union wire rope cut off program made in china

In this full length Offshore Oil & Gas Drilling User’s guide, you’ll gain valuable insight to help you choose the right wire ropes for your application, how to install wire ropes on a drill line, how to inspect your ropes, how to extend your rope’s service life through our cut-off program, and finally, how to identify and prevent common problems in the field. You will also find minimum breaking forces and weights for our offshore rope products

No single rope can do it all. In this reference document (an excerpt from the Oil & Gas Drilling User’s Guide), you will learn how the design properties of wire rope affects its performance. After all, with the many specialized procedures required for efficient well drilling, it is important to select ropes that are best suited for each individual application.

Union provides our customers an exclusive cut-off program that helps you maximize the service life of your drill lines. This Product Bulletin provides usage information for your cut-off program.

Service life of drilling lines can be increased dramatically by following a planned cut-off program based on work performed. In this reference document you will learn the guidelines for correctly exercising a cut-off program. Additionally, the official WireCo WorldGroup 10-Step Guide to a Drill Line Cut-Off Program chart is included.

In this product bulletin, you will find useful information regarding the proper installation, operation, setting casing and inspection of Drill Lines. It is important to maintain recommendations from API.

Proper installation and operation of your Union Drill Lines is essential to the success of your application. In this reference document you will learn the step-by-step guidelines to this proper installation and operation. Additionally, information regarding brass inserts on dead line anchors is included.

With proper precaution, you can identify, avoid and correct common problems with your wire rope in the field. In this reference document (an excerpt from the Oil & Gas Drilling User’s Guide), you will learn how to reduce crushing and scrubbing damage, factors affecting rope wear, field solutions, counterbalance grooving, improper grooving, improper tensioning and whipping.

In addition to careful rope inspection, you should perform these equipment inspections on a regular basis. In this reference document (an excerpt from the Oil & Gas Drilling User’s Guide), you will learn how checking your sheaves, drums, kick back plates, and rollers affect your rope performance as well.

In this Product Bulletin, learn the definition of Mast Raising Lines (also called Bull Lines or Bridle Lines). A chart specifying the classification of rope to use for given sizes is included.

The various lines for rotary and offshore drilling rigs require a complex balance of wire rope characteristics. In this reference document (an excerpt from the Oil & Gas Drilling User’s Guide), you will learn the Union wire rope recommendations for land rig, offshore rig and offshore crane appllications.

Make the most of your wire rope through regular inspections. Despite their durability and strength, wire ropes will eventually wear out and must be removed after a period of use. That’s why regular inspection is crucial. In this reference document (an excerpt from the Oil & Gas Drilling User’s Guide), you will learn how often to inspect your ropes, when to replace running ropes due to broken wires, when to replace standing ropes due to broken wires and how to find broken wires. Additionally, information regarding valley breaks are included.

We pride ourselves on providing robust solutions to our customers in the most demanding and diverse applications; with unmatched support, innovation and quality. When customers come to Union they are not just looking for a product, they are looking for our expertise and hands on approach to understand and resolve the issues they encounter in the field.

As the need to continually find ways to save on costs becomes more pressing, developing a wire rope cut-off program will ensure operators receive the maximum service life for drill lines. Researchers on a South African project recently found that the lifecycle of a wire rope can double when it is properly maintained and documented.

Although the inspection of wire rope is important, using only visual inspections for determining when to make a cut of the drill line can result in uneven wear, trouble with spooling and longer cuts. By using a digital cut-off program users can remove the heavily worn rope from use and introduce new rope from the storage reel.

Established more than 30 years ago, Union has overhauled its current CD digital cut-off program and has now developed a new, advanced USB computerised program that can calculate, log and track the service life of drill lines. In addition, the system can now be used in multiple languages and units of measure.

In this high-tech update from Union, operators can replace their paper notebooks and CDs with a specially designed USB flash drive that can be plugged into a computer and is compatible with both Windows and Apple operating systems. With the new ability to use the program in four languages (English, Spanish, Russian and Portuguese), companies can easily share results with co-workers around the world. Also, the ability to take units of measure in ton-miles, tonne-kilometres or megajoules limits the risk of errors in calculations.

Another feature of the new system is the ability to set ton-mile goals and monitor the goal results. The program calculates the ton-miles for each operation and provides recommendations on when to cut and how much rope should be cut.

When used with required visual inspections, Union"s new digital cut-off program can help provide the maximum service life from a drill line. Now exclusively for Union drill line users, the new digital format makes it far easier to send and save information, while protecting the data. Drilling contractors are now being encouraged to move towards new digital cut-off programs to get the most out of their drill lines.

A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment is used, which must be completed before or during that shift. The inspection must consist of observation of wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use during the shift for apparent deficiencies, including those listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Untwisting (opening) of wire rope or booming down is not required as part of this inspection.

Significant distortion of the wire rope structure such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, signs of core failure or steel core protrusion between the outer strands.

In running wire ropes: Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay, where a rope lay is the length along the rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope.

In rotation resistant ropes: Two randomly distributed broken wires in six rope diameters or four randomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters.

In pendants or standing wire ropes: More than two broken wires in one rope lay located in rope beyond end connections and/or more than one broken wire in a rope lay located at an end connection.

If a deficiency in Category I (see paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section) is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. If the deficiency is determined to constitute a safety hazard, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

If a deficiency in Category II (see paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section) is identified, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until:

The employer complies with the wire rope manufacturer"s established criterion for removal from service or a different criterion that the wire rope manufacturer has approved in writing for that specific wire rope (see § 1926.1417),

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

If the deficiency (other than power line contact) is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. Repair of wire rope that contacted an energized power line is also prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

Where a wire rope is required to be removed from service under this section, either the equipment (as a whole) or the hoist with that wire rope must be tagged-out, in accordance with § 1926.1417(f)(1), until the wire rope is repaired or replaced.

Wire ropes on equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that no corrective action under paragraph (a)(4) of this section is required.

At least every 12 months, wire ropes in use on equipment must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section (shift inspection).

The inspection must be complete and thorough, covering the surface of the entire length of the wire ropes, with particular attention given to all of the following:

Exception: In the event an inspection under paragraph (c)(2) of this section is not feasible due to existing set-up and configuration of the equipment (such as where an assist crane is needed) or due to site conditions (such as a dense urban setting), such inspections must be conducted as soon as it becomes feasible, but no longer than an additional 6 months for running ropes and, for standing ropes, at the time of disassembly.

If the deficiency is localized, the problem is corrected by severing the wire rope in two; the undamaged portion may continue to be used. Joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited. If a rope is shortened under this paragraph, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.

Tianjin Goldsun Wire Rope Limited (the〝Goldsun〞) is a specialist manufacturer of elevator ropes that is venture between by Hong Kong Publicly Listed Company, Golik Holdings Limited and Tianjin Metallurgy Group Co., Limited, a Top 500 manufacturing enterprise in China. The company pioneered the development and manufacture of wire ropes in China and today distinguishes itself as the market leader in the industry in the manufacture and supply of wire rope products and OEM elevator ropes.

Formed in January 2002, Goldsun perpetuates the beliefs of the importance of quality management, innovation, technical and quality excellence, product leadership, and people development in our pursuit to grow and reach out to more customers. In 2010, Goldsun’s “Three Stage” development strategy guided the investment to build a new RMB150 million state-of-the-art manufacturing facility that is capable of 40,000 tonnes annual output of high-quality and specialized wire ropes. Production began in April 2011 and has enabled the company to deliver better products to our customers at an even higher level of customer experience and satisfaction. Along with an in-house research and development (R&D) unit, the facility at present is equipped with advanced SKET pre-stretch closers, double twist bunchers, sisal core machines, in addition to well over 300 sets of leading domestic surface cleaning, wire drawing, heat treatment, stranding, closing and fatigue testing equipment to place Goldsun as one of the world’s largest integrated single product manufacturer and supplier of its category.

The future and long-term orientation culture ofGoldsun to invest in R&D, technology and in developing the competence of our people in various capacities and across specialist disciplines had allowed us to produce the widest range of elevator ropes in the world that meets customer requirements and complies with OTIS, Japanese and International standards.

In addition to being ISO9001:2000 and Otis Q-Plus certified, Goldsun had also achieved the Korean KTL Production Certification and was first in China to pass fatigue tests conducted at Otis HQ’s Farmington Engineering Test Centre. In 2004,Goldsun supplied the special high speed elevator ropes for the Guinness World Record Zhangjiajie Bailong Elevator which remains in active use today and is highly commended. Furthermore, multiple accolades in product quality excellence was earned numerous times including the National Golden Cup Award, the prestigious designation as the nation’s Top 10 enterprise brand satisfaction survey in 2006, and for five consecutive times over a period of fifteen year, laurels in product and after-sale service excellence by the China Quality Association Users Committee and National Construction Machinery Equipment Users Committee.

At the heart of Goldsun’s world-class capabilities in R&D, design and manufacture are bespoke services and solutions for our customers starting from application selection through to installation and maintenance. Our wide selection of products and our network of service centers in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing, Suzhou and Chengdu give us the ability to offer customers timely services in cut-to-length orders, packaging and distribution; and make Goldsun the top supplier of elevator ropes in China for many years running. Goldsun is also the qualified supplier for companies like OTIS, Hitachi, Toshiba, Yongtay, Tissen, and etcetera.

Wire ropes can be seen everywhere around us, they are made of strands or bundles of individual wires constructed around an independent core, suitable for construction, industrial, fitness, commercial, architectural, agricultural, and marine rigging applications.

Wire rod is made from high carbon steel wires(0.35 to 0.85 percent carbon) in a hot rolling process of a required diameter, usually from 5.5mm to 8 mm.

Wire rod is drawn to the required diameter by the 1st drawing machine after descaling dust and rust, adding mechanical properties suitable for application.

Positioning the wires different or the same size lay in multiple layers and same direction, or cross lay and diameter is maintained by one-third of the rope size.

So in theory, it is very simple to manufacture wire ropes. However there are many more details that must be closely monitored and controlled, and this requires time and experienced personnel since it is a super complicated project you cannot imagine.

The article should be marked as indelibly and permanently as the nature of the product will permit. Marking that will not remain on the article during handling or for any other reason except deliberate removal is not a proper marking.

However, “E.C.” or “E.U.” for European Community or European Union, respectively, are not acceptable abbreviations since they do not indicate the individual country of origin of the good.

ALANG, India/SINGAPORE (Reuters) - In the world’s biggest ship recycling center of Alang on India’s Arabian Sea coast, workers with blow torches cut segments of steel stripped from the rusting hull of a towering cargo ship, sold for scrap by its Japanese owner.Workers carry a rope line to fasten a decommissioned ship at the Alang shipyard in Gujarat, India, in this March 27, 2015 file photo. REUTERS/Amit Dave/Files

The industry has been hit by a flood of cheap Chinese steel and new European Union environmental rules due later this year threaten to push business to more modern yards in places like China and Turkey - in turn devastating local economies.

“But this is my last ship. This business is dying,” he added, suddenly sounding weary, as workers outside his beach-side glass office sized slabs of steel peeled from the ship.

It takes up to nine months for a typical bulk carrier in India to be broken up and its steel processed, said Rakesh Khetan, chief executive of Singapore-based Wirana Shipping Corp, a major buyer of ships for scrap.

The European Commission will introduce tougher environmental controls some time after December. While not specifically banning beach scrapping, owners of ships registered in EU countries will have to scrap them at approved facilities, a move that could favor countries such as China and Turkey where ships are taken apart in docks.

“The European Commission’s intention is not to discourage vessel owners from using facilities outside of the EU but to discourage ship owners from using facilities which have proven to present very real danger to life and the general environment,” said Mark Clintworth, head of shipping at the European Investment Bank.

Clintworth said his bank and the European Commission could provide investment for South Asian ship scrappers to improve existing operations, as well as for safer and more environmentally friendly new facilities.

This general purpose rope wire is able to handle any amount of stress, whether the ropes are exposed to breaking forces, bending strength, abrasion or rotation. Our wire meets these challenges and offers safety, reliability and durability.

Bekaert offers a wide range of high carbon, steel wire for compacted and non-compacted ropes, as well as for bunching purposes. The wire provides the essential tensile strength and high ductility to guarantee optimal support to the outer strands during the rope’s operating life. Making the ropes crush, cut, heat and stretch resistant.

We produce our standard range according to EN-10264-2 specifications. We also produce wires according to your own, more demanding specifications. Bekaert rope wire is available in an full range of diameters, surface finishes or coatings.

Wire rope and cable are each considered a “machine”. The configuration and method of manufacture combined with the proper selection of material when designed for a specific purpose enables a wire rope or cable to transmit forces, motion and energy in some predetermined manner and to some desired end.

Two or more wires concentrically laid around a center wire is called a strand. It may consist of one or more layers. Typically, the number of wires in a strand is 7, 19 or 37. A group of strands laid around a core would be called a cable or wire rope. In terms of product designation, 7 strands with 19 wires in each strand would be a 7×19 cable: 7 strands with 7 wires in each strand would be a 7×7 cable.

Materials Different applications for wire rope present varying demands for strength, abrasion and corrosion resistance. In order to meet these requirements, wire rope is produced in a number of different materials.

Stainless Steel This is used where corrosion is a prime factor and the cost increase warrants its use. The 18% chromium, 8% nickel alloy known as type 302 is the most common grade accepted due to both corrosion resistance and high strength. Other types frequently used in wire rope are 304, 305, 316 and 321, each having its specific advantage over the other. Type 305 is used where non-magnetic properties are required, however, there is a slight loss of strength.

Galvanized Carbon Steel This is used where strength is a prime factor and corrosion resistance is not great enough to require the use of stainless steel. The lower cost is usually a consideration in the selection of galvanized carbon steel. Wires used in these wire ropes are individually coated with a layer of zinc which offers a good measure of protection from corrosive elements.

Cable Construction The greater the number of wires in a strand or cable of a given diameter, the more flexibility it has. A 1×7 or a 1×19 strand, having 7 and 19 wires respectively, is used principally as a fixed member, as a straight linkage, or where flexing is minimal.

Selecting Wire Rope When selecting a wire rope to give the best service, there are four requirements which should be given consideration. A proper choice is made by correctly estimating the relative importance of these requirements and selecting a rope which has the qualities best suited to withstand the effects of continued use. The rope should possess:Strength sufficient to take care of the maximum load that may be applied, with a proper safety factor.

Strength Wire rope in service is subjected to several kinds of stresses. The stresses most frequently encountered are direct tension, stress due to acceleration, stress due to sudden or shock loads, stress due to bending, and stress resulting from several forces acting at one time. For the most part, these stresses can be converted into terms of simple tension, and a rope of approximately the correct strength can be chosen. As the strength of a wire rope is determined by its, size, grade and construction, these three factors should be considered.

Safety Factors The safety factor is the ratio of the strength of the rope to the working load. A wire rope with a strength of 10,000 pounds and a total working load of 2,000 pounds would be operating with a safety factor of five.

It is not possible to set safety factors for the various types of wire rope using equipment, as this factor can vary with conditions on individual units of equipment.

The proper safety factor depends not only on the loads applied, but also on the speed of operation, shock load applied, the type of fittings used for securing the rope ends, the acceleration and deceleration, the length of rope, the number, size and location of sheaves and drums, the factors causing abrasion and corrosion and the facilities for inspection.

Fatigue Fatigue failure of the wires in a wire rope is the result of the propagation of small cracks under repeated applications of bending loads. It occurs when ropes operate over comparatively small sheaves or drums. The repeated bending of the individual wires, as the rope bends when passing over the sheaves or drums, and the straightening of the individual wires, as the rope leaves the sheaves or drums, causing fatigue. The effect of fatigue on wires is illustrated by bending a wire repeatedly back and forth until it breaks.

The best means of preventing early fatigue of wire ropes is to use sheaves and drums of adequate size. To increase the resistance to fatigue, a rope of more flexible construction should be used, as increased flexibility is secured through the use of smaller wires.

Abrasive Wear The ability of a wire rope to withstand abrasion is determined by the size, the carbon and manganese content, the heat treatment of the outer wires and the construction of the rope. The larger outer wires of the less flexible constructions are better able to withstand abrasion than the finer outer wires of the more flexible ropes. The higher carbon and manganese content and the heat treatment used in producing wire for the stronger ropes, make the higher grade ropes better able to withstand abrasive wear than the lower grade ropes.

Effects of Bending All wire ropes, except stationary ropes used as guys or supports, are subjected to bending around sheaves or drums. The service obtained from wire ropes is, to a large extent, dependent upon the proper choice and location of the sheaves and drums about which it operates.

A wire rope may be considered a machine in which the individual elements (wires and strands) slide upon each other when the rope is bent. Therefore, as a prerequisite to the satisfactory operation of wire rope over sheaves and drums, the rope must be properly lubricated.

Loss of strength due to bending is caused by the inability of the individual strands and wires to adjust themselves to their changed position when the rope is bent. Tests made by the National Institute of Standards and Technology show that the rope strength decreases in a marked degree as the sheave diameter grows smaller with respect to the diameter of the rope. The loss of strength due to bending wire ropes over the sheaves found in common use will not exceed 6% and will usually be about 4%.

The bending of a wire rope is accompanied by readjustment in the positions of the strands and wires and results in actual bending of the wires. Repetitive flexing of the wires develops bending loads which, even though well within the elastic limit of the wires, set up points of stress concentration.

The fatigue effect of bending appears in the form of small cracks in the wires at these over-stressed foci. These cracks propagate under repeated stress cycles, until the remaining sound metal is inadequate to withstand the bending load. This results in broken wires showing no apparent contraction of cross section.

Experience has established the fact that from the service view-point, a very definite relationship exists between the size of the individual outer wires of a wire rope and the size of the sheave or drum about which it operates. Sheaves and drums smaller than 200 times the diameter of the outer wires will cause permanent set in a heavily loaded rope. Good practice requires the use of sheaves and drums with diameters 800 times the diameter of the outer wires in the rope for heavily loaded fast-moving ropes.

It is impossible to give a definite minimum size of sheave or drum about which a wire rope will operate with satisfactory results, because of the other factors affecting the useful life of the rope. If the loads are light or the speed slow, smaller sheaves and drums can be used without causing early fatigue of the wires than if the loads are heavy or the speed is fast. Reverse bends, where a rope is bent in one direction and then in the opposite direction, cause excessive fatigue and should be avoided whenever possible. When a reverse bend is necessary larger sheaves are required than would be the case if the rope were bent in one direction only.

Stretch of Wire Rope The stretch of a wire rope under load is the result of two components: the structural stretch and the elastic stretch. Structural stretch of wire rope is caused by the lengthening of the rope lay, compression of the core and adjustment of the wires and strands to the load placed upon the wire rope. The elastic stretch is caused by elongation of the wires.

The structural stretch varies with the size of core, the lengths of lays and the construction of the rope. This stretch also varies with the loads imposed and the amount of bending to which the rope is subjected. For estimating this stretch the value of one-half percent, or .005 times the length of the rope under load, gives an approximate figure. If loads are light, one-quarter percent or .0025 times the rope length may be used. With heavy loads, this stretch may approach one percent, or .01 times the rope length.

The elastic stretch of a wire rope is directly proportional to the load and the length of rope under load, and inversely proportional to the metallic area and modulus of elasticity. This applies only to loads that do not exceed the elastic limit of a wire rope. The elastic limit of stainless steel wire rope is approximately 60% of its breaking strength and for galvanized ropes it is approximately 50%.

Preformed Wire Ropes Preformed ropes differ from the standard, or non-preformed ropes, in that the individual wires in the strands and the strands in the rope are preformed, or pre-shaped to their proper shape before they are assembled in the finished rope.

This, in turn, results in preformed wire ropes having the following characteristics:They can be cut without the seizings necessary to retain the rope structure of non-preformed ropes.

They are substantially free from liveliness and twisting tendencies. This makes installation and handling easier, and lessens the likelihood of damage to the rope from kinking or fouling. Preforming permits the more general use of Lang lay and wire core constructions.

Removal of internal stresses increase resistance to fatigue from bending. This results in increased service where ability to withstand bending is the important requirement. It also permits the use of ropes with larger outer wires, when increased wear resistance is desired.

Outer wires will wear thinner before breaking, and broken wire ends will not protrude from the rope to injure worker’s hands, to nick and distort adjacent wires, or to wear sheaves and drums. Because of the fact that broken wire ends do not porcupine, they are not as noticeable as they are in non-preformed ropes. This necessitates the use of greater care when inspecting worn preformed ropes, to determine their true condition.

Due to aggressive automated scraping of FederalRegister.gov and eCFR.gov, programmatic access to these sites is limited to access to our extensive developer APIs.