wire rope companies near me made in china

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.

Wire ropes can be seen everywhere around us, they are made of strands or bundles of individual wires constructed around an independent core, suitable for construction, industrial, fitness, commercial, architectural, agricultural, and marine rigging applications.

Wire rod is made from high carbon steel wires(0.35 to 0.85 percent carbon) in a hot rolling process of a required diameter, usually from 5.5mm to 8 mm.

Wire rod is drawn to the required diameter by the 1st drawing machine after descaling dust and rust, adding mechanical properties suitable for application.

Positioning the wires different or the same size lay in multiple layers and same direction, or cross lay and diameter is maintained by one-third of the rope size.

So in theory, it is very simple to manufacture wire ropes. However there are many more details that must be closely monitored and controlled, and this requires time and experienced personnel since it is a super complicated project you cannot imagine.

Established in 2005, Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. is a professional steel wire rope manufacturer and exporter with a profound experience. The company is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China covering an area of 57,108.70 square meters. They have a total annual production of steel wire rope is 25000 to 30000 tons and a registered capital 13 million U.S. dollars. Jiangsu Safety Steel Wire Rope Co., Ltd. has plenty of high-quality products to offer.Toho-Rongkee

Chongqing Toho-Rongkee Electronic and Machinery Co., Ltd is one of the best wire rope manufacturers in China that follows ISO 9001:2008, TUV, CE, SGS qualification standard on every production method and fabricated. Also offer a wide range of lifting tools, equipment, and various riggings that meet your standards. Employs over 1000 skilled workers and staff in 7 advanced factories in China.Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd

Tianli Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd is specialized in manufacturing steel wire ropes headquarters in Dainan Town, Jiangsu Province China. Currently having more than 50 existing employees in over 6600 square meters factory area. They can provide excellent advice and assistance to ensure you obtain the right products at the lowest cost.Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company

With more than 40 years of manufacturing and technique experience, you can totally rely on Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, they have excellent production lines, modern production techniques, and excellent quality control systems. All products such as steel wire, pre-stressed wire rope, PVC coated wire rope, etc. are not only famous with excellent quality but in reasonable prices and considerate services in China. This company also receives good popularity in the overseas market.Nantong Jiaan Metal Material Co., Ltd.

Established in 2013, Jiaan Metal Material is one of the respected manufacturers of steel wire rope located in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. All the production methods, from raw material smelting, heat treatment, wire drawing, and rope twisting to physical and chemical performance examining, are under strict and scientific control based on ISO 9001 certification standard.Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd.

Started in 1998, Nantong Lili hardware products Co., Ltd. continually improving and striving to provide high-grade wire rope to customers worldwide. ISO9001:2008, ISO14001:2004 certified company located in Jiangsu, China. They mainly engaged in producing steel wire rope, stainless steel wire, steel strip, stainless steel strip, spring steel strip, spring steel wire, carbon steel wire, and more.Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd.

Set up in the year 2016, Nantong New Jianghai Internation Trade Co., Ltd is an expert wire rope provider situated in Nantong, China. Owns advanced technologies and machinery to manufacture a high-class and comprehensive quality solution. They have more than 70 professional employees working and improving products according to ISO9001:2015 authentication.Jiangsu Zhongying Steel Cable Co., Ltd.

Established in 2004, Zhongying Steel Cable is one of the leading manufacturers and reputable provider of steel wire ropes situated in Nantong, Jiangsu, China. Their factory has 80, 000 square meters and the building area is about to 65,000 square meters. Workshops are equipped with advanced producing equipment and comprehensive testing facilities that’s why the partnership with them will bring business satisfaction for you.Qingdao Haito Rigging Hardware Co., Ltd

A large enterprise located in Qingdao, Shandong, China, which engaged in manufacturing rigging hardware such as steel wire rope accessories, wire rope clips, load binder, chain, wire rope, and more. They have an abundant supply of superior quality products. Founded in 2009, Haito Rigging Hardware continuously developed and improving products supported by good experience and professional employees.Gustav Wolf

With over 130 years of experience and development, Gustav Wolf is a leading superior steel wire and steel wire ropes manufacturer associated with quality and safety. Produced products according to ISO9001:2015, ISO14001:2015 certification which can meet your requirements and demands. Employs over 115 hardworking workers and staff who aim to serve customers with honesty, loyalty, and perseverance.Jiangsu Xiangchuan Rope Technology Co., Ltd.

Specialized in manufacturing high-standard wire rope, Xiangchuan Rope Technology is a dedicated supplier and manufacturer with vast experience in the field. Own a modern facility with an area of about 38, 000 square meters and employs 138 staff members and workers. Their advanced production equipment, technical know-how, skilled workers guarantee that in Xiangchuan Rope Technology you have a reliable partner.JULI SLING CO., LTD.

For more than 33 years of experience in creating comprehensive products such as wire rope, JULI SLING earned a good reputation in the steel industry appreciated by foreign and domestics customers. JULI is recognized as a pioneer in China’s lifting and rigging industry, the standard makers in rigging field, the advocate of worldwide rigging civilization. Partnership with this company will skyrocket your business project.Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd

Nantong Julong Metal Products Co., Ltd is a large private enterprise founded in 2009 that specialized in producing any types of wire rope, headquarters in Jiangsu, China. Get 100% ideal products, at a cost-effective price here in Julong Metal. Be one of their satisfied customers such as in Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Asia, the Middle East, etc.YunFeng Steel Wire Rope Products Ltd.

Located in Jiangsu province, China, YunFeng Steel Wire Rope is a professional manufacturer of all kinds of wire rope offer in excellent quality and reasonable price to customers. They can meet customers’ demands and requirements by manufacturing all kinds of products with international standards.Sinounion Industries

Founded in 1999, Sinounion Industries is a professional Steel Wire Rope manufacturer in China. Also offer Rigging Hardware, Lifting Equipment, and various Forging & Casting products. All products are manufactured according to ISO9001, ISO14001, CE, and GS standards. The company owns a wide factory area in Qingdao, Shandong province with about 35000 square meters.Ningbo BST Metal Products Co., Ltd.

Established in 2002, BST Metal Products is one of the largest and reputable steel wire rope manufacturers in China with an area of 78,000 square meters factory workshop. Backed up by more than 350 professional people & technical engineers who have a vast experience in the field, BST Metal Products ensure great and fast production exceed the national and international guidelines.Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd.

As an ISO9001:2015, ISO/TS16949:2009, ISO9001: 2000 certified company, Jiangsu Yasheng Metal Products Co., Ltd. devoted itself to producing excellent products at a favorable cost. If you`re looking for a wire rope manufacturer, then Yasheng Metal Products is the best choice! Get 100% quality products prepared by solid technical strength and professional service team.Chongqing Geyo Machinery corporation

Geyo Machinery corporation a reliable manufacturing company that focuses on research, production, sales, and service of high-quality products. Mainly engaged in manufacturing wire rope, wire rope slings, tamping rammer, power trowel, scarifying machine, etc. They have their own advanced production facilities, expert technical team, and a professional quality control team.SHANGHAIMETAL

Started in the year 1980, SHANGHAIMETAL is a premier wire rope provider. Together with a team of experts, innovative machinery, and dedicated workers, they guarantee absolute customer satisfaction. Shanghai Metal is always passionate about working and supplying excellent services to clients throughout the world. All their products are manufactured with high-quality at a reasonable cost.Huazhuo HD Machinery

Established in 1958, Qingdao Huazhuo HD Machinery Co., Ltd. is a trusted wire rope manufacturer with a profound experience, strong workmanship, and professional service team that ensures the best product at best price offer to clients around the world. A leading supplier of high-standard wire rope, rigging hardware, marine hardware, chain, lifting tools, and other high-grade metal products.

For more than 29 years, Pacific Gulf Wire Rope, Inc. has been a leader in the wire rope and rigging industry. Our success is clearly based on long term relationships with our customers; commitment to provide high quality products, along with offering the maximum in safety, service, & cost-efficiency to every customer. Our dedication to service and competitive pricing are the direct result of these long term relationships. Our longevity is a testament of our commitment to our customers.

Shandong Xingying Environmental Energy Technology Co. LTD is one of the largest manufacturers of steel wire ropes in China. Since establishment in 1993, Xingying has plenty of experience over 20 years and has laid the world"s foundation. Xingying runs company adhering to the principle: quality first, customer highest and service are first-rate.

We have the most complete facility and skilled workers; meanwhile, we select the best material for manufacturing of steel wire ropes. What we have done is to ensure our products will meet even exceed the requirement of our customers. Most of all, our price is reasonable so that can reduce the budget of our customers efficiently.

Beside above products, steel wire ropes can be manufactured upon your request. Do not forget to enclose the design of your ropes for custom order when emailing.

Taking advantages of over 20 years" experience, we knows what types of ropes our customer want most of all. So it is our goal to build wire ropes as good as it can built to suit your project, whether in mining, elevator, crane, gas or oil drilling industries. For Xingying, our vision is to see that the user gets the satisfaction he has a right to expect.

To fulfill the goal, our service team will have a close contact with our customer to learn about what they need. Then our professional engineering team will give the best solution that suits your project perfectly as well as in a reasonable price.

If you have question, drop us an email and our staff will be more than happy to respond to your inquiry. Our email address is sales@goldoxwiremesh.com.

Elite Sales, Inc. offers its brand of products to help its customers compete successfully in their respective markets. As a company, we pride ourselves on our commitment to supply only as a wholesale cable distributor .

We offer products to distributors in industries ranging from commercial fishing and cargo transportation to agriculture and construction. Our customer base includes cable manufacturers, regional distributors, industry-specific supply providers, and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

Tianjin Goldsun Wire Rope Limited (the〝Goldsun〞) is a specialist manufacturer of elevator ropes that is venture between by Hong Kong Publicly Listed Company, Golik Holdings Limited and Tianjin Metallurgy Group Co., Limited, a Top 500 manufacturing enterprise in China. The company pioneered the development and manufacture of wire ropes in China and today distinguishes itself as the market leader in the industry in the manufacture and supply of wire rope products and OEM elevator ropes.

Formed in January 2002, Goldsun perpetuates the beliefs of the importance of quality management, innovation, technical and quality excellence, product leadership, and people development in our pursuit to grow and reach out to more customers. In 2010, Goldsun’s “Three Stage” development strategy guided the investment to build a new RMB150 million state-of-the-art manufacturing facility that is capable of 40,000 tonnes annual output of high-quality and specialized wire ropes. Production began in April 2011 and has enabled the company to deliver better products to our customers at an even higher level of customer experience and satisfaction. Along with an in-house research and development (R&D) unit, the facility at present is equipped with advanced SKET pre-stretch closers, double twist bunchers, sisal core machines, in addition to well over 300 sets of leading domestic surface cleaning, wire drawing, heat treatment, stranding, closing and fatigue testing equipment to place Goldsun as one of the world’s largest integrated single product manufacturer and supplier of its category.

The future and long-term orientation culture ofGoldsun to invest in R&D, technology and in developing the competence of our people in various capacities and across specialist disciplines had allowed us to produce the widest range of elevator ropes in the world that meets customer requirements and complies with OTIS, Japanese and International standards.

In addition to being ISO9001:2000 and Otis Q-Plus certified, Goldsun had also achieved the Korean KTL Production Certification and was first in China to pass fatigue tests conducted at Otis HQ’s Farmington Engineering Test Centre. In 2004,Goldsun supplied the special high speed elevator ropes for the Guinness World Record Zhangjiajie Bailong Elevator which remains in active use today and is highly commended. Furthermore, multiple accolades in product quality excellence was earned numerous times including the National Golden Cup Award, the prestigious designation as the nation’s Top 10 enterprise brand satisfaction survey in 2006, and for five consecutive times over a period of fifteen year, laurels in product and after-sale service excellence by the China Quality Association Users Committee and National Construction Machinery Equipment Users Committee.

At the heart of Goldsun’s world-class capabilities in R&D, design and manufacture are bespoke services and solutions for our customers starting from application selection through to installation and maintenance. Our wide selection of products and our network of service centers in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing, Suzhou and Chengdu give us the ability to offer customers timely services in cut-to-length orders, packaging and distribution; and make Goldsun the top supplier of elevator ropes in China for many years running. Goldsun is also the qualified supplier for companies like OTIS, Hitachi, Toshiba, Yongtay, Tissen, and etcetera.

Goldsun believes building a collaborative relationship with our customers is the key to our success. Goldsun strives to become your most valuable partner in delivering the best products and services through listening to your requirements and paying close attention to your valuable feedback.

A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have tensile strength and so can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, string, and twine.

Rope may be constructed of any long, stringy, fibrous material, but generally is constructed of certain natural or synthetic fibres.tensile strength, they are more resistant to rotting than ropes created from natural fibres, and they can be made to float on water.UV light.

Common natural fibres for rope are Manila hemp, hemp, linen, cotton, coir, jute, straw, and sisal. Synthetic fibres in use for rope-making include polypropylene, nylon, polyesters (e.g. PET, LCP, Vectran), polyethylene (e.g. Dyneema and Spectra), Aramids (e.g. Twaron, Technora and Kevlar) and acrylics (e.g. Dralon). Some ropes are constructed of mixtures of several fibres or use co-polymer fibres. Wire rope is made of steel or other metal alloys. Ropes have been constructed of other fibrous materials such as silk, wool, and hair, but such ropes are not generally available. Rayon is a regenerated fibre used to make decorative rope.

The twist of the strands in a twisted or braided rope serves not only to keep a rope together, but enables the rope to more evenly distribute tension among the individual strands. Without any twist in the rope, the shortest strand(s) would always be supporting a much higher proportion of the total load.

Because rope has a long history, many systems have been used to specify the size of a rope. In systems that use the inch (Imperial and US customary measurement systems), large ropes over 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter – such as those used on ships – are measured by their circumference in inches; smaller ropes have a nominal diameter based on the circumference divided by three (as a rough approximation of pi). In the metric system of measurement, the nominal diameter is given in millimetres. The current preferred international standard for rope sizes is to give the mass per unit length, in kilograms per metre. However, even sources otherwise using metric units may still give a "rope number" for large ropes, which is the circumference in inches.

Rope has been used since prehistoric times.construction, seafaring, exploration, sports, theatre, and communications. Many types of knots have been developed to fasten with rope, join ropes, and utilize rope to generate mechanical advantage. Pulleys can redirect the pulling force of a rope in another direction, multiply its lifting or pulling power, and distribute a load over multiple parts of the same rope to increase safety and decrease wear.

The use of ropes for hunting, pulling, fastening, attaching, carrying, lifting, and climbing dates back to prehistoric times. It is likely that the earliest "ropes" were naturally occurring lengths of plant fibre, such as vines, followed soon by the first attempts at twisting and braiding these strands together to form the first proper ropes in the modern sense of the word. The earliest evidence of suspected rope is a very small fragment of three-ply cord from a Neanderthal site dated 50,000 years ago.

A 40,000-year-old tool found in Hohle Fels cave in south-western Germany was identified in 2020 as very likely to be a tool for making rope. It is a 20 cm (8 in) strip of mammoth ivory with four holes drilled through it. Each hole is lined with precisely cut spiral incisions.

Impressions of cordage found on fired clay provide evidence of string and rope-making technology in Europe dating back 28,000 years.Fossilized fragments of "probably two-ply laid rope of about 7 mm [0.28 in] diameter" were found in one of the caves at Lascaux, dating to approximately 15,000 BC.

The ancient Egyptians were probably the first civilization to develop special tools to make rope. Egyptian rope dates back to 4000 to 3500 BC and was generally made of water reed fibres.date palms, flax, grass, papyrus, leather, or animal hair. The use of such ropes pulled by thousands of workers allowed the Egyptians to move the heavy stones required to build their monuments. Starting from approximately 2800 BC, rope made of hemp fibres was in use in China. Rope and the craft of rope making spread throughout Asia, India, and Europe over the next several thousand years.

From the Middle Ages until the 18th century, in Europe ropes were constructed in ropewalks, very long buildings where strands the full length of the rope were spread out and then laid up or twisted together to form the rope. The cable length was thus set by the length of the available rope walk. This is related to the unit of length termed splicing to make them long enough to use for sheets and halyards. The strongest form of splicing is the short splice, which doubles the cross-sectional area of the rope at the area of the splice, which would cause problems in running the line through pulleys. Any splices narrow enough to maintain smooth running would be less able to support the required weight.

Leonardo da Vinci drew sketches of a concept for a ropemaking machine, but it was never built. Remarkable feats of construction were accomplished using rope but without advanced technology: In 1586, Domenico Fontana erected the 327 ton obelisk on Rome"s Saint Peter"s Square with a concerted effort of 900 men, 75 horses, and countless pulleys and meters of rope. By the late 18th century several working machines had been built and patented.

Some rope is still made from natural fibres, such as coir and sisal, despite the dominance of synthetic fibres such as nylon and polypropylene, which have become increasingly popular since the 1950s.

Nylon was discovered in the late 1930s and was first introduced into fiber ropes during World War II. Indeed, the first synthetic fiber ropes were small braided parachute cords and three-strand tow ropes for gliders, made of nylon during World War II.

Laid rope, also called twisted rope, is historically the prevalent form of rope, at least in modern Western history. Common twisted rope generally consists of three strands and is normally right-laid, or given a final right-handed twist. The ISO 2 standard uses the uppercase letters S and Z to indicate the two possible directions of twist, as suggested by the direction of slant of the central portions of these two letters. The handedness of the twist is the direction of the twists as they progress away from an observer. Thus Z-twist rope is said to be right-handed, and S-twist to be left-handed.

Twisted ropes are built up in three steps. First, fibres are gathered and spun into yarns. A number of these yarns are then formed into strands by twisting. The strands are then twisted together to lay the rope. The twist of the yarn is opposite to that of the strand, and that in turn is opposite to that of the rope. It is this counter-twist, introduced with each successive operation, which holds the final rope together as a stable, unified object.

Traditionally, a three strand laid rope is called a plain- or shroud-laid, and a larger rope formed by counter-twisting three or more multi-strand ropes together is called cable-laid.cable virtually waterproof. Without this feature, deep water sailing (before the advent of steel chains and other lines) was largely impossible, as any appreciable length of rope for anchoring or ship to ship transfers, would become too waterlogged – and therefore too heavy – to lift, even with the aid of a capstan or windlass.

One property of laid rope is partial untwisting when used.stretching, kinking, or hockling of the rope itself. An additional drawback of twisted construction is that every fibre is exposed to abrasion numerous times along the length of the rope. This means that the rope can degrade to numerous inch-long fibre fragments, which is not easily detected visually.

Twisted ropes have a preferred direction for coiling. Normal right-laid rope should be coiled clockwise, to prevent kinking. Coiling this way imparts a twist to the rope. Rope of this type must be bound at its ends by some means to prevent untwisting.

While rope may be made from three or more strands,rappelling or to suspend an arborist. Other specialized cores reduce the shock from arresting a fall when used as a part of a personal or group safety system.

Braided ropes are generally made from nylon, polyester, polypropylene or high performance fibres such as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) and aramid. Nylon is chosen for its strength and elastic stretch properties. However, nylon absorbs water and is 10–15% weaker when wet. Polyester is about 90% as strong as nylon but stretches less under load and is not affected by water. It has somewhat better UV resistance, and is more abrasion resistant. Polypropylene is preferred for low cost and light weight (it floats on water) but it has limited resistance to ultraviolet light, is susceptible to friction and has a poor heat resistance.

Braided ropes (and objects like garden hoses, fibre optic or coaxial cables, etc.) that have no lay (or inherent twist) uncoil better if each alternate loop is twisted in the opposite direction, such as in figure-eight coils, where the twist reverses regularly and essentially cancels out.

Single braid consists of an even number of strands, eight or twelve being typical, braided into a circular pattern with half of the strands going clockwise and the other half going anticlockwise. The strands can interlock with either twill or plain weave. The central void may be large or small; in the former case the term hollow braid is sometimes preferred.

Double braid, also called braid on braid, consists of an inner braid filling the central void in an outer braid, that may be of the same or different material. Often the inner braid fibre is chosen for strength while the outer braid fibre is chosen for abrasion resistance.

In solid braid, the strands all travel the same direction, clockwise or anticlockwise, and alternate between forming the outside of the rope and the interior of the rope. This construction is popular for general purpose utility rope but rare in specialized high performance line.

Kernmantle rope has a core (kern) of long twisted fibres in the center, with a braided outer sheath or mantle of woven fibres. The kern provides most of the strength (about 70%), while the mantle protects the kern and determines the handling properties of the rope (how easy it is to hold, to tie knots in, and so on). In dynamic climbing line, core fibres are usually twisted to make the rope more elastic. Static kernmantle ropes are made with untwisted core fibres and tighter braid, which causes them to be stiffer in addition to limiting the stretch.

Plaited rope is made by braiding twisted strands, and is also called square braid.arborists. It is also a popular rope for anchoring and can be used as mooring warps. This type of construction was pioneered by Yale Cordage.

Endless winding rope is made by winding single strands of high-performance yarns around two end terminations until the desired break strength or stiffness has been reached. This type of rope (often specified as cable to make the difference between a braided or twined construction) has the advantage of having no construction stretch as is the case with above constructions. Endless winding is pioneered by SmartRigging and FibreMax.

The sport of rock climbing uses what is termed "dynamic" rope, an elastic rope which stretches under load to absorb the energy generated in arresting a fall without creating forces high enough to injure the climber. Such ropes are of kernmantle construction, as described below.

Conversely, "static" ropes have minimal stretch and are not designed to arrest free falls. They are used in caving, rappelling, rescue applications, and industries such as window washing.

The UIAA, in concert with the CEN, sets climbing-rope standards and oversees testing. Any rope bearing a GUIANA or CE certification tag is suitable for climbing. Climbing ropes cut easily when under load. Keeping them away from sharp rock edges is imperative. Previous falls arrested by a rope, damage to its sheath, and contamination by dirt or solvents all weaken a rope and can render it unsuitable for further sport use.

Rock climbing ropes are designated as suitable for single, double or twin use. A single rope is the most common, and is intended to be used by itself. These range in thickness from roughly 9 to 11 mm (0.35 to 0.43 in). Smaller diameter ropes are lighter, but wear out faster.

Double ropes are thinner than single, usually 9 mm (0.35 in) and under, and are intended for use in pairs. These offer a greater margin of safety against cutting, since it is unlikely that both ropes will be cut, but complicate both belaying and leading. Double ropes may be clipped into alternating pieces of protection, allowing each to stay straighter and reduce both individual and total rope drag.

Twin ropes are thin ropes which must be clipped into the same piece of protection, in effect being treated as a single strand. This adds security in situations where a rope may get cut. However new lighter-weight ropes with greater safety have virtually replaced this type of rope.

Rope made from hemp, cotton or nylon is generally stored in a cool dry place for proper storage. To prevent kinking it is usually coiled. To prevent fraying or unravelling, the ends of a rope are bound with twine (whipping), tape, or heat shrink tubing. The ends of plastic fibre ropes are often melted and fused solid; however, the rope and knotting expert Geoffrey Budworth warns against this practice thus:

Sealing rope ends this way is lazy and dangerous. A tugboat operator once sliced the palm of his hand open down to the sinews after the hardened (and obviously sharp) end of a rope that had been heat-sealed pulled through his grasp. There is no substitute for a properly made whipping.

If a load-bearing rope gets a sharp or sudden jolt or the rope shows signs of deteriorating, it is recommended that the rope be replaced immediately and should be discarded or only used for non-load-bearing tasks.

The average rope life-span is 5 years. Serious inspection should be given to line after that point.mission-critical applications, such as mooring lines or running rigging, should be regularly inspected on a much shorter timescale than this, and rope used in life-critical applications such as mountain climbing should be inspected on a far more frequent basis, up to and including before each use.

Many types of filaments in ropes are weakened by corrosive liquids, solvents, and high temperatures. Such damage is particularly treacherous because it is often invisible to the eye.

"Rope" is a material, and a tool. When it is assigned a specific function it is often referred to as a "line", especially in nautical usage. A line may get a further distinction, for example sail control lines are known as “sheets” (e.g. A jib sheet).

A halyard is a line used to raise and lower a sail, typically with a shackle on its sail end. Other maritime examples of “lines” include anchor line, mooring line, fishing line, marline. Common items include clothesline and a chalk line.

International Association of Fire Chiefs; National Fire Protection Association (2008). Fundamentals of Fire Fighter Skills. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. p. 499. ISBN 978-0-7637-5342-9. Retrieved 15 November 2018.

Lucas, C.; Galway-Witham, J.; Stringer, C. B.; Bello, S. M. (11 June 2019). "Investigating the use of Paleolithic perforated batons: new evidence from Gough"s Cave (Somerset, UK)". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 11 (10): 5231–5255. doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00847-y. Retrieved 24 April 2022.

Small, Meredith F. (April 2002), "String theory: the tradition of spinning raw fibres dates back 28,000 years. (At The Museum).", Natural History, 111 (3): 14(2)

J. Bohr and K. Olsen (2010). "The ancient art of laying rope". EPL. 93 (6): 60004. arXiv:Bibcode:2011EL.....9360004B. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/93/60004. S2CID 20678986.

National Research Council (U.S.) (1975). Mechanical Rope and Cable: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Mechanical Rope and Cable, National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Sociotechnical Systems, National Research Council. National Academies. pp. 51–54.

Lane, Frederic Chapin, 1932. The Rope Factory and Hemp Trade of Venice in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Journal of Economic and Business History, Vol. 4 No. 4 Suppl. (August 1932).

Plymouth Cordage Company, 1931. The Story of Rope; The History and the Modern Development of Rope-Making, Plymouth Cordage Company, North Plymouth, Massachusetts

Bodmer, Rudolph John; Bodmer, Amelie Willard (1914). "Rope". The Book of Wonders: Gives Plain and Simple Answers to the Thousands of Everyday Questions that are Asked and which All Should be Able To, But Cannot Answer. Presbrey syndicate. pp. 353 onwards.

Kulkoni, Inc. is a leading supplier of high quality import and domestic lifting and rigging products. Our customers, distributors and fabricators, serve the lifting, rigging, and load securement needs of North America’s most challenging industries. These industries include, but are not limited to, construction, oil & gas, and transportation.

Only the best wire rope manufacturers in the world manufacture Kulkoni’s imported steel wire ropes. It has a competitive price and offers the performance and quality you expect from us. Available in 6X19 and 6X36 classes, our bright finished wire rope is easily identified by our blue and yellow colored strands. We also offer a great variety of galvanized finished steel wire ropes.

High quality. Long rope life expectancy. Our American Wire Rope™ provides dependability you rely on in challenging environments. This wire rope is made exclusively in the United States for Kulkoni, Inc. (stranded and closed in USA since 1999). It is available in 6X19 and 6X36 classes with bright and galvanized finishes to meet customers’ specific applications.

Consistently developing steel wire products that meet the highest quality standards has made us a strong partner of the automotive industry. Customers engage and co-create with us in our common quest for solutions that address ecological, safety and performance trends.

Thanks to the technology of coated high carbon flat spring wire a next generation window wiper was developed based on 6 parts instead of 23 parts with 50% weight reduction and better aerodynamic behavior.

We share the expertise and passion to facilitate an equitable contribution in machine design and equipment maintenance. At Bekaert, we build our own core machinery, so we know exactly what it takes to make high-performance, safe, and durable

Consumer goods require increasingly higher standards for quality, ecology and comfort. The demand for more advanced steel wire products evolves accordingly. Often unknown, but always there - our solutions are a part of the products we all use every day.

Fencing, guiding, and tensioning solutions combine our product and service offering to the agricultural sector, while our heavy-duty steel ropes are used in fishery and forestry. The story of Bekaert started in 1880 with barbed wire and has continuously grown from these roots.

Many Bekaert products are used in exploring and processing raw materials, from coal and metals, to pulp and paper, to chemicals and gas. Whether you are active in the mining industry, in recycling or in filtration, we are committed to serving your needs.

At CERTEX USA, we set the standard for rigging supplies, lifting products and world-class fall protection as well as the top industrial rescue courses and critical testing services. Many companies and workers around the country rely on our expansive line of quality lifting equipment and products. From wire rope to wire mesh slings, to hoists, clamps, blocks and sheaves, CERTEX USA has the lifting equipment you will need to get the job done correctly, safely and on schedule. When it comes to rigging equipment, supplies and lifting products, you shouldn’t have to worry about choosing between the highest-quality products available and the products offered at affordable prices. At CERTEX USA, we have you covered with quality lifting products at competitive prices.

Rope diameter is specified by the user and is generally given in the equipment manufacturer’s instruction manual accompanying the machine on which the rope is to be used.

Rope diameters are determined by measuring the circle that just touches the extreme outer limits of the strands— that is, the greatest dimension that can be measured with a pair of parallel-jawed calipers or machinist’s caliper square. A mistake could be made by measuring the smaller dimension.

The right way to unreel.To unreel wire rope from a heavy reel, place a shaft through the center and jack up the reel far enough to clear the floor and revolve easily. One person holds the end of the rope and walks a straight line away from the reel, taking the wire rope off the top of the reel. A second person regulates the speed of the turning reel by holding a wood block against the flange as a brake, taking care to keep slack from developing on the reel, as this can easily cause a kink in the rope. Lightweight reels can be properly unreeled using a vertical shaft; the same care should be taken to keep the rope taut.

The wrong way to unreel.If a reel of wire rope is laid on its flange with its axis vertical to the floor and the rope unreeled by throwing off the turns, spirals will occur and kinks are likely to form in the rope. Wire rope always should be handled in a way that neither twists nor unlays it. If handled in a careless manner, reverse bends and kinks can easily occur.

The right way to uncoil.There is only one correct way to uncoil wire rope. One person must hold the end of the rope while a second person rolls the coil along the floor, backing away. The rope is allowed to uncoil naturally with the lay, without spiraling or twisting. Always uncoil wire rope as shown.

The wrong way to uncoil.If a coil of wire rope is laid flat on the floor and uncoiled by pulling it straight off, spirals will occur and kinking is likely. Torsions are put into the rope by every loop that is pulled off, and the rope becomes twisted and unmanageable. Also, wire rope cannot be uncoiled like hemp rope. Pulling one end through the middle of the coil will only result in kinking.

Great stress has been placed on the care that should be taken to avoid kinks in wire rope. Kinks are places where the rope has been unintentionally bent to a permanent set. This happens where loops are pulled through by tension on the rope until the diameter of the loop is only a few inches. They also are caused by bending a rope around a sheave having too severe a radius. Wires in the strands at the kink are permanently damagedand will not give normal service, even after apparent “re-straightening.”

When wire rope is wound onto a sheave or drum, it should bend in the manner in which it was originally wound. This will avoid causing a reverse bend in the rope. Always wind wire rope from the top of the one reel onto the top of the other.Also acceptable, but less so, is re-reeling from the bottom of one reel to the bottom of another. Re-reeling also may be done with reels having their shafts vertical, but extreme care must be taken to ensure that the rope always remains taut. It should never be allowed to drop below the lower flange of the reel. A reel resting on the floor with its axis horizontal may also be rolled along the floor to unreel the rope.

Wire rope should be attached at the correct location on a flat or smooth-faced drum, so that the rope will spool evenly, with the turns lying snugly against each other in even layers. If wire rope is wound on a smooth-face drum in the wrong direction, the turns in the first layer of rope will tend to spread apart on the drum. This results in the second layer of rope wedging between the open coils, crushing and flattening the rope as successive layers are spooled.

A simple method of determining how a wire rope should be started on a drum. The observer stands behind the drum, with the rope coming towards him. Using the right hand for right-lay wire rope, and the left hand for left lay wire rope, the clenched fist denotes the drum, the extended index finger the oncoming rope.

Clips are usually spaced about six wire rope diameters apart to give adequate holding power. They should be tightened before the rope is placed under tension. After the load is placed on the rope, tighten the clips again to take care of any lessening in rope diameter caused by tension of the load. A wire rope thimble should be used in the eye of the loop to prevent kinking.

U-bolt Clips.There is only one correct method for attaching U-bolt clips to wire rope ends, as shown in TheRightWayimage below. The base of the clip bears on the live end of the rope; the “U” of the bolt bears on the dead end.

Compare this with the incorrect methods. Five of the six clips shown are incorrectly attached—only the center clip in the top view is correct. When the “U” of the clip bears on the live end of the rope, there is a possibility of the rope being cut or kinked, with subsequent failure.

Proper seizing and cutting operations are not difficult to perform, and they ensure that the wire rope will meet the user’s performance expectations. Proper seizings must be applied on both sides of the place where the cut is to be made. In a wire rope, carelessly or inadequately seized ends may become distorted and flattened, and the strands may loosen. Subsequently, when the rope is operated, there may be an uneven distribution of loads to the strands; a condition that will significantly shorten the life of the rope.

Either of the following seizing methods is acceptable. Method No. 1 is usually used on wire ropes over one inch in diameter. Method No. 2 applies to ropes one inch and under.

Method No. 1: Place one end of the seizing wire in the valley between two strands. Then turn its long end at right angles to the rope and closely and tightly wind the wire back over itself and the rope until the proper length of seizing has been applied. Twist the two ends of the wire together, and by alternately pulling and twisting, draw the seizing tight.

The Seizing Wire. The seizing wire should be soft or annealed wire or strand. Seizing wire diameter and the length of the seize will depend on the diameter of the wire rope. The length of the seizing should never be less than the diameter of the rope being seized.

Proper end seizing while cutting and installing, particularly on rotation-resistant ropes, is critical. Failure to adhere to simple precautionary measures may cause core slippage and loose strands, resulting in serious rope damage. Refer to the table below ("Suggested Seizing Wire Diameters") for established guidelines. If core protrusion occurs beyond the outer strands, or core retraction within the outer strands, cut the rope flush to allow for proper seizing of both the core and outer strands.

The majority of wire rope problems occurring during operation actually begin during installation, when the rope is at its greatest risk of being damaged. Proper installation procedures are vital in the protection and performance of wire rope products.

Until the rope is installed it should be stored on a rack, pallet or reel stand in a dry, well-ventilated storage shed or building. Tightly sealed and unheated structures should be avoided as condensation between rope strands may occur and cause corrosion problems. If site conditions demand outside storage, cover the rope with waterproof material and place the reel or coil on a support platform to keep it from coming directly in contact with the ground.

While lubrication is applied during the manufacturing process, the wire rope must still be protected by additional lubrication once it is installed. Lubricants will dry out over a period of time and corrosion from the elements will occur unless measures are taken to prevent this from happening. When the machine becomes idle for a period of time, apply a protective coating of lubricant to the wire rope. Moisture (dew, rain, and snow) trapped between strands and wires will create corrosion if the rope is unprotected. Also apply lubricant to each layer of wire rope on a drum because moisture trapped between layers will increase the likelihood of corrosion.

Always use the nominal diameter as specified by the equipment manufacturer. Using a smaller diameter rope will cause increased stresses on the rope and the probability of a critical failure is increased if the rated breaking strength does not match that of the specified diameter. Using a larger diameter rope leads to shorter service life as the rope is pinched in the sheave and drum grooves which were originally designed for a smaller diameter rope. Just as using a different diameter rope can create performance problems, so can the use of an excessively undersized or oversized rope.

Measure the wire rope using a parallel-jawed caliper as discussed in Measuring Rope Diameter at the top of this page. If the rope is the wrong size or outside the recommended tolerance, return the rope to the wire rope supplier. It is never recommended nor permitted by federal standards to operate cranes with the incorrect rope diameter. Doing so will affect the safety factor or reduce service life and damage the sheaves and drum. Note that in a grooved drum application, the pitch of the groove may be designed for the rope’s nominal diameter and not the actual diameter as permitted by federal standards.

Wire rope can be permanently damaged by improper unreeling or uncoiling practices. The majority of wire rope performance problems start here.Improper unreeling practices lead to premature rope replacement, hoisting problems and rope failure.

Place the payout reel as far away from the boom tip as is practical, moving away from the crane chassis. Never place the payout reel closer to the crane chassis than the boom point sheave. Doing so may introduce a reverse bend into the rope and cause spooling problems. Follow the guidelines highlighted under Unreeling and Uncoiling and Drum Winding. Take care to determine whether the wire rope will wind over or under the drum before proceeding. If the wire rope supplier secured the end of the rope to the reel by driving a nail through the strands, ask that in the future a U-bolt or other nondestructive tie-down method be used; nails used in this manner damage the rope.

Take extra precaution when installing lang lay, rotation-resistant, flattened strand or compacted ropes. Loss of twist must be avoided to prevent the strands from becoming loosened, causing looped wire problems.

The end of the rope must be securely and evenly attached to the drum anchorage point by the method recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Depending on the crane’s regulatory requirements, at least two to three wraps must remain on the drum as dead wraps when the rope is unwound during normal operations. Locate the dead end rope anchorage point on the drum in relation to the direction of the lay of the rope. Do not use an anchorage point that does not correspond with the rope lay. Mismatching rope lay and anchorage point will cause the wraps to spread apart from each other and allow the rope to cross over on the drum. Very gappy winding will occur resulting in crushing damage in multilayer applications.

Back tension must be continually applied to the payout reel and the crewman installing the rope must proceed at a slow and steady pace whether the drum is smooth or grooved.Regardless of the benefits of a grooved drum, tension must be applied to ensure proper spooling. An improperly installed rope on a grooved drum will wear just as quickly as an improperly installed rope on a smooth drum. If a wire rope is poorly wound and as a result jumps the grooves, it will be crushed and cut under operating load conditions where it crosses the grooves.

Every wrap on the first or foundation layer must be installed very tightly and be without gaps. Careless winding results in poor spooling and will eventually lead to short service life. The following layers of rope must lay in the grooves formed between adjacent turns of the preceding layer of rope. If any type of overwind or cross-winding occurs at this stage of installation and is not corrected immediately, poor spooling and crushing damage will occur.

On a multilayer spooling drum be sure that the last layer remains at least two rope diameters below the drum flange top. Do not use a longer length than is required because the excess wire rope will cause unnecessary crushing and may jump the flange. Loose wraps that occur at any time must be corrected immediately to prevent catastrophic rope failure.

The use of a mallet is acceptable to ensure tight wraps, however a steel-faced mallet should be covered with plastic or rubber to prevent damage to the rope wires and strands.

Rotation-resistant ropes of all constructions require extra care in handling to prevent rope damage during installation. The lay length of a rotation-resistant rope must not be disturbed during the various stages of installation. By introducing twist or torque into the rope, core slippage may occur—the outer strands become shorter in length, the core slips and protrudes from the rope. In this condition the outer strands become over- loaded because the core is no longer taking its designed share of the load. Conversely, when torque is removed from a rotation-resistant rope core slippage can also occur. The outer strands become longer and the inner layers or core become overloaded, reducing service life and causing rope failure.

The plain end of a wire rope must be properly secured. If the entire cross section of the rope is not firmly secured, core slippage may occur, causing the core to pull inside the rope’s end and allowing it to protrude elsewhere, either through the outer strands (popped core) or out the other end of the line. The outer layer of the outside strands may also become overloaded as there is no complete core-to-strand support.

Secure the ends of the rope with either seizing or welding methods as recommended under Seizing Wire Rope. It is imperative that the ends be held together tightly and uniformly throughout the entire installation procedure, including attaching the end through the wedge socket and the drum dead end wedge

When installing a new line, connect the old line to the new line by using a swivel-equipped cable snake or Chinese finger securely attached to the rope ends. The connection between the ropes during change-out must be very strong and prevent torque from the old rope being transferred into the new rope.Welding ropes together or using a cable snake without the benefit of a swivel increases the likelihood of introducing torque into the new rope. A swivel-equipped cable snake is not as easy as welding the ropes, but this procedure can be mastered with a little patience and practice.

(3/4/16 – Australian Mining) When it comes to productivity and progress, ingenuity is the backbone of the mining industry. Many will agree that mining activities have been the precursor to almost every significant technological development in our history. The period to which we attribute the most exponential growth in technology, the Industrial Revolution, owes everything to a few key inventions. The steam engine, the Bessemer Method and dynamite are often listed as the most important inventions of the modern age, but there is one other without which these things would not have had such remarkable impact on our lives.

They say you should never visit the sausage factory, and that may be true, but the wilfully ignorant are not to be trusted, and steel wire rope is certainly a special type of sausage. It was a visit that put me through the emotional spectrum, from disinterested to bemused, to bewildered, and finally awed at the sheer scale of the operation. It’s a little bit like when you find out where babies come from: Horrifying and weird to begin with, but before long you find yourself utterly fascinated…

Flexible steel wire rope has been one of the mainstays of heavy industry for more than a hundred years. Whether you want to lash down scaff planks, carry out lifting and cranage, use draglines for surface mining, or even pull down a massive statue of Saddam Hussein, wire rope has thousands of applications.

The Wirerope Works factory in Williamsport, Pennsylvania has a long history of producing this essential component of progress in the 20th century, and although cheaper imports from China and India continue to flood the market, the caretakers of the Bethlehem Wire Rope brand are still proud to produce a product of the highest quality on local labour and quality materials.

Based in Lycoming County in Pennsylvania, Wirerope Works (WRW) began its life as the Morrison Patent Wire Rope Company in 1886. The original mill was built upstream on the banks of the Susquehanna River to service the softwood logging industry, however regular flooding led to the relocation and inevitable expansion of the factory in the town of Williamsport.

The design and manufacture of steel wire rope was no longer in its infancy at that stage. The first practical use of steel rope in 1834 was credited to a German mining official named Wilhelm August Julius Albert, who worked at the Clausthal silver mines in Saxony.

Up until that point, all mining haulage was done with hemp fibre rope or chains. In the humid, damp conditions of an underground mine, moisture would cause the ropes to perish from rot, the gradual deterioration reducing their load bearing capacity, so they required frequent replacement.

Chains at that time were no better in terms of safety, as the Bessemer process for making steel was not invented until 1855. Iron chains lacked elasticity, but were also metallurgically inconsistent and therefore, unreliable. A single weak link could make a chain prone to catastrophic failure without warning, and there was no way of knowing which might be the weakest.

That first incarnation of modern steel wire rope was extremely effective for heavy haulage, and much more reliable than rope or chain. Albert Rope, as it came to be known, was a simple construction of three 3.5mm gauge wrought-iron wires, hand-wound into strands, with three or four of those strands wound into a single rope. However, Albert rope lacked the flexibility of rope or chain, meaning it couldn’t be drawn through a pulley sheave, and its use stopped in the 1850s.

But the idea for wire rope had already caught on in England, where thinner wires were woven around a fibre core, with six of those strands woven around a central fibre core, resulting in a more flexible product. This design, as well as a mechanical system for its construction (called a strander), was patented by Robert Newall, who brought the new technology to America, and the boom-time economy of the California Gold Rush.

However, it was in Pennsylvania where a German-born engineer and surveyor named John Roebling began to develop ropes which were entirely constructed of wire. Roebling used a 6/19 construction (6 strands; 19 wires per strand). A strand built of 19 wires of the same gauge resulted in a hexagonal profile, and desiring a round shape Roebling conceived of using three different gauges of wire to achieve that result. The effect of this was to reduce the space inside the rope, tightly packing the wires together, which gave the rope greater stability under load.

With massive demand for coal haulage in Pennsylvania, as well as cable car applications for public transportation, and most importantly civil engineering projects to service, Roebling set up a wire rope factory in 1849 in Trenton, New Jersey. But he wasn’t the first to invest in a factory like that: Other people had the same idea, and wire rope mills were starting to pop up around the United States. In only 14 years wire rope had gone from a hand-made experiment in a German silver mine, to a globally recognised tool of industry with high demand for scaled-up production.

If Roebling had any hubris about cashing in on this amazing new invention, you could be forgiven for thinking it was a little dampened when his arm and shoulder were horrifically mangled in an accident with one of his stranding machines. But it would seem that Roebling’s interest in wire rope was not strictly for profit, however, as he had for some time harboured a bit of an obsession with sketching suspension bridges. He was a big fan of the expansionist philosophy of Manifest Destiny, and had been very keen on establishing a utopian settlement called Germania (now the town of Saxonburg), where people like him trying to escape the brutal oppression of post-Prussian War Europe could be free to make sauerkraut and smoked pork products, unmolested by the authorities.

As luck would have it, farming cabbages didn’t really agree with Roebling. He had studied in Berlin under the best academics in engineering, architecture, bridge construction, and hydraulics that Germany had to offer. Roebling was a very gifted individual, recognised at a young age as he grew up in Mühlhausen in Saxony, only 100 kilometres from the silver mines of Clausthal.

But Roebling recovered from his injuries, his factory continued to produce wire rope, and he designed and built a number of suspension bridges using his own product right up until he began design work for the Brooklyn Bridge. Unfortunately, Roebling managed to get his foot crushed by a ferry while standing on a dock trying to work out where the bridge should go. He died of tetanus 24 days later, but his son Washington went on to complete the Brooklyn Bridge project, while his son Charles would invent an 80 tonne wire rope machine.

By 1886, the year the Brooklyn Bridge was opened, a venture like setting up a wire rope factory in Pennsylvania was not at all a bad way to invest $100,000 (probably about $US3 million today), and that is precisely what three businessmen from Williamsport did.

Morrison Patent was changed to the Williamsport Wire Rope Company in 1888, manufacturing steel and galvanised wire rope “from one-eighth of an inch to two and one-half inches in diameter, and any length up to two miles in one continuous piece”, according to an 1892 history of Lycoming County.

The lumber boom in Lycoming peaked in 1891, and the neighbouring Indiana County saw a coal-mining boom start in 1900, so the industrial economy was perfect for the growth of the Williamsport rope mill. A new wire mill was built in 1916, and the current rope mill was built in 1928, which was pretty poor timing considering the Great Depression would start the next year.

By 2004, the Williamsport site had been bought and sold a number of times, changing company names like a serial divorcee, acquiring assets from other defunct companies such as Roebling Wire Rope (the company started by John Roebling in 1849) but always keeping the Bethlehem Wire Rope brand, which became synonymous with top quality steel cable, and is still proudly emblazoned on their rope spools to this day.

In 2002 Williamsport Wirerope Works bought out the bankrupt Paulsen Wire Rope, a rope mill located in nearby Sunbury, and continued to produce under the Paulsen name. But by 2003 the company was also in financial strife, and the management were looking for another buyer who could bail out the company and keep the 600,000 square foot Bethlehem factory running.

The US wire rope manufacturing industry had changed dramatically over the course of 100 years. From an exciting new industry that would allow explosive growth in the productivity of coal mining through the development of dragline surface mining operations in the early 20th century, as well as enabling some of the biggest civil engineering projects ever seen since the Pyramids of Giza, the US stable of 27 wire rope companies had been consolidated down to just three names: Bridon, WireCo, and Bethlehem.

Bridon is another Pennsylvania company, based 100 kilometres away in Wilkes-Barre. Unlike Williamsport which remained a local manufacturer, Bridon expanded rapidly, acquiring other wire rope companies and branching out across the world, developing into a massive, multinational conglomerate, as did WireCo Worldgroup.

With two global entities for domestic competition, Bethlehem also faced increasing pressure from low-cost offshore wire rope producers in countries like China, Korea and India.

Present executive vice-president Lamar J Richards remembers circumstances were looking grim for the Bethlehem brand and for the local employees, with a bid for takeover by Pennsylvania, USA and world market rival WireCo Worldgroup in late 2003.

“Instructions from the ownership at the time were, because we were about to be bought by a competitor we really weren’t going to be making wire, so we had to get rid of all the raw material, the rod, our starting point for the wire,” he said.

“We were later informed by our assessor that the deal probably wasn’t going to go through, and then our sole rod supplier went out of business in November. We didn’t really