick Corporation et al., Defendants/Counterclaim Plaintiffs-Respondents-Appellants. Topline Advertising, Inc., Additional Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, and Jeanne Fontana et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Appellants-Respondents. (Appeal No. 2.) Greenstone/Fontana Corporation, Formerly Known as Topline Advertising, Inc., Counterclaim Defendant-Respondent, v Neil Feldstein, Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff, and NeilBuick Corporation et al., Defendants/Counterclaim-Plaintiffs-Appellants. ToplineAdvertising, Inc., et al., Additional Counterclaim Defendants-Respondents. (Appeal No. 3.)

In the Matter of Michael A., a Child Alleged to be Permanently Neglected. Suffolk County Department of Social Services, Appellant;Azilda A. et al., Respondents.

In the Matter of Department of Social Services, on Behalf of Jennifer M. and Another, Children Alleged to be Abused and/or Neglected, Appellant. Sandy G., Respondent.

In the Matter of Kristian CC., Alleged to be a Person in Need of