pup joint crossover free sample

A pup joint is Casing, Pipe or Tubing shorter in length than a standard tubular string. This allows for the adjustment and installation of tools and various tubular components when placement downhole is critical for a specific project. A Spacer Pipe is another reference used to identify pup joints. Pup joint features consist of connections, lengths, weights and material grade.

Crossover pup joints are manufactured from seamless mechanical tube. As with all Crossover products, each piece is marked with a distinctive job number and heat number that is fully traceable. A complete range of sizes (1" to 4.5"), weights (standard or heavy wall), and grades (J-55, N-80, L-80, and P-110) are commonly available from stock in 2", 3", 4", 6", 10", and 12" lengths. Lengths up to 20" are available upon request.

Seamless pup joints with premium connections are available in API and exotic alloy grades. Premium ends are threaded by the manufacturer or authorized licensee.

Available with standard or special perforation spacings. Each joint has four rows of ⅜ inch holes drilled longitudinally along the tube. Optional patterns, hole size, and lengths furnished upon request.

Crossover, Inc. handles many types of API Couplings. As a rule, we stock enough of your common couplings which enable us to ship the same day if needed. We carry in stock J-55, L-80, N-80, and P-110. As for sizes, we carry 2 3/8”, 2 7/8” 3 ½”, 4 ½” tubing and some of the casing sizes up to 13 3/8”. Stock connections are EU 8 Rd., Nu 10 Rd., LTC, STC, and BTC. Our couplings are primarily of USA manufacture. If origin is not important, we can source other origins and sometimes beat the USA manufactured cost.

We manufacture a wide range of Crossover Couplings. Couplings are used to connect two sizes of pipes, or two different dissimilar threaded parts together. We offer special clearance couplings, special clearance couplings with bevels on both ends, and couplings with the API Seal Ring Modification.

Crossover swages are made from API grades of pipe and mechanical tubing. Rigid quality standards are maintained throughout the manufacturing process by frequent inspection and testing. Raw material quality is assured by our quality assurance program.

A blast joint is shorter in length than standard tubular joint. Built with a heavy wall pipe it is incorporated in the production string to facilitate production across any perforated interval and zone. Blast Joints are manufactured to the following specs connections, lengths, weights and material grade.

Crossover Blast Joints are heavy wall pin by box connectors used in tubing strings and are designed to minimize the effect of external erosive action caused by production fluids. Blast joints are located opposite the location of perforations in the production casing or just below the tubing hanger in sand frac designs. Crossover blast joints are manufactured from seamless mechanical tube in sizes ranging from 2 3/8” to 4 1/2” OD. Any length, grade of material, and threading is available at the customers request. Typical lengths are 10" and 20". Both API and Premium threads are available.

Crossover Flow Couplings are heavy wall box by box connectors used in tubing strings and are designed to minimize the effect of internal erosive action caused by production fluids. Flow couplings are located just above or below Landing Nipples, Safety Valves or Control Devices where turbulent flow problems are likely to occur. Crossover flow couplings are manufactured from seamless mechanical tube in sizes ranging from 2 3/8” to 4 1/2” OD. Any length, grade of material, and threading is available at the customers request. Typical lengths are 3" and 6". Both API and Premium threads are available.

Crossover Coarse Thread Tubing Safety Joint provides for emergency recovery of the major portion of the tubing string should it become necessary to abandon the equipment below. Precision left-hand threads facilitate the release of the joint by right-hand tubing rotation. Equipment requiring right-hand rotation should not be used below the Safety joint.

Crossover Straight-Pull/Shear-Out Safety Joint is used between packers in dual and triple completions and in selective completions using Hydrostatic Single-String Packers. It is also used when rotational releasing is not desired. When ran above the upper packer in a single-string completion, however, the shear value should be adjusted to compensate for any hydraulic conditions that exist when the string is landed, or that are created by well treating operations. They are available in keyed and non-keyed configurations.

Crossover Gas Anchor is an effective and simple design. It will increase oil and gas production, improve efficiency of the lift system, correct artificial lift problems caused by incomplete pump fillage due to gas interference and reduce operating cost.

Crossover can build these in any of the regular API Grades such as J-55, L-80, or P-110. These are usually only made going up or down one size in either direction such as ¾” to 1” or 1 ½” to 2”.

Crossover Circulating Sub/Swages are manufactured from AISI 4140/4145. They typically are female hammer union on the top end and an IF pin on the bottom end, but can be manufactured with any size and style connection.

Crossover Drop Ball Circulating Subs are manufactured from AISI 4140/4145. The standard is pin by box. They are activated by dropping a chrome steel ball, which lands on a sleeve and as pressure increases, the pins in the sleeve are sheared. This causes the sleeve to move down and expose four ports in the side of the sub diverting the fluid flow.

Crossover Side Entry Subs are manufactured from AISI 4140/4145. They are manufactured from one piece. They are typically rotary shouldered pin by box with 2” 1502 female hammer union, but can be manufactured with any size and style connection.

These can be made Rotary Shoulder Box Up x Pin Down with the ½ union on the side, we can build with any combination of the connections placed anywhere on the sub. All of Crossover’s Side Entry Subs are Integral manufactured which means that the sub is one piece and has no heat affected zone from welding the ½ union onto the body.

Crossover Pipe Scrubbing Wire Brush is used to brush and clean the ID of the casing and remove scale, rust, mud residue, and any other particles of debris.

Crossover Inside BOP Valves are manufactured from AISI 4145. Crossover"s one piece design is much more robust than the traditional two piece construction design. Crossover"s one piece design typically allows for standard connection OD"s and shorter overall length parts. This eliminates the service break which allows for quicker disassembly.

Crossover"s Drop-in Check Valve is a retrievable check valve. It is retrievable by means of a retrievable tool (gravel girdie) run in on wireline. When needed the check valve is pumped down the drill string to the landing sub. The dogs are locked in place with pressure from below the valve. The check valve will open to allow circulation and close when circulation is stopped.

Crossover rotary shoes are manufactured from specially tempered steel to provide the ultimate in toughness and durability. They are used to cut a clearance between the fish and the wall of the well bore. Each shoe is tailored to fit a particular downhole need and normally is run on the bottom of one or more joints of washover pipe. Shoe design is dictated by whether it cuts on the bottom, on the OD, on the ID, or any combination of these. When hole sizes permit, additional clearances can be cut using side ribs, thus providing greater circulation.

Crossover has been servicing the oil country tubular market since 1979. Our commitment to total quality has made us one of the leading manufacturers in the OCTG market. This assurance is recognized both domestically and internationally by major oil producers in their promotion and application of Crossover tubular products.

DIC is a Manufacturer and Exporter of Crossover Pup Joints in Ajman, UAE. It is used for crossing over from the size of a single connection to the other in the drill string.

We supply crossover pup joints in all sizes, grades, and thread profiles. All our products have passed the ISO certification and API certifications. Our products are tested numerous times under technical guidance and are made from the best quality material.

A wide variety of pup joints and crossovers options are available to you, such as energy & mining, construction works  and retail.You can also choose from unavailable, 1.5 years and 6 months pup joints and crossovers,As well as from provided, {2}, and {3}. and whether pup joints and crossovers is kazakhstan, russia, or egypt.

Pup joints are nonstandard pipes used to adjust the length of the tubular string to meet the exact requirements. In addition, the pup joints are used to change the length of the drill string for drilling operations and easy surface handling. The appearance of the pup joints is largely determined by their mechanical properties.

Further, thePup Joint marketis segmented by product type, Technology, End-User, and geography. On the basis of product type, the Pup Joint market is segmented under Crossover Pup Joint, Tubing Pup Joint. Based on the Technology, the market is segmented under the Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled. Based on End-User, the market is segmented into Chemical Industry, Mining, Oil & Gas, Construction, and Others. By geography, the market covers the major countries in North America, i.e., the US, Canada, and Mexico. For each segment, the market sizing and forecasts have been done on the basis of value (in USD Million).

Increasing consumption of natural gas and oil, technological advancements in drilling techniques, and fast-growing industrialization are the major factors contributing to the market growth. The rise in demand for high-grade pup joints from several end-use industries is expected to drive the use of pup joints. Demand for pup joints is expected to rise because of the growing demand for energy and significant investments in exploring onshore and offshore reserves by the oil & gas and mining industries. Increased energy consumption, the economic development of the shipping industry, and increased seaborne trade are the major factors driving the demand for pup joints during the forecast period.

The decline in petroleum production may hinder the market"s growth. Renewable energy will be more affordable than existing oil and gas sources during the forecast period, which will restrain the market for pup joints.

Due to COVID-19, the major end-user industries of pup joints were affected, which will hinder the demand for pup joints since the oil & gas industry is the largest end-user. COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the downstream oil & gas industry due to the significant drop in prices and reduced demand caused by the economic slowdown, which affected production rates in many countries. However, major countries such as the US and Canada implement dynamic and diverse approaches to navigate and deal with what is happening due to COVID-19. As a result, the market will experience moderate growth during the forecast period. The United States is a major revenue generator in the North American pup joint market.

With changes in energy arrangements and expanding political pressures, the market interest in pup joints and comparable items is changing. Government and privately owned businesses are showing a clear interest in finding new oil stores to meet future needs. Ventures by significant oil exploration companies are likely to support the pup joint market.

By Product Type,the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Crossover Pup Joint, Tubing Pup Joint, and Drill Pipe Pup Joint. The Tubing Pup Joint had the highest market share in 2021. Tubing pup joints are likely to have a huge demand because they are also used to handle production tubing accessories. Tubing pup joints are tubing that is short in size and operated for spacing.

By Technology, the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled. The Hot Rolled segment had the highest market share in 2021. Under high temperature and pressure processing conditions, the steel tube can be completely devoid of air bubbles, cracks, and porosity. It has a good mechanical effect and excellent intensity.

By End-User, the Pup Joint Market is segmented into Chemical Industry, Mining, Oil & Gas, Construction, and Others. The Oil & Gas segment had the highest market share in 2021. The oil & gas business has been positively impacted by the introduction of several drilling technologies. Due to the reliance on petroleum-based products by various emerging economies, oil & gas dependence has increased. Petroleum is used to make a variety of chemical products, such as fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and solvents. To meet future demand for oil, both private and public companies are seeking to explore new oil reserves.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of theNorth AmericaPup Joint market to the stakeholders in the industry. The report provides trends that are most dominant in the North AmericaPup Joint market and how these trends will influence new business investments and market development throughout the forecast period. The report also aids in the comprehension of theNorth AmericaPup Joint Market dynamics and competitive structure of the market by analyzing market leaders, market followers, and regional players.

The qualitative and quantitative data provided in theNorth AmericaPup Joint market report is to help understand which market segments and regions are expected to grow at higher rates, factors affecting the market, and key opportunity areas, which will drive the industry and market growth through the forecast period. The report also includes the competitive landscape of key players in the industry along with their recent developments in theNorth AmericaPup Joint market. The report studies factors such as company size, market share, market growth, revenue, Product Type, and profits of the key players in theNorth AmericaPup Joint market.

The report provides Porter"s Five Force Model, which helps in designing the business strategies in the market. The report helps in identifying how many rivals exist, who they are, and how their Product Type quality is in theNorth AmericaPup Joint market. The report also analyses if theNorth AmericaPup Joint market is easy for a new player to gain a foothold in the market, do they enter or exit the market regularly, if the market is dominated by a few players, etc.

The report also includes a PESTEL Analysis, which aids in the development of company strategies. Political variables help in figuring out how much a government can influence theNorth AmericaPup Joint market. Economic variables aid in the analysis of economic performance drivers that have an impact on theNorth AmericaPup Joint market. Understanding the impact of the surrounding environment and the influence of environmental concerns on the North AmericaPup Joint market is aided by legal factors.

TSI Flow Products Crossovers are available in a multitude of configurations and sizes ranging from 1” to 4”. TSI Crossovers can rate up to a maximum of 15,000 PSIG working pressure depending on the configuration. Crossovers are also available with the DC15 connection. For more information regarding the DC15 connection or custom configurations please contact your local TSI Flow Products.

Blaze Sales & Service has been outfitting the oil and natural gas industry with top quality Oilfield and downhole equipment supply and services. Offering sales, rental, replacement and repair services, we cater to a broad range of customer needs. From downhole equipment, 1502 plug valve, flow iron, pup joint, plug valve and trash catcher manifold, plug and gate valve, ridge plug, hydraulic packers, cement retainers, 1502 swivel joint, 1502 Chiksan, 10K needle valve, 15k needle valve, pressure gauge, Needle valves, Auto clave fitting, High pressure adapters and Changeover and crossover adapters, flowback and frac to coil tubing, workover rigs and supply stores, we deliver leading equipment that exceeds industry standards and regulations.

Autosomal recombination events were inferred using a combination of software tools. First, the dog genomes were phased without using pedigree information using SHAPEIT2 (Delaneau et al. 2013) (v2.r790). In order to avoid bias in our inference of recombination, we use a map file for phasing that has a constant rate of recombination (1 cM/Mb) between physical markers. Following phasing, we used the duoHMM (O’Connell et al. 2014) software (v0.1.4) to call recombination events using a hidden Markov model approach. The duoHMM software uses information on the relatedness between individuals to improve the quality of the phased haplotypes from SHAPEIT2. From these haplotypes, the inheritance pattern is inferred and recombination events are identified. The first duoHMM pass integrated pedigree structure information to correct phasing errors. Then, duoHMM was used to call crossovers in each parent–child duo of the pedigree, of which only high-confidence events were retained (with probability > 0.5). The duoHMM method was also used to identify SNPs that have a high probability of genotyping error (which we removed if a SNP had a probability of error of > 0.9). This method has been demonstrated to have a high sensitivity and low false discovery rate when compared to a standard Lander–Green (Lander and Green 1987) approach, such as that implemented in Merlin (Abecasis et al. 2002).

Tightly clustered crossovers within individuals may occur naturally as a result of gene conversion; however, another possibility is that genotype errors have caused false crossover calls. In many cases in our data, we found double crossovers that belonged to a shared parent and are clustered within the genome. Furthermore, these crossovers often used the same SNP for the interval boundaries. This strongly suggests genotyping error as a likely cause. Therefore, we removed any double crossovers that cluster within 1 Mb, and if more than one meiosis transmitted from the same parent also had clustered crossovers with shared interval boundaries.

We further removed all crossovers attributed to meioses that had biologically abnormal crossover counts (Figure S3). We defined thresholds separately for males and females, with a distribution centered on the median crossover count, and defined the boundaries as ± 4 SD from the sex-specific median crossover count, with the SD estimated via the robust estimator of 1.4826 median absolute deviation (MAD).

In order for duoHMM to correctly identify a recombination event, it must be flanked by at least one heterozygous variant in the parent on each side. For each parent–child duo for which we were able to make crossover calls, we identified the positions of the first and last heterozygous variant on each chromosome, which represented the genomic range in which we were able to observe a crossover. Then, across all duos in our sample, we estimated the effective total number of meioses at each position along each chromosome (Figure S4). The effective number of meioses was used in place of a fixed number of meioses when calculating the recombination fraction at each genomic interval.

Crossover interference influences the spacing of crossover events when two or more occur on the same chromosome in the same meiosis. We modeled the distance between these crossovers using two models. The gamma model (Broman and Weber 2000) assumes that the intercrossover distances follow a simple gamma distribution with shape ν and rate 2ν, where ν is a unitless measure of the strength of crossover interference, with ν = 1 representing no crossover interference, ν < 1 representing negative interference (spaced closer than expected by chance), and ν > 1 indicating positive crossover interference (spaced further apart than expected). The gamma-escape model, originally proposed by Housworth and Stahl (2003) provides an extension to the simple gamma model. Here, crossovers that are governed by the interference effect (ν > 1) are modeled to coexist alongside a subset of crossovers that escape interference (ν = 1). A second parameter, p, is included to allow the second class of “escaping” crossovers to exist in a mixture with the interfering crossovers, and represents the proportion of events that escape interference. To measure crossover interference, we estimated the parameters ν and p using a MATLAB software package (https://github.com/auton1/interference) previously developed to analyze interference in humans (Campbell et al. 2015).

In order to make a valid comparison between dogs and humans with respect to the proportion of recombination occupying a given amount of sequence, we took a number of steps to ensure the datasets are as similar as possible. To enable sex-specific comparisons between the species, we used a human pedigree dataset (Campbell et al. 2015) rather than an LD-based map. As the human dataset is considerably larger, we randomly sampled 408 phase-known meioses (204 each from males and females) to match the size of the dog dataset. We then reduced the SNP density of the human data. The human dataset was genotyped on a microarray of higher density than we have available for dogs, which allows recombination events to be better resolved than what was possible for dogs. Therefore, we thinned the human dataset in an attempt to match the recombination event resolution in dogs using an ad hoc iterative process as follows: (1) determine the inter-SNP distances for the human and dog datasets, (2) find SNPs that cluster more tightly in humans, (3) remove a random subset of SNPs within each of these clusters, and (4) iterate until the inter-SNP distributions and overall medians are similar between the two species. This iterative process yields a thinned framework of SNPs in the human dataset such that the new inter-SNP distances closely resemble those in dogs (Figure S6). Following this thinning, we examined each individual crossover in the human data and expanded the interval boundaries, if necessary, to the next available SNP in the newly selected framework. New sex-specific genetic maps were then generated from this thinned data and used for the comparison to dogs.

Supplementary data for this study, including sex-specific genetic maps, filtered crossover calls, and genotype data are available at https://github.com/clcampbell/dog_recombination.