ross hydraulic pump free sample

Direct drop in replacement for TRW Ross hydraulic motors. Our motors meet or exceed all specifications for RPM, flow rate, pressure and torque for the Ross hydraulic motors.

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB24009 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 18.08 cubic inch displacement. Wheel mount. 1" shaft with key. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 250 RPM maximum speed. 7169 inch lbs. of torque. 19.81 GPM maximum flow rate. 2973 PSI...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB24004 low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 19.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 1766 PSI continuous. Torque 4956 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 240 RPM continuous...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB24002 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 18.08 cubic inch displacement. 6 bolt magneto flange mount. SAE 6B spline shaft. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 250 RPM maximum speed. 7169 inch lbs. of torque. 19.81 GPM maximum flow...

Drop in replacement for Ross MAB16004 low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 12.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 2061 PSI continuous. Torque 3540 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 375 RPM continuous...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB40008 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 28.18 cubic inch displacement. 6 bolt magneto flange mount. 1" shaft with woodruff key. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 160 RPM maximum speed. 9602 inch lbs. of torque. 19.81 GPM...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB24110 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 18.08 cubic inch displacement. 6 bolt magneto flange mount. SAE 6B spline shaft. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 250 RPM maximum speed. 7169 inch lbs. of torque. 19.81 GPM maximum flow...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB24022 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 18.08 cubic inch displacement. 6 bolt magneto flange mount. SAE 6B spline shaft. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 250 RPM maximum speed. 7169 inch lbs. of torque. 19.81 GPM maximum flow...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB16110 low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 12.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 2061 PSI continuous. Torque 3540 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 375 RPM continuous...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB16056 low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 12.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 2061 PSI continuous. Torque 3540 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 375 RPM continuous...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MAB16016 hydraulic motor. Low speed, high torque. 11.96 cubic inch displacement. 6 bolt magneto flange mount. 1-1/4" 14 spline shaft. 7/8"-14 SAE ports. 330 RPM maximum speed. 4691 inch lbs. of torque. 17.96 GPM maximum...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MB180603CCCB low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 19.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 1766 PSI continuous. Torque 4956 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 240 RPM continuous...

Drop in equivalent to Ross MB180603CCCA low speed, high torque hydraulic motor. 19.20 cu. in. / rev displacement. Maximum pressure 1766 PSI continuous. Torque 4956 in-lb. continuous. Maximum speed 240 RPM continuous...

U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,177 HYDRO ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVE, Dominic Wickman, Date of patent: Jun. 23, 1998 Uses a hydraulic drive system for powering a vehicle, includes a fluid circuit, a battery driven motorized pump operable to circulate fluid around the fluid circuit, a turbine-generator operably associated with the fluid circuit to generate hydro electricity, and a drive motor for driving the vehicle connectable to the turbine-generator to be powered by the hydro-electricity. The drive system may include an automatic switching system for enabling change over from charging of a first set of batteries and discharging of a second set of batteries to charging of the second set of batteries and discharging of the first set of batteries when the first set of batteries has charged above a predetermined level or the second set of batteries has discharged below a predetermined level.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,090,577 Solar celled hybrid vehicle, Wallace H. Moore, Date of patent: May 23, 1978 A front wheel driven, gas powered vehicle is converted to include a rear differential connected for power input to a first and second electrical motor, or a single electric motor if desired. When first and second electrical motors are used they are connected in parallel, the power input thereto being brought across a current limiting series of resistors to protect and control the current level thereto. A switching circuit connects in various series and parallel combinations a plurality of batteries and concurrently switches the necessary current limiting resistance. Thus a control combination is provided including a manual selector for the desired forward and reverse directions and the low and high current ranges which is further multiplied by the various resistances. In this configuration, the normally available gasoline power plant is retained in the vehicle and is augmented during periods of nonoptimal use by the above electric motor provisions. This electric power can be periodically replenished either by way of a charger or a set of solar panels placed on the roof of the vehicle.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,162,094 B2 HYDRAULIC HYBRID VEHICLE WITH LARGE-RATIO SHIFT TRANSMISSION AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF, Inventors: Charles L. Gray, Jr., Daniel W, Barbas, Date of patent: Apr. 24, 2012 A vehicle includes an internal combustion engine configured to power a hydraulic pump to pressurize hydraulic fluid which is used to power the vehicle directly or is stored in an accumulator. A drive module, including a hydraulic pump/motor and a multi-speed mechanical transmission, is operatively coupled to drive wheels of the vehicle to provide motive power to the vehicle. The drive module can also include a second hydraulic motor (or multiple hydraulic motors) configured to provide motive power. The transmission is configured to progress through its gears at ratio shifts of no less than 2:1 between adjacent gear positions. The transmission is configured to place the hydraulic motor in neutral during some portions of vehicle operation, and to engage the motor during other portions of vehicle operation. While these devises may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not suitable for providing a sustainable torque system that does not consist of a combustible engine, a battery stack as the continued source for powering a vehicle, a combustible engine with a generator mounted to it creating electric power, lengthy recharging time of primary battery source. In these respects, the sustainable torque system according to the first embodiment substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of providing a sustainable torque system that can produce torque for a number of applications without the need of a combustible engine, costly refueling, a large number of battery stacks as the continuous energy source or lengthy recharging time associated with a primary battery operated vehicle. In conclusion, insofar as I am aware, no renewable or sustainable energy source formerly developed for the automobile industry, bus industry, truck industry, residential homes, commercial buildings, industrial plants, marine vehicles, aerospace, rail transportation, etc., provides a constant source of electric power, or torque without the dependence of sun power, stored energy from batteries (as the continual energy source), combustible engine, combustible engine powered generators, etc. Items such as batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, solar panels, combustible engines, generators, etc., alone or in combination are used to extend the range of travel for combustible, electric or hybrid vehicles, while resulting in one of the following: costly refueling, timely recharging process, dependence on sun light, wave activity or wind available, costly infrastructure deployment.

To attain this, the embodiments generally comprise an initial power source that is connected by conductive material to a electric motor hydraulic pump system which connects via tubing to a directional flow valve which connects via tubing to a cylinder. The cylinder is connected mechanically to a rotary transmission which converts the linear strokes of the cylinder into rotational energy. A generator is connected mechanically to the rotary transmission in which the generator is now creating power. The generator is connected by conductive material to the electric motor hydraulic pump system. The initial power source may now be disengaged, as the sustainable torque system is running on power from the generator.

FIG. 9 is a basic wiring schematic of the other embodiments connections between the power supply, control box, torque system pump motor (optional directional valve power supply) and generator.

Turning descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 1 through 8 illustrate a sustainable torque system-1 30, which comprises a power source, battery 40a, connected by conductive wires 44aand 44b. Conductive wire 44bconnects to on/off switch 48a, which connects to conductive wire 46. Conductive wire 46 and conductive wire 44aconnects to hydraulic pump motor assembly 49. Hydraulic pump assembly 49 connects to flow tubings 55aand 55bwhich connects to auto reciprocating valve assembly 58, which connects to flow tubing large 64aand 64b, and flow tubing large 64aand 64bconnects to cylinder assembly 66, which connects to linear to rotational box 70, which connects to transfer assembly 97, which connects to shaft sleeve lock 118a. Shaft sleeve lock 118aconnects to dc generator 129awhich connects to conductive wires 44a, 44band on/off switch 48a. On/off switch 48aconnects to conductive wire short 46. Wire short 46 and conductive wire 44aconnects to hydraulic pump assembly 49. Conductive wires 44aor 44bmay be disconnected from power source, battery 40a, allowing energy from dc generator 129ato power sustainable torque system-1 30.

As shown in FIGS. 1 through 8 of the drawings representing sustainable torque system-1 30 (FIG. 1) power source, battery 40ais comprised of any well-known design and materials. Battery 40aconnects to conductive wires 44aand 44bwith a nut and bolt. Conductive wires 44a, 44band 46 are constructed of copper wire with suitable connecting ends (for mating to adjacent components) comprised of steel alloy and crimped to the end of the copper wire. The copper wire has an outer insulated casing comprised of any well-known flexible material. On/off switch 48ais soldered, crimped or nut and screw fastened (not shown) to conductive wires 44band 46 respectively. Conductive wires 44a, and 46 are connected by screw fasteners to hydraulic pump dc motor 50, comprised of well-known design and materials, hydraulic pump assembly 49 comprised of a hydraulic pump dc motor 50, directional flow block short 52a, a mechanical pump assembly (not shown) and a pump reservoir 57, comprised of steel alloy welded together. Directional flow block long 52a(comprised of aluminum alloy and steel set screw) of hydraulic pump assembly 49 connects mechanically to high pressure resistant (outlet) flow tubings 55band (inlet/return) 55acomprised of any well-known material. Flow tubings 55band 55aconnects mechanically to directional flow block short 53a(comprised of aluminum alloy) which is socket head screw fastened to an automatic reciprocating valve 59. Automatic reciprocating valve 59, provides a predetermined adjustable pressure setting, once reached, reverses the flow direction, comprised of well-known design and material. Enabling directional flow block short 53aports adjacent to flow tubing large 64aand 64bto act as an inlet or outlet ports respectively. Directional flow block short 53a, connected with socket head cap screws to support bracket 63 (comprised of steel alloy), and connects mechanically to high pressure resistant flow tubing large 64aand 64bcomprised of any well-known material. Flow tubing large 64aand 64bconnects mechanically to a high pressure resistant cylinder 184a, comprised of well-know design and materials. As shown in FIGS. 2 through 4, linear to rotational box 70, taking note of the cylinder end component, bracket end rod 67 connects single connect arm 85 which is comprised of steel alloy, affixed by pin 92b, pin clip 90band 90c(both comprised of steel alloy), via a through hole (not shown) in both bracket end rod 67 and single connect arm 85. Adjacent to single connect arm 85 are steel alloy guide ways, ways shorts 96aand 96baffixed to single connect arm 85 with recessed screw fasteners. Opposing ways short 96aand 96bare ways long 94aand 94brespectively (both comprised of steel alloy). Ways long 94aconnects with screw fasteners to a recessed slot cutaway of housing back plate 72 (comprised of steel alloy), ways long 94bconnects in the same manner to housing front plate 77. Rack gears 86aand 86bcomprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground, and rack gear holders 88aand 88bcomprised of steel alloy, are affixed with screw fasteners. Rack gear holders 88aand 88bare affixed with socket head cap screws to single connect arm 85 respectively. Housing back plate 72 has a depth hole that receives bearing assembly-2 79athat are well-known in the art, which is press fitted into position. Bearing assembly-2 79bassembles in the same manner with housing front plate 77. Turning to the exploded section in FIG. 4, spur gears 81aand 81bare hardened gears and precision ground, that receive press fit roller clutch bearings 83aand 83brespectively, that are well-known in the art. Main shaft 78, comprised of precision ground hardened steel alloy, which is slip fitted through roller clutch bearings 83aand 83brespectively, with one end of main shaft 78 is press fitted to bearing assembly-2 79a, and the opposite end slip fitted through bearing assembly 79b. As shown in FIG. 3, housing top plate 71, housing back plate 72, housing side plate 73, housing bottom plate 74, housing support plate 75, housing mount plate 76, housing front plate 77, all comprised of steel alloy, affixed respectively, with socket head cap screws. Cylinder support top plate 122 (has a through hole centered), cylinder support side plate 123b, cylinder support side plate 123a(not shown), and cylinder support base plate 125, all comprised of steel alloy are affixed with socket head cap screws respectively, to form a support mount for cylinder 184a. Cylinder 184ahas a bracket slot end (opposite end of bracket rod end 67) and a through hole which connects to cylinder support top plate 122 (also having a through hole), affixed by pin 92aand pin clip 90a(not shown) both comprised of steel alloy. Cylinder brackets 68aand 68b, cylinder bracket base 69 are comprised of steel alloy and are affixed with socket head cap screws, respectively, to form a support for the frontal portion of cylinder 184a. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, main shaft 78 slip fits through a hole in back plate 100, comprised of transfer assembly 97 (plates 98 through 102bare comprised of steel alloy). Back plate 100 and front plate 101 have 5 depth holes each, to receive press fit bearing assembly 109a-jrespectively (bearing assembly 109f-jnot shown), bearing assembly 109a-jare well-known in the art. Gear 104a-eare comprised of hardened steel alloy with precision ground teeth, each having a through hole to receive drive shaft 114a-cand short shaft 115a-b(not shown), shafts comprised of hardened steel alloy with flats to receive set screws. Shaft ends are designed with either slip fit or press fit tolerances, depending on assembly requirements. Plates 98 though 102a-vare affixed with socket head cap screws respectively. Housing front plate 77 attaches to back plate 100 with socket head cap screws. As shown in FIG. 2, Drive shafts 114a-cconnects with set screws (not shown) to shaft sleeve locks 118a-c(comprised of steel alloy). Shaft sleeve lock 118aconnects with a set screw (not shown) to dc generator 129ashaft (dc generator 129acomprised of well-known design and materials). Conductive wires 44aand 44bare affixed to two threaded rod ends protruding from dc generator 129awith steel alloy nuts (not shown). Shaft sleeve locks 118band 118care open to receive other devices that operate using torque, e.g. transmissions, generators, etc. As shown in FIGS. 5 thought 7, FIG. 5 represents the top view of cylinder assembly 66 and linear to rotational box 70, with cross section indicators A-A and B-B. As shown in FIG. 6, illustrates a lateral cross-section through linear to rotational box 70 at section line A-A location. The isometric illustration represents the location of the assembled components and functionality. As shown in FIG. 7, illustrates the longitude cross-section through cylinder assembly 66 and linear to rotational box 70, at section line B-B. The isometric illustration represents the location of the assembled components and functionality. As shown in FIG. 8, a basic schematic connects power supply (battery 40a) to torque system motor (hydraulic pump dc motor 50) and generator (dc generator 129a). The above sustainable torque system process continues until the user desires to no longer utilize the first embodiment (represented in FIG. 1). Removing the connection between the power source (battery 40a) and one of the conductive wires 44aor 44bwill disable the system. Another way to discontinue use, is to toggle on/off switch 48ato the off position. It can be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the sustainable torque system-1 30, with respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of sustainable torque system-1 30, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the first embodiment. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the embodiment. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiment to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiment.

Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 9, through 12 illustrate a sustainable torque system-2 156, which comprises a power source, battery assembly 41, connected by conductive wires 160aand 160bto inverter/converter 164, which is connected to ac wire 168a, which connects to control box-1 176. Control box-1 176 connects to ac wire 168cwhich connects to hydraulic pump assembly ac 180. Hydraulic pump assembly ac 180 connects to flow tubings 55aand 55b, which connects to auto reciprocating valve assembly 58, which connects to flow tubing long 182aand 182b, which connects to multiple cylinder assembly 183. Multiple cylinder assembly 183 connects mechanically to linear to rotational box 70, which connects mechanically to rotary transmission assembly 188, which connects mechanically to transfer assembly 97, which connects mechanically to shaft sleeve lock 118a, which connects mechanically to ac generator 150b. Ac generator 150bconnects to ac wire 168bwhich connects to control box-1 176. Rotate lever on control box-1 176 to generator setting. Energy from ac generator 150bpowers sustainable torque system-2 156.

As shown in FIGS. 9 through 12 of the drawings representing sustainable torque system-2 156, power source, battery assembly 41 is a combination of battery 40aand 40b, comprised of any well-known design and materials. Battery 40aand 40bare connected by cross conductive wire 43, comprised of a copper wire with suitable connecting ends (for mating to adjacent components) comprised of steel alloy and crimped to the end of the copper wire. The copper wire has an outer insulated casing comprised of any well-known flexible material (note: all electrical wires are described in the manner, including this embodiment and all further detail description embodiments unless otherwise described). Battery 40aand 40bare connected by cross conductive wire 43, nut and bolt connection with end fittings. Battery 40aand 40bare connected to inverter wires 160aand 160brespectively, nut and bolt connection with end fittings. Inverter wires 160aand 160bare connected to inverter/converter 164 respectively, nut and bolt connection with end fittings. An optional power source (As shown in FIG. 12), solar panel 157 comprised of well-known design and materials, connected to solar wires 158aand 158b, soldered or screw fastened to solar panel 157, solar wire 158bconnects to solar toggle switch on/off 159, comprised of well-known design and materials, connects to solar wire 158c, soldered or screw fastened. Solar wires 158band 158cconnects to inverter/converter 164 respectively, with nut and bolt connection with end fittings. As shown in FIG. 10, inverter/converter 164, comprised of any well-know design and material (the inverter, in this case, inverters the dc power from battery assembly 41 into alternating current). Ac wire 168aconnects to Inverter/Converter 164 with nut and bolt connection with end fittings, ac wire 168aand 168cconnects to control box-1 176 with bracket and screws (not shown), ac wire 168cconnects to on/off switch 48b, which is soldered, crimped or nut and screw fastened (not shown) to ac wire 168crespectively, which is a part of pump ac motor 181. Hydraulic pump assembly ac 180 is comprised of pump ac motor 181, directional flow block short 52b, a mechanical pump assembly (not shown) and a pump reservoir 57. Directional flow block long 52b(comprised of aluminum alloy) of hydraulic pump assembly ac 180, connects mechanically to high pressure resistant (outlet) flow tubings 55band (inlet/return) 55acomprised of any well-known material. Flow tubings 55band 55aconnects mechanically to directional flow block short 53b(comprised of aluminum alloy) which is socket head screw fastened to automatic reciprocating valve 59. Automatic reciprocating valve 59, provides a predetermined adjustable pressure setting which, once reached, reverses the flow direction (comprised of well-known design and material). Enabling directional flow block short 53bports adjacent to flow tubing long 182aand 182bto act as inlet or outlet ports, respectively. Directional flow block short 53bconnects mechanically to high pressure resistant flow tubing long 182aand 182bcomprised of any well-known material. Flow tubing long 182aand 182bconnects mechanically to high pressure resistant cylinders 184a, 184band 184c. Cylinders 184a, 184band 184cconnect mechanically to multiple connect arm 186, which is comprised of steel alloy, affixed by pins 92a-cand pin clips 90a-f(both comprised of steel alloy). Adjacent and connected to multiple connect arm 186 are steel alloy guide ways, ways short 96aand 96baffixed to single connect arm 186 with recessed screw fasteners. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, linear to rotational box 70 is detailed and described in the first embodiment and may be applied here in the second embodiment as well as other included embodiments. Housing front plate 77 (of linear to rotational box 70) is connected with socket head cap screws to transmission back plate 192, comprised of steel alloy. Transmission back plate 192 is part of rotary transmission assembly 188. Rotary transmission assembly 188 (as shown in FIG. 11) may represent a step-up or step-down rotary transmission. A combination of gears, (end gear large 201, end gear small 202, transmission gear large 194a-c, transmission gear small 198a-c, comprised of hardened steel alloy with precision ground teeth) bearings, shafts, set screws, spacer plates, etc. make up the illustration of the rotary transmission assembly 188 (but not limited to the afore-mentioned items), which is comprised of any well-known design, materials and heat treatment (where applicable), that are well-known in the art. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 (FIGS. 1 and 2 for referencing), transmission front plate 191 connects to back plate 100 with socked head cap screws, transition shaft 199 slip fits through a hole in back plate 100 (transmission plates 190athrough 194care comprised of steel alloy and affixed respectively, with socket head cap screws). Back plate 100 and front plate 101 have 5 depth holes each to receive press fit bearing assembly 109a-jrespectively (bearing assembly 109f-jnot shown), bearing assembly 109a-jare well-known in the art. Gear 104a-eare comprised of hardened steel alloy with precision ground teeth, with each gear having a through hole to receive drive shafts 114a-cand short shafts 115a-b(not shown), shafts comprised of hardened steel alloy with flats to receive set screws. Shaft ends are designed with either slip fit or press fit tolerances depending on assembly requirements. Plates 98 though 102a-bare affixed with socket head cap screws respectively. Drive shafts 114a-cconnect with set screws (not shown) to shaft sleeve locks 118a-c, comprised of steel alloy. As shown in FIG. 10, shaft sleeve lock 118aconnects with a set screw (not shown) to ac generator 150bshaft (generator comprised of well-known design and materials). Ac wire 168bis affixed to ac generator 150bby plug or with screws and connecting end comprised of steel alloy. Ac wire 168bconnects to control box-1 176 by bracket and screws (not shown). Ac wire 168dconnects to ac generator 150band then connects to ac/dc converter and charger 203, comprised of well-known design and materials. Charging wires 172aand 172b(comprised of a copper wire with suitable connecting ends comprised of steel alloy, crimped to the end of the copper wire, the copper wire has an outer insulated casing comprised of any well-known flexible material) connects to ac/dc converter and charger 203 and to battery assembly 41. Dc controller wire 169aand 169bconnects to ac/dc converter and charger 203 and to throttle/motor controller 162 (controller comprised of well-known design and materials). Controller motor wire 170aand 170bconnects to throttle/motor controller 162 and to dc motor 163 (comprised of well-known design and materials). Throttle wire 166 connects to throttle 165 (comprised of well-known design and materials) and to throttle/motor controller 162. Dc motor 163 connects mechanically to drive train 167a, comprised of well-known design and materials. Shaft sleeve locks 118band 118care open to receive other devices that uses torque to operate, e.g. transmissions, generators, propellers, etc. As shown in FIG. 12, shaft sleeve lock 118aconnects with a set screw (not shown) to ac generator 150bshaft, shaft sleeve lock 118bconnects with a set screw (not shown) to ac generator 150ashaft, and shaft sleeve lock 118cconnects with a set screw (not shown) to dc generator 129ashaft (generators comprised of well-known design and materials). Dc wires 45aand 45bare affixed to dc generator 129aby nut and bolt with suitable connecting ends, comprised of steel alloy. Dc wires 45aand 45bconnects (with set screws) to dc/dc converter and charger 207, comprised of well-known design and materials. Charging wires long 173aand 173b, (comprised of a copper wire with suitable connecting ends comprised of steel alloy, crimped to the end of the copper wire, the copper wire has an outer insulated casing comprised of any well-known flexible material), connects dc/dc converter and charger 207 to battery assembly 41. Dc controller wire 169aand 169bconnects dc/dc converter and charger 207. Controller motor wires 170aand 170bconnects to throttle/motor controller 162 (controller comprised of well-known design and materials), and dc motor 163 (comprised of well-known design and materials). Throttle wire 166 connects to throttle 165 (comprised of well-known design and materials) and to throttle/motor controller 162. Dc motor 163 connects mechanically to drive train 167a, comprised of well-known design and materials. Shaft sleeve locks 118a-care may receive other devices that uses torque to operate, e.g. transmissions, propellers, etc. As shown in FIG. 10, Power is generated from ac generator 150b, the user may now turn the toggle switch on control box-1 176 from power supply to generator. After switching the setting, the sustainable torque is running on generator power. The power supply, battery assembly 41, is no longer needed to run the system. As shown in FIG. 9, basic schematic for connecting power supply (battery assembly 41) to the torque system motor (pump ac motor 181) and the generator (dc generator 150b). The above sustainable torque system process continues until the user desires to no longer utilize the second embodiment (As shown in FIG. 10) by removing the connection between the power source, battery assembly 41 and one of the conductive wires 160aor 160b. Another way to discontinue use, is to toggle on/off switch 48bto the off position. With respect to the sustainable torque system-2 156 described above, that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of sustainable torque system-2 156, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by this embodiment. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the embodiment. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiment to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiment.

Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 9, 13 through 16 illustrate a sustainable torque system-3 204, which comprises a power source, battery assembly 41, connected by conductive wires 160aand 160bto inverter/converter 164, which is connected to ac wire 168a, which connects to control box-2 177. Control box-2 177 connects to ac wire 208, which connects to hydraulic pump/cylinder assembly 205, control box-2 177 also connects to directional valve power supply wire 206. Hydraulic pump/cylinder assembly 205 connects mechanically to rotary transmission assembly 188, which connects mechanically to transfer assembly 97, which connects mechanically to shaft sleeve lock 118a, which connects to ac generator 150c. Ac generator 150cconnects to ac wire 168b, which connects to control box-2 177. Rotate lever on control box-2 177 to generator setting. Energy from ac generator 150cpowers sustainable torque system-3 204.

As shown in FIGS. 9, 13 through 16 of the drawings representing sustainable torque system-3 204, power source, battery assembly 41 is a combination of battery 40aand 40band is comprised of any well-known design and materials. Battery 40aand 40bare connected by cross conductive wire 43 comprised of a copper wire with suitable connecting ends (mating to adjacent components), comprised of steel alloy and crimped to the ends of the copper wire. The copper wire has an outer insulated casing comprised of any well-known flexible material (note: all electrical wires are described in the manner, including this embodiment and further detail description embodiments unless otherwise described). Battery 40aand 40bare connected with cross conductive wire 43, by nut and bolt with end fittings. Battery 40aand 40bare connected to inverter wires 160aand 160brespectively, by nut and bolt with end fittings. Inverter wire 160aand 160bare connected to inverter/converter 164 respectively, by nut and bolt with end fittings. Inverter/Converter 164, comprised of any well-know design and material (the inverter, in this case, inverts the dc power from power source, battery assembly 41 to ac current). Ac wire 168aconnects to Inverter/Converter 164 by nut and bolt with end fittings, ac wires 168aand 168b, and pump motor power wire 208 connects to control box-1 177 by bracket and screws (not shown). Pump motor power wire 208 connects to on/off switch 48c. On/off switch 48cis soldered, crimped or nut and screw fastened (not shown) to ac wire 168crespectively, which is part of pump ac motor 181. Hydraulic pump assembly ac-2 205 is comprised of the following items, pump ac motor 181 (comprised of any well-known design and materials), heat sink 236a(comprised of aluminum alloy), motor cooling fan 238a(comprised of steel alloy) connected to pump ac motor 181 shaft with a nut, directional flow block short 52bwhich is connected by socket head cap screws to a mechanical pump assembly (not shown). Directional flow block short 52bis comprised of aluminum alloy, which connects with socket head cap screws to cylinder block 242 (comprised of steel alloy). As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, cylinder block 242 has a reservoir channel 231, that stores fluid to be pumped. Reservoir cover plate 232 (comprised of steel alloy) connects to cylinder block 242 with socket head cap screws (not shown). Reservoir cover plate 232 has a reservoir drain cap 233 (comprised of plastic, e.g., abs, pvc, etc.) is screwed into place. Reservoir fill cap 234 (comprised of plastic, e.g., abs, pvc, etc.) is screwed into place at the top portion of cylinder block 242. As shown in FIG. 13, directional flow block short 52bconnects mechanically to high pressure resistant (outlet) flow tubings 226band (inlet/return) 226acomprised of any well-known material. Flow tubing 226bconnects mechanically to directional valve assembly 214aand 214binlet ports. Flow tubing 226aconnects mechanically to directional valve assembly 214aand 214breturn ports. Directional valve assembly 214aand 214bconnects to directional valve controller 212 by conductive wires. Directional valve controller 212, comprised of well-known design and material, connects by conductive wire to directional valve power supply 210, comprised of well-known design and material. Directional valve power supply 210 connects to directional valve power supply wire 206, which connects to control box-2 177. Directional valve controller 212 connects by conductive wires to limit switch 219a-d(comprised of any well-known design and material). Limit switch 219aand 219b(comprised of any well-known design and material) connects to switch bracket 222a, comprised of steel alloy. Limit switch 219cand 219d(comprised of any well-known design and material) connects to limit switch bracket 222b, comprised of steel alloy. Switch bracket 222bis welded to cylinder block plate 244b, comprised of steel alloy and switch bracket 222ais welded to cylinder block plate 244a, comprised of steel alloy. Block plates 244aand 244bare connected to cylinder block 242 with bolt screws comprised of steel alloy. Directional valve assembly 214aconnects to shaped flow tubings 228aand 228b(comprised of high pressure resistant well-known material), flow tubings 228aand 228bconnects mechanically to cylinder block 242. Pressure gauges 224aand 224b(comprised of any well-known design and materials) are connected mechanically to flow tubings 228aand 228b. Flow tubings 228aand 228bare connected mechanically to pressure relief valves 216aand 216b(comprised of any well-known design and materials), which both are connected to additional high pressure resistant (well-known material) flow tubing, which connects to cylinder block 242. Directional valve assembly 214bconnects to shaped flow tubings 228cand 228d(comprised of high pressure resistant well-known material), flow tubings 228cand 228dconnects mechanically to cylinder block 242. Pressure gauges 224cand 224d(comprised of any well-known design and materials) are connected mechanically to flow tubings 228cand 228d. Flow tubings 228cand 228dare connected mechanically to pressure relief valves 216cand 216d(comprised of any well-known design and materials), which both are connected to additional high pressure resistant (well-known material) flow tubing, which connects to cylinder block 242. As shown in FIG. 16, the internal illustration shows cam 252, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground, connected to connecting rods 250a-j, comprised of harden steel alloy and precision ground, connected to cylinder with levers 246a-band cylinders 248a-d(cylinders comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground, with ring seals, comprised on well-known material). Cylinders are connected to connecting rods with cylinder pins 249a-f, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground. Cylinder with levers 246aand 246bhave levers that triggers the limits switches once the correct distance is reached. Cam 252 connects mechanically to rotary transmission assembly 188 which connects mechanically to transfer assembly 97. Shaft sleeve lock 118a, connects mechanically to the shaft of ac generator 150c, which has motor cooling fan 238bconnected to the shaft of ac generator 150c. Heat sink 236b, comprised of aluminum alloy, press fit over ac generator 150c. Ac wire 168bconnects to ac generator 150c, ac wire 168bconnects to control box-2 177. As shown in FIG. 14, examples of items connected mechanically to shaft sleeve locks 118band 118care transmissions 240 and drive train 167b(both comprised of well-known design and materials), and dc generator 129b(comprised of well-known design and materials) with heat sink 236c(comprised of aluminum alloy) and motor cooling fan 238c(comprised of steel alloy). Power is generated from ac generator 150c, the user may now turn the toggle switch on control box-2 177 from power supply to generator. After switching the setting, sustainable torque system-3 204, is running on generator power. The power supply, battery assembly 41, is no longer required to run the system. As shown in FIG. 9, a basic schematic for connecting power supply (battery assembly 41) to the torque system motor (pump ac motor 181) and the generator (dc generator 150c). The above sustainable torque system process continues until the user desires to no longer utilize the third embodiment (As shown in FIGS. 9, 13 through 16) by removing the connection between the power source, battery assembly 41, and one of the conductive wires 160aor 160b. Another way to discontinue use, is to toggle switch 48cto the off position. With respect to the sustainable torque system-3 204 described above, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of sustainable torque system-3 204, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by this embodiment. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the embodiment. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiment to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiment.

Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 9, 17 through 20 illustrate a sustainable torque system-4 255. A polarity of reference numbers from FIGS. 10 and 11, sustainable torque system-2 156, are applicable to describe items within sustainable torque system-4 255. Sustainable torque system-4 255 differs with the use of pneumatic pump assembly ac 258. Pneumatic pump assembly ac 258 connects to outlet flow tubing 285 which connects to auto reciprocating pneumatic assembly 275. Additional connections are referenced in FIG. 10.

As shown in FIGS. 9, 17 through 20 of the drawings representing sustainable torque system-4 255, many of the items in this embodiment have been discussed, described and illustrated in previous embodiments. Sustainable torque system-4 255 uses a pneumatic pump assembly ac 258. Pneumatic pump assembly ac 258 comprised of pump ac motor 259, comprised of well-known design and materials, connected to on/off switch 48b, pump ac motor 259 connects with socket head cap screws to pneumatic pump case 282, comprised of steel alloy. As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, riveted to pneumatic pump case 282 are inlet valves 262aand 262b, and outlet valves 264aand 264b, comprised of spring steel coated in rubber to create a seal. Pump caps 260aand 260b, comprised of steel alloy, are connected mechanically to pneumatic pump case 282 with socket head cap screws (not shown). Inlet filters 280aand 280b, comprised of brass and nylon fibers, press fit into pump caps 260aand 260b. Cam-straight 266, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground, connects to pneumatic pump ac motor 259 with a set screw. Cam-straight 266 connects with pneumatic connecting rods 272aand 272b, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground, which connects to pneumatic cylinders 270aand 270b, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground. Pneumatic cylinders 270aand 270bconnect to pneumatic connecting rods 272aand 272bwith cylinder pins 249gand 249f, comprised of hardened steel alloy and precision ground. Pneumatic cylinders 270aand 270bhaving cylindrical grooves to receive seal rings 274a-frespectively, comprised of hard rubber. Cam bearings 267aand 267b(are well-known in the art) are press fit into depth holes within pneumatic pump case 282 (not shown). As shown in FIG. 20, a lateral cross section isometric view at position C-C of FIG. 19. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, Pump caps 260aand 260bconnects mechanically to high pressure resistant outlet flow tubing 285, comprised of any well-known material, which connects mechanically to direction flow block pneumatic 277, comprised of aluminum alloy, connects by socket head cap screws to auto reciprocating pneumatic valve 276 (provides a predetermined adjustable pressure setting, once reach reverses the flow direction, comprised of well-known design and material). Exhaust filter 278, comprised of brass and nylon fibers, screw fit into direction flow block pneumatic 277 exhaust port. Support bracket 63, comprised of steel alloy, connects to direction flow block pneumatic 277 with socket head cap screws. Flow block pneumatic 277 connects mechanically to flow tubing, which connects to pneumatic cylinder assembly 271a-c, comprised of well-known design and materials. The above sustainable torque system process continues until the user desires to no longer utilize the fourth embodiment (As shown in FIGS. 9, 10, 17 through 20) by removing the connection between the power source, battery assembly 41 and one of the conductive wires 160aor 160b. Another way to discontinue use, is to toggle on/off switch 48bto the off position. With respect to the sustainable torque system-4 255 described above, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of sustainable torque system-4 255, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by this embodiment. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the embodiment. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiment to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiment.

Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the other embodiments and FIGS. 9, 10, 11, 21 and 22, illustrate a sustainable torque system-5 134. A polarity of reference numbers from FIGS. 10 and 11, sustainable torque system-2 156, are applicable to describe items within sustainable torque system-5 134. Sustainable torque system-5 134 uses radial piston motor 136. Radial-pump assembly 135 connects to radial piston motor 136. Directional flow block 143, mates to radial piston motor 136. Radial piston motor 136 connects mechanically to ac generator 150a. Ac generator 150aconnects to ac wire 168b(referencing FIG. 10 for connections) which connects to control box-1 176, which connects to ac wire 168c, which connects to pump motor ac 137 (referencing FIGS. 21 and 22). Additional connections are referenced in FIGS. 9 through 11, drawings representing sustainable torque system-2 156. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, radial-pump assembly 135 is comprised of pump motor ac 137 (comprised of well-known design and materials), on/off switch 48b(comprised of well-known design and materials), directional flow block 143 (comprised of aluminum alloy), mechanical pump assembly (not shown) and pump reservoir 57. Flow block seals 144aand 144b, comprised of hardened rubber or silicon, socket head cap screws 145aand 145b, comprised of any well-known material, slip fits through direction flow block 143, fastening into radial piston motor 136. Radial piston motor 136 (comprised of well-known design and materials) has a crankshaft 146 (comprised of hardened steel alloy), inlet port 140 and outlet port 141 (directional fluid flow). Crankshaft 146 connects to crank sleeve 147 (comprised of steel alloy) with a set screw (not shown). Crank sleeve 147 connects to the shaft of ac generator 150awith a set screw. Once other components are added from previous embodiments, the above sustainable torque system-5 134 process continues until the user desires to no longer utilize the fifth embodiment (As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10) by removing the connection between the power source, battery assembly 41 and one of the conductive wires 160aor 160b. Another way to discontinue use, is to toggle switch 48b, to the off position. With respect to the sustainable torque system-5 134 described above, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of sustainable torque system-5 134, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by this embodiment. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the embodiment. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiment to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiment.

In use of the first embodiment FIGS. 1 through 8, the user toggles the on/off switch 48ato on position. Energy from power source, battery 40apowers hydraulic pump assembly dc 49. Hydraulic pump assembly dc 49 pumps hydraulic fluid through auto reciprocating valve assembly 58 to cylinder assembly 66. Linear stroke motion from cylinder assembly 66 is converted to rotational torque. Rotational torque from shaft sleeve lock 118arotates main shaft of dc generator 129acreating energy. Energy created from dc generator 129aflows along conductive wires 44a, 44b, 46 and on/off switch 48ato the hydraulic pump assembly dc 49. Power source, battery 40amay now be disconnected from either one of conductive wires 44aor 44b. Sustainable torque system-1 30 is powered by dc generator 129a. To power off sustainable torque system-1 30, toggle on/off switch 48ato off position.

In use of the second embodiment FIGS. 9 through 11, the user rotates lever on control box-1 176 to power source setting. Energy from battery 40aand battery 40broutes to inverter/converter 164 via conductive wires 160aand 160b. Ac wire 168aroutes power from inverter/converter 164 to control box-1 176, power routes from control box-1 176 to hydraulic hump assembly ac 180. The user toggles on/off switch 48bto on position. Hydraulic pump assembly ac 180 pumps hydraulic fluid to cylinders 164a, 164band 164c, linear stroke motion from cylinders are converted to rotational torque. Rotary transmission 188 steps up or steps down (depending on requirements) the rpm derived from main shaft 78. Rotational torque from shaft sleeve lock 118arotates main shaft of ac generator 150bcreating energy. Energy from ac generator 150btravels to control box-1 176 via ac wire 168b. The user rotates lever on control box-1 176 to generator setting. Sustainable torque system-2 156 is powered by ac generator 150b. To power off sustainable torque system-2 156, toggle on/off switch 48bto off position. In use of other embodiments included in various FIGS., as to further discussion of the manner of usage and operation of other embodiments, the same should be apparent from the above description. Accordingly, no further discussion relating to the manner of usage and operation will be provided. With respect to the above descriptions then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the embodiments, to include variations in size, materials, shapes, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the embodiments.

Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative of the principles of the embodiments. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, the reader will see that the sustainable torque systems of various embodiments can be used to create sustainable torque without the need of a combustible engine, or a large number of batteries as the continued energy source providing the main power to a vehicle that eventually will need to be plugged in and recharged. Although the description above contains many specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments but as merely providing illustrations of some of several embodiments. For example, the cylinder layout could utilize one or multiple units; multiple pumps may be used to create additional force, etc.

A gear pump is a type of positive displacement (PD) pump. It moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume using interlocking cogs or gears, transferring it mechanically using a cyclic pumping action. It delivers a smooth pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of its gears.

Gear pumps use the actions of rotating cogs or gears to transfer fluids. The rotating element develops a liquid seal with the pump casing and creates suction at the pump inlet. Fluid, drawn into the pump, is enclosed within the cavities of its rotating gears and transferred to the discharge. There are two basic designs of gear pump: external and internal(Figure 1).

An external gear pump consists of two identical, interlocking gears supported by separate shafts. Generally, one gear is driven by a motor and this drives the other gear (the idler). In some cases, both shafts may be driven by motors. The shafts are supported by bearings on each side of the casing.

As the gears come out of mesh on the inlet side of the pump, they create an expanded volume. Liquid flows into the cavities and is trapped by the gear teeth as the gears continue to rotate against the pump casing.

No fluid is transferred back through the centre, between the gears, because they are interlocked. Close tolerances between the gears and the casing allow the pump to develop suction at the inlet and prevent fluid from leaking back from the discharge side (although leakage is more likely with low viscosity liquids).

An internal gear pump operates on the same principle but the two interlocking gears are of different sizes with one rotating inside the other. The larger gear (the rotor) is an internal gear i.e. it has the teeth projecting on the inside. Within this is a smaller external gear (the idler –only the rotor is driven) mounted off-centre. This is designed to interlock with the rotor such that the gear teeth engage at one point. A pinion and bushing attached to the pump casing holds the idler in position. A fixed crescent-shaped partition or spacer fills the void created by the off-centre mounting position of the idler and acts as a seal between the inlet and outlet ports.

As the gears come out of mesh on the inlet side of the pump, they create an expanded volume. Liquid flows into the cavities and is trapped by the gear teeth as the gears continue to rotate against the pump casing and partition.

Gear pumps are compact and simple with a limited number of moving parts. They are unable to match the pressure generated by reciprocating pumps or the flow rates of centrifugal pumps but offer higher pressures and throughputs than vane or lobe pumps. Gear pumps are particularly suited for pumping oils and other high viscosity fluids.

Of the two designs, external gear pumps are capable of sustaining higher pressures (up to 3000 psi) and flow rates because of the more rigid shaft support and closer tolerances. Internal gear pumps have better suction capabilities and are suited to high viscosity fluids, although they have a useful operating range from 1cP to over 1,000,000cP. Since output is directly proportional to rotational speed, gear pumps are commonly used for metering and blending operations. Gear pumps can be engineered to handle aggressive liquids. While they are commonly made from cast iron or stainless steel, new alloys and composites allow the pumps to handle corrosive liquids such as sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide.

External gear pumps can also be used in hydraulic power applications, typically in vehicles, lifting machinery and mobile plant equipment. Driving a gear pump in reverse, using oil pumped from elsewhere in a system (normally by a tandem pump in the engine), creates a hydraulic motor. This is particularly useful to provide power in areas where electrical equipment is bulky, costly or inconvenient. Tractors, for example, rely on engine-driven external gear pumps to power their services.

Gear pumps are self-priming and can dry-lift although their priming characteristics improve if the gears are wetted. The gears need to be lubricated by the pumped fluid and should not be run dry for prolonged periods. Some gear pump designs can be run in either direction so the same pump can be used to load and unload a vessel, for example.

The close tolerances between the gears and casing mean that these types of pump are susceptible to wear particularly when used with abrasive fluids or feeds containing entrained solids. However, some designs of gear pumps, particularly internal variants, allow the handling of solids. External gear pumps have four bearings in the pumped medium, and tight tolerances, so are less suited to handling abrasive fluids. Internal gear pumps are more robust having only one bearing (sometimes two) running in the fluid. A gear pump should always have a strainer installed on the suction side to protect it from large, potentially damaging, solids.

Generally, if the pump is expected to handle abrasive solids it is advisable to select a pump with a higher capacity so it can be operated at lower speeds to reduce wear. However, it should be borne in mind that the volumetric efficiency of a gear pump is reduced at lower speeds and flow rates. A gear pump should not be operated too far from its recommended speed.

For high temperature applications, it is important to ensure that the operating temperature range is compatible with the pump specification. Thermal expansion of the casing and gears reduces clearances within a pump and this can also lead to increased wear, and in extreme cases, pump failure.

Despite the best precautions, gear pumps generally succumb to wear of the gears, casing and bearings over time. As clearances increase, there is a gradual reduction in efficiency and increase in flow slip: leakage of the pumped fluid from the discharge back to the suction side. Flow slip is proportional to the cube of the clearance between the cog teeth and casing so, in practice, wear has a small effect until a critical point is reached, from which performance degrades rapidly.

Gear pumps continue to pump against a back pressure and, if subjected to a downstream blockage will continue to pressurise the system until the pump, pipework or other equipment fails. Although most gear pumps are equipped with relief valves for this reason, it is always advisable to fit relief valves elsewhere in the system to protect downstream equipment.

Internal gear pumps, operating at low speed, are generally preferred for shear-sensitive liquids such as foodstuffs, paint and soaps. The higher speeds and lower clearances of external gear designs make them unsuitable for these applications. Internal gear pumps are also preferred when hygiene is important because of their mechanical simplicity and the fact that they are easy to strip down, clean and reassemble.

Gear pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity fluids such as oil, paints, resins or foodstuffs. They are preferred in any application where accurate dosing or high pressure output is required. The output of a gear pump is not greatly affected by pressure so they also tend to be preferred in any situation where the supply is irregular.

A gear pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume within interlocking cogs or gears, transferring it mechanically to deliver a smooth pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of its gears. There are two basic types: external and internal. An external gear pump consists of two identical, interlocking gears supported by separate shafts. An internal gear pump has two interlocking gears of different sizes with one rotating inside the other.

Gear pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity fluids such as oil, paints, resins or foodstuffs. They are also preferred in applications where accurate dosing or high pressure output is required. External gear pumps are capable of sustaining higher pressures (up to 7500 psi) whereas internal gear pumps have better suction capabilities and are more suited to high viscosity and shear-sensitive fluids.

Ross Chastain, starting what appears to be another strong season with Trackhouse Racing, has moved into first place in the NBC Sports NASCAR Power Rankings.

1. Ross Chastain (second last week) — Chastain faded near the end at Las Vegas on Sunday but continued to show that he’ll probably be a weekly win threat.

7. Daniel Suarez (ninth last week) — Suarez has had top-10 runs in all three races and, along with teammate Ross Chastain, has kept Trackhouse Racing in the spotlight.

Check that the pump shaft is rotating. Even though coupling guards and C-face mounts can make this difficult to confirm, it is important to establish if your pump shaft is rotating. If it isn’t, this could be an indication of a more severe issue, and this should be investigated immediately.

Check the oil level. This one tends to be the more obvious check, as it is often one of the only factors inspected before the pump is changed. The oil level should be three inches above the pump suction. Otherwise, a vortex can form in the reservoir, allowing air into the pump.

What does the pump sound like when it is operating normally? Vane pumps generally are quieter than piston and gear pumps. If the pump has a high-pitched whining sound, it most likely is cavitating. If it has a knocking sound, like marbles rattling around, then aeration is the likely cause.

Cavitation is the formation and collapse of air cavities in the liquid. When the pump cannot get the total volume of oil it needs, cavitation occurs. Hydraulic oil contains approximately nine percent dissolved air. When the pump does not receive adequate oil volume at its suction port, high vacuum pressure occurs.

This dissolved air is pulled out of the oil on the suction side and then collapses or implodes on the pressure side. The implosions produce a very steady, high-pitched sound. As the air bubbles collapse, the inside of the pump is damaged.

While cavitation is a devastating development, with proper preventative maintenance practices and a quality monitoring system, early detection and deterrence remain attainable goals. UE System’s UltraTrak 850S CD pump cavitation sensor is a Smart Analog Sensor designed and optimized to detect cavitation on pumps earlier by measuring the ultrasound produced as cavitation starts to develop early-onset bubbles in the pump. By continuously monitoring the impact caused by cavitation, the system provides a simple, single value to trend and alert when cavitation is occurring.

The oil viscosity is too high. Low oil temperature increases the oil viscosity, making it harder for the oil to reach the pump. Most hydraulic systems should not be started with the oil any colder than 40°F and should not be put under load until the oil is at least 70°F.

Many reservoirs do not have heaters, particularly in the South. Even when heaters are available, they are often disconnected. While the damage may not be immediate, if a pump is continually started up when the oil is too cold, the pump will fail prematurely.

The suction filter or strainer is contaminated. A strainer is typically 74 or 149 microns in size and is used to keep “large” particles out of the pump. The strainer may be located inside or outside the reservoir. Strainers located inside the reservoir are out of sight and out of mind. Many times, maintenance personnel are not even aware that there is a strainer in the reservoir.

The suction strainer should be removed from the line or reservoir and cleaned a minimum of once a year. Years ago, a plant sought out help to troubleshoot a system that had already had five pumps changed within a single week. Upon closer inspection, it was discovered that the breather cap was missing, allowing dirty air to flow directly into the reservoir.

A check of the hydraulic schematic showed a strainer in the suction line inside the tank. When the strainer was removed, a shop rag was found wrapped around the screen mesh. Apparently, someone had used the rag to plug the breather cap opening, and it had then fallen into the tank. Contamination can come from a variety of different sources, so it pays to be vigilant and responsible with our practices and reliability measures.

The electric motor is driving the hydraulic pump at a speed that is higher than the pump’s rating. All pumps have a recommended maximum drive speed. If the speed is too high, a higher volume of oil will be needed at the suction port.

Due to the size of the suction port, adequate oil cannot fill the suction cavity in the pump, resulting in cavitation. Although this rarely happens, some pumps are rated at a maximum drive speed of 1,200 revolutions per minute (RPM), while others have a maximum speed of 3,600 RPM. The drive speed should be checked any time a pump is replaced with a different brand or model.

Every one of these