anderson greenwood crosby safety valve pricelist

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At almost every show I attend, I ask a few engine owners and operators if they are satisfied with their new-style safety valves. It would be only a small exaggeration to say that I get just two responses. “I have been using a new-style valve for 15 years and I haven’t had any trouble with it” or “They are junk!” I have cleaned up the second response to spare the reader the unpleasant expletives.

As the result of these conversations, I have attempted to understand why there is such a discrepancy between the reactions to modern safety valves. It now appears that there are a few simple steps we can take when purchasing and installing these valves that might improve our satisfaction with the new-style valves, which are the only ones currently available.

To understand the issues involved in the selection of a safety valve, it is necessary to review the history of safety valves used on hand-fired boilers. I am referring to hand-fired boilers rather than historical boilers because the issues are determined by how the boilers are fired, not how they are constructed or how old they are. The requirements for a modern welded boiler made to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code are the same as for a 100-year-old riveted boiler, if both boilers are hand-fired. The requirements for a safety valve for a boiler that is automatically fired are dramatically different.

With automatic firing, the safety valve’s function as defined by Anderson Greenwood Crosby, a manufacturer of modern safety valves, is to protect life and property if all other safety measures fail. A safety valve on a hand-fired boiler, as defined by ASME almost a hundred years ago, is to give notice of the highest pressure permissible and to give alarm that more water or less fuel is needed. (The evolution of the purpose of the safety valve is summarized in “The Purpose of a Safety Valve,” at the end of this article.)

When hand-fired boilers, such as found on traction engines, steam cranes and locomotives disappeared, most of the boilers that remained were automatically fired. The safety valve manufacturers adapted their designs accordingly. The old-style valves with bottom guided, beveled seats were capable of withstanding vibration and operating near their setpoint, and were replaced by smaller top-guided valves with flat seats.

At the same time, steam system designs were adapted so there was no need to operate within 10 percent of the setpoint of the safety valve. Not all old-style valves had beveled seats, but the ones that didn’t were designed much differently from the modern flat-seated valves.

When I speak of a modern-style safety valve, I am referring to a valve shown in the second diagram of this article’s image gallery. An example of an old-style safety valve can also be seen in the image gallery. Changes in the design of safety valves had a dramatic effect on their capacity in pounds of steam per hour. If a boiler built in 1920 required a valve capable of releasing 1,000 pounds of steam per hour at a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch, it would have been equipped with a 2-inch safety valve. Today, 3/4-inch valves are available to release that much steam at that pressure.

The evolution of the safety valve did not end with the development of the modern, flat-seated valve. In the last 20 years, the design of safety valves has continued to evolve.

In 1985, a new-style 3/4-inch valve set at 150 pounds per square inch could have a capacity of 1,497 pounds of steam per hour. In 2002 this same valve could have a capacity of 1,651 pounds of steam per hour.

From 1914 until 1998, the blowdown allowed by the ASME boiler code was 2 to 4 percent of the setpoint. In 1998, this was changed to allow the blowdown to be as high as 6 percent. Beginning with the 2004 ASME code, there is no limit on blowdown. The code has not required that the amount of blowdown be stamped on a safety valve since 1986.

When I asked owners and operators how well they liked their new-style safety valves, I was not aware of the need to ask about the age of the valve. Instead, I would ask about the amount of blowdown. In almost every case, the people who were satisfied had valves that would blowdown 4 percent or less. It appears that this is almost the same as if I had asked the age of the valve. If the valve were purchased prior to 1998, it would have been set for 4 percent blowdown. If purchased after that date, unless specified otherwise, it would have been set for 6 percent. The change from 4 to 6 percent causes a 50 percent increase in the amount the pressure changes in a boiler each time the valve pops. The resulting increase in the flexing of the components of the boiler may be associated with a corresponding increase in seepage at stay bolts and tubes.

When you order a new safety valve, you will need to provide four pieces of information: the setpoint, the capacity in pounds of steam per hour, the blowdown and the requirement that the valve be stamped with the ASME “V” stamp. If you specify the pipe size, you may get a valve with far too much capacity, as I have already explained. To determine the capacity you need, do not use the capacity stamped on the old valve. First, if the valve has been replaced, it might not be the right capacity. Secondly, the capacity stamped on the valve is probably the capacity of the smallest valve available and might be significantly larger than the required capacity.

As I talked to many owners, they would offer other comments regarding their valves. One comment I heard from several owners who were satisfied with the new-style valves was that their valves were larger in pounds per hour than the minimum required by the ASME code. I am not certain as to exactly how the capacity affects the operation of the valve. What I do know is the larger the valve, the more force it takes to raise it off its seat. The force of the steam on the boiler-side of the valve cannot overcome the force of the spring in the safety valve until the pressure in the boiler rises to the setpoint of the valve.

When this happens, the valve pops open. It seems the larger diameter, and thus the greater forces, may result in more stable operation of the valve near its setpoint. There is a concern in the boiler code that safety valves should not be so large that water is drawn out of the boiler. It would seem, because of the relatively small size of portable and traction boilers, the pressure would drop so quickly that little water, if any, would be lost. I have seen boilers where the owners have installed modern safety valves of the same pipe size as the old style valves installed by the factory. The capacity of these valves was far greater than I believe anyone would recommend, but I am not aware that they caused water to be discharged from the boiler. It is important to be careful when sizing a safety valve. I suggest owners talk to each other and share their experiences before making such a decision.

If you would prefer to have a top-discharge safety valve, which looks more authentic, shop around. They are available in a few sizes. You might also want to consider specifying that the valve have a non-metallic seat.

When installing a safety valve, do not install any fitting smaller than the inlet to the valve and do not install any kind of valve between the safety valve and the boiler. Examples of what not to do can be seen in the image gallery. Do not use a pipe wrench on a safety valve, it can damage or destroy the valve.

Once you have carefully selected your safety valve and have installed it on your boiler, it is important to verify the setpoint and the blowdown have been set according to your specifications. The first step in this process is to have the accuracy of your steam gauge checked with a dead-weight gauge tester. If your gauge does not agree with the setpoint of your new safety valve do not assume that the gauge is wrong.

Do not use the lifting lever to lift the valve from its seat until the boiler pressure is up to 75 percent of the setpoint of the valve. If the valve is lifted from its seat at a lower pressure, any dirt or foreign material in the valve might not be blown clear of the seat and could damage the seats when the valve closes.

Because new-style safety valves are not designed to be operated within 10 percent of their setpoint, many owners have elected to install the new valve along with an old-style valve. In doing so, the old style valve operates in the range of 5 to 10 percent below the setpoint of the new valve. With this arrangement, the new valve satisfies the code requirements while the old-style valve performs the function for which it was designed. Two possible arrangements can be seen in the image gallery.

In response to complaints from owners of historical boilers who had recently purchased new safety valves, Dean Jagger, Ohio’s chief boiler inspector, requested that the National Board test valves from the manufacturer to determine if the valves complied with the requirements of the ASME boiler code. As a result of these tests the Ohio Department of Commerce issued a safety notice:

“The State of Ohio Boiler Division has been made aware of the fact that some recently purchased Kunkle safety valves, which were assembled by Allied Industries, have been tested by the National Board Testing Laboratory and found not to be in compliance. The tests indicated that the valves blowdown and setpoint pressure settings were out of tolerance as established by Section I of the ASME Boiler Code.”

This may be an indication that all of the problems with modern safety valves are not entirely the result of design issues, but insufficient oversight of manufacturing and quality control processes may also be a factor. A new valve may be “junk” as has been so often alleged.

The errors found by the National Board Laboratories were significant. One of the valves was stamped 165 psi but popped low at 148.8 psi. Another was stamped 150 psi and popped high at 164.5 psi. On the other three valves the pop was consistent with the setting stamped on the valve. The 2001 edition of the ASME Boiler Code specifies that for pressures from 70 to 300 psi the tolerance, plus or minus from the set pressure, shall not exceed 3 percent of the set pressure. The 165 psi valve popped 9.6 percent below the set pressure stamped on the valve, and the 150 psi valve popped 9.7 percent above the set pressure stamped on the valve.

The blowdowns on all of the valves that were tested were out of tolerance. The 2001 edition of the ASME Boiler Code specifies that for pressures from 67 to 250 psi the blowdown shall not be greater than 6 percent of the set pressure. With such a wide range of variations in both setpoint and blowdown, in a sample of just five valves, it seems reasonable to suspect that even greater variations may exist. The results of the tests are shown in the image gallery.

Complaints about quality problems are not limited to the five valves recently tested by the National Board; for example, an engine owner told me of purchasing a new 1-1/4-inch valve stamped 175 psi. When installed on a traction engine, the valve consistently popped at 185 psi and blew down 15 psi. (A pressure of 11.1 psi equals the allowed 6 percent.) The manufacturer told the owner that the valve had been tested properly prior to shipment but accepted it back. The owner had verified the accuracy of the pressure gauge prior to contacting the manufacturer.

The ASME and National Board procedures for safety valves merely confirm the adequacy of the design of the valve and do not assure the adequacy of production and quality control practices. Each boiler owner and operator must carefully confirm the accuracy of the setpoint and blowdown on every safety valve and not rely on the ASME and National Board stamps as assurances of quality. At this time, I have no reason to believe the monitoring of the ASME and National Board requirements at other valve manufacturers and assemblers is any different than what existed at Kunkle and Allied.

One scenario that concerns me is the owner who installs a new safety valve on his boiler and, seeing that the pop does not coincide with the reading on his 80- or 100-year-old gauge, decides that obviously his gauge must be wrong. This is a conclusion I am sure I would have considered when I first began my study of safety valves.

Incorrect settings of safety valves are more likely to be detected when the valves are used on hand-fired boilers than when used on modern boilers. If the controls on a modern boiler are to limit the pressure to 10 percent or more below the setpoint of the safety valve, the valve can be set as much as 10 percent below its rating and the error might not be apparent. Errors above the setpoint also wouldn’t be obvious even if the boiler were operated up to the setpoint stamped on the valve. Also, incorrect setting of the blowdown would not be apparent until the valve had operated.

1909: “The function of the safety valve is two fold: (A) it gives notice of the highest pressure permissible; (B) it gives alarm that more water or less fuel is needed.”

Today: “A PRV (pressure relief valve) is a safety device intended to protect life and property if all other safety measures fail.” – Anderson Greenwood Crosby, 2001 (safety valve manufactuer)

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High Gain Modulating Action available on 400 Series pilots providing full main valve lift by 5% overpressure while minimizing product loss during relief events.

EMERSON. CROSBY H-SERIES DIRECT SPRING SAFETY VALVESDirect spring safety valves that provide comprehensive overpressure protection for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I, and Section VIII steam safety applicationsFEATURES HCI ISOFLEX" • ASME/NB certified capacities for steam. • Set and tested on steam. • Full nozzle flanged option. • Restricted lift for customized capacity. • Long service life. • Low maintenance. • Two ring set pressure and blowdown control. • ISOFLEX seat tightness up to 93%. For seat tightness greater than 93% consult factory. TECHNICAL DATA GENERAL APPLICATION H-Series direct spring operated safety valves are the proven solution for comprehensive overpressure protection on steam safety applications including economizers, steam drums, superheaters, reheaters and more. Sizes: Orifices: Connections: Temperature range: Set pressures: IVi" F IV2" to 6" RR 10" 0.307 to 19.29 in2 (1.98 to 124.45 cm2) Flanged or welded inlet 1120 °F (604 °C) 15 to 5000 psig (1 to 345 barg) Code: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I, and Section VIII Emerson.com/FinalControl © 2017 Emerson. All Rights Reserved VCTDS-00595-EN 17/11

Complete overpressure protection for ASME B&PVC Section I A complete safety valve package for utility and industrial steam generators and steam systems. • Boilers with design pressures to 3000 psig (207 barg). • Valves designed to increase plant up-times, extend maintenance intervals and increase total valve life. Steam System Components 7. Boiler feed water pump 8. Cold reheat inlet VALVE SELECTION APPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDED™ VALVE SELECTION NOTES 1. Selection matrix shows valves in optimum locations - Styles HSJ and HCI may be interchanged to suit a specific application or to obtain a...

STYLE HE ISOFLEX® Style HE ISOFLEX® safety valves are high pressure, high capacity reaction type valves designed specifically for saturated steam service on boiler drums with design pressures above 2000 psig (138 barg) up to critical pressure. FEATURES TECHNICAL DATA • Extends Up-time - ISOFLEX® seat tightness to 93% of set pressure ensures maximum generating times, extending maintenance intervals. For seat tightness greater than 93% consult factory. • Reduces Maintenance Costs - Exceptional seat tightness minimizes maintenance resources and repair times and reduces spare parts purchase and...

PRODUCT OVERVIEW The HE ISOFLEX incorporates our latest field proven seat tightness design which allows boilers to operate close to set pressure without leakage across the valve seat. The HE ISOFLEX also has a unique patented eductor control that permits the valve to attain full capacity lift at a pressure 3% above popping pressure to the requirements of Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. APPLICATION The HE ISOFLEX safety valve is a high pressure, high capacity reaction type valve, designed specifically for saturated steam service on boiler drums having design pressures...

CROSBY H-SERIES STYLE HE ISOFLEX 28 Part name Body Nozzle Nozzle ring Nozzle ring set screw Disc insert Disc holder Disc holder retaining nut Eductor Guide ring Guide ring set screw Spindle assembly Piston Piston retaining ring Spindle nut Bonnet Bonnet studs Bonnet stud nuts Material Carbon steel SA-216 Gr. WCC Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Inconel® Nickel alloy Stainless steel Nickel alloy Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Nickel alloy Steel Steel Carbon steel SA-216 Gr. WCC Alloy steel SA-193 Gr. B7 Steel SA-194 Gr. 2H Bottom spring washer Top spring...

2500 psig maximum pressure 1. These style designations are for standard welded inlets. For optional CL 2500 flanged inlet valves, the "W" is dropped from the style designation. 2. Weld prep per customer"s specifications. Safety valves must be mounted on a nozzle with an inlet diameter equal to or greater than the nominal valve inlet size, dimension A. See ASME boiler and pressure vessel code Section I and ANSI/ASME B31.1 for recommended installation. 3. Bolt holes straddle centerline on flanged connections. 4. Dismantling height: an additional 20 inches (508 mm) is required. Drain: main...

1 Increases Operating Efficiency Sizes: - Restricted Lift Option for customized capacity, reduced reaction forces, and boiler design standardization Orifices: - Seat tightness up to 93% of valve set pressure. For seat tightness greater than Connections: 93% consult factory - Two ring control to adjust overpressure and Maximum blowdown independently temperature: - May also be used for ASME Boiler and Maximum Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII off boiler set pressure: steam applications for higher operating Codes: pressures 1 Reduces Maintenance Costs CROSBY H-SERIES STYLE HCI ISOFLEX DIRECT...

CROSBY H-SERIES STYLE HCI ISOFLEX PRODUCT OVERVIEW The HCI ISOFLEX safety valve is a high capacity nozzle type valve suitable for saturated and superheated steam service. The valves are available in inlet sizes of 1½”, 2", 2½”, 3", 4" and 6" and in orifice sizes H2 to RR specifically designed for the power industry. Welded inlets and flanged outlets are standard, with flanged inlets (1) with full (removable) nozzles (2) also available. Blowdown control is precise with two adjustable rings (3 and 12) - one each on the nozzle (1B or 2) and guide (11). Blowdown may be adjusted from 2 to 4%...

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