jiangsu rongsheng heavy industries co ltd china brands

Brazil sank a decommissioned aircraft carrier in the Atlantic Ocean off its northeast coast, the Brazilian Navy said, despite warnings from environmentalists that the rusting 1960s French-built ship would pollute the sea and the marine food chain.The 32,000-tonne carrier had been floating offshore for three months since Turkey refused it entry to be scrapped there because it was an environmental hazard and the ship was towed back to Brazil.The carrier was scuttled in a "planned and controlled sinking" late on Friday, the Navy said in a statement, that would "avoid logistical, operational, environmental and economic losses to the Brazilian state," it said.

Finnish cargo handling machinery manufacturer Cargotec on Monday announced its board of directors has appointed Casimir Lindholm to succeed Mika Vehviläinen as the company"s president and CEO, effective April 1, 2023.A member of Cargotec"s board since 2021, Lindholm has held CEO positions both in Eltel and Lemminkäinen and many board memberships.“I’m honored and excited to be leading Cargotec at such a pivotal moment in the company’s history, with a strong foundation and a clear vision into its next development phase of growth as we have communicated before.

The Baltic Exchange"s main sea freight index, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities, fell to the lowest in nearly three years, pressured by weaker rates across vessel segments.The overall index, which factors in rates for capesize, panamax and supramax shipping vessels carrying dry bulk commodities, fell 13 points, or about 2.1%, to 608, its lowest since early-June 2020.The capesize index lost 10 points, or about 2.3%, to over a five-month low of 419.Average daily earnings for capesizes, which typically transport 150,000-tonne cargoes such as iron ore and coal, were down $86 at $3,475.

ABB has unveiled its Baldor-Reliance HydroCool XT motor product line, a new generation of water-cooled motors for extreme marine duty and other applications.According to the manufacturer, HydroCool XT is quiet and versatile, and offers reduced maintenance and high performance in some of the toughest environments. Water-jacket cooling offers higher thermal conductivity than air cooling, helping to extend the motor life while eliminating the need for fans or air filters. Available with induction or permanent magnet rotor technology, the motor can achieve the highest level (IE5) efficiency rating for energy savings

The Italian trade union USB filed a legal complaint against a plan by gas grid operator Snam to set up a new liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in the Tuscan port of Piombino, it said in a press release on Friday.USB alleged Snam had committed serious "environmental crimes" while performing works to build the terminal.USB criticised in the statement the choice to set up the terminal in an area already polluted by an old steel plant, saying regasification processes would increase pollution levels even further and cause "serious and irreparable injuries."Snam declined to comment on the issue.

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RUGAO, China/SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Deserted flats and boarded-up shops in the Yangtze river town of Changqingcun serve as a blunt reminder of the area"s reliance on China Rongsheng Heavy Industries Group, the country"s biggest private shipbuilder.A view of the Rongsheng Heavy Industries shipyard is seen in Nantong, Jiangsu province December 4, 2013. REUTERS/Aly Song

The shipbuilder this week predicted a substantial annual loss, just months after appealing to the government for financial help as it reeled from industry overcapacity and shrinking orders. Rongsheng lost an annual record 572.6 million yuan ($92 million) last year, and lost 1.3 billion yuan in the first half of this year.

While Beijing seems intent to promote a shift away from an investment-heavy model, with companies reliant on government cash injections, some analysts say Rongsheng is too big for China to let fail.

As ship orders and funding have dried up, the firm has delayed deliveries and now faces legal disputes, shipping and legal sources said. The company - whose market value has slumped more than 90 percent to around $1 billion since its Hong Kong listing in late 2010 - is in talks with bankers to restructure its debt.

Local media reported in July that Rongsheng had laid off as many as 8,000 workers as demand slowed. Three years ago, the company had about 20,000 staff and contract employees. This week, the shipbuilder said an unspecified number of workers had been made redundant this year.

“In this area we’re only really selling to workers from the shipyard. If they’re not here who do we sell to?” said one of the few remaining shopkeepers, surnamed Sui, playing a videogame at his work-wear store. “I know people with salaries held back and they can’t pay for things. I can’t continue if things stay the same.”

“Without new orders it’s hard to see how operations can continue,” said one worker wearing oil-spattered overalls and a Rongsheng hardhat, adding he was still waiting to be paid for September. He didn’t want to give his name as he feared he could lose his job.

“Morale in the office is quite low, since we don’t know what is the plan,” said a Rongsheng executive, who declined to be named as he is not authorized to speak to the media. “We have been getting orders but can’t seem to get construction loans from banks to build these projects.”

While Rongsheng has won just two orders this year, state-backed rival Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuildinghas secured 50, according to shipbroker data. Singapore-listed Yangzijiang Shipbuildinghas won more than $1 billion in new orders and is moving into offshore jack-up rig construction, noted Jon Windham, head industrials analyst at Barclays in Hong Kong.

Frontline, a shipping company controlled by Norwegian business tycoon John Fredriksen, ordered two oil tankers from Rongsheng in 2010 for delivery earlier this year. It now expects to receive both of them in 2014, Frontline CEO Jens Martin Jensen told Reuters.

Greek shipowner DryShips Inchas also questioned whether other large tankers on order will be delivered. DryShips said Rongsheng is building 43 percent of the Suezmax vessels - tankers up to 200,000 deadweight tons - in the current global order book. That"s equivalent to 23 ships, according to Rongsheng data.

Speaking at a quarterly results briefing last month, DryShips Chief Financial Officer Ziad Nakhleh said Rongsheng was “a yard that, as we stated before, is facing difficulties and, as such, we believe there is a high probability they will not be delivered.” DryShips has four dry cargo vessels on order at the Chinese firm.

Rongsheng declined to comment on the Dryships order, citing client confidentiality. “For other orders on hand, our delivery plan is still ongoing,” a spokesman said.

At least two law firms in Shanghai and Singapore are acting for shipowners seeking compensation from Rongsheng for late or cancelled orders. “I’m now dealing with several cases against Rongsheng,” said Lawrence Chen, senior partner at law firm Wintell & Co in Shanghai.

Billionaire Zhang Zhirong, who founded Rongsheng in 2005 and is the shipyard"s biggest shareholder, last month announced plans to privatize Hong Kong-listed Glorious Property Holdingsin a HK$4.57 billion ($589.45 million) deal - a move analysts said could raise money to plug Rongsheng"s debts.

The shipbuilder’s net debt to equity, a measure of indebtedness, climbed to 134 percent in January-June from 119 percent in 2012 and 85 percent in 2011. Talks with its banking syndicate are ongoing, with no indication when a deal could be struck, a person at one of the banks told Reuters this week.

Meanwhile, Rongsheng’s shipyard woes have already pushed many people away from nearby centers, and others said they would have to go if things don’t pick up. Some said they hoped the local government might step in with financial support.

The Rugao government did not respond to requests for comment on whether it would lend financial or other support to Rongsheng. Annual reports show Rongsheng has received state subsidies in the past three years.

The exodus has left row upon row of deserted apartments, with just a few old garments strewn on the floor and empty name tags to show for what was a bustling community before China’s economic growth began to slow and credit tightened at a time when global shipping, too, turned down.

“The lottery has become increasingly popular,” said a girl working the till. “I’m not sure why really, but perhaps people are hoping they can win something here.”

(Bloomberg) — China Rongsheng Heavy Industries Group Holdings Ltd., which hasn’t announced any 2012 ship orders, may find winning deals even harder as a company owned by its billionaire chairman faces an insider-trading probe.

China’s biggest shipbuilder outside state control tumbled 16 percent yesterday in Hong Kong after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission said traders including Chairman Zhang Zhi Rong’s Well Advantage Ltd. made more than $13 million of illegal profits buying shares of Nexen Inc. ahead of a takeover announcement by CNOOC Ltd. The SEC also won a court order freezing about $38 million of the traders’ assets.

The investigation may deter customers from placing orders, Jon Windham, an analyst at Barclays Plc., said yesterday by phone. “It’s obviously very bad for the overall image of the company.” He downgraded the stock to underweight from equalweight and cut its target price to HK$1.06 from HK$2.40.

Rongsheng, based in Shanghai, has tumbled 87 percent since a November 2010 initial public offering because of concerns about delivery delays and a global slump in ship orders caused by a glut of vessels. The shipbuilder, which operates facilities in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, also said yesterday that first- half profit probably dropped “significantly” because of falling prices and slowing orders.

The demand slump has pushed new-ship prices to an eight- year low, according to shipbroker Clarkson Plc. Chinese shipyard orders plunged 49 percent in the first half.

The probe won’t affect day-to-day operations run by Chief Executive Officer Chen Qiang, as Chairman Zhang only has a non- executive role, Rongsheng said in a statement yesterday. Zhang wasn’t available for comment yesterday, according to Doris Chung, public relations manager at Glorious Property Holdings Ltd., a developer he controls.

Chen isn’t aware of Zhang’s personal business dealings and he has no plans to leave Rongsheng, he said yesterday by text message in reply to Bloomberg News questions. The CEO may help reassure potential customers as he is well-known among shipowners, said Lawrence Li, an analyst at UOB Kay Hian Holdings Ltd.

Zhang owns 46 percent of Rongsheng and 64 percent of Glorious Property, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The developer dropped 1.7 percent to close at HK$1.16 in Hong Kong today after falling 11 percent yesterday. Zhang’s listed holdings are worth about $1.2 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Zhang, who holds a Master’s of Business Administration degree from Asia Macau International Open University, started in building materials and construction subcontracting before getting into real estate. Construction of his first project, in Shanghai, began in 1996, according to Glorious Property’s IPO prospectus. He got into shipbuilding after discussing the idea with Chen at a Shanghai Young Entrepreneurs’ Association event in 2001, according to Rongsheng’s sale document. He formed the company that grew into Rongsheng three years later.

“People in his hometown think Zhang is a legend as he expanded two companies in different sectors so quickly,” said Ji Fenghua, chairman of Nantong Mingde Group, a shipyard located next to Rongsheng’s facility in Nantong city, Jiangsu province. The billionaire maintains a low profile, said Ji, who has never seen him at meetings organized by the local government.

Rongsheng raised HK$14 billion in its 2010 IPO, selling shares at HK$8 each. The company’s market value has fallen by about $6.1 billion to $1 billion, based on data compiled by Bloomberg.

The shipbuilder has had delays as it builds 16 of the world’s biggest commodity ships for Vale SA and Oman Shipping Co. It was supposed to hand over eight of the ships last year, according to its IPO prospectus. Instead, it only delivered one. It had handed over two more to Vale by May 20. The same month, it christened two for Oman Shipping, Xinhua reported.

The company’s cash reserves have also declined. It had 6.3 billion yuan of cash and cash equivalents at the end of December down from 10.4 billion yuan a year earlier. Its short-term borrowings rose to 18.2 billion yuan from 10.1 billion yuan, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Rongsheng, which also makes engines and excavators, had outstanding orders for 98 ships as of June 2012, according to Clarkson. It employed 7,046 people at the end of last year, according to its annual report. The shipbuilder has built a pipe-laying vessel for Cnooc and it has a strategic cooperation agreement with the energy company.

Well Advantage and other unknown traders stockpiled shares of Nexen before Cnooc announced plans to buy the Calgary-based energy company for $15.1 billion, according to the SEC. The regulator acted to freeze accounts less than 24 hours after Well Advantage placed an order to liquidate its position, it said. The investigation continues, it said July 27.

The traders may have to pay multiples of the profit they made from illegal deals to settle the case, based on previous incidents, said David Webb, the founder of corporate-governance website Webb-site.com. The frozen accounts may make a settlement more probable as the traders won’t be able to access cash, he said. Still, there may be a long-term impact on reputations.

“Cases such as this bring the integrity of the persons involved into question,” Webb said. “And, if they are running a bank or a listed company, then it tends to tarnish the firm too.”

Rongsheng Heavy Industries Group Holdings Limited is pleased to announce the establishment of Rongsheng Offshore & Marine Private Limited (“Rongsheng Offshore & Marine”), the Group’s new offshore engineering base, in Singapore. The company will focus on research and development, marketing and “Engineering, Procurement and Construction” (“EPC”) projects in offshore engineering, drawing on Singapore’s superior industry advances and human resources. On the same day, Rongsheng Offshore & Marine also officially announces that it has secured an EPC contract for a 2,000-meter deepwater tender barge. With sound developments made in the high-end offshore equipment manufacturing field, the Group will seek to accelerate its all-round transformation into an offshore engineering service provider.

Rongsheng Offshore & Marine, a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Rongsheng Heavy Industries and registered in Singapore, is set to become a light asset, high technology and first class offshore engineering talent base. It will play an important role in the Group’s offshore engineering strategy; the sales team is positioned to help the Group to gain market share in the international offshore engineering market, and the operational team will help the Group to achieve greater breakthroughs by engaging in high-end operational activities such as research and development, EPC project management and international procurement.

Mr. Chen Qiang, Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of China Rongsheng Heavy Industries, said: “The opening of Rongsheng Offshore & Marine marks an important milestone towards the Group’s goal to upgrade and transform into an offshore engineering service provider. Combined with the company’s new, innovative operating model and technological platform and Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries Company Limited’s (“Jiangsu Rongsheng”) strong manufacturing base, China Rongsheng Heavy Industries has gained access to the global market and can now make their presence felt in the high-end marine equipment manufacturing field. By improving efficiency and lowering cost through synergizing the Group’s various business areas, we are confident that we can build Rongsheng into a world-class offshore engineering brand.”

The tender barge, ordered by a Norwegian customer, is currently one of the largest of its kind in the world, complete with a high-tech, high value-added deepwater engineering apparatus that boasts a wide scope of applications and excellent cost performance. With a maximum working depth and drilling depth of 2,000 meters and 6,000 meters, respectively, it meets the global requirements of oil drilling operations in mild-temperature waters.

The project in question is an EPC project, covering Engineering, Procurement, Construction. Rongsheng Offshore & Marine is the general contractor, and Jiangsu Rongsheng is the manufacturer. China Rongsheng Heavy Industries is one of the few shipbuilders in China capable of undertaking an EPC project, and the winning of this tender highlights the technological and manufacturing strength of China Rongsheng Heavy Industries in the marine engineering field. It also demonstrates the recognition received by the Group in the international shipbuilding and offshore engineering industries.

Mr. Don Lee, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Rongsheng Offshore & Marine, has made great achievements in offshore engineering and commands a considerable reputation, having established extensive contacts and close cooperation with offshore rig owners and petroleum companies over the course of 40 years in the field. Prior to his appointment at Rongsheng, Mr. Lee served as an Senior General Manager at Sembcorp Marine’s subsidiary Jurong Shipyard, Senior Vice President of the Marketing of Sembcorp Marine,Director of Jurong Brazil, Director of Brazil Netherlands BV, and Director of PPL Shipyard.

Chinese shipbuilder Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries has raised about HKD$14bn ($1.8bn) in its initial public offering on the Hong Kong stock exchange.

Rongsheng will use part of the sale proceeds to fund its shipbuilding and offshore engineering businesses, and to repay loans, according to lloydslist.com.

The bank will lend CNY30bn ($4.47bn) under a bank-enterprise strategic cooperation agreement while the remaining CNY20bn ($3bn) will be provided under a supply chain finance strategic cooperation agreement.

The credit line includes cooperation in a letter of guarantee for ship export, seller’s credit in a shipbuilding contract, a letter of credit, and sale and purchase of forward foreign currencies against Chinese currency.

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Trading of shares and all structured products related to the company was suspended pending clarification of “news articles and possible inside information,” Rongsheng said in filings to the Hong Kong stock exchange. The Wall Street Journal reported yesterday, citing Lei Dong, secretary to the Shanghai- based company’s president, that more than half of the employees laid off were subcontractors and the rest full-time workers.

Rongsheng shares slumped 10 percent yesterday after the company said some idled contract workers had engaged in “disruptive” activities by surrounding the entrance of its factory in east China’s Jiangsu province. China’s shipyards are suffering from a global slump in orders as a glut of vessels and slowing economic growth sap demand. Brazil and Greece accounted for more than half of Rongsheng’s 2012 revenue.

“Rongsheng’s move reflects the bad market,” said Lawrence Li, an analyst at UOB-Kay Hian Holdings Ltd. in Shanghai. “More small-to-medium sized shipyards, especially those that lack government support, may take the same actions or even close down.”

Rongsheng spokesman William Li declined to comment on the Journal report. Four calls to Lei’s office at Rongsheng went unanswered. Rongsheng Chairman Chen Qiang also declined to comment today.

Rongsheng had as many as 38,000 workers including its own employees and contract staff at the peak of the industry boom a few years ago, UOB-Kay Hian’s Li said.

The order book at China’s shipbuilders fell 23 percent at the end of May from a year earlier, according to data from the China Association of the National Shipbuilding Industry. Yards have reduced down-payment requirements, with some slashing their rates to as little as 2.5 percent of contract value compared with 20 percent before 2010, according to UOB-Kay Hian.

Economic growth in China has held below 8 percent for the past four quarters, the first time that has happened in at least 20 years. The nation’s clampdown on excessive short-term borrowing sent the overnight repurchase rate to a record 13.91 percent last month, forcing at least 22 companies including China Development Bank Corp., a backer of the shipping industry, to cancel or delay bond sales.

China Rongsheng posted a loss of 572.6 million yuan ($93 million) last year, after three consecutive years of profits, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. It had short-term debt of 19.3 billion yuan as of the end of 2012, the data show.

Rongsheng received orders to build a total of 16 Valemax vessels from Brazilian miner Vale SA and Oman Shipping Co. and had delivered 10 as of April. The commodity ships, among the biggest afloat, are about twice the size of the capesize vessels that have traditionally hauled iron ore from Brazil to China.

The company’s cash conversion cycle, a gauge of days required to convert resources into cash, more than doubled to 582 last year from 224 in 2011, the data show. China Rongsheng shares have fallen 15 percent this year in Hong Kong, compared with a 11 percent decline for the benchmark Hang Seng Index.

Ten of the 14 analysts tracked by Bloomberg recommend selling the stock with the rest rating it hold. The company raised HK$14 billion in its initial public offer in 2010.

China Huarong Energy Company Limited, formerly known as China Rongsheng Heavy Industries, has identified a Chinese company listed on a stock exchange in China as a potential buyer of its Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries shipyard.

The undisclosed buyer is further negotiating with the China Huarong regarding the list and scope of the relevant assets and liabilities, and the terms of the potential transaction.

The group has already obtained letters of consent from various major creditor banks which agreed to various matters in relation to, amongst other things, the disposal of assets and liabilities of Jiangsu Rongsheng.

However, China Huarong warned that the transaction is subject to certain provisions, including the signing of a formal transaction agreement, the final terms and conditions of which are still under further negotiations by the parties.

Valemax ships are a fleet of very large ore carriers (VLOC) owned or chartered by the Brazilian mining company Vale S.A. to carry iron ore from Brazil to European and Asian ports. With a capacity ranging from 380,000 to 400,000 tons deadweight, the vessels meet the Chinamax standard of ship measurements for limits on draft and beam. Valemax ships are the largest bulk carriers ever constructed, when measuring deadweight tonnage or length overall, and are amongst the longest ships of any type currently in service.

The first Valemax vessel, Vale Brasil, was delivered in 2011. Initially, all 35 ships of the first series were expected to be in service by 2013, but the last ship was not delivered until September 2016. In late 2015 and early 2016, Chinese shipping companies ordered 30 more ships with deliveries in 2018–2020. Three additional vessels were ordered by a Japanese shipping company, bringing the total number of Valemax vessels to 68 as of 2020

In 2008, Vale placed orders for twelve 400,000-ton Valemax ships to be constructed by Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries (RSHI) in China and ordered seven more ships from South Korean Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) in 2009. In addition sixteen more ships of similar size were ordered from Chinese and South Korean shipyards for other shipping companies, and chartered to Vale under long-term contracts. The first vessel was delivered in 2011 and the last in 2016.

The first Valemax vessels were ordered on 3 August 2008 when Vale signed a contract with the Chinese shipbuilder Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries (RSHI) for the construction of twelve 400,000-ton ore carriers. The development had reportedly started in 2007.

The first Chinese-built Valemax vessel, Vale China, was launched at the Nantong shipyard on 9 July 2011 and delivered on 25 November 2011.Valemax vessel would call a Chinese port on its maiden voyage,

The second RSHI-built Valemax ship for Vale (Vale Dongjiakou) was delivered on 9 April 2012,Vale Dalian) on 20 May,Vale Hebei) on 28 September,Vale Shandong) on 7 December 2012,Vale Jiangsu) on 23 March 2013,Vale Caofeidian) on 22 July 2013,Vale Lianyungang) on 22 November 2013,Ore Majishan; renamed before delivery) on 11 July 2014,Ore Tianjin; renamed before delivery) on 18 October 2014,Ore Rizhao; renamed before delivery) on 15 December 2014.Valemax vessel of the original order by Vale, Ore Ningbo (renamed before delivery), was delivered on 23 January 2015.

On 2 November 2008, Oman Shipping Company signed a framework agreement with RSHI for the construction of four 400,000-ton vessels to transport iron ore from Brazil to the Port of Sohar in Oman, where Vale is expected to open a steel plant in near future.Jazer, Yanqul, Al Kamil and Wafi,Vale Liwa, Vale Sohar, Vale Shinas and Vale Saham. The steel cutting ceremony for the first two vessels was held on 8 July 2010 and they were launched on 19 March 2012.Vale Liwa entered service in August 2012, followed by Vale Sohar in September 2012, Vale Saham in January 2013, and Vale Shinas in March 2013. The ships reportedly received additional strengthening due to the Vale Beijing incident.classification societies such as American Bureau of Shipping and Lloyd"s Register.

The Chinese shipbuilder"s ability to deliver any of the very large ore carriers ordered by Vale in time was doubted already before the first ship was built.Valemax vessels will be delivered from the Chinese shipyard in 2011 instead of the planned six due to delays in construction.Vale China) was delivered before the end of the year. Furthermore, later reports claimed that the ships ordered by Vale had a capacity of only 380,000 tons even though according to the Det Norske Veritas database entries all Chinese-built ships have a deadweight tonnage in excess of 400,000 tons and in the past Vale has referred to the ships ordered from Rongsheng as "400,000-ton" vessels. The reduction in cargo capacity, at least on paper, may have been due to the reluctance of Chinese officials to accept the 400,000-ton ships to Chinese ports.

In April 2012, it was reported that Vale had refused delivery for three Valemax ships recently completed by Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries. This was seen as a move against the Chinese officials who have not allowed the 400,000-ton ships to dock in Chinese ports.

In addition to the ships Vale ordered for itself, more ships of similar size were to be built for other shipping companies and chartered to Vale under exclusive long-term contracts. Eight very large ore carriers were ordered from the South Korean shipbuilder STX Offshore & Shipbuilding in Jinhae, South Korea (STX Jinhae), and Dalian, China (STX Dalian). The shipping company, STX Pan Ocean, signed a 25-year contract with Vale in 2009.Valemax vessels built by STX, 374,400 tons, is slightly smaller than that of the similar ships built by DSME and RSHI.

The first STX-built Valemax vessel, Vale Beijing, was delivered by STX Jinhae on 27 September 2011. Although another vessel was expected to take delivery later that year, only one ship was delivered. The second ship, Vale Qingdao, was delivered also by STX Jinhae on 13 April 2012,Vale Espirito Santo and Vale Indonesia, were built by STX Dalian and delivered on 17 September 2012 and 30 October 2012, respectively.Vale Fujiyama, was again built by STX Jinhae and delivered on 26 November 2012.Vale Tubarao, was delivered by STX Dalian on 30 January 2013.Vale Maranhao entered service on 29 August.

On 30 April 2007 Berge Bulk signed a contract with the Chinese shipbuilding company Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry for the construction of four 388,000-ton very large ore carriers. Although initially scheduled for delivery in 2010, the first vessel, Berge Everest, was delivered on 23 September 2011.Berge Aconcagua on 15 March 2012Berge Jaya on 12 June 2012.Berge Neblina, was initially also scheduled to be delivered in 2012, but entered service on 4 January 2013.

Had Vale not ordered the Valemax fleet in 2008, these ships would have become the largest bulk carriers in the world, surpassing Berge Bulk"s own Berge Stahl. The four ships have since been chartered by Vale and, despite slight differences in design and contract date predating that of the ships ordered by Vale, they are also referred to as Valemax vessels.

In March 2016, it was reported that three Chinese companies China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO), China Merchants Energy Shipping and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) had ordered ten Valemax vessels each from four Chinese shipyards with a total price of US$2.5 billion.Valemax ships ordered by China Merchants Energy Shipping would be built by Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding (4 ships), Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding (4 ships), and China Merchants Group-controlled China Merchants Heavy Industry (Jiangsu) (2 ships).Yangzijian Shipbuilding while the remaining four would be awarded to Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding.Valemax vessels, Yuan He Hai, was delivered on 11 January 2018

In December 2016, the Japanese shipping company NS United ordered a single 400,000DWT very large ore carrier from Japan Marine United after signing a 25-year contract with Vale. The vessel, which would become the first Valemax ship built in Japan, was delivered in December 2019 as

On 24 May 2011, Vale Brasil received her first cargo at the Brazilian port Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira, 391,000 tons of iron ore bound for Dalian in China.Atlantic Ocean in June after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and was rerouted to Taranto, Italy.Vale Brasil was not allowed to enter the Chinese port fully laden, but according to Vale the destination was changed due to commercial, not political reasons.Valemax vessels have unloaded at various ports, such as Dalian in China,Sohar in Oman,Rotterdam,Ōita in Japan,Dangjin in South Korea,Subic Bay in the Philippines.

On 31 January 2012, the Ministry of Commerce of the People"s Republic of China officially banned dry bulk carriers with capacity exceeding 300,000 tons from entering Chinese ports in order to protect the domestic freight industry. Prior to this, only one of the new very large ore carrier chartered by Vale, Berge Everest, had unloaded Brazilian iron ore at a Chinese port – the ship arrived at Dalian on 28 December 2011 – but this was assumed to be a bureaucratic fluke as no Chinese port has regulatory approval to receive dry bulk carriers of that size.

According to Vale, the discussions about allowing the Valemax ships to enter Chinese ports had been ongoing since the ban came into forceNingbo Port Company, the construction of the new port facilities would take two to three years, causing further delays for Vale which in the meantime is losing $2–3 per ton of ore due to the ban.Vale Malaysia became the first 400,000-ton Valemax vessel to call a Chinese port. The partially loaded ship docked at the port of Lianyungang en route from the Vale transshipment hub in Subic Bay, Philippines. However, at the time the Chinese officials had not yet lifted the ban for fully laden Valemax vessels.Valemax vessel to call a Chinese port since 2012, Shandong Da Ren, docked at the Dongjiakou port in Qingdao on 2 October 2014.

Originally, Vale planned to own and manage a fleet of 19 Valemax vessels by itself in order to control the wildly fluctuating charter prices for large bulk carriers which had dropped from US$233,988 per day in June 2008 to as low as US$2,400 by December of the same year. However, because of the global economic downturn and the reluctance of Chinese ports to accept the fully laden ships, the new board of directors decided to focus capital allocation to mining. As a result, Vale decided to sell the ships and charter them back under long-term contracts.

In September 2014, Vale signed a framework agreement for strategic co-operation in iron ore shipping with the state-owned China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO).Valemax vessels has been effectively lifted and fully laden ships have called Chinese ports.

In May 2015, four ships were sold China Ore Shipping Pte. Ltd, a joint venture between COSCO and China Shipping Development Company, for US$445 million.Valemax vessels to officially change ownership. Later, four more ships were sold to China Merchants Energy Shipping.Valemax ships owned by the mining company would be sold and leased back from the new owners.Valemax vessels were reportedly sold in December 2017.

The cause of the damage has not been published by STX, but design or construction flaws, material fatigue and incorrect loading have all been suspected.Vale Beijing remained anchored off Ponta da Madeira with a crawler crane on the deck and an oceangoing tug standing bySão Luís for Oman. After unloading at Sohar, the ship headed to South Korea for dry docking and arrived at STX shipyard in Jinhae, where it was delivered in September 2011, for inspection and repairs on 21 April 2012.Vale Beijing returned to service in July 2012.

Had Vale Beijing sunk at the pier instead of being moved to an anchorage area outside the port shortly after the leak was detected, the incident would have severely delayed the operations at the port which ships out about 10 percent of the world"s iron ore production.Vale Beijing delayed the loading of only 750,000 tons of iron ore,Trade Daring, a 145,000 DWT ore-bulk-oil carrier, broke in two at the same location due to incorrect loading, blocking the deepwater pier of Ponta da Madeira for more than six weeks before the wreck was removed and scuttled offshore.

After the incident, the China Shipowners" Association (CSA) questioned the safety of the 400,000-ton ore carriers commissioned by Vale. CSA was particularly concerned about the ability of the newly built ships to withstand various sea conditions and the pollution resulting from fuel oil leaks in case of structural damageValemax ship can carry around 10,000 tons of fuel oil.port of Lianyungang in the Jiangsu province.

All Valemax vessels, with the exception of those owned and operated by Berge Bulk, were initially given names consisting of the word Vale and a place name, either one related to the mining operations of Vale S.A. in Brazil or a potential destination for the new iron ore carriers. However, none of the original 35 Valemax vessels retains its original name.

When Vale signed a $500 million contract with the Chinese shipping company Shandong Shipping for the operation of four Valemax vessels, the ships were given new names beginning with Shandong.Valemax vessels were sold to China Ore Shipping, the vessels were given names beginning with Yuan and ending with Hai.Valemax vessels were given names starting with Pacific after Vale sold the ships to China Merchants Energy Shipping.

Additionally, a number of Valemax vessels have been renamed by replacing Vale with Ore or Sea but retaining the second part of the name. Vale Sohar, Vale Saham, Vale Liwa and Vale Shinas have also been renamed Sohar Max, Saham Max, Liwa Max and Shinas Max, respectively.

Vale Sohar, built by Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries (RSHI), awaiting delivery for Oman Shipping Company in Nantong, China, in September 2012. Note the minor differences to the South Korean-built Vale Rio de Janeiro.

Although similar in size, there are some differences in main dimensions, cargo capacity, machinery and external appearance between the Valemax ships built in South Korea, China and Japan. While the first series of 35 ships was more diverse, all 30 Chinese-built Valemax vessels of the second series are based on the same standard design, SDARI 400OC, by Shanghai Merchant Ship Design & Research Institute (SDARI).G400OC.

Valemax ships are 360 to 362 metres (1,181 to 1,188 ft) long,draught of between 22 and 23 metres (72 and 75 ft) while loaded, the ships are limited only to a few deepwater ports in Brazil, Europe and China.Valemax ships is about 65 metres (213 ft).Chinamax vessels.

Like most modern bulk carriers, Valemax vessels are powered by a single two-stroke low-speed crosshead diesel engine directly coupled to a fixed-pitch propeller. The ships built by DSME and STX in South Korea are powered by 7-cylinder MAN B&W 7S80ME-C8 and 7S80ME-C engines, respectively, and the ships built by RSHI and Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry have Wärtsilä 7RT-flex82T and 7RT-flex84T engines, respectively.maximum continuous rating of around 29,000 kW (39,000 hp) when turning the 10-metre (33 ft) propeller at 76–78 rpm, giving the ships a service speed of around 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) while burning almost 100 tons of heavy fuel oil per day.cargo ton-mile are very low and thus the Valemax vessels are in fact among the most efficient long-distance dry bulk carriers in service – Vale has reported a 35% drop in emissions per ton of cargo carried in comparison to older ships.

The new ships are considerably larger than the previous record holder, 364,767-ton Berge Stahl, which had been the largest bulk carrier in the world since it was built in 1986. While the draft of the old vessel is the same as that of the Valemax vessels — 23 metres (75 ft) — the new ships are 20 metres (66 ft) longer and 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) wider than the old freighter, and can carry about 10% more cargo.

The Valemax vessels are also the second largest ships in service by deadweight tonnage, second only to the TI-class supertankers that have a deadweight tonnage of over 440,000 tons.Knock Nevis in the adjacent image), built in 1979 and broken up in 2009, was 458.46 metres (1,504.1 ft) long and had a deadweight tonnage of 564,650 tonscontainer ship

Vale"s decision to construct a fleet of 400,000-ton ore carriers was widely criticized by other shipping companies. The new Valemax ships, expected to cut the company"s transportation costs by 20–25%,financial crisis. The freight rates, down 80% from 2008, were expected to drop further down to the levels of 1977.BIMCO, the Valemax vessels could displace up to 168 150,000–180,000-ton capesize bulk carriers, around 15% of the existing fleet, from the long haul voyages and force them to less profitable shorter routes.

Vale also faced opposition from the China Shipowners" Association which claimed that the Brazilian mining company is seeking to control the freight market as it has already done with the iron ore prices. In the past, the Chinese ports were not allowed to increase their capacity to more than 300,000 tons for dry bulk carriers due to safety and environmental concerns. If the 400,000-ton Valemax vessels are allowed to Chinese ports, Vale"s monopoly on the route may result in losses for other shipping companies operating capesize ore carriers.Vale Brasil was diverted to Italy on her maiden voyage, there was speculation that the domestic steel industry of China had urged the authorities to protect their commercial interests.

As a precaution against prolonged ban of Valemax vessels from the Chinese ports, Vale started constructing both land- and offshore-based transshipment hubs where iron ore can be loaded to smaller ships for final delivery. Ore Fabrica, a 280,000 DWT crude oil tanker converted in China, arrived at Subic Bay, Philippines, in late January 2012.Ore Sossego, entered service in 2013.Zhang Shouguo, who called it "waste of resource" and questioned Vale"s ability to run the fleet as properly as professional shipping companies.Ore Fabrica and Ore Sossego were sold for scrap.

In May 2012, the largest Chinese operator of dry bulk carriers, state-owned China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO), claimed that Vale had refused to use the company"s ships since March as a protest against banning the Valemax vessels from Chinese ports. Vale has refused to give comments on the issue.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the former president of Brazil, also publicly criticized Vale"s former CEO Roger Agnelli for the decision of ordering ships from Asian shipyards instead of building them in Brazil, where Lula da Silva has been trying to revitalize the shipbuilding industry to create more jobs and increase local demand for steel and other products. Agnelli, who later left his position following continued criticism, replied that the Brazilian shipyards did not have the capacity to build such ships and stated that during the past few years Vale had commissioned 51 vessels from Brazilian shipyards.

Sultanate and Brazil, Agreement to Lease four ships for Steel Ore. Oman Shipping Company News Press Releases, 2 November 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2011