gardner denver rotary table free sample

In the art of earth drilling apparatus the efficient handling of the elongated sectional drill pipe members has been a problem of longstanding. In so-called rotary drilling the type of apparatus known in the art as a top drive has been developed to overcome certain problems associated with rotary drive devices which are mounted at the base of the drill rig, and otherwise known as rotary table drives. In top drive rigs the drill string rotating mechanism usually comprises an integral part of a head which is connected to the upper end of the drill string and is mounted for reciprocal traversal of a mast or drill tower to feed the drill string into the drill hole being formed and to hoist the drill string out of the drill hole. Rotary top drives eliminate the need for the special elongated drive member or kelly normally used with rotary table drive arrangements and thereby simplify the process of adding sectional drill pipe members with respect to the drill string. For example, when adding drill pipe to the drill string it is not necessary to first remove a kelly from the string each time a sectional pipe member is connected to the drill string, and the problem of a hole cave-in is avoided because the lower end of the drill string does not have to be raised a substantial distance off the bottom of the hole before a section of pipe is added. Moreover, in some earth formations it is often desirable to rotate the drill string while removing the same from the drill hole and such operation is not possible or at least becomes more complicated with rotary table type drive mechanisms.

The rotary table type of drive arrangement does offer certain advantages, namely, rotary table drive mechanisms are usually adapted to be used as a wrench for breaking out or disconnecting the joints between sectional pipe members. Furthermore, rotary table drives are more desirable for use on drilling rigs for drilling holes of substantial depth because greater rotational effort or torque is required and it is desirable to place the rotary drive mechanism on the base of the mast or on a lower portion thereof so as not to impose large twisting forces plus the weight of the rotary drive mechanism itself on the upper portions of the mast or tower.

Because of the abovementioned problems associated with conventional top drive and rotary table drive arrangements prior art drilling rigs have not been a versatile or as efficient as is desired, particularly rigs built for drilling holes within a wide range of hole depths.

The present invention is directed to an improved earth drilling rig which is provided with a rotary drive mechanism comprising a unit which is adapted to be drivingly connected to the upper end of a drill string, to traverse the mast or drill tower to operate as a so-called top drive arrangement for drilling, and to be disposed on the lower end of the mast to operate as a rotary table type drive for drilling and for breaking out the threaded joint connections between sectional members of the drill string. The improved drill rig of the present invention also includes a drill string coupling member mounted on a head which is connected to pulldown and hoisting mechanism mounted in the mast. The head is adapted to be connected to the rotary drive unit for effecting movement of the drive unit along the mast and for providing a coupling to transmit rotation from the drive unit to the drill string.

The drilling rig of the present invention is also provided with a mast and associated pulldown and hoisting mechanism which is adapted to park the swivel and head in a position which will permit hoisting long strings of drill pipe from the drill hole by block and tackle means disposed on the mast and suitable for being operated in combination with the rotary drive unit to remove sectional drill pipe members from the drill string in a more rapid manner.

The drilling rig of the present invention includes apparatus in combination which provides for improved handling of sectional drill pipe members to enable faster and more effective drilling operations to be carried out for drilling holes within a considerable range of hole depth. The drilling rig of the present invention is provided with apparatus which enables the rig to be operated as a top drive type drill or as a rotary table type drill, as desired, whereby advantages of both types of apparatus may be enjoyed. Furthermore, the novel combination of elements in the drill rig of the present invention provides a more versatile and superior earth drilling apparatus than has been heretofore known.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings the rotary earth drilling rig of the present invention is generally designated by the numeral 20. The drill rig 20 includes a self-propelled wheeled carrier 22 upon which is mounted suitable engine means and drive mechanism for driving suitable power transmission means such as hydraulic pumps 24 and the like. The carrier 22 also has disposed thereon an air compressor housed within an enclosure 26 and a high pressure pump 28 for providing chip evacuating fluids as needed. Such equipment as aforementioned is conventional on rotary earth drilling rigs and will therefore not be described in further detail.

Referring to FIGS. 4 through 8, the mast 30 is characterized by conventional built-up truss type construction to form an elongated boxlike frame. Longitudinal beam members 42 are interconnected by suitable braces 44 and 46. One side, referred to as the front of the mast is open to permit the traversal therealong of a pulldown head and rotary drive unit to be described in further detail herein. Referring particularly to FIGS. 7 and 8 the mast 30 also includes a pair of spaced apart and parallel tracks 48 formed by channel members fastened to and running longitudinally along the members 42. Near the upper end of the mast 30 the tracks include portions 49 which turn inward into the mast at an angle with respect to the track portions 48 and the members 42, as shown in FIG. 4.

The drill rig 20 includes a pulldown head generally designated by numeral 50 which is disposed on the mast to be guided along the tracks 48. As shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 14 the pulldown head comprises a somewhat V-shaped frame member 52 upon which is mounted a swivel unit 54. The swivel unit 54 rotatably supports a relatively short cylindrical sub 56 and a rotary coupling 58 adapted to be connected to suitable conduit means, not shown, for conducting drill cuttings evacuation fluid through the swivel unit and to the drill string. The frame member 52 includes two oppositely projecting trunnions 60 mounted thereon. As shown by way of example in FIG. 14 each trunnion 60 supports a pair of spaced apart guide rollers 62 mounted on suitable supports 64 which are pivotally mounted on the ends of the trunnions. The rollers 62 are engageable with opposite sides of the tracks for guiding the head 50 along the mast 30. The trunnions 60 project through and are connected to vertically disposed members 66 which are connected at each end to flexible members in the form of roller type chains 68 and 70 which form part of a pulldown and hoisting mechanism for the head 50.

A suitable hydraulic circuit including controls therefor is connected to the cylinders 72 for introducing hydraulic fluid thereto to extend the piston rods 80 to effect operation of the chains 70 to pull the head 50 down the mast 30 to thereby exert a controlled downthrust or pulldown on a drill string connected to the head. Accordingly, retraction of the piston rods 80 will effect a raising of the head 50 up the mast and, if desired, into a retracted and parked position, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 9, whereby the head will be clear of the centerline or drilling axis of the drill string.

An auxiliary hoist apparatus is also disposed on the mast 30 and comprises a hoist cable 124 connected to a winch 126 and trained over sheaves 128 and 130 which are mounted on a support 132 on top of the mast. The support 132 projects out over the front of the mast to provide clearance between section of drill pipe hung from the cable 124 and the head 50 when the latter is not parked in the position of FIG. 4. The free end of the cable 124 has a hook 134 disposed thereon for connecting the cable to a sling 136, shown in FIG. 15, or to another suitable pipe pickup device. Referring to FIG. 15 one of the sectional drill pipe members 38 is shown with the sling 136 comprising a cable 140 with a shackle 142 at the top end thereof for connection to the auxiliary hoist cable hook 134. The cable 140 passes through a hole in the arm 144 of a tubular sleeve 146 which may be disposed over the upper end of the section of pipe 38 in a close fitting but freely slidable relationship thereto. A hook 148 at the lower end of the cable 140 may be disposed in the bore of the pipe 38 as shown. When the cable 140 is under tension the sleeve 146 becomes frictionally engaged with the section of pipe 38 whereby the auxiliary hoist may be operated to pick up a section of pipe out of the tray 36 and raise the section of pipe to a substantially vertical position whereupon the section of pipe may be further handled by apparatus to be described herein. When the section of pipe is in a substantially vertical position and tension on the cable 140 is released the sleeve 145 will slide down the section of pipe 38 so that the sleeve and the hook 148 can be removed from the pipe.

The cylinders 166 on the arms 158 are operable to actuate the jaws 164 to clamp and hold a sectional drill pipe member 38 as shown in FIG. 1. When the cylinders 166 are actuated to clamp a drill pipe member the conical disk springs 174 are deflected and thereby exert a force on the jaws 164 tending to keep them closed. Accordingly, even if there is some unwanted relaxation of the hydraulic fluid pressure in the cylinders 166 the springs 174 will tend to cause a substantial force to be exerted on the jaws 164 to hold a section of drill pipe therein. The arms 158 may be swung by the cylinder 156 between a position in line with the drilling axis 123 of the drill string, as shown in phantom in FIG. 10, and one or more retracted positions as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. The arms 158 may be positioned substantially directly beneath the sheave 130 of the auxiliary hoisting tackle for receiving a section of drill pipe between the jaws 162 and 164. Suitable controls of a conventional type, not shown, may be used to actuate the cylinder 156 and the cylinder actuators 166.

An important part of the present invention comprises the particular arrangement of a rotary drive unit shown in FIGS. 4, 7, 8, and 11 and generally designated by the numeral 180. The drive unit 180 comprises a housing 182 which is shown in section in FIG. 7 to illustrate a drive member 184 rotatably mounted within the housing on suitable bearings. The drive member 184 is in the form of a hollow tube having a relatively large bore 185 and a polygonal recess 186 in which is removably disposed an interfitting drive member comprising a collar 188. The drive member 184 includes a sprocket 190 which is engaged with an endless chain 192 which in turn is drivenly connected to a reversible hydraulic motor 194 mounted on the housing 182 as shown in FIG. 8. The collar 188 is fixed to the sub 56 for rotatably driving the sub in response to rotation of the drive member 184. The sub 56 is threadedly connected to a coupling 187 which includes members 189 and 191 provided with interfitting splines which permit limited axial movement between the members to allow for the necessary axial movement between the coupling 187 and a sectional drill pipe member, not shown, when said member is being threadedly coupled or uncoupled with respect to the head 50.

The housing 182 is removably fastened to a pair of oppositely extending guide shoes 196 which are adapted to retain the drive unit 180 between the tracks 48 for traversing movement therealong. In FIG. 13 one of the guide shoes 196 is shown in plan view and is formed to have a recess 198 in which the track 48 is disposed whereby the guide shoe may be guided along the track. The guide shoes 196 also include a vertical opening 200 through which the pulldown chains 70 may run. Removable pins 202 are operable to interconnect the members 66 with the drive unit 180, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 13, whereby the drive unit may be operated to traverse the mast 30 with the head 50 for operation on the drill rig 20 as a so-called rotary top drive, that is the driving of the drill string substantially from the upper or top end thereof. Conversely, the drive unit 180 may be lowered to a transverse deck member 204 which is generally at the lower end of the mast 30 as shown in FIG. 11 and left there by removal of the pins 202 whereby the head 50 may be operated to traverse the mast 30 independently of the drive unit. Accordingly, depending on the disposition of the drive unit 180 the drill rig 20 may be operated to drive a drill string from substantially the upper or top end thereof as will be appreciated from further description of the drive unit hereinbelow, or with the drive unit disposed on the deck 204 it may be used as a so-called rotary table drive.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 12 there is shown a collar or bushing generally designated by the numeral 224. The bushing 224 is formed of two identical parts 226 which, when assembled or placed together as shown, form a central bore 228 and a depending polygonal portion 230 which is proportioned to be inserted in the recess 186 in the rotary drive member 184 in place of the collar 188 when the drive unit 180 is disposed on the deck 204 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 11. The bushing 224 includes a pair of spaced apart tabs 232 which guide and retain a removable pipe holding wrench 234, shown in FIG. 12. The wrench 234 includes a handle portion 235 which is adapted to receive one end of a tubular handle extension member 237, shown in FIG. 12, for use with the wrench as explained hereinbelow. The holding wrench 234 is characterized by an open ended slot 236 to provide for inserting the wrench into cooperating flat sided recesses 139 which are formed in the outside wall of the sections of drill pipe 38, as shown in FIG. 15. The sectional drill pipe members 38 may be of the conventional hollow steel tube type having an externally threaded lower end or pin 141 and an internally threaded upper end or box 143.

Preparatory to commencement of drilling operations the rig 20 will be moved to the drilling location, jacks 250 will be lowered to stabilize and support the rig and the mast 30 will be raised to the position shown in FIG. 1. The head 50 and the rotary drive unit 180 will be coupled together and raised up the mast sufficiently high enough to permit positioning a section of drill pipe under the coupling member 187 for connection thereto. The sling 136 will be connected to a section of drill pipe in the manner shown in FIG. 15 and the auxiliary hoist cable 124 will be connected to the sling and operated to raise the drill pipe from its stored position in the tray 36 to a substantially vertical hanging position. The actuator 156 will then be operated to swing the positioning mechanism 150 into position whereby the jaws 164 may be operated to close and grip the section of drill pipe hanging from the hoist cable 124. When the positioning mechanism 150 has clamped the pipe section of drill tightly tension on the hoist cable 124 is released and the positioning mechanism is swung into position wherein the section of pipe is directly beneath or aligned with the coupling member 187, as shown in FIG. 16. The head 50 is then lowered and the drive unit 180 is rotated to threadedly couple the section of pipe to the coupling member 187. The head 50 is normally lowered sufficiently to telescope the members 189 and 191 with respect to each other upon engagement of the top end of the pipe so that during the screwing-in operation the cooperating threads will not be damaged.

When it is desired to remove a long drill string from the drill hole the head 50 and rotary drive unit 180 will be operated to drill with the drill string until the drive unit is just above the deck 204. Then the bushing 224 will be removed from the socket 205 and drilling will resume until the drive unit 180 engages the deck 204. With the drive unit 180 situated on the deck 204, as shown in FIG. 18, the pins 202 will be removed from the members 66 and the head 50 will be raised up to disengage the collar 188 from the recess 186 in the drive member 184 and also just high enough to place the recesses 139 on the uppermost section of pipe in position to be held by the wrench 234. As shown in FIG. 18 the bushing 224 is placed in the recess 186 on the drive unit 180 and the wrench 234 is inserted to hold the top end of the drill string in the drive unit 180. The breakout wrench 210 is clamped on the sub 56 and the rotary drive unit 180 is then operated to rotate the drill string to disconnect the head from the drill string. When the threaded connection between the coupling member 187 and the drill string is broken the breakout wrench 210 is released and the head 50 is then raised up the mast and into the parked position as shown in FIGS. 4, 9, and 19.

It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art of rotary drilling that, if desired, the drive unit 180 may be disposed on the deck 204 and used as a so-called rotary table type drive. In such operation a conventional polygonal cross section elongated drive member or kelly can be connected to the head 50, and a cooperating drive bushing suitable for rotating the kelly may be disposed in the recess 186 in the drive member 184. Moreover, there is a need to drive large tube or casing into a drill hole as it is being formed or once the hole is completed and before the rig is removed from the drilling site. Thanks to the relatively large bore 185 formed in the drive member 184 the drive unit 180 may be left on the deck 204 and the casing passed through the drive member while being axially driven by the head 50. Suitable means adapted to engage the upper end of a section of casing could be used on the head 50 in place of the coupling member 187.

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Our direct drive rotary tables provide high torque and are easy to integrate. They contain high-energy magnets in a simplified mechanical design and drive loads directly without the need for a transmission mechanism or gearbox. It allows customers to build them right into a drive system for flexible placement and integration with cooling pipes and cables, for example.

We supply a wide range of frameless motors, and our adjustable motors include an optical encoder, scale, bearing and housing. Given our selection, it can be challenging to choose the best direct drive motor for your project. Our engineers prefer to help you find the right rotary table for your requirements.

Our most popular rotary motor, the AXD series is characterized by a slim, compact "pancake" design with high peak and continuous torque despite the motor"s quite small form factor.Direct drive and brushless motor

The ACD series is a set of ironless rotary tables. This motor is cogging-free and features high-resolution optical encoder feedback and low speed variability. This permanent magnet motor is equally suited for either low or high speed applications.Zero cogging coreless motor

In this simple diagram of a drilling rig, #20 (in blue) is the rotary table. The drill string, while the rotary table rotates it. (Note: Force is not actually applied from the top (as to push) but rather the weight is at the bottom of the drill string like a pendulum on a string.)

A rotary table is a mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise (as viewed from above) rotational force to the drill string to facilitate the process of drilling a borehole. Rotary speed is the number of times the rotary table makes one full revolution in one minute (rpm).

The rotary table is also called a turntable. Most rotary tables are chain driven. These chains resemble very large bicycle chains. The chains require constant oiling to prevent burning and seizing. Virtually all rotary tables are equipped with a rotary lock". Engaging the lock can either prevent the rotary from turning in one particular direction, or from turning at all. This is commonly used by crews in lieu of using a second pair of tongs to makeup or break out pipes. The rotary bushings are located at the center of the rotary table. These can generally be removed in two separate pieces to facilitate large items, e.g. drill bits, to pass through the rotary table. The large gap in the center of the rotary bushings is referred to as the "bowl" due to its appearance. The bowl is where the slips are set to hold up the drill string during connections and pipe trips as well as the point the drill string passes through the floor into the wellbore. The rotary bushings connect to the kelly bushings to actually induce the spin required for drilling.

Most recently manufactured rigs no longer feature rotary drives. These newer rigs have opted for top drive technology. In top drive, the drill string is turned by mechanisms located in the top drive that is attached to the blocks. There is no need for the swivel because the top drive does all the necessary actions. The top drive does not eliminate the kelly bar and the kelly bushings.