wire rope isolators damping made in china

Look to Enidine for high performance Wire Rope Isolators and Compact Wire Rope Isolators. The wire rope isolators have stainless steel cable and RoHS compliant aluminum retaining bars, which provides excellent vibration isolation. The isolators are corrosion resistant, which makes them environmentally stable and high-performance in a variety of applications. The isolators are completely unaffected by oil, chemicals, abrasives, ozone, and temperature extremes.

The compact wire rope isolator is smaller than a traditional wire rope and can absorb shock and vibration in small spaces. Single point mounting offers flexibility for integration into existing products.

Both compact wire rope isolators and wire rope isolators can be used on galley components where motors and fans produce vibrations onto surrounding structures. They can also be used to control vibration and thermal expansion.

Standard Wire Rope Vibration Isolators are comprised of stainless steel stranded cable threaded through aluminum alloy retaining bars that are mounted for effective shock and vibration isolation.

With their corrosion resistant, all metal construction, EKD wire rope vibration isolators are environmentally stable, high-performance shock and vibration isolators that are unaffected by chemicals, oil, ozone, abrasives and temperature extremes. Specially designed anti-vibration wire rope vibration isolator provides better performance and damping ratio based on clients’ requirements, particularly suitable for high bearing capacity requirements and high shock applications. Distortion ratio can be as high as 70-80%. This series products are widely used in civil and military equipments.

Loops:EKD"s wire rope vibration isolators can be purchased with the full number of loops, or as few as 2 loops. The number of loops is indicated in the isolator part number. Performance is provided for full loop isolators. Performance for reduced loop isolators can be obtained by a simple ratio.

Bellmouth:EKD"s wire rope isolators are available with a “bellmouth” option. The bellmouth feature includes mount bars with radii manufactured into the wire rope hole edges. This option is recommended for high fatigue applications. Add an “R” to the end of the part number.

Wire rope vibration isolators exhibit non-linear stiffness behavior. Small deflections, usually associated with vibration isolation, will have a different spring rate than larger shock deflections. EKD company publishes typical vibration stiffness value(Kv), and average shock stiffness values(Ks) within the catalog. These values can be used with the provided equations listed later to predict system performance. The stiffness values listed in the catalog are for full-loop versions. For reduced loop versions, ratio the stiffness by dividing the number of desired loops by the number of full loops.

We have compact wire rope isolator for sale! Hoan multi-application wire rope vibration isolator is used widely in the field of RC car, camera drone, UAV camera, video, military vehicles, highway transportation, marine, shipbuilding, navy, energy, photographic equipment, aerial equipment, communication apparatus, electronic sensing devices, mobile electronic devices, cameras or any other needed working conditions.

The automobile is a complex vibration system composed of multiple systems. The vibration of automobile or part would be generated when it is driving due to road roughness, speed and direction changes, the imbalance between wheels, engine and transmission system, gear impact and other external and internal excitation. The vibration of the automobile makes its power not fully exerted, affects the stability and smoothness of the automobile, causes the function of the automobile equipment to fail or even be damaged, and shortens the life of the automobile. With the continuous development of automobile to high speed and the heavy load, the demand for vibration isolation of automobiles is getting higher and higher, so it is very important to properly use an isolator to solve the problem of automobile vibration.

The wire rope isolators china can be divided into a passive wire rope vibration isolator mounts and active vibration isolator according to whether or not it needs energy. Passive vibration isolator has been widely used because of its simple structure, easy implementation, good economy, and reliability, without external energy. But because the damping is not adjustable, the isolation ability is limited. The active vibration isolator feels the vibration of the isolation object through the sensor and passes the output signal to the controller, then the actuator sends out action instructions and uses the external energy to change the stiffness and damping of the isolator to achieve the purpose of isolating the vibration. This kind of wire rope shock absorber overcomes the defect of passive wire rope vibration dampers that damping is not adjustable, but because the structure of the mechanical system is complex and the price is expensive, it is mainly used for vibration isolation of some advanced cars or heavy cars. In recent years, the continuous development of intelligent materials provides a research foundation for the development of new intelligent vibration isolators. The intelligent vibration isolator has great application potential in the field of automobile vibration isolation technology because of large stiffness and damping range, small energy consumption, the simple structure of the mechanical system, low manufacturing cost, high reliability, real-time response and good controllability.

Hoan is one of the leading wire rope isolators manufacturers in China. If you would like to know more about wire rope isolator price, welcome to inquiry and contact us today to see how our wire rope vibration isolator can benefit your special equipment application demands or in any way that we can help you meet your production requirements.

Wire mesh material can be manufactured in a multitude of shapes and sizes to accommodate your specific application needs. Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) are just one example of a product that can benefit from the use of wire mesh technology. Its high damping ...

Small Vibration Mount offers Big Performance Use Enidine Compact Wire Rope Isolators for the best performance in vibration isolation and small vibration mount configurations. The compact design is smaller than most wire ropes and can provide both shock an...

High Performance Vibration Damping  Look to Enidine for high performance Wire Rope Isolators and Compact Wire Rope Isolators. The wire rope isolators have stainless steel cable and RoHS compliant aluminum retaining bars, which provides excellent vibration...

To ensure safe and continuous operation, or for instance flawless and safe transport of (highly) sensitive equipment, adequate shock and vibrationprotection is essential. The adequate level of protection is typicallypredominated by combining the appropriate shock mounts, thoroughcalculation and understanding of the application. The advantage of a wire rope isolators (WRI)lies in its ability to combine a high levelof isolation while taking up relatively little space. WRI are captive by theirconstruction and may, for this reason, be loaded in any direction withoutthe risk of malfunctioning. WRI are not subject to aging due to externalfactors such as oil, saltwater, chemicals, and heat or cold. Mostapplications of WRI can be found in situations where equipment needs tobe mounted against shocks or vibration, but where sound isolation is ofminor importance.

mechanical, electrical or electronic equipment, vibration and shock tend to shorten the life of the machinery. It is not surprising to find equipment that has been withdrawn from service due to the severe impact of vibrations. A combination of repeated load or fatigue can be detrimental to the health of the machine. Under such circumstances, it is advisable to go in for suitable anti-vibration products like the wire rope vibration isolator.

Noise reduction: Traditionally, the wire rope vibration mounts are used for providing insulation from low-frequency vibrations. The wire vibration isolators are also frequently used for shock isolation applications. Recently a lot of interest has been generated in the use of wire rope vibration isolators for noise reduction within the audible frequency domain. The important parameter here is the stiffness of the wire rope. Thus, going against the popular belief, the wire rope vibration isolator is also suitable for abatement of noise application.

Damping and amplitude:The anti-vibration mount wire rope isolators provide quite a high damping just like rubber isolators. The separate threads of the twisted wire rope generate enough friction and are responsible for the phenomenon. The stiffness is strongly dependent on the frequency but is independent with respect to the vibration amplitudes, within the audible frequency range. The wire rope shock isolators depict a low stiffness for significantly high amplitudes in low-frequency applications. Thus, the behavioral patterns of the wire rope shock mounts are suited for vibration and shock isolation besides noise reduction in the audible frequency domain.

Limited space applications: The circular wire rope isolators occupy very little space and are passive in nature. Wherever there is a limitation of space the circular wire vibration isolators are the best bet. The circular wire rope isolators are definitely smaller in size but depict the properties similar to normal wire rope mounts. They also do not require any maintenance and can be termed as “Fit and Forget.”

We come across challenging work areas and harsh environments quite often. The defense forces have to tackle the tough terrains, rough seas and air turbulence during their routine forays. There are equipment, machines and sensitive electronic devices that are required to operate and perform in these conditions along with the human beings. The industrial environments with the chemicals, oils and water can be tough on the sensitive equipment and machines. The shock loads and vibrations can take their toll in the telling environment if not taken care of. This is where the wire rope isolators pitch in to effectively counter these forces and protect your equipment.

Simple construction with engineered design: The wire rope isolator is a simple looking piece of equipment. That is the reason you will find plenty of wire rope isolator

manufacturers around the world and in your local areas as well. The wire rope going round in loops through two aluminum brackets holding them looks easy to manufacture. However, there is a scientific engineering that is behind the design of a wire rope isolator. The diameter of the wire rope and the diameter of the loop are important considerations when it comes to meeting the vibration damping requirements. The elasticity of the loop makes it act as a spring which deflects under load. The deflection of 5 to 15 per cent is what the isolators can take easily.

Adequate corrosion protection: When you look at the wire rope isolators for sale a few things related to the corrosion resistance must be kept in mind. A good design makes sure that the isolator does not rust or corrode irrespective of the oil, water and chemical atmosphere that it is exposed to. The brackets are made of aluminum while the wire rope strands are of stainless steel. The hardware used must be plated in order to protect it from rusting. A good wire rope isolator manufacturer will ensure that all the environment protection systems are in order.

Helical wire rope isolators: The helical cable isolator is the commonly used product in the wire rope isolators damping applications. It is a versatile product providing maintenance-free service even in harsh environments. The selection tables help you in making a choice from the standard sizes with load capacities in the range from 1 KG to 2500 KGs. They are not only popular in the military applications but are also used in the industry. The capability of the wire rope isolators is well known to the engineers who do not hesitate in prescribing them for the areas that are prone to the passive vibrations.

Compact wire isolators: The circular wire rope isolators are recommended for applications where there is a limitation of space. The discerning feature is that they give the isolation protection in all the directions. The standard areas of application include avionics, electronics, and medical equipment but you will also find them in tough environments like military equipment, motors, pumps, and generators. Like the helical cable isolator, the circular wire rope isolators also provide a maintenance free operation and desired corrosion protection.

Andre HVAC International Inc. has been leading the drive against the vibrations with its wide range of wire rope mounts and isolators. If you try for wire rope isolators Canada you are likely to come across AHI. Being in this field since 2003, AHI offers customized solutions to its clients, wherever the need for the same arises. There are extensive wire rope isolator selection guides available in the form of catalogues and literature on the website for the ease of customers. The wire rope isolator price based on your selection is available on request.

Enidine Defense designs and manufactures suspension systems and vibration isolation systems for the military and defense sectors. Our Defense products are specifically designed for military applications including HERM (High Energy Rope Mount) mounts for cabinet isolation, SIDAS (Shock Isolator Double Acting Spring), DAMSI (Double Acting Mechanical Shock Isolator) and wire rope isolators for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) electronics. Additional divisions also offer a variety of motion control products, such as Aerospace Controls, which offers solutions for today"s most demanding Aviation and Defense Applications.

Enidine developed large displacement SKID isolators to protect next generation missile systems. A special elastomer was developed (Enitemp IV) to provide excellent shock isolation under a wide range of environmental conditions. ITT Enidine Inc."s skid isola...

Enidine Inc. developed the HERM (High Energy Rope Mount) Isolator for NAVY cabinet isolation and rafted deck systems. They have successfully passed barge testing and reduced shock inputs to levels compatible with COTS equipment.

To isolate heavy loads against shipboard shock inputs, ITT Enidine Inc. developed the Double Acting Mechanical Shock Isolator (DAMSI). The DAMSI is a purely mechanical shock isolator featuring our patented friction spring damping element. A single DAMSI rep...

Small Vibration Mount offers Big Performance Use Enidine Compact Wire Rope Isolators for the best performance in vibration isolation and small vibration mount configurations. The compact design is smaller than most wire ropes and can provide both shock an...

Wire rope isolators are mainly used to isolate vibration and protect precise equipment. However, the issue of regulation of vibration isolators taking into account the nonlinearity of their characteristics was poorly understood in the modern literature. In this paper, the influence of structural parameters (diameter ratio and lay pitch of the single strand, and lay pitch and bending radius of the wire rope) on stiffness-damping characteristics of the Polycal WRI was investigated by the simplified finite element analysis method. The stiffness and damping prediction models including structural parameters and material properties were established. The results showed that the stiffness-damping characteristics were the best; when the diameter ratio of wire strand was 1.1, the inside layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand, the outside layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, the pitch length of the wire rope was 7.5 times its diameter, and the bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm. The errors of the prediction for prestiffness and softened stiffness were within 5%, and the errors of prediction for the energy dissipation coefficient were within 10%.

Vibration is common in our lives. Especially in many industries, vibration is caused by the equipments operation, fluid flushing in pipes, and aero engine. This is harmful for operation safety [1–3]. Many vibration reduction and vibration suppression methods have been studied. Vibration isolators are widely applicable to production and living. Particularly, it is widely used in equipments with high load and vibration reduction requirements. In recent years, new type of vibration isolators and design of vibration isolation systems are hot topic for scholars. Wire rope isolator (WRI) has excellent rigidity damping characteristics, especially with high bearing capacity. It is widely used in mechanical manufacturing and construction. Therefore, it is necessary and significant to study the characteristics of the WRI with different structural parameters.

The characteristics of the WRI are studied through the experimental and theoretical methods [4–11]. Chen et al. [12] investigated the contact statues of a steel wire rope from the perspective of theoretical analysis. The result shows that the effect of the lay angle on the stiffness of the wire rope is different under different loads. Tinker and Cutchins [13] obtained the data of stiffness and damping characteristics of the WRI through dynamic experiment. It is also found that the damping of the WRI is related to coulomb-type friction. Demetriades et al. [14] studied the response characteristics under different loads for different structures of the WRI. The result indicated that the WRI exhibits the same characteristics under shear and roll loads. Wang et al. [15] experimentally investigated the effects of load frequency, amplitude and structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics of O-type WRIs. He found that the loading amplitude and geometric parameters of the isolator directly affects the dynamic characteristics of the isolator, while the loading frequency has no effect on it. Gerges [9] investigated the tension-compression mode of the wire rope spring. He presented a semianalytical model for a wire rope vibration isolator through experiment. Rashidi and Ziaei-Rad [7] investigated the quasi-static and dynamic characteristics of the WRI. It is suggested that there is not obviously relationship between hysteresis loops and loading velocity under quasi-static load. The dynamic results indicated that by increasing the frequency of excitation, the area of the hysteresis loop starts decreasing. Finally, a hysteresis analytical prediction model with high coincidence degree was established.

The finite element analysis method can reduce the cost of the experiment, and thus has been widely used in studying the characteristics of the WRI and wire ropes. Jiang et al. [16] found effective simplified finite element analysis method of analyzing the contact statues of wire ropes. It was found that the local contact deformation affects the accuracy of the results. Wang et al. [17] investigated the mechanical behavior of the YS9-8 × 19 braided wire rope under tensile load. By comparing the results of finite element analysis and experiment, the error between them was small, and the accuracy of the model was verified. By the finite element method, Xiang et al. [18] obtained the elastic-plastic contact stresses under axial and torsion loads of wire ropes, and investigated the elastic-plastic behavior of it. The finite element analysis results have a good agreement with the experimental test results, and a new prediction model was proposed. Yu et al. [19] applied the beam finite element method to analyzing axial tensile properties of the 91-wire strand. By comparing with the experiment results, the beam FEM could be used to predict the tensile properties of the steel wire rope. Song et al. [20] analyzed distributions of stress and deformation in the braided wire rope subjected to torsional loading. He found that the wires in the strands have the tendency to be screwed tightly and are in a stretched state when the lay direction of the strand coincides with its torsion direction. Cao and Wu [21] established the finite element model of wire ropes with different structural parameters and analyzed the stress distribution and deformation under cantilever beam state. The accuracy of the results of finite element analysis was slightly lower than the theoretical calculation results. Du et al. [22] presented a simulation of the 6 × 36 + WS RHRL wire rope. It is found that the stress of the wire rope was uneven, and the maximum stress occurs at the side of the wire. Yong et al. [23] conducted a finite element analysis of the IWRC636WS wire rope, and the elastic behavior of the wire rope under tensile loads was simulated. It is reported that nonlinear relationship between the axial tension and the axial elongation of the wire rope. Cen et al. [24] found effective simplified finite element analysis method by combining finite element method with experimental test. This method can be used to analyze the characteristics of the Polycal WRI. The above studies have studied the characteristics of wire ropes and vibration isolators by experiments and finite element methods and obtained some results. Considering the complexity of the wire rope isolator structure, there is less research on the relationship between the structural parameters of the WRI and the stiffness and damping characteristics of the WRI. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between them, and provide guidance for practical engineering applications.

In this paper, the stiffness and damping characteristics of WRIs with different structural parameters were investigated. These structural parameters were number of wire ropes, material of wire, rope diameter (D), rope lay pitch (), single wire rope diameter (d), single wire strand lay pitch (), and wire rope diameter ratio (nr). A stiffness-damping prediction model consists of structural parameters of the Polycal WRI were established, which aims to provide powerful help for the structural design and wire rope selection of the Polycal WRI.

The energy dissipation coefficient is a key parameter evaluating the effective vibration isolation property of a WRI. It is an important reference for evaluating the damping characteristics of the WRI. Because of sliding friction between the wire strands and the internal friction of wires, the isolators exhibit nonlinear hysteretic behavior. Typical load-displacement curve of the WRI is shown in Figure 1. The damping characteristics of the WRI are related with the area which is enclosed by the loading and unloading curve of the WRI under compression. The energy dissipation coefficient C was calculated as follows:where Aloop was the area of the hysteresis loop (N·mm), Fmax and Fmin were the maximum and minimum loads (N), respectively, of the WRI in the compression loading-unloading process. Xmax and Xmin were the maximum and minimum displacement (mm) in the loading-unloading process.

In most of the wire rope isolators, during the load-bearing process, the upper and lower pallets are mainly supported by the curved steel wire rope, and the bending stiffness and deformation process of the steel wire rope play a decisive role. Therefore, this paper mainly uses the stiffness and energy dissipation coefficient as indicators to measure the effectiveness of the wire rope isolators.

As shown in Figure 2(a), the WRI was composed of two pallets and twelve 6 × 19 IWS wire ropes. In this paper, the simplified finite element method is used to obtain the WRI load-displacement hysteresis loop, and the WRI stiffness damping of different structural parameters is discussed. We have referenced the simplified finite element method which was established by Cen et al. [24]. This method mainly simplified the single strand into a single wire. The 6 × 19 IWS wire rope was simplified into the 1 × 7 wire rope, as presented in Figure 2(b). Based on the simplified method, this paper studies the stiffness and damping characteristics of the isolators with different structural parameters and establishes the prediction model of the stiffness damping of the wire rope isolator with structural parameters as variables.

This paper is mainly based on the GGQ-99 Polycal WRI. By changing structural parameters, the diameter ratio and lay pitch of the single strand and lay pitch and bending radius of the wire rope, different finite element models were set.

In this presented model, the data source of the simulation of the WRIs refers to papers of Cen et al. [24], Jiang et al. [25], and Erdonmez and Imrak [26]. The material properties of the center and side wires are defined by the bilinear elastic-plastic kinematic hardening model in the ABAQUS material library, as shown in Table 1. By compression of corresponding strands, the max equivalent compression stress of the strand and equivalent compression elastic modulus are equal to and Ep, respectively. Ee is equal to the equivalent tension elastic modulus which is measured by the tension of the strands. The density is ρ = 7850 kg·m−3, and the Poisson’s ratio is μ = 0.3 [24].

The stiffness of the WRI determines the load-bearing capacity of the vibration isolation system, regardless of whether the WRI is subjected to a static load or a strong impact load. The softening load of the WRI and the subsequent softening stiffness both affect the efficiency of vibration isolation and stability of the entire isolator system. The damping characteristic reflects the ability to absorb shock vibration energy of the isolator in the vibration isolation system. There are many factors that affect the static stiffness and damping characteristics of the WRI, including the selection of the wire rope, number of wire ropes, material of steel wire, wire rope diameter (D), rope lay pitch (), single wire rope diameter (d), single wire strand lay pitch (), wire rope diameter ratio (nr), and arc wire rope bending radius (R).

As shown in Figure 3, the diameter ratio (nr) of the 1 + 6 + 12 center strand or the lay strand is defined as follows:where rc and rs are the diameters of the center wire and lay wire in the single strand, respectively.

Figure 3 shows the 1 + 6 + 12 single-strand wire rope. It was stipulated that the 1 + 6 + 12 single-strand wire rope has the same other structural parameters; the first layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the single wire rope, and the second layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the single wire rope. The diameter of the wire rope was 8 mm in the study of the GGQ-99 Polycal WRI. The diameter of the center strand was 2.839 mm, and the diameter of the lay strand was 2.581 mm. Obviously, the former was 1.1 times more than the latter. The lay pitch length was 60 mm (7.5 times diameter of the wire rope), and the bending radius was 46.5 mm of the arc wire rope. The diameters of the center wire and lay wire in different strands with different diameter ratios of the GGQ-99 are listed in Table 2.

According to the simplified FEM model, the tensile and compression of the single strand with different diameter ratios were calculated. The elastic tensile and compression modulus and compression ultimate load of the single strand were obtained. These mechanical parameters were used to calculate the stiffness-damping characteristics of the WRI. It is presented in Table 3. It could be seen that the elastic tensile modulus significantly reduced with increased diameter ratio. But the elastic compression modulus increased with increased diameter ratio. The compression ultimate load is kept steady basically with increased diameter ratio. The reason is that the compression ultimate load indicated the friction properties between the center wire and lay wire. The friction between the center wire and lay wire was retained about the same during calculating the model with different diameter ratios. So, the compression ultimate loads showed little changes.

According to the simplified FEM model, the compression loading-unloading processes of the GGQ-99 WRI with different diameter ratios were simulated. Different load-displacement hysteresis loop curves of the WRI are shown in Figure 4. The ratio between the prestiffness K1 and softened stage stiffness K2 indicated the impact resistance for the WRI. The smaller this value, the better the impact resistance. The energy dissipation coefficient was used to evaluate the damping characteristic. The higher this value, the better the damping characteristic. The results are shown in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 4, the compression load of the WRI increased with increasing of the diameter ratio of the wire strand. This result is related to the elastic compression modulus of the single strand. As shown in Figure 5, the ratio of K1 to K2 was increased with increasing of the diameter ratio of the wire strand. The ratio of K1 to K2 reached the minimum when the diameter ratio was equaled to 1.1. It means that the GGQ-99 WRI was easier to maintain the stability of the vibration isolation system through large deformation. The energy dissipation coefficient for the WRI decreased with increasing of the diameter ratio of the wire strand. When the ratio of the strand was equaled to 1.1, the energy dissipation coefficient reached maximum. These results indicate that the Polycal WRI has better damping characteristics, which could effectively consume the impact load and eliminate the vibration from the isolation system.

Based on the diameter ratio of the wire strand to 1.1, the main purpose of this section is to study the effect of the outer layer side wire pitch length () on the stiffness-damping of the Polycal WRI. During the process of creating the simulation model, the first layer side wire of the strand steel wire rope () was unchanged and equal to 6 times the diameter of the wire strand. The was 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times, and 11 times the diameter of the wire strand. The relation between the pitch length and diameter of the wire strand (d) is expressed in equation (3). The geometric dimensions of the single wire strands with different pitch lengths are shown in Table 4.

As shown in Table 5, the equipment tensile modulus, compression modulus, and softened stress of the wire strands with different were obtained by axial tension and compression. The modulus of the tension was continuously increased with increasing of the outer layer side wire pitch. The modulus of the compression had a small variation with increasing of the outer layer side wire pitch basically, and the maximum load of the corresponding compression process decreased.

The equipment tensile and compression performance of wire strands with different were used to define the bilinear elastic-plastic kinematic hardening material properties of the center and lay strand assembled in the GGQ-99 WRI. As shown in Figure 6, the load-displacement hysteresis loops of different lay pitches had a small variation. Besides, the modulus of the compression was not changing with increasing of the outer layer side wire pitch. Combined stiffness-damping characteristics of the GGQ-99 WRI with the different wire strand pout are shown in Figure 7. When the was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, the ratio of K1 to K2 reached the minimum. At the same time, the Polycal WRI had large prestiffness and the most obvious softening characteristics, not only could withstand large loads but also could easily maintain the stability of the vibration isolation system through large deformation under the action of large loads. The energy dissipation coefficient of the WRI remained basically unchanged, when the ratio of the outside lay pitch and the diameter of the strand increased.

In the process of compression loading-unloading of the Polycal WRI, not only the slippage of the wires exists in the strand but also the overall slippage of the strands in the rope. Therefore, the influence rule of the pitch length on the wire rope is discussed in this section. The diameter ratio, the inside layer wire pitch length and outside layer wire pitch, was equaled to 1.1. It was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand and 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, respectively. The relation between the pitch length and diameter of the wire rope (D) is expressed in equation (4). Table 5 lists the geometric dimensions of the single wire strands with different pitch lengths. The load-displacement hysteresis loops of the GGQ-99 WRI with different pitch lengths are shown in Figure 8.

As shown in Figure 8, the compression load of the WRI increased with increasing of the pitch length of the wire rope. The increase of the pitch length contributed to the increase of the angle between the center strand and lay strand. The bearing axial load of the lay strand increased with angle between center strand and lay strand decreasing. So, the compression load of the WRI was increased with the increasing of the pitch length of the wire rope.

The stiffness-damping characteristics of the GGQ-99 WRI with different pitch lengths of wire ropes are shown in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9, both the ratio of K1 to K2 and the energy dissipation coefficient of the WRI fluctuated with the increase of the pitch length of the arc rope. When the rope pitch was equaled to 7.5 times the diameter of rope, the ratio of K1 to K2 was the smallest and less than 0.2 and the energy dissipation coefficient was the biggest.

The characteristics of the Polycal WRI depend on the structure of the wire rope, including the diameter of the single strand, the pitch length of the single strand, and the bending radius of the wire rope. In this section, the influence of the bending radius (R) of the arc rope on the stiffness-damping characteristics of the Polycal WRI is studied. The diameter ratio of the wire strand was 1.1. The inside layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand. The outside layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, and the pitch length of the wire rope was 7.5 times its diameter. The bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm, and the bending radius of the wire rope was 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, and 65 mm, respectively. The FEM models of the GGQ-99 WRI with different bending radii are shown in Figure 10. The load-displacement hysteresis loops of the GGQ-99 WRI with different bending radii of arc ropes are shown in Figure 11.

As shown in Figure 11, the compression load of the WRI increased with increasing bending radius of arc ropes. Because the compression load of the WRI was inversely proportional to the curvature of the wire rope, the curvature of the wire rope decreased with increasing bending radius of arc ropes. The compression load of the WRI increased with increasing bending radius of arc ropes.

The stiffness-damping characteristics of the GGQ-99 WRI with different bending radii of the wire rope are shown in Figure 12. The ratio of K1 to K2 increased with increasing bending radius. However, the energy dissipation coefficient of the WRI decreased with increasing bending. When the bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm, the ratio of K1 to K2 was the smallest and the energy dissipation coefficient was the biggest.

In conclusion, the stiffness-damping characteristics were the best; when the diameter ratio of the wire strand was 1.1, the inside layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand, the outside layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, and the pitch length of the wire rope was 7.5 times its diameter. The bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm.

In the previous section, the influence rules of the diameter ratio of the wire strand (nr), the pitch length of the wire strand (), the pitch length of the wire rope (P), and the bending radius (R) for the stiffness-damping performance of the Polycal WRI were discussed. The prediction model of the stiffness-damping characteristic of the WRI was established by using the dimensionless diameter ratio of the wire strand (nr), the pitch length of the wire strand (), the pitch length of the wire rope (P), and the bending radius (R). The theoretical basis of equations (5) and (6) is the theorem in dimensional analysis. According to the principle of dimensional analysis, all structural parameters are transformed into a dimensionless form, and the number of variables is reduced to obtain the corresponding calculation formula as follows:where E1 is the elastic modulus of the steel wire material (E1 = 193000 MPa), H is the height of the GGQ-99 WRI (H = 99 mm), and D is the diameter of the arc rope (D = 8 mm). The x, k, and c are the undetermined coefficients in the stiffness and damping models, respectively.

As shown in Table 8, the errors of the prestiffness and softened stiffness fitting formulas of the WRI were all within 10%, and more than half of the errors were within 5%. The error of the energy dissipation coefficient of the WRI with the formula was basically within 20%, and more than half of the errors were within 10%. It could be considered that the formula fitted in this study is accurate and reliable by analysing the error results of the overall data. In the design of the Polycal WRI, the stiffness-damping characteristics could be quickly obtained.

The wire rope structural parameters of the GGQ25-62 Polycal WRI are given in Table 9. Besides, the values of H, D, and R are 62 mm, 4.68 mm, and 27.15 mm, respectively.

Through the out-of-plane compression loading-unloading experiment of the WRI, its stiffness-damping characteristics were obtained. Figure 13 shows the load-displacement curve of the GGQ25-62WRI, and the values of K1, K2, and C could be calculated from this figure, and Table 10 also shows the specific values.

This paper firstly presented the results of the mechanical properties of the wire rope with different diameter ratios and lay pitches of the single strand. By using the corrected simplified finite element method of the Polycal WRI, the influence of the diameter ratio and lay pitch of the single strand and the lay pitch and bending radius of the wire rope on the stiffness and damping characteristics of the Polycal WRI were studied. Several key conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)The stiffness-damping characteristics were best; when the diameter ratio of wire strand was 1.1, the inside layer wire pitch length was 6 times the diameter of the wire strand, the outside layer wire pitch length was 11 times the diameter of the wire strand, the pitch length of the wire rope was 7.5 times its diameter, and the bending radius was equal to 46.5 mm.(2)The effective prediction models of stiffness and damping about the structural parameters of the wire rope were established, which combined the properties of a steel wire material and the overall structure of the WRI. More than half of the errors of the prestiffness and softened stiffness fitting formulas of the Polycal WRI were within 5%. And more than half of the errors of the energy dissipation coefficient of the WRI were within 10%. The fitted value was compared with the experimental data, the errors were within 20%, and the prediction model was verified.