wire rope 3d model free download made in china
Free 3d model EUR Modular Kids Bookcase designed by Giulio Iachhetti and manufactured for Magis. Elements in expanded polypropylene are stacked and adjoined to compose a shelving system, creating a series of superimposed arches. Thanks to its modularity this system can expand endlessly both upwards and sideward. Dimensions of the bookcase module: H 43.5 x L 40 x D 30 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready…
Free 3d model Plus Coat Hook designed by Miguel Soeiro and manufactured by Porventura. Plus hooks are as simple as good design should be. Available with Ash finishing, they come in two sizes: small or large. Dimensions of the coat hook: H 13/17 x L 13/17 x D 6 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it. Buy it from Porventura
Free 3d model Slit Coffee Table Oblong by Hay and launched in 2014. Hay’s Slit Table is a geometric steel side table inspired by paper origami techniques. The slim frame appears folded beneath the tabletop, creating a simple yet sculptural form that is reminiscent of traditional Japanese paper art. Dimensions of the side table: H 35.5 x L 49.5 x D 27 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in…
Free 3d model Slit Coffee Table Round by Hay and launched in 2014. Hay’s Slit Table is a geometric steel side table inspired by paper origami techniques. The slim frame appears folded beneath the tabletop, creating a simple yet sculptural form that is reminiscent of traditional Japanese paper art. Dimensions of the side table: H 35.5 x L 45/65 x D 45/65 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in…
Free 3d model Slit Side Table Round High by Hay and launched in 2014. Hay’s Slit Table is a geometric steel side table inspired by paper origami techniques. The slim frame appears folded beneath the tabletop, creating a simple yet sculptural form that is reminiscent of traditional Japanese paper art. Dimensions of the side table: H 47 x L 35 x D 35 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials…
Free 3d model Aballs A Wall Light designed by Jaime Hayon for Spanish manufacturer Parachilna and launched in 2013. Shiny and eye-catching collection. Matching two nobel materials: ceramic and glass. Both hand-made using traditional craftsmanship. Dimension of the wall lamp: H 29 x D 18 cm. The vray, corona and blender file comes with materials in place ready to render it. See more at Parachilna
Free 3d model iPhone SE 2020 designed and manufactured by Apple in 2020. With a four-year gap between the new iPhone SE and the older one, Apple brought many upgrades. That includes wireless charging, better camera specs and water resistance. Dimension of the phone: H 13.8 x L 6.7 x D 0.7 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it. Making of on YouTube
Free 3d model Panton Chair Junior designed by Verner Panton and manufactured by Vitra. Identical to the original in terms of material and shape, the children"s version is approximately 25 percent smaller than the full-size Panton Chair. This makes Panton Junior an ideal chair for children of nursery and primary school age. Dimension of the chair: H 62 x L 37 x D 44 cm. The vray and corona file comes with…
Free 3d model Puppy M Toy designed by Eero Aarnio for Magis. The vivid color, organic form, and playful spirit of Puppy are all characteristic of Finnish designer Eero Aarnio’s oeuvre. Imaginative and innovative, his abstract plastic dog for Magis Me Too blends function and delight, finding use both inside and out as a child’s stool or simply as sculpture. Dimension of the Puppy M: H 45 x L 56.5 x D…
Free 3d model Metodo Round Coffee Table designed by Leonardo Talarico in 2019 for Italian manufacturer MDF Italia. A purist coffee table, developing into the space with three superposed circular shapes which meet to create a table top and its base. Dimensions of the tables: Ø 40 cm x H 30 cm, Ø 50 cm x H 40 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render…
Free 3d model Eames House Bird by Vitra. Charles and Ray Eames enriched the facility at Eames House with numerous objects they brought back from their travels. At the center of the living room has been a wooden bird figurine for over fifty years. Dimension of the bird: L 28 x D 8.5 x H 28 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Tray Table by Hay designed in 2010. The tables are composed of a powder-coated steel frame and a detachable tray, making it a minimalist piece of furniture and easy to adapt them to any room, even as a bedside table. Available in a variation of colors, this 3d model is available just in black and has 4 different dimensions: Small: 30cm (W) x 30cm (D) x 30/34cm (H), Medium:…
Free 3d model Eames Armchair Rocker RAR by Vitra. The Shell Chairs by Charles and Ray Eames are among the most important designs in the history of furniture. Pick a corner in your living room and this rocker will do the job perfectly, saving your space. Dimensions of the armchair: H 67 x W 62.5 x D 69 cm (H 26.5” W 25” D 27.25”). The vray and corona file comes with…
Free 3d model Titanes Sideboard manufactured by Maxalto designed by Antonio Citterio in 1996 but modern even today. The storage unit rest on a metal frame with bright chromed, nickel or bronze finish. Dimensions of the cabinet: H 60 x L 180 x D 60 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Ibiza Forte Coffee Table designed by Jun Kamahara in 2004 for Ritzwell. Available in two sizes, the Ibiza Forte features a solid timber table top finished to Walnut. The table base is finished in black powder coat in options of low height sled frame or mid height four leg base. Dimensions of the tables: H 21 x L/D 120 cm / H 33 x L/D 93 cm. The vray…
Free 3d model KS9500 Curved 4K SUHD TV by Samsung. This Curved Tv comes with a frame called “bezel less”, a very clean and subtle line, perfect for your minimalistic interior design. It’s available in 3 dimension: 78”, 65”, 55”, but this 3d model it’s available just in one size: 55” and it’s ready for your interiors. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Next Desk Body designed and manufactured by Mobimex. This furniture piece, available in the Next Office Line, will bring some nice solution to your interior design ideas for office spaces. The drawer unit is available in various forms in almost any desired size, but this 3ds model is available in one size: H 65 x L 40 x D 65 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials…
Free 3d model be-Easy Table by Kristalia. The table’s top presents an anti-reflective mat effect that gives the surface of this material its warm aesthetic and soft tactile appeal. The table legs are powder-coated with a soft mat effect to create an attractive single-color and single material effect with the top. Dimensions for this table: H 72 x L 150 x D 79 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials…
Free 3d model Infinity Clock designed by Nika Zupanc for Bosa Ceramiche in 2014 and was first presented during Salone Del Mobile at Museum Bagatti in Milan. The pointers have a loop that when both meet become the core concept, an infinity loop, making an intriguing visual structure. Will look beautiful on a sideboard and become a charmingly center piece on it. Dimensions of the clock: H 41 x L 29 x…
Free 3d model Hello Floor Lamp designed by Jonas Wagell in 2012 for Normann Copenhagen. Hello is a floor lamp that adds light and character to its surroundings through its simple, clear and playful character. Dimension of the floor lamp: Diameter: 49 cm x H 165 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Oliver Tray Table designed by Evie Group and launched in 2013. Dimensions for the Side Table are 300ø x 445 H mm (11.8ø inches x 17.5 inches) and for the top tray material is an italian carrara marble with a solid brass powder-coated steel frame. Diameter diffuser: 32 cm, Base: 55 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Pikap OTT2000 designed and manufactured by Philips. The Original turntable is reminiscent of the legendary 1965 Philips AG4131 record player, and features a high-efficiency speaker. Dimensions for Pikap OTT2000: H 16.9 x L 31.1 x D 33.5 cm. This 3d model was brought to you by Ramiz Vardar. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Stop Bookend designed by Philipp Mainzer in 2013 for e15. Made of finest material and manufactured of white carrara or black marquina marble. Dimensions: the small one it’s a cube with the side of 10 cm and the tall one the height has 17 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Hoop Coat Rack designed by Loris&Livia for Covo in 2015. Inspired from the traditional Chinese wire puzzles, the coatstand consists of three metal loops that are connected like giant chain links before being welded into a three-legged structure, offering several hanging options for jackets, hats and bags. Dimensions: H 176 x L 50 x D 50 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to…
Free 3d model POV Candleholder designed by Note Design Studio for danish brand Menu. A beautiful wire frame that look different depending on where you stand. Dimensions are Height 21 cm, Depth 10,5 cm, Width 18,5 cm and the finish is a black powder coated steel. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model Talk Lamp designed by Marge Arkitekter for Örsjö. With a metal structure and a brown leather ring this lamp will make the space to look more elegant. Dimension of the lamp: A wall lamp (16,5 cm height), a table lamp (56 cm height) and a floor lamp (131,5 cm height). The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render it.
Free 3d model Tripod Lamp by Lombok. A vintage floor lamp with legs from crafted wood and nickel plated brass will make a great focal point into a contemporary living room or can fits perfectly in any render, next to a sofa. Dimension of the lamp: The standard height for this lamp is 150cm (59”), but can be adjusted to your need height. The vray and corona file comes with materials in…
Free 3d model Leica M9 Digital Camera manufactured by Leica. This model retains the classic M series look and it’s build quality. Perfect to add some details into your scenes, also you can bring some close ups on this camera. Dimensions for the M9 body are 139 x 80 x 37 mm (5.47 x 3.15 x 1.46”). This free 3d model was brought to you by Maciek Ptaszynski. The vray and corona…
Free 3d model Form Armchair designed by Simon Legald for Danish brand Normann Copenhagen. A nice silhouette of the seat merges with a wooden frame finished in American oak or walnut, even available in lacquered steel. Dimensions for armchair are H 78 x L 56,1 x D 52 cm (H 30.7” x L 22” x D 20.4”). The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model 8950 Dining Table designed by Michael Schneider for Rolf Benz. Available in different table-top sizes such as long free-form shape: 190 x 98 cm (74.8 x 38.5”) or 220 x 98 cm (86.6 x 38.5”) or circular: Diameter 120 cm (47.2”), 140 cm (55”) or 160 cm (63”). The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model BeoLab 14 from Bang & Olufsen. This beautiful surround sound speaker system won the IF product design award in 2014. Dimensions for the tall speakers: 75.2 cm (29.5”) height and the base 18 cm (7”) diameter, the small speaker: 30 cm (11.8”) with 12.4 cm (4.7”) and the subwoofer with a total height of 51 cm (20.12”) and 29 cm (11.53”) diameter. The vray and corona file comes with…
Free 3d model Hackney Sofa designed by Sebastian Wrong for Hay. With its contemporary lines and high comfort, the Hackney Sofa strikes the perfect balance between modern and traditional styling. Constructed with a wooden frame featuring a coil spring system wrapped in down and polyurethane foam, it offers soft and comfortable seating. Its generous proportions and timeless aesthetics make it suitable for a wide range of private and public contexts. Dimension of…
Free 3d model Oyster Light Armchair, designed by Mauro Lipparini for i4Marini. Made from two sheets of continuous saddle leather, ribbed and pressed, take the concave and convex shapes, and together jointed like a shell making from Oyster Light a solid seat form. The dimensions are: Length 90 cm x Width 74 cm x Height 87 cm (35.4” x 29” x 34.2”). The vray and corona file comes with materials in place,…
Free 3d model Copper Candle Holders designed in Amsterdam for Jansen+Co. Add an industrial touch to your interior with this contrasting candle holder with copper blush finish, which is a trend for 2015. The base comes in 5 different colors: White, Mint, Pink, Yellow and Anthracite. Also have available in 2 dimensions: the small candle holder H 19 x W 12 cm (7.4” x 4.7”) and the large candle holder H 27…
Free 3d model Curved Oled Tv 55EC9300 by LG. With a 55” class (54.6” diagonal) and a curved display will bring some statement into your contemporary living interior. The frame is remarkably thin, a new style and design with a depth of a pencil. Dimensions without stand are 122 x 71 x 8 cm (48.2” x 28.1” x 3.1”). The vray and corona file comes with materials in place ready to render…
Free 3d model Wan S Lamp designed by Johanna Grawunder in 2005 for Flos. The Wan name comes from the Japanese culture and means “life container”. With aluminum body the lamp comes in white, green, black and chrome finishes. Dimension of the lamp: H 9 x Ø 11.4. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model Spun Vase Trio designed in 2013 by Tom Dixon. Elegant sculptures with simple curved lines, this trio will add original character to the space, even if it’s place alone in the rooms or grouped, the vases will glow with style in the room. Dimension of the vases: Big H 15 cm; Normal H 19 cm; Tall H 26 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place,…
Free 3d model Last Floor Lamp designed by Mattias Stahlbom in 2007 and manufactured by Swedish brand Zero Lighting. The minimalism of this lamp will light up any room. It’s adjustable and can light up a wall or an object. Dimension of the lamp: H 170 x L 57 x D 57 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model Stockholm Sideboard by Punt. The sideboard is the combination between two or more materials, fronts with no pulls and aluminum skin for the wood part. Finished in Ivory stained oak with golden metal and black legs. Dimension of the sideboard: H 78 x W 240 x D 45 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model About A Chair designed by Hee Welling and manufactured by Hay. The solid shell comprises a curved back with armrests in polypropylene, providing excellent comfort and a soft, unified silhouette, while the four-legged wooden base adds a timeless, classic expression, ensuring greater stability and a longer lifetime. Dimension of the chair: H 79 x W 59 x D 52 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in…
Free 3d model Smart TV H6240 Series by Samsung. The frame it’s only 15mm thick and they found a name for that – Slim Line. It’s available in 4 dimensions: 60”, 55”, 48”, 40” and all of them are ready for your interiors. If you want to hang it on the wall, just remove the stand base and you’re ready to go. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place,…
Free 3d model Cage Tables designed by Gordon Guillaumier in 2010 for Tacchini. The minimalism and pure elegance characterize the tables, whose precious top comes in different types of marble. Dimension of the tables: two different sizes: Ø 50, H 47 cm and Ø 100 H 32 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model Farnsworth House designed by Adam Reed for Lego. This is great for close-ups and good for detailing a kids room or offices, is so versatile. Dimension of the Lego toy: H 6.7 x L 30 x D 17.7 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready to render it.
Free 3d model Air Drawer designed by Pinuccio Borgonovo in 2008 for Gallotti&Radice. Drawer unit in wood with sides covered by painted glass as per samples in the bright or satin version. On castors. Pull-out drawers; transparent glass bottom. The drawer can be supplied with one aluminium stationery tray. Dimension of the drawer: H 56 x L 51 x D 47 cm. The vray file comes with texture and material in place,…
Free 3d model Tactile Buffet designed by Terence Woodgate and manufactured by Punt. There are no handles, a simple touch initiates the opening of a door or drawer. With the face of the doors and drawers set deep into the frame, a new form is created. The tall and slender legs emphasize the effect as they are a continuation of the inner edge which wraps around the cabinet. Dimension of the sideboard:…
Free 3d model Hang It All Coat designed by Charles and Ray Eames in 1953 for Vitra. Is made from a sturdy steel frame and solid wood balls. The design is childlike in its use of color, a reinterpretation of the simple coat rack with a sophisticated design. Dimension of the rack: H 36 x L 50 x D 16 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place, ready…
Free 3d model Training Dresser by Peter Bristol. The drawers are shaped in the form of their contents and come in two different designs: one for boys and one for girls. For the parents it’s an iconic furniture piece and for kids creates an engaging dresser, with informative drawers. Dimension of the dresser: H 74 x L 94 x D 45 cm. The vray and corona file comes with materials in place,…
Free 3d model Anamorphic Console designed by Asher Israelow. This handcrafted furniture can be made in custom sizes and compositions. First found in the 15th Century, anamorphic projection was used to pass secret messages or obscure visions within paintings. Now solid walnut and brass inlay compose hidden geometries. Dimension of the console: H 48 x L 140 x D 56 cm. The vray and corona file comes with texture and material in…
Free 3d model Qie Chandelier designed by Bentu Design in 2012. This chandelier use materials like cement, construction recycled waste and bamboo. The fusion of these natural materials can touch the heart. Qie is perfect for restaurants, bars or dining rooms. Dimension of the chandeliers: Small H 16.2 x Ø 9.6 cm; Medium H 17.82 x Ø 9.6 cm; Big H 21.9 x Ø 9.6 cm. The vray file comes with texture…
Free 3d model Lithos Tables designed by Antonio Citterio in 2010 for B&B Italia and lunched in the Maxalto collection. The tables are available in rectangular and circular shape. Perfect next to a sofa or in the centre of any living room. The frame is painted in bronzed nickel steel and the tops are from Black Portoro Marble, Black Marquinia Marble, White Calacatta Marble and Travertine Marble. Dimension of the tables: Square…
Wire rope consists of several strands of metal wire laid (twisted) into a helix. The term "cable" is often used interchangeably with "wire rope", but narrower senses exist in which "wire rope" refers to diameter larger than 3/8 inch (9.52 mm), whereas sizes smaller than this are designated cable or cords.wrought iron wires were used, but today steel is the main material used for wire ropes.
Historically wire rope evolved from wrought iron chains, which had a record of mechanical failure. While flaws in chain links or solid steel bars can lead to catastrophic failure, flaws in the wires making up a steel cable are less critical as the other wires easily take up the load. Friction between the individual wires and strands, as a consequence of their twist, further compensates for any flaws.
Wire ropes were developed starting with mining hoist applications in the 1830s. Wire ropes are used dynamically for lifting and hoisting in cranes and elevators, and for transmission of mechanical power. Wire rope is also used to transmit force in mechanisms, such as a Bowden cable or the control surfaces of an airplane connected to levers and pedals in the cockpit. Only aircraft cables have WSC (wire strand core). Also, aircraft cables are available in smaller diameters than wire rope. For example, aircraft cables are available in 3/64 in. diameter while most wire ropes begin at a 1/4 in. diameter.suspension bridges or as guy wires to support towers. An aerial tramway relies on wire rope to support and move cargo overhead.
Modern wire rope was invented by the German mining engineer Wilhelm Albert in the years between 1831 and 1834 for use in mining in the Harz Mountains in Clausthal, Lower Saxony, Germany.chains, such as had been used before.
Wilhelm Albert"s first ropes consisted of three strands consisting of four wires each. In 1840, Scotsman Robert Stirling Newall improved the process further.John A. Roebling, starting in 1841 suspension bridge building. Roebling introduced a number of innovations in the design, materials and manufacture of wire rope. Ever with an ear to technology developments in mining and railroading, Josiah White and Erskine Hazard, principal ownersLehigh Coal & Navigation Company (LC&N Co.) — as they had with the first blast furnaces in the Lehigh Valley — built a Wire Rope factory in Mauch Chunk,Pennsylvania in 1848, which provided lift cables for the Ashley Planes project, then the back track planes of the Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad, improving its attractiveness as a premier tourism destination, and vastly improving the throughput of the coal capacity since return of cars dropped from nearly four hours to less than 20 minutes. The decades were witness to a burgeoning increase in deep shaft mining in both Europe and North America as surface mineral deposits were exhausted and miner had to chase layers along inclined layers. The era was early in railroad development and steam engines having sufficient tractive effort to climb steep slopes were in the future, so incline plane railways were common, and the mining tunnels along inclined shafts between coal layers were just a which came first variant, but where steam engines could not go. This pushed development of cable hoists rapidly in the United States as surface deposits in the Anthracite Coal Region north and south dove deeper every year, and even the rich deposits in the Panther Creek Valley required LC&N Co. to drive their first shafts into lower slopes beginning Lansford and its Schuylkill County twin-town Coaldale.
The German engineering firm of Adolf Bleichert & Co. was founded in 1874 and began to build bicable aerial tramways for mining in the Ruhr Valley. With important patents, and dozens of working systems in Europe, Bleichert dominated the global industry, later licensing its designs and manufacturing techniques to Trenton Iron Works, New Jersey, USA which built systems across America. Adolf Bleichert & Co. went on to build hundreds of aerial tramways around the world: from Alaska to Argentina, Australia and Spitsbergen. The Bleichert company also built hundreds of aerial tramways for both the Imperial German Army and the Wehrmacht.
In the last half of the 19th century, wire rope systems were used as a means of transmitting mechanical powercable cars. Wire rope systems cost one-tenth as much and had lower friction losses than line shafts. Because of these advantages, wire rope systems were used to transmit power for a distance of a few miles or kilometers.
Steel wires for wire ropes are normally made of non-alloy carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.4 to 0.95%. The very high strength of the rope wires enables wire ropes to support large tensile forces and to run over sheaves with relatively small diameters.
In the mostly used parallel lay strands, the lay length of all the wire layers is equal and the wires of any two superimposed layers are parallel, resulting in linear contact. The wire of the outer layer is supported by two wires of the inner layer. These wires are neighbours along the whole length of the strand. Parallel lay strands are made in one operation. The endurance of wire ropes with this kind of strand is always much greater than of those (seldom used) with cross lay strands. Parallel lay strands with two wire layers have the construction Filler, Seale or Warrington.
In principle, spiral ropes are round strands as they have an assembly of layers of wires laid helically over a centre with at least one layer of wires being laid in the opposite direction to that of the outer layer. Spiral ropes can be dimensioned in such a way that they are non-rotating which means that under tension the rope torque is nearly zero.
The open spiral rope consists only of round wires. The half-locked coil rope and the full-locked coil rope always have a centre made of round wires. The locked coil ropes have one or more outer layers of profile wires. They have the advantage that their construction prevents the penetration of dirt and water to a greater extent and it also protects them from loss of lubricant. In addition, they have one further very important advantage as the ends of a broken outer wire cannot leave the rope if it has the proper dimensions.
Stranded ropes are an assembly of several strands laid helically in one or more layers around a core. This core can be one of three types. The first is a fiber core, made up of synthetic material or natural fibers like Sysal. Synthetic fibers are stronger and more uniform but can"t absorb much lubricant. Natural fibers can absorb up to 15% of their weight in lubricant and so protect the inner wires much better from corrosion than synthetic fibers do. Fiber cores are the most flexible and elastic, but have the downside of getting crushed easily. The second type, wire strand core, is made up of one additional strand of wire, and is typically used for suspension. The third type is independent wire rope core (IWRC), which is the most durable in all types of environments.ordinary lay rope if the lay direction of the wires in the outer strands is in the opposite direction to the lay of the outer strands themselves. If both the wires in the outer strands and the outer strands themselves have the same lay direction, the rope is called a lang lay rope (formerly Albert’s lay or Lang’s lay). Regular lay means the individual wires were wrapped around the centers in one direction and the strands were wrapped around the core in the opposite direction.
Multi-strand ropes are all more or less resistant to rotation and have at least two layers of strands laid helically around a centre. The direction of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying strand layers. Ropes with three strand layers can be nearly non-rotating. Ropes with two strand layers are mostly only low-rotating.
Stationary ropes, stay ropes (spiral ropes, mostly full-locked) have to carry tensile forces and are therefore mainly loaded by static and fluctuating tensile stresses. Ropes used for suspension are often called cables.
Track ropes (full locked ropes) have to act as rails for the rollers of cabins or other loads in aerial ropeways and cable cranes. In contrast to running ropes, track ropes do not take on the curvature of the rollers. Under the roller force, a so-called free bending radius of the rope occurs. This radius increases (and the bending stresses decrease) with the tensile force and decreases with the roller force.
Wire rope slings (stranded ropes) are used to harness various kinds of goods. These slings are stressed by the tensile forces but first of all by bending stresses when bent over the more or less sharp edges of the goods.
There are technical regulations for the rope drives of cranes, elevators, rope ways and mining installations not exceeding a given tensile force and not falling short of a given diameter ratio D/d of sheave and rope diameters. A general dimensioning method of rope drives (and used besides the technical regulations) calculate the five limits
Donandt force (yielding tensile force for a given bending diameter ratio D/d) - strict limit. The nominal rope tensile force S must be smaller than the Donandt force SD1.
Rope safety factor = minimum breaking force Fmin / nominal rope tensile force S. (ability to resist extreme impact forces) - Fmin/S ≥ 2,5 for simple lifting appliance
Discarding number of wire breaks (detection to need rope replacement) Minimum number of wire breaks on a reference rope length of 30d should be BA30 ≥ 8 for lifting appliance
Optimal rope diameter with the max. rope endurance for a given sheave diameter D and tensile rope force S - For economic reasons the rope diameter should be near to but smaller than the optimal rope diameter d ≤ dopt.
The wire ropes are stressed by fluctuating forces, by wear, by corrosion and in seldom cases by extreme forces. The rope life is finite and the safety is only ensured by inspection for the detection of wire breaks on a reference rope length, of cross-section loss, as well as other failures so that the wire rope can be replaced before a dangerous situation occurs. Installations should be designed to facilitate the inspection of the wire ropes.
Lifting installations for passenger transportation require that a combination of several methods should be used to prevent a car from plunging downwards. Elevators must have redundant bearing ropes and a safety gear. Ropeways and mine hoistings must be permanently supervised by a responsible manager and the rope must be inspected by a magnetic method capable of detecting inner wire breaks.
The end of a wire rope tends to fray readily, and cannot be easily connected to plant and equipment. There are different ways of securing the ends of wire ropes to prevent fraying. The most common and useful type of end fitting for a wire rope is to turn the end back to form a loop. The loose end is then fixed back on the wire rope. Termination efficiencies vary from about 70% for a Flemish eye alone; to nearly 90% for a Flemish eye and splice; to 100% for potted ends and swagings.
When the wire rope is terminated with a loop, there is a risk that it will bend too tightly, especially when the loop is connected to a device that concentrates the load on a relatively small area. A thimble can be installed inside the loop to preserve the natural shape of the loop, and protect the cable from pinching and abrading on the inside of the loop. The use of thimbles in loops is industry best practice. The thimble prevents the load from coming into direct contact with the wires.
A wire rope clamp, also called a clip, is used to fix the loose end of the loop back to the wire rope. It usually consists of a U-shaped bolt, a forged saddle, and two nuts. The two layers of wire rope are placed in the U-bolt. The saddle is then fitted over the ropes on to the bolt (the saddle includes two holes to fit to the u-bolt). The nuts secure the arrangement in place. Three or more clamps are usually used to terminate a wire rope. As many as eight may be needed for a 2 in (50.8 mm) diameter rope.
There is an old adage; be sure not to "saddle a dead horse." This means that when installing clamps, the saddle portion of the clamp assembly is placed on the load-bearing or "live" side, not on the non-load-bearing or "dead" side of the cable. According to the US Navy Manual S9086-UU-STM-010, Chapter 613R3, Wire and Fiber rope and Rigging, "This is to protect the live or stress-bearing end of the rope against crushing and abuse. The flat bearing seat and extended prongs of the body (saddle) are designed to protect the rope and are always placed against the live end."
An eye splice may be used to terminate the loose end of a wire rope when forming a loop. The strands of the end of a wire rope are unwound a certain distance, and plaited back into the wire rope, forming the loop, or an eye, called an eye splice. When this type of rope splice is used specifically on wire rope, it is called a "Molly Hogan", and, by some, a "Dutch" eye instead of a "Flemish" eye.
Swaging is a method of wire rope termination that refers to the installation technique. The purpose of swaging wire rope fittings is to connect two wire rope ends together, or to otherwise terminate one end of wire rope to something else. A mechanical or hydraulic swager is used to compress and deform the fitting, creating a permanent connection. There are many types of swaged fittings. Threaded Studs, Ferrules, Sockets, and Sleeves are a few examples.
A wedge socket termination is useful when the fitting needs to be replaced frequently. For example, if the end of a wire rope is in a high-wear region, the rope may be periodically trimmed, requiring the termination hardware to be removed and reapplied. An example of this is on the ends of the drag ropes on a dragline. The end loop of the wire rope enters a tapered opening in the socket, wrapped around a separate component called the wedge. The arrangement is knocked in place, and load gradually eased onto the rope. As the load increases on the wire rope, the wedge become more secure, gripping the rope tighter.
Poured sockets are used to make a high strength, permanent termination; they are created by inserting the wire rope into the narrow end of a conical cavity which is oriented in-line with the intended direction of strain. The individual wires are splayed out inside the cone or "capel", and the cone is then filled with molten lead-antimony-tin (Pb80Sb15Sn5) solder or "white metal capping",zincpolyester resin compound.
Bridon-Bekaert Ropes Group concludes investment and commercial partnership with TFI Marine, Dublin, Ireland, to accelerate the go-to-market of digital-enabled mooring solutions
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GrabCAD Community Library offers 2.8+ million designs and models, including CADs, thanks to its largest community of designers, engineers, and students.
CGTrader is another site with more than two million three-dimensional models, which are available in multiple file formats like 3DS, C4D, FBX, MAX, and OBJ.
3dsky.org has a collection of 81k+ models arranged in various categories like appliances, bathroom, decoration, furniture, kitchen, materials, textures, etc.
MyMiniFactory is a curated platform showcasing 45k+ 3D models. You can search and download fully-tested objects, which are uploaded by its global community.
TurboSquid offers 3D models in numerous formats such as 3DS, C4D, FBX, OBJ, and more. The site hosts 18k+ models, which are searchable and sortable as well.
Free3D is a repository with more than nine thousand 3D models that are presented under many categories like animals, electronics, plants, sports, vehicles, etc.
ArchibasePlanet.com collects, hosts, and shows over 9k architectural models, which are organized in numerous categories like an armchair, bed, chair, sofa, table, etc.
Archive 3D is another repository that hosts seven thousand 3D designs under many categories like equipment and appliances, furnishing, structure, etc.
CadNav.com offers 5k+ three-dimensional models, which are available for download in multiple categories and various formats in 3DS, C4D, IBJ, ZTL, etc.
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