wire rope break made in china

Wire ropes can be seen everywhere around us, they are made of strands or bundles of individual wires constructed around an independent core, suitable for construction, industrial, fitness, commercial, architectural, agricultural, and marine rigging applications.

Wire rod is made from high carbon steel wires(0.35 to 0.85 percent carbon) in a hot rolling process of a required diameter, usually from 5.5mm to 8 mm.

Wire rod is drawn to the required diameter by the 1st drawing machine after descaling dust and rust, adding mechanical properties suitable for application.

Positioning the wires different or the same size lay in multiple layers and same direction, or cross lay and diameter is maintained by one-third of the rope size.

So in theory, it is very simple to manufacture wire ropes. However there are many more details that must be closely monitored and controlled, and this requires time and experienced personnel since it is a super complicated project you cannot imagine.

6 x 19 wire rope is a general purpose steel rope that’s widely used and is commonly used for winch lines, skylines and chokers. This wire rope overs a great overall combination of both flexibility and wear resistance.

* EIPS (Extra Improved Plowed Steel) wire rope has roughly 10% more strength than regular IPS. Independent wire rope core ( IWRC ) provides added strength, reduces the amount of stretch. IWRC wire rope also is resistance to heat and provides extra corrosion resistance over a typical bright wire finish.

6×19 construction wire rope is available with either FC (fibre core) or WSC (wire strand core). When supplied with a wsc the rope is more commonly referred to as 7×19. The rope is very popular in diameters from 3mm to 16mm and is used on a variety of applications. 6×19 FC and 6×19 WSC (7×19) is very flexible in diameters 3mm to 6mm and is used for many requirements where wire ropes are running over pulleys. 7×19 construction is readily available in both galvanised and marine grade stainless steel.

Established in 2005, Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. is a professional steel wire rope manufacturer and exporter with a profound experience. The company is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China covering an area of 57,108.70 square meters. They have a total annual production of steel wire rope is 25000 to 30000 tons and a registered capital 13 million U.S. dollars. Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. has plenty of high-quality products to offer.Toho-Rongkee

Chongqing Toho-Rongkee Electronic and Machinery Co., Ltd is one of the best wire rope manufacturers in China that follows ISO 9001:2008, TUV, CE, SGS qualification standard on every production method and fabricated. Also offer a wide range of lifting tools, equipment, and various riggings that meet your standards. Employs over 1000 skilled workers and staff in 7 advanced factories in China.Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd

Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd is specialized in manufacturing steel wire ropes headquarters in Dainan Town, Jiangsu Province China. Currently having more than 50 existing employees in over 6600 square meters factory area. They can provide excellent advice and assistance to ensure you obtain the right products at the lowest cost.Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company

With more than 40 years of manufacturing and technique experience, you can totally rely on Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, they have excellent production lines, modern production techniques, and excellent quality control systems. All products such as steel wire, pre-stressed wire rope, PVC coated wire rope, etc. are not only famous with excellent quality but in reasonable prices and considerate services in China. This company also receives good popularity in the overseas market.Nantong Jiaan Metal Material Co., Ltd.

Established in 2013, Jiaan Metal Material is one of the respected manufacturers of steel wire rope located in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. All the production methods, from raw material smelting, heat treatment, wire drawing, and rope twisting to physical and chemical performance examining, are under strict and scientific control based on ISO 9001 certification standard.Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd.

Started in 1998, Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd. continually improving and striving to provide high-grade wire rope to customers worldwide. ISO9001:2008, ISO14001:2004 certified company located in Jiangsu, China. They mainly engaged in producing steel wire rope, stainless steel wire, steel strip, stainless steel strip, spring steel strip, spring steel wire, carbon steel wire, and more.Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd.

Set up in the year 2016, Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd is an expert wire rope provider situated in Nantong, China. Owns advanced technologies and machinery to manufacture a high-class and comprehensive quality solution. They have more than 70 professional employees working and improving products according to ISO9001:2015 authentication.Jiangsu Zhongying Steel Cable Co., Ltd.

Established in 2004, Zhongying Steel Cable is one of the leading manufacturers and reputable provider of steel wire ropes situated in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. Their factory has 80, 000 square meters and the building area is about to 65,000 square meters. Workshops are equipped with advanced producing equipment and comprehensive testing facilities that’s why the partnership with them will bring business satisfaction for you.Qingdao Haito Rigging Hardware Co., Ltd

A large enterprise located in Qingdao, Shandong, China, which engaged in manufacturing rigging hardware such as steel wire rope accessories, wire rope clips, load binder, chain, wire rope, and more. They have an abundant supply of superior quality products. Founded in 2009, Haito Rigging Hardware continuously developed and improving products supported by good experience and professional employees.Gustav Wolf

With over 130 years of experience and development, Gustav Wolf is a leading superior steel wire and steel wire ropes manufacturer associated with quality and safety. Produced products according to ISO9001:2015, ISO14001:2015 certification which can meet your requirements and demands. Employs over 115 hardworking workers and staff who aim to serve customers with honesty, loyalty, and perseverance.Jiangsu Xiangchuan Rope Technology Co., Ltd.

Specialized in manufacturing high-standard wire rope, Xiangchuan Rope Technology is a dedicated supplier and manufacturer with vast experience in the field. Own a modern facility with an area of about 38, 000 square meters and employs 138 staff members and workers. Their advanced production equipment, technical know-how, skilled workers guarantee that in Xiangchuan Rope Technology you have a reliable partner.JULI SLING CO., LTD.

For more than 33 years of experience in creating comprehensive products such as wire rope, JULI SLING earned a good reputation in the steel industry appreciated by foreign and domestics customers. JULI is recognized as a pioneer in China’s lifting and rigging industry, the standard makers in rigging field, the advocate of worldwide rigging civilization. Partnership with this company will skyrocket your business project.Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd

Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd is a large private enterprise founded in 2009 that specialized in producing any types of wire rope, headquarters in Jiangsu, China. Get 100% ideal products, at a cost-effective price here in Julong Metal. Be one of their satisfied customers such as in Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Asia, the Middle East, etc.YunFeng Steel Wire Rope Products Ltd.

Located in Jiangsu province, China, YunFeng Steel Wire Rope is a professional manufacturer of all kinds of wire rope offer in excellent quality and reasonable price to customers. They can meet customers’ demands and requirements by manufacturing all kinds of products with international standards.Sinounion Industries

Founded in 1999, Sinounion Industries is a professional Steel Wire Rope manufacturer in China. Also offer Rigging Hardware, Lifting Equipment, and various Forging & Casting products. All products are manufactured according to ISO9001, ISO14001, CE, and GS standards. The company owns a wide factory area in Qingdao, Shandong province with about 35000 square meters.Ningbo BST Metal Products Co., Ltd.

Established in 2002, BST Metal Products is one of the largest and reputable steel wire rope manufacturers in China with an area of 78,000 square meters factory workshop. Backed up by more than 350 professional people & technical engineers who have a vast experience in the field, BST Metal Products ensure great and fast production exceed the national and international guidelines.Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd.

As an ISO9001:2015, ISO/TS16949:2009, ISO9001: 2000 certified company, Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd. devoted itself to producing excellent products at a favorable cost. If you`re looking for a wire rope manufacturer, then Yasheng Metal Products is the best choice! Get 100% quality products prepared by solid technical strength and professional service team.Chongqing Geyo Machinery corporation

Geyo Machinery corporation a reliable manufacturing company that focuses on research, production, sales, and service of high-quality products. Mainly engaged in manufacturing wire rope, wire rope slings, tamping rammer, power trowel, scarifying machine, etc. They have their own advanced production facilities, expert technical team, and a professional quality control team.SHANGHAIMETAL

Started in the year 1980, SHANGHAIMETAL is a premier wire rope provider. Together with a team of experts, innovative machinery, and dedicated workers, they guarantee absolute customer satisfaction. Shanghai Metal is always passionate about working and supplying excellent services to clients throughout the world. All their products are manufactured with high-quality at a reasonable cost.Huazhuo HD Machinery

Established in 1958, Qingdao Huazhuo HD Machinery Co., Ltd. is a trusted wire rope manufacturer with a profound experience, strong workmanship, and professional service team that ensures the best product at best price offer to clients around the world. A leading supplier of high-standard wire rope, rigging hardware, marine hardware, chain, lifting tools, and other high-grade metal products.

While talking to people at a recent trade show it hit me: There is a lack of information in the marketplace concerning the quality of available wire rope . Most people feel that there is one general level of cable quality, usually based on their experience with imported wire rope. Let"s take a minute to clear up the confusions many people have about wire rope availability and performance.

When I dig a little deeper, I always find out that the cable they are using is low quality import material, often from China, that never seems to perform the way they intended. Short service life, broken wires and low break strength are often tolerated because the wire rope is just so very cheap. And the lowering of quality and performance from your wire rope tends to feed on itself: Inexpensive cable performance is sub-par, so the purchaser becomes conditioned to poor performance. This translates into a buying decision focused solely on the price of the wire rope, which in turn leads to distributors looking for less and less expensive material, which dictates the quality, and so on.

Ultimately, this cycle results in wire rope that is manufactured to just meet the thresholds of performance required by specification, and nothing more. Some applications can accept this material, but the majority of customers would be best served by selecting a higher quality wire rope.

When the performance is a key element of your application, you should be requesting a high quality domestic wire rope. Why should you purchase a domestic rope? Domestic manufacturers work with smaller lot sizes and focus on quality.

It will require a larger investment to purchase and employ the higher quality material, but that will end the downward quality spiral created by using the least expensive cable you can find. You will notice, first and foremost, that your cable will last longer and perform at an improved level. You will also notice that the added cost for purchasing a domestic wire rope is minimal when compared to the extended life you will receive.

So for your next purchase, request a domestic wire rope for your application. Here are some general rules to ensure you receive the best cable available:

1. Not all wire rope is created equal. There are specifications for wire rope, including Federal Specification RR-W-410 and Military Specification MIL-DTL-83420, both detailing the level of quality and performance required for specific applications. When purchasing a wire rope, be sure to reference one of these specifications to ensure you receive a higher quality material.

2. Just because you purchased the rope from a domestic source does not mean that it is domestic.Make sure you specifically request a domestic wire rope.

3. Domestic Wire rope is available.there are several manufacturers that would be more than delighted t quote your requirements. You can find a list of companies on the Domestic Wire Rope Committee web site.

Wire rope is often used in slings because of its strength, durability, abrasion resistance and ability to conform to the shape of the loads on which it is used. In addition, wire rope slings are able to lift hot materials.

Wire rope used in slings can be made of ropes with either Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) or a fiber-core. It should be noted that a sling manufactured with a fiber-core is usually more flexible but is less resistant to environmental damage. Conversely, a core that is made of a wire rope strand tends to have greater strength and is more resistant to heat damage.

Wire rope may be manufactured using different rope lays. The lay of a wire rope describes the direction the wires and strands are twisted during the construction of the rope. Most wire rope is right lay, regular lay. This type of rope has the widest range of applications. Wire rope slings may be made of other wire rope lays at the recommendation of the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

Wire rope slings are made from various grades of wire rope, but the most common grades in use are Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) and Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS). These wire ropes are manufactured and tested in accordance with ASTM guidelines. If other grades of wire rope are used, use them in accordance with the manufacturer"s recommendations and guidance.

When selecting a wire rope sling to give the best service, consider four characteristics: strength, ability to bend without distortion, ability to withstand abrasive wear, and ability to withstand abuse.

Rated loads (capacities) for single-leg vertical, choker, basket hitches, and two-, three-, and four-leg bridle slings for specific grades of wire rope slings are as shown in Tables 7 through 15.

Ensure that slings made of rope with 6×19 and 6x37 classifications and cable slings have a minimum clear length of rope 10 times the component rope diameter between splices, sleeves, or end fittings unless approved by a qualified person,

Ensure that braided slings have a minimum clear length of rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end fittings unless approved by a qualified person,

Do not use wire rope clips to fabricate wire rope slings, except where the application precludes the use of prefabricated slings and where the sling is designed for the specific application by a qualified person,

Ensure that wire rope slings have suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment in which they will be used and that they are not used with loads in excess of the rated load capacities described in the appropriate tables. When D/d ratios (Fig. 4) are smaller than those listed in the tables, consult the sling manufacturer. Follow other safe operating practices, including:

When D/d ratios (see Fig. 6) smaller than those cited in the tables are necessary, ensure that the rated load of the sling is decreased. Consult the sling manufacturer for specific data or refer to the WRTB (Wire Rope Technical Board) Wire Rope Sling Users Manual, and

Before initial use, ensure that all new swaged-socket, poured-socket, turnback-eye, mechanical joint grommets, and endless wire rope slings are proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

Permanently remove from service fiber-core wire rope slings of any grade if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of 180 degrees F (82 degrees C).

Follow the recommendations of the sling manufacturer when you use metallic-core wire rope slings of any grade at temperatures above 400 degrees F (204 degrees C) or below minus 40 degrees F (minus 40 degrees C).

Original equipment wire rope and replacement wire rope must be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of this section. Selection of replacement wire rope must be in accordance with the recommendations of the wire rope manufacturer, the equipment manufacturer, or a qualified person.

Wire rope design criteria: Wire rope (other than rotation resistant rope) must comply with either Option (1) or Option (2) of this section, as follows:

Option (1). Wire rope must comply with section 5-1.7.1 of ASME B30.5-2004 (incorporated by reference, see § 1926.6) except that section"s paragraph (c) must not apply.

Option (2). Wire rope must be designed to have, in relation to the equipment"s rated capacity, a sufficient minimum breaking force and design factor so that compliance with the applicable inspection provisions in § 1926.1413 will be an effective means of preventing sudden rope failure.

Type I rotation resistant wire rope ("Type I"). Type I rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have little or no tendency to rotate or, if guided, transmits little or no torque. It has at least 15 outer strands and comprises an assembly of at least three layers of strands laid helically over a center in two operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type II rotation resistant wire rope ("Type II"). Type II rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have significant resistance to rotation. It has at least 10 outer strands and comprises an assembly of two or more layers of strands laid helically over a center in two or three operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type III rotation resistant wire rope ("Type III"). Type III rotation resistant rope is stranded rope constructed to have limited resistance to rotation. It has no more than nine outer strands, and comprises an assembly of two layers of strands laid helically over a center in two operations. The direction of lay of the outer strands is opposite to that of the underlying layer.

Type I must have an operating design factor of no less than 5, except where the wire rope manufacturer and the equipment manufacturer approves the design factor, in writing.

A qualified person must inspect the rope in accordance with § 1926.1413(a). The rope must be used only if the qualified person determines that there are no deficiencies constituting a hazard. In making this determination, more than one broken wire in any one rope lay must be considered a hazard.

Each lift made under § 1926.1414(e)(3) must be recorded in the monthly and annual inspection documents. Such prior uses must be considered by the qualified person in determining whether to use the rope again.

Rotation resistant ropes may be used as boom hoist reeving when load hoists are used as boom hoists for attachments such as luffing attachments or boom and mast attachment systems. Under these conditions, all of the following requirements must be met:

The requirements in ASME B30.5-2004 sections 5-1.3.2(a), (a)(2) through (a)(4), (b) and (d) (incorporated by reference, see § 1926.6) except that the minimum pitch diameter for sheaves used in multiple rope reeving is 18 times the nominal diameter of the rope used (instead of the value of 16 specified in section 5-1.3.2(d)).

The operating design factor for these ropes must be the total minimum breaking force of all parts of rope in the system divided by the load imposed on the rope system when supporting the static weights of the structure and the load within the equipment"s rated capacity.

Wire rope clips used in conjunction with wedge sockets must be attached to the unloaded dead end of the rope only, except that the use of devices specifically designed for dead-ending rope in a wedge socket is permitted.

Prior to cutting a wire rope, seizings must be placed on each side of the point to be cut. The length and number of seizings must be in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer"s instructions.

Wire ropes are widely used in industrial production, tourist cable cars, bridges, metallurgy, mining, and informal elevators. Therefore, it is important to ensure the safety of the wire ropes being used. The study of the residual strength of wire ropes is significant for developing advanced instruments that can quantitatively detect wire-rope defects [1]. Currently, the stable and safe working performance of wire ropes is of interest to more and more scholars who are interested in checking the remaining longevity of wire ropes by using online inspection devices.

Jomdecha [2] improved on equipment that was magnetized by electric current. The equipment was designed to control the strength of magnetization by adjusting the magnetized power supply or engaged loops. One special type of testing coil was designed to capture the MFL signals. An eddy current testing method [3] that used an alternating current to generate eddy current in the wire rope was proposed. A function model, which explained the relationship among defects, characteristic vectors, sensor parameters and wire ropes was established by relying on the testing data features. Raišutis [4] studied the dispersion curves of ultrasonic guided-wave spread inside wire ropes. On the basis of this research, the best and most promising receiving positions for ultrasonic guided-waves were calculated. In [5] Peng and Wang designed a visual system on the basis of gamma rays. This system focused on thick ropes used in a suspension bridge. Li et al. [6], used X-ray to detect defects in the steel core of transmission belts. They also proposed a modified threshold rules method, which captured the approximate shape of defects in the steel core.

For the detection of wire rope gaps, Wang and Tian [7] applied the analysis method of finite element to the MFL of wire ropes, and proposed an excitation method that adopted magnetic cores into a magnetic column to improve the magnetic leakage strength of gaps. A system of strong magnetic detection was designed using Hall sensors. During detection of the magnetic leakage signals of wire ropes, the air gap affected the testing accuracy, therefore, Wang et al. [8] studied the influence of different lift-off distances and different air gaps on detection accuracy and improved the structural designs of the detector and the exciter. This device inhibited the influence of lift-off variation. Li et al. [9] investigated the excitation model, established a design standard for the magnetizing structure whose theoretical size was solved through numerical solution, and used finite-element analysis to verify the theoretical size so that the final size was adjusted and determined. Some researchers adopt digital-image processing (DIP) for the MFL signals, Cao et al. [10] unrolled the MFL signals to grayscale, applied the DIP to extract the characteristics of the grayscale image, and identified the different defects. Zhang et al. [11] discussed the limits of lift-off with the digital signal processing method and designed a digital band trap to inhibit the strand waves of wire ropes. The sizes of different defects, which were processed and recognized with statistics, were described as binary images. Furthermore, Zhang et al. [12] designed a spatial filter to inhibit the strand texture of defects of grayscale image and extracted textural features of filtered defects. Finally, a BP neural network was designed and used for the quantitative identification of defects. Recently, most nondestructive testing (NDT) devices were designed using a permanent magnet as an excitation component, which excited wire rope to saturation magnetization. The MFL signals were captured by Hall sensors [10,11,12,13].

The most important aspect of a quantitative detection system is noise filtering of MFL signals. To some degree, the selected filtering algorithm would have a major effect on the quantitative inspection results. Taking into account the previously mentioned algorithm, Cao et al. [14] discussed the relationship between the temporal domain and spatial domain of electromagnetic testing signals of wire ropes, proposing a sampling theorem of the space-time signals, and the collection and processing of the space-time signals was described in detail. Tian et al. [15] combined wavelet transform (WT) and morphological transformation, and presented a morphological filtering algorithm used to inhibit the baseline drift of MFL signals. For the quantitative inspection method, Zhang and Xu [16] discussed the wavelet neural network model and weight-learning algorithm.

In this paper, GMR sensors were distributed uniformly on the circumference of the wire rope to capture the three-dimensional radial direction MFL signal of wire ropes’ residual magnetism. Compressed sensing (CS) and wavelet filtering algorithms were used to eliminate noise signals. The defect signal was translated into a two-dimensional image. For the image, the features that served as inputs for damage inspection were extracted. Experimental results show that this method can better distinguish the amount and width of broken wires and depict circumferential distribution of the defects. The device has the advantages of high detection speed, high precision, structural simplicity, as well as being lightweight, small in size, and low cost.

The paper is organized as follows: the remanence detection head device, data acquisition board and MFL imaging approach are introduced in Section 2. Section 3 focuses on noise elimination, which includes reprocessing the MFL signal and using the CSWF algorithm. The filtered MFL signal was grayed into an image that was interpolated circumferentially. Next, positioning detects and dividing negative axle waveform of defects, extracting morphological eigenvalues and invariant moments as identification vector. Section 4 presents a BP neutral network design that uses the extracted vector as inputs. Finally, the quantitative inspection of broken wires was completed. Section 5 includes comments and the discussion of this paper. Section 6 concludes the paper indicating major achievements and future scope of this work.

Often generically referred to as Crosby clips and occasionally as bulldogs we offer both forged and malleable wire rope clips. Forged clips are required for use in overhead lifting. The malleable clips are recommended for non critical light duty applications such as guard rails, guy wires etc. The efficiency rating on the proper number of properly applied wire rope clips is 80% of the strength of the wire rope. We offer both offshore and Genuine Crosbie Wire Rope Clips. Fist Grips have a couple of advantages over Wire Rope clips in that they are impossible to apply incorrectly and they damage the rope less in situations where the clip will be removed.

Wire rope clips must be re tightened after applying load. In accordance with good rigging practice wire rope and its terminations should be regularly inspected.

Unfortunately, polyester melts at approx. 250°C (~480°F). Research has shown that a 2k luminair-housing can reach temperatures of about 190°C (~370°F), with the truss-chord straight over it being almost 140°C (~280°F). Accidents have been reported of round slings being melted by spots, pyro or the heat of the rays, and as a result, trusses have fallen. When round slings are used, a safety backup must be applied such as a wire rope or chain sling.

So rather than have a backup steel sling why not make the sling out of steel but softer than a single cable. A steel round sling has a normal outside webbing for soft slings, but instead of the polyamide core, the steel round sling has a core made of many small steel cables, which makes it resistant to high temperatures. The steel wires within the steel round are as flexible as a normal soft sling, but have a much better fire resistance. The steel round can be used in circumstances where the normal soft slings are not allowed.

The outside webbing is black, including an identification label and a hidden inspection window to inspect the steel wires within the sling. The wire-rope core has better heat resistance than the truss itself.

Down Stage Right can supply most of your rope and cordage requirements from twill tape and black cotton tie line to large diameter manila and polyester ropes and braids. To make life very very confusing the synthetic fibre ropes are all available in either a 3 strand, solid braid, double braid or parallel core configuration in nylon, polyester or more exotic materials. Polyester ropes are available in a spun or non spun finish. Due to the huge number of different sizes, colours, materials and braid types combinations (and to simplify things) Down Stage Right Industries stocks several favourites that we have found the theatrical industry usually purchases. If you need a particular rope we are happy to bring in the particular configuration and colour that you want. Please call for details or recommendations for a particular product.

Often mislabeled as hemp, manila is significantly stronger and is used in for hand lines in counterweight rigging and as general purpose spot line rope. We only carry #1 grade sea worthy manila. Manila has generally been replaced by synthetics in our industry

Working loads are guidelines only. Once put into service rope is continually deteriorating. Manila rope will deteriorate in storage even under ideal conditions.

Solid braid ropes are sometimes referred to as “sash cord” because this pattern was used to raise sash windows. It is formed by braiding 8 to 18 strands in a reasonably complicated pattern with all the strands rotating in the same direction on the braider. The individual stitches are oriented in the same direction as the rope. The center may contain a filler core. These ropes maintain their round shape well and therefore work exceptionally well in pulleys and sheaves. They tend to have high elongation and are generally less strong than other forms of construction, and are difficult to splice.

"Double braid" ropes, also referred to as "Marine Ropes" or "Yacht Braid" or “2 in 1” are perhaps the most well known braided rope on the market today. They are constructed of a hollow braided rope, which acts as a core inside another braided rope. The combination of the 2 ropes in 1 results in a rope with higher tensile strength than commonly found in twisted ropes. The inner rope and outer rope are generally designed to share the load fairly evenly. Double braid ropes have a torque free construction, and are easily spliced. However, caution must be exercised where double braid ropes are run over pulleys, through hardware or in any situation where the outer rope may slide along on the inner rope and bunch up. This condition, often called "milking", will cause dramatic loss of strength by causing the entire load to go onto the inner rope, because the sheath is bunched up and therefore not under the same tension as the inner rope. Polyester double braid ropes big advantage is that they do not have the same stretch as nylon. They can also be made with a soft “spun” covering giving a better hand feel. The elasticity of nylon ropes can absorb sudden shock loads that would break other ropes.

Manufactured by New England Ropes Stage Set X is a superior replacement for manila with a longer life, much higher strength and no slivers. This rope was specially developed as a replacement for manila hand lines in counterweight rigging and we find it to be Cadillac of the synthetic hand line ropes. Multiline II is a three stranded rope with the same ideals in mind. It is more economically priced and has slightly different handling characteristics.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: New England Ropes" Stage-Set X is the softest, strongest and most environmentally stable product available in the theatre industry for counterweight systems. It"s parallel core of polyester fibre contained within a helically wrapped polyester tape and covered by a braided polyester jacket, remains firm and round under all load conditions and resists crushing in rope locks.

Compliance to the above specifications is based upon testing according to the Cordage Institute Standard Testing Methods for Fiber Rope and/or ASTM D-4268 Standard Methods of Testing Fiber Ropes.

Tensile strengths - Are approximate average for new, unused ropes. To estimate the minimum tensile strength of a new rope, reduce the approximate average by 15% (Cordage Institute defines minimum tensile strength as two standard deviations below the average tensile strength of the rope).

Good resistance to the passage of electrical current. However in rope form, dirt, surface contaminants, water entrapment and the like can significantly affect dielectric properties. Extreme caution should be exercise any time a rope is in the proximity of live circuits.

No blanket working load recommendation can be made because it depends on the application and conditions of use, especially potential danger to personnel. It is recommended that the user establish working loads and safety factors based on professional and experienced assessments of risks. The working load is a guideline for the use of a rope in good condition for non-critical applications and should be reduced where life, limb, or valuable property is involved, or exceptional service such as shock, sustained loading, severe vibration, etc.

The Cordage Institute specifies that the Safe Working Load of a rope shall be determined by dividing the Minimum Tensile Strength by the Safety Factor. Safety factors range from 5 to 12 for non-critical uses, 15 for life lines.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Multiline II is a 3-strand composite rope, its unique construction combines filament and staple/spun polyester wrapped around a polyolefin core (smaller than 1/2" diameter does not have polyolefin core). Multiline II feels and handles like manila, yet provides greater durability, higher strength, lighter weight, and a consistent supple feel over time.

Compliance to the above specifications is based upon testing according to the Cordage Institute Standard Testing Methods for Fiber Rope and/or ASTM D-4268 Standard Methods of Testing Fiber Ropes.

Tensile strengths - Are approximate average for new, unused ropes. To estimate the minimum tensile strength of a new rope, reduce the approximate average by 15% (Cordage Institute defines minimum tensile strength as two standard deviations below the average tensile strength of the rope).

Good resistance to the passage of electrical current. However in rope form, dirt, surface contaminants, water entrapment and the like can significantly affect dielectric properties. Extreme caution should be exercise any time a rope is in the proximity of live circuits.

No blanket working load recommendation can be made because it depends on the application and conditions of use, especially potential danger to personnel. It is recommended that the user establish working loads and safety factors based on professional and experienced assessments of risks. The working load is a guideline for the use of a rope in good condition for non-critical applications and should be reduced where life, limb, or valuable property is involved, or exceptional service such as shock, sustained loading, severe vibration, etc.

The Cordage Institute specifies that the Safe Working Load of a rope shall be determined by dividing the Minimum Tensile Strength by the Safety Factor. Safety factors range from 5 to 12 for non-critical uses, 15 for life lines.

CIVMATS produces high quality stainless steel wire rope. Our annual production capacity is roughly 8000 tons, among which stainless steel wire rope amounts to 400 tons per month. The tolerance of our stainless steel wire rope can be as small as ±0.01mm. CIVMATS produces strictly according to ISO9001:2000. Every product delivered from CIVMATS is a reputation warranty.

Wire rope can be divided into multi-strand wire rope and single-strand wire rope. It is structured with at least two layers of steel wire or a plurality of strands spirally wound around a center or a core. Stainless steel wire rope refers to a steel wire rope made of stainless steel. In dynamic systems, stainless steel wire ropes are widely applied in the lifting of cranes and elevators, the transmission of mechanical power, the control of automobile cockpit poles and the operation of aircraft control systems, etc. In static systems, stainless steel wire ropes are also employed in various industries such as the stability of the sling bridge"s pulling support tower and the design of new railings.

Stainless steel wire rope features high temperature resistance, good fatigue resistance, excellent breaking force, long service life and durability. It is widely used in coal, petroleum, metallurgy, chemical industry, shipbuilding, bridge, electric power, rubber, military, tourism, water conservancy and light industry. The products can be produced according to ISO, BS, DIN, JIS, ABS, LR and other international and foreign advanced standards

In CIVMATS, all of our stainless steel wire ropes are packaged as per international standard to prevent any possible damage or loss. They are neatly wrapped in accurate length with securely tied rope ends. For enhanced customer experience, we also provide dedicated package as per your special requirements.

Our main grades for stainless steel wire rope are 304 and 316. We can also customize stainless steel wire rope as per your specified grades and sizes for your reference.

1. Point contact: The adjacent stainless steel wires contact in the form of point in the strands. The diameters of all the stainless steel wires, excluding the central wire are equal, and the strands are formed by layering.

2. Line contact: There is a linear contact between the adjacent layers of stainless steel wire in the strand, and the strands are made of stainless steel wires of different diameters in one process.

4. Point and line contact: There are two kinds of contact forms between the adjacent layers of stainless steel wires in the strand. The strands are made of wires of different diameters.

1. In the equipment reform of chemical, fertilizer, chemical fiber and other industries, stainless steel wire rope was used for the deployment of the updated equipment.

2. Stainless steel wire ropes are used in the applications of popular stainless steel welding rods and a considerable number of stainless steel components, springs, connecting parts, etc.,

5. Stainless steel wire ropes are also extensively used in railway electrification, decoration industry, rigging industry, fishing gear industry, automobile and motorcycle industry and other industries.

Wire rope and cable are each considered a “machine”. The configuration and method of manufacture combined with the proper selection of material when designed for a specific purpose enables a wire rope or cable to transmit forces, motion and energy in some predetermined manner and to some desired end.

Two or more wires concentrically laid around a center wire is called a strand. It may consist of one or more layers. Typically, the number of wires in a strand is 7, 19 or 37. A group of strands laid around a core would be called a cable or wire rope. In terms of product designation, 7 strands with 19 wires in each strand would be a 7×19 cable: 7 strands with 7 wires in each strand would be a 7×7 cable.

Materials Different applications for wire rope present varying demands for strength, abrasion and corrosion resistance. In order to meet these requirements, wire rope is produced in a number of different materials.

Stainless Steel This is used where corrosion is a prime factor and the cost increase warrants its use. The 18% chromium, 8% nickel alloy known as type 302 is the most common grade accepted due to both corrosion resistance and high strength. Other types frequently used in wire rope are 304, 305, 316 and 321, each having its specific advantage over the other. Type 305 is used where non-magnetic properties are required, however, there is a slight loss of strength.

Galvanized Carbon Steel This is used where strength is a prime factor and corrosion resistance is not great enough to require the use of stainless steel. The lower cost is usually a consideration in the selection of galvanized carbon steel. Wires used in these wire ropes are individually coated with a layer of zinc which offers a good measure of protection from corrosive elements.

Cable Construction The greater the number of wires in a strand or cable of a given diameter, the more flexibility it has. A 1×7 or a 1×19 strand, having 7 and 19 wires respectively, is used principally as a fixed member, as a straight linkage, or where flexing is minimal.

Selecting Wire Rope When selecting a wire rope to give the best service, there are four requirements which should be given consideration. A proper choice is made by correctly estimating the relative importance of these requirements and selecting a rope which has the qualities best suited to withstand the effects of continued use. The rope should possess:Strength sufficient to take care of the maximum load that may be applied, with a proper safety factor.

Strength Wire rope in service is subjected to several kinds of stresses. The stresses most frequently encountered are direct tension, stress due to acceleration, stress due to sudden or shock loads, stress due to bending, and stress resulting from several forces acting at one time. For the most part, these stresses can be converted into terms of simple tension, and a rope of approximately the correct strength can be chosen. As the strength of a wire rope is determined by its, size, grade and construction, these three factors should be considered.

Safety Factors The safety factor is the ratio of the strength of the rope to the working load. A wire rope with a strength of 10,000 pounds and a total working load of 2,000 pounds would be operating with a safety factor of five.

It is not possible to set safety factors for the various types of wire rope using equipment, as this factor can vary with conditions on individual units of equipment.

The proper safety factor depends not only on the loads applied, but also on the speed of operation, shock load applied, the type of fittings used for securing the rope ends, the acceleration and deceleration, the length of rope, the number, size and location of sheaves and drums, the factors causing abrasion and corrosion and the facilities for inspection.

Fatigue Fatigue failure of the wires in a wire rope is the result of the propagation of small cracks under repeated applications of bending loads. It occurs when ropes operate over comparatively small sheaves or drums. The repeated bending of the individual wires, as the rope bends when passing over the sheaves or drums, and the straightening of the individual wires, as the rope leaves the sheaves or drums, causing fatigue. The effect of fatigue on wires is illustrated by bending a wire repeatedly back and forth until it breaks.

The best means of preventing early fatigue of wire ropes is to use sheaves and drums of adequate size. To increase the resistance to fatigue, a rope of more flexible construction should be used, as increased flexibility is secured through the use of smaller wires.

Abrasive Wear The ability of a wire rope to withstand abrasion is determined by the size, the carbon and manganese content, the heat treatment of the outer wires and the construction of the rope. The larger outer wires of the less flexible constructions are better able to withstand abrasion than the finer outer wires of the more flexible ropes. The higher carbon and manganese content and the heat treatment used in producing wire for the stronger ropes, make the higher grade ropes better able to withstand abrasive wear than the lower grade ropes.

Effects of Bending All wire ropes, except stationary ropes used as guys or supports, are subjected to bending around sheaves or drums. The service obtained from wire ropes is, to a large extent, dependent upon the proper choice and location of the sheaves and drums about which it operates.

A wire rope may be considered a machine in which the individual elements (wires and strands) slide upon each other when the rope is bent. Therefore, as a prerequisite to the satisfactory operation of wire rope over sheaves and drums, the rope must be properly lubricated.

Loss of strength due to bending is caused by the inability of the individual strands and wires to adjust themselves to their changed position when the rope is bent. Tests made by the National Institute of Standards and Technology show that the rope strength decreases in a marked degree as the sheave diameter grows smaller with respect to the diameter of the rope. The loss of strength due to bending wire ropes over the sheaves found in common use will not exceed 6% and will usually be about 4%.

The bending of a wire rope is accompanied by readjustment in the positions of the strands and wires and results in actual bending of the wires. Repetitive flexing of the wires develops bending loads which, even though well within the elastic limit of the wires, set up points of stress concentration.

The fatigue effect of bending appears in the form of small cracks in the wires at these over-stressed foci. These cracks propagate under repeated stress cycles, until the remaining sound metal is inadequate to withstand the bending load. This results in broken wires showing no apparent contraction of cross section.

Experience has established the fact that from the service view-point, a very definite relationship exists between the size of the individual outer wires of a wire rope and the size of the sheave or drum about which it operates. Sheaves and drums smaller than 200 times the diameter of the outer wires will cause permanent set in a heavily loaded rope. Good practice requires the use of sheaves and drums with diameters 800 times the diameter of the outer wires in the rope for heavily loaded fast-moving ropes.

It is impossible to give a definite minimum size of sheave or drum about which a wire rope will operate with satisfactory results, because of the other factors affecting the useful life of the rope. If the loads are light or the speed slow, smaller sheaves and drums can be used without causing early fatigue of the wires than if the loads are heavy or the speed is fast. Reverse bends, where a rope is bent in one direction and then in the opposite direction, cause excessive fatigue and should be avoided whenever possible. When a reverse bend is necessary larger sheaves are required than would be the case if the rope were bent in one direction only.

Stretch of Wire Rope The stretch of a wire rope under load is the result of two components: the structural stretch and the elastic stretch. Structural stretch of wire rope is caused by the lengthening of the rope lay, compression of the core and adjustment of the wires and strands to the load placed upon the wire rope. The elastic stretch is caused by elongation of the wires.

The structural stretch varies with the size of core, the lengths of lays and the construction of the rope. This stretch also varies with the loads imposed and the amount of bending to which the rope is subjected. For estimating this stretch the value of one-half percent, or .005 times the length of the rope under load, gives an approximate figure. If loads are light, one-quarter percent or .0025 times the rope length may be used. With heavy loads, this stretch may approach one percent, or .01 times the rope length.

The elastic stretch of a wire rope is directly proportional to the load and the length of rope under load, and inversely proportional to the metallic area and modulus of elasticity. This applies only to loads that do not exceed the elastic limit of a wire rope. The elastic limit of stainless steel wire rope is approximately 60% of its breaking strength and for galvanized ropes it is approximately 50%.

Preformed Wire Ropes Preformed ropes differ from the standard, or non-preformed ropes, in that the individual wires in the strands and the strands in the rope are preformed, or pre-shaped to their proper shape before they are assembled in the finished rope.

This, in turn, results in preformed wire ropes having the following characteristics:They can be cut without the seizings necessary to retain the rope structure of non-preformed ropes.

They are substantially free from liveliness and twisting tendencies. This makes installation and handling easier, and lessens the likelihood of damage to the rope from kinking or fouling. Preforming permits the more general use of Lang lay and wire core constructions.

Removal of internal stresses increase resistance to fatigue from bending. This results in increased service where ability to withstand bending is the important requirement. It also permits the use of ropes with larger outer wires, when increased wear resistance is desired.

Outer wires will wear thinner before breaking, and broken wire ends will not protrude from the rope to injure worker’s hands, to nick and distort adjacent wires, or to wear sheaves and drums. Because of the fact that broken wire ends do not porcupine, they are not as noticeable as they are in non-preformed ropes. This necessitates the use of greater care when inspecting worn preformed ropes, to determine their true condition.

Made of multiple strands wound together, the steel Wire Rope is one of the most crucial components in a Crane. Each strand has a tensile strength ranging between 1470 N/mm2 and 2160N/mm2.As the load carrying rope used in the Hoisting Mechanism, it can be sent through different surface treatment to suit specific environmental condition.

Designed for higher breaking strength and better strength to weight ratio, our Crane Wire Rope is made of high-toughness steel wires that have been stretched to their tolerance limit prior to being stranded together to form a rope with optimum spacing between each strand.

Even if wire strands are tightly twisted, there still be spaces in places where the strand touches with each other. To improve the fill factor of the wire rope, we have added irregularly-shaped wire strand to the rope and sent it through rotary swaging process. Steel wires that are laid in a parallel pattern increase the cross section of the rope.

Special-purpose steel rope is commonly seen in various engineering projects. Via precision design and rigorous test, the rope usually can meet very high safety standards.

a. Wires: steel wires for wire ropes are normally made of non-alloy carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.4 to 0.95%. The tensile forces and to run over sheaves with relatively small diameters.

b. Strand: the strand is a component of wire rope usually consisting of an assembly of wires of appropriate diamsions laid helically in one or more layers around a central element.

c. Core: the core is the central element, of fiber or steel, around which are laid helically the outer strands of wire rope. The core provides proper support for the strands under normal bending and loading conditions.

d. Wire rope is several strands of metal wire twisted into a helix forming a composite "rope", in a pattern known as "laid rope". Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands.

Zinc coated carbon steel offers some corrosion resistance. It remains ductile over long periods of working. Usually higher break strengths than stainless steels.