eckel power tong free sample

A two-speed Hydra-Shift® motor coupled with a two-speed gear train provides (4) torque levels and (4) RPM speeds. Easily shift the hydraulic motor in low speed to high speed without stopping the tong or tublar rotation, saving rig time.

Used on corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) and fiberglass tubulars where reduced markings on the tubular is desired. Eckel"s Coated True Grit® Dies utilize Tungsten Carbide grit which provides many more points of contact on the surface of the tubular than our Pyramid Fine Tooth dies.

A patented door locking system (US Patent 6,279,426) for Eckel tongs that allows for latchless locking of the tong door. The tong door swings easily open and closed and locks when torque

is applied to the tong. When safety is important this locking mechanism combined with our safety door interlock provides unparalleled safety while speeding up the turn around time between connections. The Radial Door Lock is patented protected in the following countries: Canada, Germany, Norway, United Kingdom, and the United States.

The WD Tri-Grip® Backup is a high performance no compromise backup that is suitable for make-up and break-out of the most demanding connections. The WD Tri-Grip®Backup features a three head design that encompasses the tubular that applies an evenly distributed gripping force. The WD Tri-Grip®is a high performance backup with no compromises that is available for specific applications that provdies exceptional gripping capabilities with either Eckel True Grit® dies or Pyramid Fine Tooth dies.

The field proven Tri-Grip® Backup features a three head design that encompasses the tubular that applies an evenly distributed gripping force. The Tri-Grip®Backup provides exceptional gripping capabilities with either Eckel True Grit® dies or Pyramid Fine Tooth dies. The hydraulic backup is suspended at an adjustable level below the power tong by means of three hanger legs and allowing the backup to remain stationary while the power tong moves vertically to compensate for thread travel of the connection.

Eckel offers several models of torque control systems that are used to monitor the torque turn values when making up tubular connections (Tubing, Casing, & Drill Pipe). Any flaws in the make-up process will be readily shown in a graph.

Eckel offers a full range of high-quality casing and tubing, drill pipe tongs for use in all types of oil and gas drilling, well completion, and well-servicing activities. Our tongs have been engineered for the high operational torques today"s that premium connections require. Eckel tongs continue to advance the technology of tool service and setting industry standards. Our tongs have improved crew efficiencies, such as our easy to open and close Radial Lock Door and our Hydra-Shift® speed shifting for speeding up turnaround time between connections. Eckel"s Torque turn control systems that monitor torque turn values when making up the tubular connection with any flaws in the make-up process are displayed.

This invention relates to power tongs used to turn pipe in the oilfield industry. More particularly, it relates to a camming system by which the jaws within a power tong are caused to engage with pipe.

In the oil industry power tongs are used to either grasp and hold pipe, tubing and casing while threaded joints are being made up or broken, or to rotate pipe, tubing and casing in order to make up or break such joints and to effect drilling. In the past, power tongs have been provided with at least one jaw mounted in a displaceable jaw assembly that may be shifted in order to bring the jaw into bearing engagement against pipe. Jaw systems of this design are typically constrained by upper and lower cage plates to which the jaw assembly is connected.

Typically, one or more jaws are caused to advance inwardly by rotating an outer encircling camming surface about the jaw assembly with the pipe located at the center of rotation. This camming surface is typically formed on the inside of a C-shaped ring gear. Camming rollers on the jaw assembly act as a cam follower bearing against this camming surface, and causing the jaw assembly to advance inwardly in response to the inward urging developed by the cam surface as it rotates past the camming rollers. The jaws in many typical designs pivot about a pivot axis that is fixed in relationship to the cage plates, the path followed by the jaws as they are displaced inwardly being arcuate. In other jaw designs the jaws advance radially towards the center of the tong in a sliding action.

An example of a prior art patent addressing this issue is U.S. Patent 5,819,605 to Buck for “Low Friction Power Tong Jaw Assembly”. In this patent it is proposed to provide a friction reducing surface between a jaw roller and the surface of a roller retaining means that secures the jaw roller to an aperture in the body of the jaw assembly. Examples given include pin, ball or sleeve bearings used to support the jaw roller. However, in every case depicted, only a single roller is in contact with the camming surface. Contact occurs along a single line contact that is limited to the length of a single roller.

It would be advantageous to provide a power tong wherein the frictional resistance encountered between the jaw holder and the camming surface is reduced to a low-level. The present invention addresses that objective.

The present invention in one aspect is applicable to a power tong provided with a powered rotary ring gear having a central pipe-containing region accessible through a throat opening in the side of the ring gear. The inner surface of the ring gear includes a generally crescent-shaped camming surface or surfaces that is/are of a minimum height adjacent to the throat, rising towards a maximum, inwardly-directed height proceeding towards the inside of the ring gear opposite to the throat.

The features of the invention as described above may be incorporated into a power tong wherein the jaw assembly is mounted for pivoting advancement towards a center of the power tong. Alternately, the jaw assembly may be mounted for radial advancement towards the center of the tong. In either case, the use of multiple camming roller elements that are pressed against the camming surface while traveling in a circulating path associated with the jaw assembly serves to greatly reduce the frictional resistance to the advancement of such cam follower roller elements along the camming surface when the tong is applying torque and consequently developing high radial forces to ensure that an effective grip is maintained on the pipe.

According to a further feature of the invention, the jaw assembly is introduced into the ring gear through the throat of the tong. In this variant the jaw assembly is initially stored at a storage location on the inside face of the gate used to close the tong throat. Upon closing of this gate, the jaw assembly may be advanced by sliding it inwardly through the throat to a position within the ring gear. Thereafter, rotation of the ring gear with respect to the jaw assembly commences the camming action.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a power tong with a sliding jaw assembly mounted in a swiveling door or gate which, upon closure, will align and release the sliding jaw assembly for advancement into the throat of the ring gear of the tong.

FIGS. 1B and 1C are perspective views of the power tong of FIG. 1A with the sliding jaw assembly respectively aligned for advancement into the throat of the ring gear, and fully advanced for engagement by the ring gear of the tong.

FIG. 2A is a further view of FIG. 1B taken from a perspective that is aligned with the throat on the power tong, with the outer frame, top cage plate and swivelling gate all removed for clarity.

FIG. 2B is a further view of FIG. 1 taken from a perspective that is aligned with the throat on the power tong, with the outer frame, top cage plate and swivelling gate 7 all removed for clarity and the rotary gear advanced along the length of the throat.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of the ring gear portion of the power tong of FIG. 1A with two receiving jaws and a sliding jaw assembly in place for embracing a section of pipe. The cam follower roller elements of the invention, made up of multiple roller elements in the form of hardened cylindrical rollers, are shown contained within a jaw assembly as a closed-loop, circulating bearing.

In FIG. 1A a power tong 1 has a top-side covering plate 2 over a frame 3 and a throat region 4 accessing a central region 5. A sliding jaw assembly 6 is detachably mounted in a swivelling gate 7 that can be closed in order to position the sliding jaw assembly 6 for radial advancement into the throat 4. With the gate 7 open, the sliding jaw assembly 6 is conveniently stored on the gate 7. With the gate 7 closed, the sliding jaw assembly 6 is aligned to advance into the throat 4 of the tong 1.

A top-side “C”-shaped cage plate 11 with a gap 12 corresponding to the ring gear throat opening 4 surrounds the throat 4 and central region 5. A similar bottom-side cage plate (not shown) is present on the underside of the tong 1.

In FIGS. 1B and 1C the swivelling gate 7 is progressively closed to align the jaw assembly 6 with the throat 4 of the power tong 1, and the jaw assembly 6 is advanced forwardly through such throat 4. The condition of FIG. 1B is repeated from a different perspective in FIG. 2A, where the swivelling gate 7 has been removed to expose the jaw assembly 6 for view. In FIG. 2B the swivelling gate 7 (not shown in this Figure) has been closed behind the jaw assembly 6 which has been advanced along the throat 4 to position the roller element portions 14 of the jaw assembly 6 inwardly of the camming surface 10 on the ring gear. The ring gear 9 has been partially rotated in this view to enclose the jaw assembly 6. The jaw pipe engaging portions of the assembly 6 as shown in FIGS. 4A-6B is dimensioned to pass through the throat 4 in the ring gear 9 and fit between the camming surface 10 and pipe 13.

In FIG. 3 the covering plates 2, frame 3 and upper cage plate 11 are removed for clarity, exposing two pivotally mounted pipe receiving jaws 8 fitted between the two cage plates 11 to serve as a receiving jaw means for pipe 13 to be installed within the tong 1. The pipe receiving jaws 8 are pivotally mounted between the two cage plates 11. These receiving jaws 8 are positioned to receive and self-center pipe that has passed through the throat opening 4 in the ring gear 9 to be positioned centrally within the tong 1.

Contained with the frame 3 is a train of gears (not shown) that transmit power to rotate the ring gear 9. When used as a power tong, conventional actuation systems such as hydraulic motors and the like are used to engage with outer gearing around the circumferential periphery of the ring gear 9, causing it and the drill pipe 13 to rotate. When used as a back up tong, the ring gear 9 is fixed against rotation, once the pipe has been fully engaged.

An upwardly protruding “C”-shape rail (not shown) on the ring gear 9 fits into a groove (not shown) in the underside of the cage plate 11 in the known fashion to permit the cage plate 11 to rotate concentrically with respect to the ring gear 9. A similar rail and groove combination (not shown) is present on the underside of the tong 1. As the cage plates 11 are free to rotate with respect to the ring gear 9, they are constrained by the “C” shaped rail to maintain a center of rotation corresponding to the center region 5 of the ring gear 9 and the center of drill pipe 13 to be contained in the central region 5. The rail and groove may be interchanged between gear 9 and cage plate 11 to achieve the same effect

When employed with a symmetrical, crescent shaped camming surface 10, the ring gear 9 can be rotated in either direction, allowing the jaw 15 to engage with pipe 13 for the purposes of effecting either the make-up or breaking of threaded joints. By reason of the fact that in this embodiment only one jaw 15 carries a cam follower that bears against the camming surface 10, the camming surface 10 extends for a greater extent within the ring gear 10 than is available in some prior art tongs. This permits the depth of the camming surface 10 to increase more gradually, increasing the leverage and force that may be applied to the jaw 15 to in order to ensure that it effects a non-slipping engagement with the pipe 13.

While depicted in respect of a tong with a throat 4, the sliding jaw system and further features of the invention can equally be applied to closed-mouth tongs. Similarly, while depicted as combined with a sliding jaw assembly, the invention may also be employed with one or more pivoting jaw assemblies.

© Copyright 1989, Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Eckel is a registered trademark of Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. Loctite is a registered trademark of Loctite Corporation 13-3/8 Standard Hydraulic Power Tubing Tong is covered by U.S. and Foreign Patents and Pending Patent Applications

Section 5 - Troubleshooting, Repair and Overhaul   .................................. .29 Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................30 Repair ..................................................................................................................31 Tong Overhaul ....................................................................................................31 M4D Motor Overhaul .........................................................................................32 A35 Valve Overhaul ...........................................................................................35

Section 6 - Parts List  ....................................................................................................... .37 Parts List, Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Tong .............................................................. 38 Parts List, Clutch Assembly ................................................................................ 42 Parts List, Pinion Idler Assembly .......................................................................43 Parts List, Pinion Assembly ................................................................................ 44 Parts List, Rotary Idler Assembly ....................................................................... 45 Parts List, M4D Motor Assembly .......................................................................46 Parts List, A35 Valve Assembly .........................................................................48 Parts List, Hydraulic Cam Backup ...................................................................... 59 Parts List, Tong Suspension ................................................................................ 56 Parts List, Door Interlock Assembly ................................................................... 57 Microswitch Assembly .......................................................................................60

INTRODUCTION This manual describes the function, operation and maintenance of the Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Hydraulic Power Casing Tong. This section provides a functional description, system specifications, and a description of options and accessories available. Section 2 through 5 present the operating and maintenance aspects of the tong and Section 6 provides a fully illustrated parts list. The 13-3/8 Standard Tong, Figure 1-1, handles casing sizes as small as 4 inch and as large as 13-3/8 inches diameter. The open-throat design, combined with high-speed operation, assures both ease and speed in tubular handling. A safety door on the open throat helps insure against accidents. The following paragraphs describes the functions of the tong during tubular make-up or break-out operations.

Figure 1-1 Functional Elements of the 13-3/8 Standard Tong 13-3/8 Standard Tong is covered by U.S. and Foreign Patents and Pending Patent Applications

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Operating from a hydraulic power unit, the power tong provides torque of 22,000 ft-lbs. The heart of the unit is a head-closing system which forces the heads together and rotates them by means of a cam-type rotary gear. The rotary gear is driven by a two-speed gear train powered from a vane-type hydraulic motor. In operation, the tong is suspended over the well bore on a chain bridle. Snub lines restrain the tong from moving around the pipe as torque is applied. HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEM. Figure 1-2 is a hydraulic schematic of the drive system. Hydraulic pressure from a separate power unit is applied through screw-type hose connectors having built-in check valves. To prevent cross-connection of the hoses, the pressure hose from the power unit is designed to mate with a 1-inch connector and the return hose mates with a 1-1/4 inch connector. Connection of the hoses opens the check  valves to provide hydraulic pressure to the tong. The tong control levers acts as a throttle valve for the unit. Pushing the lever applies pressure to drive the motor in a forward direction (for make-up operation) and pulling the lever applies pressure in a reverse direction (for break-out operation). While the lever is in a neutral position, fluid circulates freely through the valve and back to the return line. Refer to Section 3 for tong control lever positions.

An adjustable relief valve permits adjustment of the operating pressure at the tong if  desired, and a built-in pressure gauge indicates the operating pressure at all times. The maximum pressure available, of course, depends upon the power unit. A power unit capable of delivering 2,500 PSI and 30 GPM and 1000 PSI at 65 GPM is necessary in order to obtain the maximum rated output of the power tong. A hydraulic motor is mounted on the top tong plate through a motor adaptor, and the

other hydraulic plumbing components are also mounted on the top tong plate. GEAR TRAIN AND CLUTCH FUNCTION. Closure and rotation of the pipe-gripping heads are accomplished by means of a large rotary gear having its inner diameter formed into a double cam surface. This topic explains how mechanical power is transmitted from the hydraulic motor to turn the rotary gear in either direction. Gear Train Elements.  The gear train, Figure 1-3, comprises a motor gear, the clutch assembly, pinion assembly, pinion idler, two rotary idlers and the rotary gear. The rotary gear rides within a circle of dumbbell rollers that support the gear. The selected high- or low-speed clutch gear engages the corresponding high or low-speed pinion gear, and the

pinion output gear drives the two pinion idlers gears whin in turn drives the two rotary idlers. In driving the rotary gear, two rotary idler gears are necessary to bridge throat cut out gap. Clutch.  The clutch assembly (Figure 1-3) provides high- or low-speed operation, allowing faster operation when high torque is not required. When higher torque is needed, the low-speed gear permits the operator to slow the speed down and increase the torque. The operator shifts the speed by raising or lowering a shifter lever on top of the tong. As shown in the illustration, lifting the shift lever lifts the shifting yoke, which lifts the shifting collar. In this position, the shifting collar mechanically couples the clutch shaft with the high-speed clutch gear. Lowering the shifting lever lowers the shifting yoke which lowers the shifting collar, thereby mechanically coupling the clutch shaft with the low-speed clutch gear. Then the selected clutch gear drives the corresponding pinion gear as previously described. An adjustable spring detent on the shifting shaft holds the yoke and shifting lever in the selected position until again moved by the operator. HEAD OPERATIONS. The sliding heads are enclosed within the rotary gear by the top and bottom cage plates. The heads are closed, rotated and opened by the combined actions of the rotary gear, brake bands and backing pin. Rotary Gear/Head Functions.  During make-up operations, the pipe to be turned is first enclosed in the tong, and the throat safety door is closed. Then with the backing pin in the make-up position (described later) the operator pushes the tong control lever forward to cause the heads to bite and rotate the pipe. To release the heads and back off  from the pipe, the operator pulls the tong control lever outward. During break-out operations, the backing pin is placed in the break out position so that the heads bite in the reverse direction (see Backing Pin Function). Then the operator pulls the tong control lever to cause the heads to bite and break out the pipe. Finally, he pushes the lever forward to release the heads and back them off the pipe. As illustrated in Figure 1-4, the head-biting action is a function of the rotary gear inner surface cam design. When the rotary gear begins to rotate, the head rollers roll up on the cam surface and force the sliding heads inward until the heads bite the pipe. Further rotation then turns the pipe to make-up (or break-out) the joint.

BACK CAGE PLATE BOLT CAM FOLLOWER TOP TONG PLATE TOP CAGE PLATE

Brake Bands and Safety Door cage plates have unrestrained freedom to rotate, the heads will simply move with the rotary gear and will not cam up on the rotary cams to force the biting action. Figure 1-6 illustrates how brake bands are placed around the cage top and bottom plates to exert continuous friction on these plates and to restrict their freedom to move. Thus it is evident that the brake bands do not permit the cage plates (and heads) to turn freely when the rotary gear turns. Rather, the cage plates are held stationary as the head rollers roll up onto the cam surfaces to force the heads in against the pipe. As the heads bite the pipe, the friction of the brake bands is overcome. Then the cage plates begin to rotate with the rotary gear, thus turning the pipe that is now gripped firmly by the heads. Backing Pin Function. The backing pin shown in Figure 1-5 permits the heads to bite in the forward direction for make-up and in the reverse direction for break-out. When the pin is placed in the left-hand hole, forward operation causes the heads to bite and rotate to make up the joint. However, reverse operation causes the backing lug to strike the backing pin and force the cage plates around with the rotary gear. Thus, in the reverse direction, the head rollers cannot cam up on the rotary cam and the heads do not bite. If the backing pin is placed in the right-hand hole, the opposite action occurs and reverse operation causes the heads to bite, while forward operation causes the backing lug to strike the backing pin and force the head cage around with the rotary gear, thus inhibiting the heads from biting in the forward direction. In summary then: for make-up, the backing pin is placed in the left-hand hole and the heads bite in forward direction; and for break-out, the backing pin is placed in the right- hand hole and the heads bite in the reverse direction. Open Throat and Safety Door.   The open throat design permits ease of operation by permitting entry of vertical pipe that projects above the level of the tong. For safety purposes it is necessary that the throat opening be closed during operation to prevent personnel injuries or damage to the equipment. A safety door (Figure 1-6) serves both to close off the front during operation and to provide an extra margin of support for the housing during high-torque operation. An optional Door Interlock (Figure 6-9) device adds additional margin of safety, preventing the tong from operating while the tongs door is open.

SPECIFICATIONS The specifications for an operating tong must consider the hydraulic power unit as well as the tong itself. HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT SPECIFICATIONS. The power tong is designed to be powered by a hydraulic power unit capable of delivering at least 2500 pounds per square inch (PSI) for maximum rated operating torque. At least 65 gallons of hydraulic oil per minute, depending upon the power unit used, are required to operate the tong at maximum RPM. TONG SPECIFICATIONS.  Table 1-1 list the specifications for the Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Casing Tong.

OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES Options for the 13-3/8 Standard Tubing Tong include lift cylinder with lift cylinder control, spring hanger, torque gauge, manual backup and door interlock. The optional items are described in the following paragraphs. LIFT CYLINDER AND CONTROLS.  A lift cylinder as illustrated in Figure 2-3 is optionally supplied with the 13-3/8" tong. This cylinder provides a means for raising and lowering the tong during operations. Lift Cylinder.  While the lift cylinder may be connected directly to the tong bridle, it is suggested that the optional spring hanger be inserted between the lift cylinder and theTable 1-1Specifications Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Tong

Torque: Dimensions: High Gear (Range) ...................... 4,400 ft/lbs Length ........................ 61 inches (1549 mm)  (5,966 nm) Overall Width ..................34 Inches (864mm) Low Gear (Maximum) ............... 22,000 ft/lbs Pipe Space Required ... 7.5 inches (191 mm) (29,828 nm) Max. Elevator Diameter ............... (Unlimited- Tong comes off Pipe) Torque Handle Lengths: Pipe C.L. to Anchor C.L. 36 Inches (914 mm) Standard .................................. 36" (914 mm) Weight: RPM: Approximately ......... 1,260 Pounds (571 kg.) High ..................... 85 at 65 GPM (250 L/min) Low ...................... 16 at 65 GPM (250 L/min) Heads Available: For Tubing Size O.D.: .... 4", 4-1/2", 5", 5-1/2" Hydraulic Requirements:*  6-5/8", 7", 7-5/8", 8-5/8" 65 G.P.M. (250 L/min) at 1,000 P.S.I. (68 bar) 9-5/8", 10-3/4",11-3/4",13-3/8" 30 G.P.M. (113 L/min) at 2,500 P.S.I. (172 bar) NOTE: Any size head between 4" and 13-3/8" may Hyd. Oil Operating Temperature: be specified as needed. Normal .................................. 130° F. (54° C) Maximum .............................. 180° F. (82° C) * These are average requirements for a new tong.   There may be some variations from tong to tong.

bridle to permit tong movement during make-up or break-out operations without exerting undue stress on the bridle and dies. Lift Cylinder Controls. When a lift cylinder is ordered with a tong, the tong contains an additional control lever for controlling the lift cylinder movement. The control lever- operated valve is identical to the tong operating control lever. This lever is illustrated in Figure 3-1 and its operation is shown in Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1. Pulling the control lever outward provides hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic power unit to operate the lift cylinder upward, and thus raise the tong. While pushing the control lever forward operates the cylinder downward to lower the tong. The center lever position is the neutral position and does not operate the cylinder in either direction. The maximum travel of the lift cylinder is 6 feet. SPRING HANGER. The optional spring hanger (Figure 2-3) is designed to permit the tong to move up or down to allow for thread length in make-up and break-out operations. When used, the spring hanger should be attached directly to the tong bridle ring and used as a hanger for the tong. TORQUE GAUGE ASSEMBLY. The optional torque gauge assembly (Figure 2-2) is used to measure the torque exerted in make-up or breakout operations. Consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and torque gauge connected together by a pressure hose, the torque gauge assembly senses and indicates the torque developed during an operation. For operation, the hydraulic cylinder is connected by a shackle to the rear of the tong; and a snub line is connected to the cylinder. The snub line is tied off to a solid part of the rig structure to form an angle of 90° in order to indicate accurate torque readings. HYDRAULIC CAM BACKUP AND CONTROLS. A hydraulic backup tool as illustrated in Figure 1-8 is optionally supplied with the 5-1/2 Standard Tong. In opera- tion this tool provides a backup when in break-out or make-up situations. The specifica- tions for the hydraulic backup are supplied in Table 1-2.

These figures are estimated average torque with mechanical and hydraulic losses taken into account. Actual performance will depend upon the condition of the tong.

Dimensions (Tong and Backup): Length ......................... 61 inches (1550 mm) Height ..................... 58.5 inches (1486 mm) Overall Width .............. 43 inches (1092 mm)

Weight: Approximately  (Tong and Backup) .... 2,950 lbs (1,338 kgs)

HYDRAULIC CAM BACKUP.  The hydraulically operated backup tool, in utilizing the same biting principal as the power tong, uses a cam and pivot head arrangement to insure slip-free operation. The stinger part of the backup, extending from the rear of the unit is inserted into the torque bracket mounted on the underside of the tong. This method of hook up prevents movement of the tong about the pipe during torquing operation. Between the stinger and bracket is located the torque gauge compression load cell. During make-up or break-out operations, the tong unit rotates slightly causing the stinger to compress the load cell, torque readings are available in make-up or break-out, depending on position of load cell in bracket. The load cell should be on the operator side of the backup stinger for make-up and for break-out the load cell would be inserted on the opposite side of the backup stinger to register the torque. The compression force is translated to torque which is indicated on the torque gauge connected to the load cell. The hydraulic cam type backup requires a 36-inch torque gauge handle which offers direct reading of torque between the backup and the tong. The hydraulic backup is suspended at an adjustable level below the power tong by means of three hanger legs and springs. This set up allows the backup to remain stationary while the power tong moves vertically to compensate for thread travel of the connection. Hydraulic Backup Controls.  When a hydraulic backup is ordered with a tong, the tong contains an additional control lever for controlling the backup and a directional valve for controlling the rotation of the backup. These levers are illustrated in Figure 3-1 and its operation is shown in Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1. Pushing the control lever inward provides hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic power unit to rotate the backup cage plates clockwise for make-up or counter-clockwise for break-out and engages the heads on the pipe. Pulling the control lever disengages the backup heads from the pipe. The

Non Upset & External Upset Integral Joint Connections Tong and Cam-Type Backup Cam-Type Tong and Cam-Type Backup Biting Locations Backup Dies Biting Locations

Figure 1-9 Make-up and Break-out Biting Locations backup cage plates are always rotated in the direction that the tong will turn and by using the directional control lever the operator controls which direction the backup rotates. Adjusting Backup Spacing.  The vertical spacing between the backup and tong is adjustable in steps using different sets of holes in the hanger legs for the bolts which hold the backup hanger springs in position. There are four sets of holes located at various distances below the tong. The distance of these holes from the midpoint of the tong dies to midpoint of backup dies is described in Table 1-4. Close spacing between the backup and tong is desirable from the standpoint of insuring the closest possible length of contact between the dies and pipe. This is particular important with drill pipe where short upsets may be encountered. Also, close spacing is beneficial in reducing twisting forces in the tong and backup structures. On the other hand, the design provides spacing when it is necessary to straddle extra long couplings or upsets as is required in make-up operations. Figure 1-9 illustrates the proper biting locations for make-up and break-out. DOOR INTERLOCK. The door interlock device is an optional added safety feature that Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. offers with its tongs. The door interlock device impedes hydraulic •uid from reaching the motor when the tongs door is open thus preventing tong operation. RPM CONTROL. The RPM Control is a •ow divider that decreases the amount of  hydraulic •uid that reaches the tong, the remaining •uid is returned to the reservoir. By decreasing the amount of •uid reaching the tong the operator is able to control the maximum RPM"s the tong will deliver.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Installation of the power tong requires consideration of the tong itself, the hydraulic power unit to be used, and the accessories that will be required. TONG CONSIDERATIONS.  The 13-3/8 Standard Tubing Tong is capable of handling pipe sizes from 4 inch to 13-3/8 inch in outside diameter. The heads to be used with the tongs, of course, depend upon the size pipe being used. Refer to Table 1-1, Specifica- tions for the various heads provided with the tong. Head Installation. Install the correct size heads according to the following procedure.

! WARNING: Do not attempt to change heads with power unit in operation. Failure to Warning observe proper precautions could be extremely hazardous and result in loss of a hand or  arm. 1. Remove two head pivot bolts, Figure 1-6. 2. Swing in and lift out the heads. 3. Select proper heads for pipe to be worked and install in head cage in reverse order of steps 1 and 2.

Tong Space Requirements.  You should consider the space requirements of the tong, both in storage and in operation. Figure 2-1 give the tong dimensions. POWER CONSIDERATIONS.   Before installing the tong for field operations, you must be sure that an appropriate power unit is available and that the power unit is adjusted for use with the tong. To operate the tong within its full capability, the relief  valve on the hydraulic power unit should be adjusted to 3000 pounds per square inch. Refer to power unit manual for the procedure on power unit valve adjustments. Accessory Considerations.  Tong installation requires that the necessary accessories be available for the type of operation to be performed.

A. TONG LENGTH & HEIGHT B. TONG WIDTH & THROAT WIDTH 61 in. 1550 mm

Figure 2-2 Torque Gauge Installation Figure 2-3 Installation of Torque Gauge Assembly.   Measurement of the applied torque Tong Installation requires a torque gauge assembly installed on the equipment. Once installed, the torque gauge assembly becomes an integral part of the unit. To install the torque gauge on the tong, proceed as follows: 1. Using three mounting screws, mount torque gauge into position on torque gauge plate, Figure 2-2. 2. Route hose to avoid interference with tong operation. 3. Secure one side of hydraulic cylinder to snub line eye on rear of tong. WARNING: The tong should be secured for both make-up or break-out operation, by ! Warning utilizing the snub line. If this is not done, the tong may be thrown against operator  causing physical harm. 4. Attach the other end of the snub line to a part of the rig structure that is rigid enough to withstand the line-pull. Please note that an angle of 90° must be maintained between the tong and snub line for the gauge to indicate accurate torque readings. Lift Cylinder Considerations.  If the tong suspension line is not counter balanced, a lift cylinder should be used. Also, if an Eckel lift cylinder is to be used, the tong must be equipped with an additional control valve and lever. The lift cylinder should be sus- pended from the line that will hang the tong as shown in Figure 2-3. Spring Hanger Consideration.  A typical spring hanger installation is shown in Figure 2-3. For a counter-balanced support line, the spring hanger is suspended from the line. When a lift cylinder is used, the spring hanger may be installed above or below the lift cylinder as described. HYDRAULIC BACKUP CONSIDERATIONS. The hydraulic backup is capable of  handling pipe sizes from 4 inch to 14-3/8 inch in outside diameter. Any significant difference between actual pipe diamter and design diamter may result in failure of the heads to take an initial bite, slipping under torque, and other problems. HANGING THE TONG.  The tong is transported to the well site and hung into position as illustrated in Figure 2-3 and as follows: CAUTION: Do not hook lift-line on turnbuckels. Be sure bridle chains are clear of valves Caution and controls. 1. Connect bridle to tong and verify tong is snubbed for both make-up and break- out operations. 13

2. Using the cat line on drilling rig, or a specially rigged line, lift tong to desired height in the work area and secure. Be sure the lift cylinder or counter-balance system is properly in place and functioning. 3. Adjust the turnbuckles as necessary to level the tong to ensure an even bite on the casing. This is done by first placing tong on pipe, and taking all slack out of  the snub line. 4. Connect snub line to hydraulic cylinder of torque gauge assembly to restrain tong roation and to provide torque readings for make-up or break-out opera- tions. 5. Secure other end of snub line to a solid part of rig at a 90-degree angle from the tongs center line.

CONNECTING HYDRAULIC HOSES The hydraulic couplings, Figure 2-3, contain check valves to prevent loss of hydraulic fluid when the lines are disconnected. The check valves are closed until the hydraulic hoses are connected. Proper tightening of the hydraulic hose connectors opens these check valves. However, pressure may be in the tong when the lines are disconnected so that the valves resist opening. In such case, the connectors may seem to reach the end of  thread travel when, in reality, the check valve operation is restricting further tightening. When making up these connections you should be sure that you have tightened the couplings tight and have not simply reached a "false" tightening due to the resistance of  the check valves. Connect the hoses as follows: 1. Disable power unit, never connect or disconnect hoses when unit is in opera- tion. CAUTION: To be sure connectors are completely tight, first tighten them until travel is restricted and the end of the thread travel appears to be reached. Then try to tighten the Caution connector further to be sure first restriction was not a false tightness. Then continue to tighten the fitting until connection is tight. 2. Hook up pressure hose to one-inch fitting on tong by forcing connectors together while turning the wing nut. 3. Hook up return hose from power unit to 1-1/4 inch connector on tong, as described in step 2. 4. If a lift cylinder is used, hook up the hose from lift cylinder to connector provided on tong. 5. Start power unit and allow hydraulic fluid to circulate through tong until fluid reaches operating temperature. Refer to Table 1-1 for operating temperatures.  NOTE: This period will vary according to the ambient temperature. In severe weather  Important conditions, you may need to operate system for several minutes before using tong. On the

CONNECT HYDRAULIC PRESSURE LINE FROM POWER UNIT

CONNECT HYDRAULIC RETURN LINE FROM POWER UNIT

(A)(B)(C) (D) (E) A. Tong control lever. B. Cam type backup control lever. C. Lift cylinder control lever. D. Backup direction control lever. E. Speed shift lever.

Figure 3-1 Tong Control Lever Locations PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE.  The following precautions should be observed to ensure safe operation. 1. Be sure that the operating personnel are checked out on proper operation of  tong, and be sure that they are aware of safety requirements. 2. Be sure that all lines and equipment associated with hanging and securing tong are of adequate size and good condition.

PRE-OPERATING CHECKS After installation, you should check out the system to be sure that any necessary adjust- ments are made and that the system is functioning correctly. Before attempting opera- tion, verify that the following initial adjustments have been made. POWER UNIT OUTPUT PRESSURE. Determine that the power unit output pressure has been properly adjusted. If you do not know, refer to the instruction manual on the power unit and perform the output pressure adjustment procedure for the required pressure. TONG PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE.  If a relief pressure is to be set on the tong, verify that the setting has been made previously; or if you do not know, refer to the maintenance section for the proper procedures. BRAKE BANDS.  Determine if the brake bands have been adjusted properly. If  necessary perform the pre-operational check to make this determination. Refer to the Maintenance Section for adjustment of the brake bands.

Backing Pin In Make-up Hole Allows tong to bite when operated clockwise for makeup. In Break-out Hole Allows tong to bite when operated counter-clockwise for breakout. Shifting Lever Up Position Shifts tong gear train into high-speed position. Center Position Neutral position-motor and clutch shaft turn but rotary gear does not rotate. Down Position Shift tong gear train to low speed. Control Levers Forward Position Operates rotary gear and cage plates clockwise. For make-up, heads bites and for break-out head releases. Back Position Operates rotary gear and cage plates counter-clockwise. For break-out head, head bites and for make-up head releases. Manual Relief Valve Permits operator to set hydraulic pressure to desired setting.

Pressure Gauge Measures pressure applied to hydraulic motor. Lift Control Lever (not shown) Forward Position Operates lift cylinder to lower tong. Back Position Operates lift cylinder to raise tong.

OBSERVING THE OPERATING FUNCTIONS.  Before starting a new job and each day before the work begins, perform the following operations and be sure the tong responds correctly. WARNING: Before operating tong, verify the handle locations below apply to your  ! Warning specific tong. Inadequate pre-operational check of tong could result in injury. The tong should be secured for both make-up or break-out operation, by utilizing the snub line. If this is not done, the tong may be thrown against operator causing physical harm. The following steps refer to handle locations identified in Figure 3-1 and 3-2. 1. Verify tong is snubbed for both make-up and break-out operations. 2. Place backing pin in left-hand hole. 3. Move shifting lever to high-speed (up) and push tong control lever forward and verify that heads bite and cage plates turn at high speed. 4. Return control lever to neutral and move the shifting lever to the low speed position (down). 5. Push tong control lever forward and verify that heads bite and cage plates turn at low speed. 6. Return control lever to neutral. 7. Use tong control lever to operate tong so that cage plates and rotary gear openings are aligned with the throat openings. 8. Place backing pin in right-hand (break-out position) hole. Repeat steps 2 through 6 to check break-out operation.  NOTE:  If the heads fail to bite, the brake bands probably need adjustment. Adjust the Important bands as described in the topic on Initial Adjustments in the Maintenance Section. 9. If lift cylinder option is installed, pull lift cylinder control lever (B) Figure 3-1, back and verify that cylinder operates to lift tong. 10. Push lift cylinder control lever (B) Figure 3-1, forward and verify the cylinder lowers the tong. 11. If a hydraulic backup is installed, push the directional control lever (D) forward and operate backup control lever (B) forward and verify backup heads bite in make-up position. 12. Pull lever (B) to release heads. Return to netural. 13. If a hydraulic backup is installed, pull the directional control lever (D) back and operate backup control lever (B) forward and verify backup heads bite in break- out position. 14. Pull lever (B) to release heads, Return to neutral.

TYPICAL OPERATING SEQUENCE INITIAL OPERATIONS.  After the tong is transported to job site, hoisted into operating position, snubbed, leveled, and connected with power unit as described in Installation Section, proceed as follows. 1. Be sure shifting lever and control lever(s) are in neutral position. 2. Start hydraulic power unit. 3. Perform a pre-operational check and make any required adjustments before operation.

4. Place backing pin in make-up hole for make-up operation or in break-out hole for break-out operation (See Figure 3-2.) POSITIONING TONG AND ENCLOSING TUBING.  After performing the initial operations, position the tong for the make-up or break-out work to be done. 1. Position the tong at proper height for griping tubing as follows: a. If tong is installed using a counter balance system, lift or lower tong to desired position. b. If a lift cylinder is used, operate the lift cylinder control lever (B) on the tong to position tong. 2. Place tong on tubing section positioned for make-up or break-out. 3. Close throat safety door, then perform operation as described in next topic. 4. After operation, open front safety door, remove tong from tubing, and push tong off tubing, then close door. OPERATING THE TONG. To operate the tong, proceed as follows: WARNING:  Be sure no part of the body or clothing is in tong head area and be sure no ! Warning cables or equipment other than tubing are enclosed in throat.

Make-up Operation: Refer to Figure 3-1 and 3-2 for control lever locations. 1. Verify tong is snubbed for both make-up and break-out operations 2. Place backing pin in make-up (left hole) position (Figure 1-5). 3. Shift the hydraulic cam backup tool (if used) into the make-up mode by pushing the backup directional control lever (D) forward.