eckel power tong 9 5 8 free sample

A maximum torque up to 25,000 ft-lb and a small foot print design this tong meets your application requirements. A two speed mechanical shift transmission in conjunction with the two speed Hydra-Shift® motor provides the operator a flexible choice of torque and rpm"s to work with during make-up or breakout. The 9⅝ Hydra-Shift® HD is capable of handling a range of pipe from 2⅜ inches to 9⅝ inches.

The Tri-Grip® Backup is theindustry standard for reliable make-up and break-out of tubular connections that are optionally supplied with Eckel tongs. Utilizing two hydraulic cylinders and a three head arrangement ensures a slip-free operation. The backup is suspended at an adjustable level below the power tong employing three hanger legs and allowing the backup to remain stationary while the power tong moves vertically to compensate for thread travel of the connection. The Tri-Grip® uses two pivoting heads and one stationary. The Eckel Tri-Grip® Backup has exceptional gripping capabilities with Rig Dies when running drill pipe or optional Eckel Wrap-Around True-Grit® dies or Pyramid Fine Tooth dies for making up other types of tubular.

When applications demand a wide range of sizes, the 7⅝ Standard tong handles tublar sizes 2-1/16 inches to 7⅝. Its rugged design upon knowledge gained from the 5½ model and combining an extremely compact, high torque concept with added versatility. Options include either manual backup or Tri-Grip® backup. Available torque: 15,000 ft-lb

The Tri-Grip® Backup is industry standard for reliable make-up and break-out of tubular connections that are optionally supplied with Eckel tongs. Utilizing two hydraulic cylinders and a three head arrangement ensures a slip-free operation. The backup is suspended at an adjustable level below the power tong employing three hanger legs and allows the backup to remain stationary while the power tong moves vertically to compensate for the connection"s thread travel. The Tri-Grip® uses two pivoting heads and one stationary. The Eckel Tri-Grip® Backup has exceptional gripping capabilities with Rig Dies when running drill pipe or optional Eckel Wrap-Around True-Grit® dies or Pyramid Fine Tooth dies for making up other types of tubular.

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© Copyright 1989, Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Eckel is a registered trademark of Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. Loctite is a registered trademark of Loctite Corporation 13-3/8 Standard Hydraulic Power Tubing Tong is covered by U.S. and Foreign Patents and Pending Patent Applications

Main Offices and Plant: International Sales Office: 8035 West County Road 480 N. Beltway 8 East, Suite 200 Box 1375, Odessa, Texas 79760 Houston, Texas 77060 Phone (432) 362-4336 Phone (713) 999-6680 Telex 74-5434 (ODS) Telex 77-4644 (HOU) FAX 432-362-1827 FAX 713-999-8707

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General Operation ...............................................................................................18 Operating Controls and Gauges .......................................................................... 18 Pre-Operating Checks .........................................................................................18 Typical Operating Sequence ...............................................................................20

Section 4 - Servicing  ........................................................................................................ .23 Daily Inspection ..................................................................................................24 Maintenance After Each Job ...............................................................................24 Lubrication ..........................................................................................................25 Tests and Adjustments ........................................................................................26

Section 5 - Troubleshooting, Repair and Overhaul   .................................. .29 Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................30 Repair ..................................................................................................................31 Tong Overhaul ....................................................................................................31 M4D Motor Overhaul .........................................................................................32 A35 Valve Overhaul ...........................................................................................35

Section 6 - Parts List  ....................................................................................................... .37 Parts List, Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Tong .............................................................. 38 Parts List, Clutch Assembly ................................................................................ 42 Parts List, Pinion Idler Assembly .......................................................................43 Parts List, Pinion Assembly ................................................................................ 44 Parts List, Rotary Idler Assembly ....................................................................... 45 Parts List, M4D Motor Assembly .......................................................................46 Parts List, A35 Valve Assembly .........................................................................48 Parts List, Hydraulic Cam Backup ...................................................................... 59 Parts List, Tong Suspension ................................................................................ 56 Parts List, Door Interlock Assembly ................................................................... 57 Microswitch Assembly .......................................................................................60

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INTRODUCTION This manual describes the function, operation and maintenance of the Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Hydraulic Power Casing Tong. This section provides a functional description, system specifications, and a description of options and accessories available. Section 2 through 5 present the operating and maintenance aspects of the tong and Section 6 provides a fully illustrated parts list. The 13-3/8 Standard Tong, Figure 1-1, handles casing sizes as small as 4 inch and as large as 13-3/8 inches diameter. The open-throat design, combined with high-speed operation, assures both ease and speed in tubular handling. A safety door on the open throat helps insure against accidents. The following paragraphs describes the functions of the tong during tubular make-up or break-out operations.

8 3  3   L1 K  GEAR TRAIN,   CLUTCH DETAILS (INSIDE HOUSING)

Figure 1-1 Functional Elements of the 13-3/8 Standard Tong 13-3/8 Standard Tong is covered by U.S. and Foreign Patents and Pending Patent Applications

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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Operating from a hydraulic power unit, the power tong provides torque of 22,000 ft-lbs. The heart of the unit is a head-closing system which forces the heads together and rotates them by means of a cam-type rotary gear. The rotary gear is driven by a two-speed gear train powered from a vane-type hydraulic motor. In operation, the tong is suspended over the well bore on a chain bridle. Snub lines restrain the tong from moving around the pipe as torque is applied. HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEM. Figure 1-2 is a hydraulic schematic of the drive system. Hydraulic pressure from a separate power unit is applied through screw-type hose connectors having built-in check valves. To prevent cross-connection of the hoses, the pressure hose from the power unit is designed to mate with a 1-inch connector and the return hose mates with a 1-1/4 inch connector. Connection of the hoses opens the check  valves to provide hydraulic pressure to the tong. The tong control levers acts as a throttle valve for the unit. Pushing the lever applies pressure to drive the motor in a forward direction (for make-up operation) and pulling the lever applies pressure in a reverse direction (for break-out operation). While the lever is in a neutral position, fluid circulates freely through the valve and back to the return line. Refer to Section 3 for tong control lever positions.

An adjustable relief valve permits adjustment of the operating pressure at the tong if  desired, and a built-in pressure gauge indicates the operating pressure at all times. The maximum pressure available, of course, depends upon the power unit. A power unit capable of delivering 2,500 PSI and 30 GPM and 1000 PSI at 65 GPM is necessary in order to obtain the maximum rated output of the power tong. A hydraulic motor is mounted on the top tong plate through a motor adaptor, and the

other hydraulic plumbing components are also mounted on the top tong plate. GEAR TRAIN AND CLUTCH FUNCTION. Closure and rotation of the pipe-gripping heads are accomplished by means of a large rotary gear having its inner diameter formed into a double cam surface. This topic explains how mechanical power is transmitted from the hydraulic motor to turn the rotary gear in either direction. Gear Train Elements.  The gear train, Figure 1-3, comprises a motor gear, the clutch assembly, pinion assembly, pinion idler, two rotary idlers and the rotary gear. The rotary gear rides within a circle of dumbbell rollers that support the gear. The selected high- or low-speed clutch gear engages the corresponding high or low-speed pinion gear, and the

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pinion output gear drives the two pinion idlers gears whin in turn drives the two rotary idlers. In driving the rotary gear, two rotary idler gears are necessary to bridge throat cut out gap. Clutch.  The clutch assembly (Figure 1-3) provides high- or low-speed operation, allowing faster operation when high torque is not required. When higher torque is needed, the low-speed gear permits the operator to slow the speed down and increase the torque. The operator shifts the speed by raising or lowering a shifter lever on top of the tong. As shown in the illustration, lifting the shift lever lifts the shifting yoke, which lifts the shifting collar. In this position, the shifting collar mechanically couples the clutch shaft with the high-speed clutch gear. Lowering the shifting lever lowers the shifting yoke which lowers the shifting collar, thereby mechanically coupling the clutch shaft with the low-speed clutch gear. Then the selected clutch gear drives the corresponding pinion gear as previously described. An adjustable spring detent on the shifting shaft holds the yoke and shifting lever in the selected position until again moved by the operator. HEAD OPERATIONS. The sliding heads are enclosed within the rotary gear by the top and bottom cage plates. The heads are closed, rotated and opened by the combined actions of the rotary gear, brake bands and backing pin. Rotary Gear/Head Functions.  During make-up operations, the pipe to be turned is first enclosed in the tong, and the throat safety door is closed. Then with the backing pin in the make-up position (described later) the operator pushes the tong control lever forward to cause the heads to bite and rotate the pipe. To release the heads and back off  from the pipe, the operator pulls the tong control lever outward. During break-out operations, the backing pin is placed in the break out position so that the heads bite in the reverse direction (see Backing Pin Function). Then the operator pulls the tong control lever to cause the heads to bite and break out the pipe. Finally, he pushes the lever forward to release the heads and back them off the pipe. As illustrated in Figure 1-4, the head-biting action is a function of the rotary gear inner surface cam design. When the rotary gear begins to rotate, the head rollers roll up on the cam surface and force the sliding heads inward until the heads bite the pipe. Further rotation then turns the pipe to make-up (or break-out) the joint.

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Rotary Gear and Head Cage Rotation. Figure 1-5 illustrates the cam follower rollers that permit the semi-independent rotation of the cage plates and rotary gear. The figure illustrates how the top cage plate is free to rotate on a ring of cam follower rollers following a groove in the rotary gear. The rotary gear is turned independently within a circle of dumbbell rollers.. The bottom cage plate rotates on a ring of cam follower rollers identically with the top cage plate. This plate is bolted to the top cage plate to enclose the heads. The heads are forced in to bite the pipe as brought about by the cam action of the rotary gear on the head rollers. Brake Band Function.  Consider again the actions of the rotary gear cam and heads in view of the freedom that the cage plates have to rotate. It becomes evident that, if the

BACK CAGE PLATE BOLT CAM FOLLOWER TOP TONG PLATE TOP CAGE PLATE

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Brake Bands and Safety Door cage plates have unrestrained freedom to rotate, the heads will simply move with the rotary gear and will not cam up on the rotary cams to force the biting action. Figure 1-6 illustrates how brake bands are placed around the cage top and bottom plates to exert continuous friction on these plates and to restrict their freedom to move. Thus it is evident that the brake bands do not permit the cage plates (and heads) to turn freely when the rotary gear turns. Rather, the cage plates are held stationary as the head rollers roll up onto the cam surfaces to force the heads in against the pipe. As the heads bite the pipe, the friction of the brake bands is overcome. Then the cage plates begin to rotate with the rotary gear, thus turning the pipe that is now gripped firmly by the heads. Backing Pin Function. The backing pin shown in Figure 1-5 permits the heads to bite in the forward direction for make-up and in the reverse direction for break-out. When the pin is placed in the left-hand hole, forward operation causes the heads to bite and rotate to make up the joint. However, reverse operation causes the backing lug to strike the backing pin and force the cage plates around with the rotary gear. Thus, in the reverse direction, the head rollers cannot cam up on the rotary cam and the heads do not bite. If the backing pin is placed in the right-hand hole, the opposite action occurs and reverse operation causes the heads to bite, while forward operation causes the backing lug to strike the backing pin and force the head cage around with the rotary gear, thus inhibiting the heads from biting in the forward direction. In summary then: for make-up, the backing pin is placed in the left-hand hole and the heads bite in forward direction; and for break-out, the backing pin is placed in the right- hand hole and the heads bite in the reverse direction. Open Throat and Safety Door.   The open throat design permits ease of operation by permitting entry of vertical pipe that projects above the level of the tong. For safety purposes it is necessary that the throat opening be closed during operation to prevent personnel injuries or damage to the equipment. A safety door (Figure 1-6) serves both to close off the front during operation and to provide an extra margin of support for the housing during high-torque operation. An optional Door Interlock (Figure 6-9) device adds additional margin of safety, preventing the tong from operating while the tongs door is open.

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SPECIFICATIONS The specifications for an operating tong must consider the hydraulic power unit as well as the tong itself. HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT SPECIFICATIONS. The power tong is designed to be powered by a hydraulic power unit capable of delivering at least 2500 pounds per square inch (PSI) for maximum rated operating torque. At least 65 gallons of hydraulic oil per minute, depending upon the power unit used, are required to operate the tong at maximum RPM. TONG SPECIFICATIONS.  Table 1-1 list the specifications for the Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Casing Tong.

OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES Options for the 13-3/8 Standard Tubing Tong include lift cylinder with lift cylinder control, spring hanger, torque gauge, manual backup and door interlock. The optional items are described in the following paragraphs. LIFT CYLINDER AND CONTROLS.  A lift cylinder as illustrated in Figure 2-3 is optionally supplied with the 13-3/8" tong. This cylinder provides a means for raising and lowering the tong during operations. Lift Cylinder.  While the lift cylinder may be connected directly to the tong bridle, it is suggested that the optional spring hanger be inserted between the lift cylinder and theTable 1-1Specifications Eckel 13-3/8 Standard Tong

Torque: Dimensions: High Gear (Range) ...................... 4,400 ft/lbs Length ........................ 61 inches (1549 mm)  (5,966 nm) Overall Width ..................34 Inches (864mm) Low Gear (Maximum) ............... 22,000 ft/lbs Pipe Space Required ... 7.5 inches (191 mm) (29,828 nm) Max. Elevator Diameter ............... (Unlimited- Tong comes off Pipe) Torque Handle Lengths: Pipe C.L. to Anchor C.L. 36 Inches (914 mm) Standard .................................. 36" (914 mm) Weight: RPM: Approximately ......... 1,260 Pounds (571 kg.) High ..................... 85 at 65 GPM (250 L/min) Low ...................... 16 at 65 GPM (250 L/min) Heads Available: For Tubing Size O.D.: .... 4", 4-1/2", 5", 5-1/2" Hydraulic Requirements:*  6-5/8", 7", 7-5/8", 8-5/8" 65 G.P.M. (250 L/min) at 1,000 P.S.I. (68 bar) 9-5/8", 10-3/4",11-3/4",13-3/8" 30 G.P.M. (113 L/min) at 2,500 P.S.I. (172 bar) NOTE: Any size head between 4" and 13-3/8" may Hyd. Oil Operating Temperature: be specified as needed. Normal .................................. 130° F. (54° C) Maximum .............................. 180° F. (82° C) * These are average requirements for a new tong.   There may be some variations from tong to tong.

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bridle to permit tong movement during make-up or break-out operations without exerting undue stress on the bridle and dies. Lift Cylinder Controls. When a lift cylinder is ordered with a tong, the tong contains an additional control lever for controlling the lift cylinder movement. The control lever- operated valve is identical to the tong operating control lever. This lever is illustrated in Figure 3-1 and its operation is shown in Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1. Pulling the control lever outward provides hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic power unit to operate the lift cylinder upward, and thus raise the tong. While pushing the control lever forward operates the cylinder downward to lower the tong. The center lever position is the neutral position and does not operate the cylinder in either direction. The maximum travel of the lift cylinder is 6 feet. SPRING HANGER. The optional spring hanger (Figure 2-3) is designed to permit the tong to move up or down to allow for thread length in make-up and break-out operations. When used, the spring hanger should be attached directly to the tong bridle ring and used as a hanger for the tong. TORQUE GAUGE ASSEMBLY. The optional torque gauge assembly (Figure 2-2) is used to measure the torque exerted in make-up or breakout operations. Consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and torque gauge connected together by a pressure hose, the torque gauge assembly senses and indicates the torque developed during an operation. For operation, the hydraulic cylinder is connected by a shackle to the rear of the tong; and a snub line is connected to the cylinder. The snub line is tied off to a solid part of the rig structure to form an angle of 90° in order to indicate accurate torque readings. HYDRAULIC CAM BACKUP AND CONTROLS. A hydraulic backup tool as illustrated in Figure 1-8 is optionally supplied with the 5-1/2 Standard Tong. In opera- tion this tool provides a backup when in break-out or make-up situations. The specifica- tions for the hydraulic backup are supplied in Table 1-2.

100 7 176 238 880 1193 200 14 352 477 1760 2386 300 21 528 715 2640 3579 400 28 704 954 3520 4772 500 34 880 1193 4400 5965 750 52 1320 1789 6600 8948 1000 69 1760 2386 8800 11931

1250 86 2200 2982 11000 14913 1500 103 2640 3579 13200 17896 1750 121 3080 4175 15400 20879 2000 138 3520 4772 17600 23862 2250 155 3960 5369 19800 26845 2500 172 4400 5965 22000 29827

These figures are estimated average torque with mechanical and hydraulic losses taken into account. Actual performance will depend upon the condition of the tong.

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Capacity ........... 4" - 14-3/8" (101.6 - 365.1 mm) Max. Holding Torque 22,000 ft-lbs (29,827 Nm) Max. Pressure ................ 3,000 P.S.I. (207 Bar) Handle Length .......................36 inch (914 mm)

Dimensions (Tong and Backup): Length ......................... 61 inches (1550 mm) Height ..................... 58.5 inches (1486 mm) Overall Width .............. 43 inches (1092 mm)

Weight: Approximately  (Tong and Backup) .... 2,950 lbs (1,338 kgs)

Heads Available: For Tubing Size O.D. ........ 4", 4-1/4", 5-1/4", 5-1/2", 5-3/4", 6-1/2", 6-5/8", 7-3/8", 8-5/8", 9-5/8", 10-3/4", 11-3/4",13-3/8",14-3/8

HYDRAULIC CAM BACKUP.  The hydraulically operated backup tool, in utilizing the same biting principal as the power tong, uses a cam and pivot head arrangement to insure slip-free operation. The stinger part of the backup, extending from the rear of the unit is inserted into the torque bracket mounted on the underside of the tong. This method of hook up prevents movement of the tong about the pipe during torquing operation. Between the stinger and bracket is located the torque gauge compression load cell. During make-up or break-out operations, the tong unit rotates slightly causing the stinger to compress the load cell, torque readings are available in make-up or break-out, depending on position of load cell in bracket. The load cell should be on the operator side of the backup stinger for make-up and for break-out the load cell would be inserted on the opposite side of the backup stinger to register the torque. The compression force is translated to torque which is indicated on the torque gauge connected to the load cell. The hydraulic cam type backup requires a 36-inch torque gauge handle which offers direct reading of torque between the backup and the tong. The hydraulic backup is suspended at an adjustable level below the power tong by means of three hanger legs and springs. This set up allows the backup to remain stationary while the power tong moves vertically to compensate for thread travel of the connection. Hydraulic Backup Controls.  When a hydraulic backup is ordered with a tong, the tong contains an additional control lever for controlling the backup and a directional valve for controlling the rotation of the backup. These levers are illustrated in Figure 3-1 and its operation is shown in Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1. Pushing the control lever inward provides hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic power unit to rotate the backup cage plates clockwise for make-up or counter-clockwise for break-out and engages the heads on the pipe. Pulling the control lever disengages the backup heads from the pipe. The

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Non Upset & External Upset Integral Joint Connections Tong and Cam-Type Backup Cam-Type Tong and Cam-Type Backup Biting Locations Backup Dies Biting Locations

Figure 1-9 Make-up and Break-out Biting Locations backup cage plates are always rotated in the direction that the tong will turn and by using the directional control lever the operator controls which direction the backup rotates. Adjusting Backup Spacing.  The vertical spacing between the backup and tong is adjustable in steps using different sets of holes in the hanger legs for the bolts which hold the backup hanger springs in position. There are four sets of holes located at various distances below the tong. The distance of these holes from the midpoint of the tong dies to midpoint of backup dies is described in Table 1-4. Close spacing between the backup and tong is desirable from the standpoint of insuring the closest possible length of contact between the dies and pipe. This is particular important with drill pipe where short upsets may be encountered. Also, close spacing is beneficial in reducing twisting forces in the tong and backup structures. On the other hand, the design provides spacing when it is necessary to straddle extra long couplings or upsets as is required in make-up operations. Figure 1-9 illustrates the proper biting locations for make-up and break-out. DOOR INTERLOCK. The door interlock device is an optional added safety feature that Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. offers with its tongs. The door interlock device impedes hydraulic •uid from reaching the motor when the tongs door is open thus preventing tong operation. RPM CONTROL. The RPM Control is a •ow divider that decreases the amount of  hydraulic •uid that reaches the tong, the remaining •uid is returned to the reservoir. By decreasing the amount of •uid reaching the tong the operator is able to control the maximum RPM"s the tong will deliver.

Hole Set Distance Top (First) 9.75" Second 14.75" Third 19.75" Fourth 24.75"

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Installation of the power tong requires consideration of the tong itself, the hydraulic power unit to be used, and the accessories that will be required. TONG CONSIDERATIONS.  The 13-3/8 Standard Tubing Tong is capable of handling pipe sizes from 4 inch to 13-3/8 inch in outside diameter. The heads to be used with the tongs, of course, depend upon the size pipe being used. Refer to Table 1-1, Specifica- tions for the various heads provided with the tong. Head Installation. Install the correct size heads according to the following procedure.

! WARNING: Do not attempt to change heads with power unit in operation. Failure to Warning observe proper precautions could be extremely hazardous and result in loss of a hand or  arm. 1. Remove two head pivot bolts, Figure 1-6. 2. Swing in and lift out the heads. 3. Select proper heads for pipe to be worked and install in head cage in reverse order of steps 1 and 2.

Tong Space Requirements.  You should consider the space requirements of the tong, both in storage and in operation. Figure 2-1 give the tong dimensions. POWER CONSIDERATIONS.   Before installing the tong for field operations, you must be sure that an appropriate power unit is available and that the power unit is adjusted for use with the tong. To operate the tong within its full capability, the relief  valve on the hydraulic power unit should be adjusted to 3000 pounds per square inch. Refer to power unit manual for the procedure on power unit valve adjustments. Accessory Considerations.  Tong installation requires that the necessary accessories be available for the type of operation to be performed.

22.5 IN 571.5 MM 34 IN 13.625 IN 863.6 MM 346 MM

A. TONG LENGTH & HEIGHT B. TONG WIDTH & THROAT WIDTH 61 in. 1550 mm

43 in. 58.5 in. 1092 mm 1486 mm

36 in. 914 mm Torq ue Hand le

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Figure 2-2 Torque Gauge Installation Figure 2-3 Installation of Torque Gauge Assembly.   Measurement of the applied torque Tong Installation requires a torque gauge assembly installed on the equipment. Once installed, the torque gauge assembly becomes an integral part of the unit. To install the torque gauge on the tong, proceed as follows: 1. Using three mounting screws, mount torque gauge into position on torque gauge plate, Figure 2-2. 2. Route hose to avoid interference with tong operation. 3. Secure one side of hydraulic cylinder to snub line eye on rear of tong. WARNING: The tong should be secured for both make-up or break-out operation, by ! Warning utilizing the snub line. If this is not done, the tong may be thrown against operator  causing physical harm. 4. Attach the other end of the snub line to a part of the rig structure that is rigid enough to withstand the line-pull. Please note that an angle of 90° must be maintained between the tong and snub line for the gauge to indicate accurate torque readings. Lift Cylinder Considerations.  If the tong suspension line is not counter balanced, a lift cylinder should be used. Also, if an Eckel lift cylinder is to be used, the tong must be equipped with an additional control valve and lever. The lift cylinder should be sus- pended from the line that will hang the tong as shown in Figure 2-3. Spring Hanger Consideration.  A typical spring hanger installation is shown in Figure 2-3. For a counter-balanced support line, the spring hanger is suspended from the line. When a lift cylinder is used, the spring hanger may be installed above or below the lift cylinder as described. HYDRAULIC BACKUP CONSIDERATIONS. The hydraulic backup is capable of  handling pipe sizes from 4 inch to 14-3/8 inch in outside diameter. Any significant difference between actual pipe diamter and design diamter may result in failure of the heads to take an initial bite, slipping under torque, and other problems. HANGING THE TONG.  The tong is transported to the well site and hung into position as illustrated in Figure 2-3 and as follows: CAUTION: Do not hook lift-line on turnbuckels. Be sure bridle chains are clear of valves Caution and controls. 1. Connect bridle to tong and verify tong is snubbed for both make-up and break- out operations. 13

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2. Using the cat line on drilling rig, or a specially rigged line, lift tong to desired height in the work area and secure. Be sure the lift cylinder or counter-balance system is properly in place and functioning. 3. Adjust the turnbuckles as necessary to level the tong to ensure an even bite on the casing. This is done by first placing tong on pipe, and taking all slack out of  the snub line. 4. Connect snub line to hydraulic cylinder of torque gauge assembly to restrain tong roation and to provide torque readings for make-up or break-out opera- tions. 5. Secure other end of snub line to a solid part of rig at a 90-degree angle from the tongs center line.

CONNECTING HYDRAULIC HOSES The hydraulic couplings, Figure 2-3, contain check valves to prevent loss of hydraulic fluid when the lines are disconnected. The check valves are closed until the hydraulic hoses are connected. Proper tightening of the hydraulic hose connectors opens these check valves. However, pressure may be in the tong when the lines are disconnected so that the valves resist opening. In such case, the connectors may seem to reach the end of  thread travel when, in reality, the check valve operation is restricting further tightening. When making up these connections you should be sure that you have tightened the couplings tight and have not simply reached a "false" tightening due to the resistance of  the check valves. Connect the hoses as follows: 1. Disable power unit, never connect or disconnect hoses when unit is in opera- tion. CAUTION: To be sure connectors are completely tight, first tighten them until travel is restricted and the end of the thread travel appears to be reached. Then try to tighten the Caution connector further to be sure first restriction was not a false tightness. Then continue to tighten the fitting until connection is tight. 2. Hook up pressure hose to one-inch fitting on tong by forcing connectors together while turning the wing nut. 3. Hook up return hose from power unit to 1-1/4 inch connector on tong, as described in step 2. 4. If a lift cylinder is used, hook up the hose from lift cylinder to connector provided on tong. 5. Start power unit and allow hydraulic fluid to circulate through tong until fluid reaches operating temperature. Refer to Table 1-1 for operating temperatures.  NOTE: This period will vary according to the ambient temperature. In severe weather  Important conditions, you may need to operate system for several minutes before using tong. On the

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CONNECT HYDRAULIC PRESSURE LINE FROM POWER UNIT

CONNECT HYDRAULIC RETURN LINE FROM POWER UNIT

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(A)(B)(C) (D) (E) A. Tong control lever. B. Cam type backup control lever. C. Lift cylinder control lever. D. Backup direction control lever. E. Speed shift lever.

Figure 3-1 Tong Control Lever Locations PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE.  The following precautions should be observed to ensure safe operation. 1. Be sure that the operating personnel are checked out on proper operation of  tong, and be sure that they are aware of safety requirements. 2. Be sure that all lines and equipment associated with hanging and securing tong are of adequate size and good condition.

PRE-OPERATING CHECKS After installation, you should check out the system to be sure that any necessary adjust- ments are made and that the system is functioning correctly. Before attempting opera- tion, verify that the following initial adjustments have been made. POWER UNIT OUTPUT PRESSURE. Determine that the power unit output pressure has been properly adjusted. If you do not know, refer to the instruction manual on the power unit and perform the output pressure adjustment procedure for the required pressure. TONG PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE.  If a relief pressure is to be set on the tong, verify that the setting has been made previously; or if you do not know, refer to the maintenance section for the proper procedures. BRAKE BANDS.  Determine if the brake bands have been adjusted properly. If  necessary perform the pre-operational check to make this determination. Refer to the Maintenance Section for adjustment of the brake bands.

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Backing Pin In Make-up Hole Allows tong to bite when operated clockwise for makeup. In Break-out Hole Allows tong to bite when operated counter-clockwise for breakout. Shifting Lever Up Position Shifts tong gear train into high-speed position. Center Position Neutral position-motor and clutch shaft turn but rotary gear does not rotate. Down Position Shift tong gear train to low speed. Control Levers Forward Position Operates rotary gear and cage plates clockwise. For make-up, heads bites and for break-out head releases. Back Position Operates rotary gear and cage plates counter-clockwise. For break-out head, head bites and for make-up head releases. Manual Relief Valve Permits operator to set hydraulic pressure to desired setting.

Pressure Gauge Measures pressure applied to hydraulic motor. Lift Control Lever (not shown) Forward Position Operates lift cylinder to lower tong. Back Position Operates lift cylinder to raise tong.

SHIFTING LEVER 8  3   MAKE-UP   BACKING 3 PIN L1 K

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OBSERVING THE OPERATING FUNCTIONS.  Before starting a new job and each day before the work begins, perform the following operations and be sure the tong responds correctly. WARNING: Before operating tong, verify the handle locations below apply to your  ! Warning specific tong. Inadequate pre-operational check of tong could result in injury. The tong should be secured for both make-up or break-out operation, by utilizing the snub line. If this is not done, the tong may be thrown against operator causing physical harm. The following steps refer to handle locations identified in Figure 3-1 and 3-2. 1. Verify tong is snubbed for both make-up and break-out operations. 2. Place backing pin in left-hand hole. 3. Move shifting lever to high-speed (up) and push tong control lever forward and verify that heads bite and cage plates turn at high speed. 4. Return control lever to neutral and move the shifting lever to the low speed position (down). 5. Push tong control lever forward and verify that heads bite and cage plates turn at low speed. 6. Return control lever to neutral. 7. Use tong control lever to operate tong so that cage plates and rotary gear openings are aligned with the throat openings. 8. Place backing pin in right-hand (break-out position) hole. Repeat steps 2 through 6 to check break-out operation.  NOTE:  If the heads fail to bite, the brake bands probably need adjustment. Adjust the Important bands as described in the topic on Initial Adjustments in the Maintenance Section. 9. If lift cylinder option is installed, pull lift cylinder control lever (B) Figure 3-1, back and verify that cylinder operates to lift tong. 10. Push lift cylinder control lever (B) Figure 3-1, forward and verify the cylinder lowers the tong. 11. If a hydraulic backup is installed, push the directional control lever (D) forward and operate backup control lever (B) forward and verify backup heads bite in make-up position. 12. Pull lever (B) to release heads. Return to netural. 13. If a hydraulic backup is installed, pull the directional control lever (D) back and operate backup control lever (B) forward and verify backup heads bite in break- out position. 14. Pull lever (B) to release heads, Return to neutral.

TYPICAL OPERATING SEQUENCE INITIAL OPERATIONS.  After the tong is transported to job site, hoisted into operating position, snubbed, leveled, and connected with power unit as described in Installation Section, proceed as follows. 1. Be sure shifting lever and control lever(s) are in neutral position. 2. Start hydraulic power unit. 3. Perform a pre-operational check and make any required adjustments before operation.

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4. Place backing pin in make-up hole for make-up operation or in break-out hole for break-out operation (See Figure 3-2.) POSITIONING TONG AND ENCLOSING TUBING.  After performing the initial operations, position the tong for the make-up or break-out work to be done. 1. Position the tong at proper height for griping tubing as follows: a. If tong is installed using a cou