salami hydraulic pump parts free sample

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Companies: 10+ – Including Bailey International LLC, Bosch Rexroth AG, Bucher Hydraulics GmbH, CASAPPA SpA, Caterpillar Inc., Dalian engineering, Danfoss AS, Dynamatic Technologies Ltd., Eaton Corp. Plc, Enerpac Tool Group Corp., HYDAC Verwaltung GmbH, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Linde Hydraulics GmbH and Co. KG, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Oilgear, Parker Hannifin Corp., Permco Inc., Salami SpA, Tuthill Corp., and Daikin Industries Ltd. among others

Companies profiledBailey International LLC, Bosch Rexroth AG, Bucher Hydraulics GmbH, CASAPPA SpA, Caterpillar Inc., Dalian engineering, Danfoss AS, Dynamatic Technologies Ltd., Eaton Corp. Plc, Enerpac Tool Group Corp., HYDAC Verwaltung GmbH, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Linde Hydraulics GmbH and Co. KG, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Oilgear, Parker Hannifin Corp., Permco Inc., Salami SpA, Tuthill Corp., and Daikin Industries Ltd.

The hydraulic pumps market is fragmented and the vendors are deploying growth strategies such as increasing their market presence through mergers and acquisitions, and expansion activities to compete in the market.

Story continuesBailey International LLC- The company offers hydraulic pumps such as chief two stage pump 11 gpm and chief two stage pump 16 gpm. Moreover, it is a privately held company headquartered in the US. It is a global company, with limited information regarding its financials and limited information regarding its employee strength is available. Its revenue from the global hydraulic pumps market contributes to its overall revenues along with its other offerings, but it is not a key revenue stream for the company.

55% of the market"s growth will originate from APAC during the forecast period. China and Japan are the key markets for hydraulic pumps in APAC. Market growth in this region will be faster than the growth of the market in the European, North American, and South American regions.

The rapid urbanization and the need to improve connectivity between different regions will facilitate the hydraulic pumps market growth in APAC over the forecast period.

Hydraulic pumps are extensively used in the oil and gas sector. They are used as an alternative to gas lift systems and electric submersible pumps (ESPs). Hydraulic pumps are also favored and used where high flow rates are required, such as in wells having a heavy concentration of sand or other solids from frac operations, as they can handle high gas volumes. The global oil and gas industry is presently undergoing significant expansion and is a primary driver for the growth of the global hydraulic pumps market. There are a lot of factors leading to the expansion of the global oil and gas industry. The demand for oil and natural gas is increasing steadily due to improvements in global economic growth. The global consumption of natural gas exhibited a significant rise due to the increasing adoption of natural gas as a fuel in the last decade. Also, with the rise in fuel consumption from developing economies such as China and India, the demand for natural gas is expected to grow significantly during the forecast period. The rise in investments in E and P activities will increase the demand for hydraulic pumps. These factors will thus drive the growth of the global hydraulic pumps market during the forecast period.Hydraulic Pumps Market Trend:

Hydraulic fluids, including lubricants, perform various functions, including protection against corrosion and wear, transferring contaminants to filters, and dissipating heat from hot zones. However, under certain conditions, these lubricants become flammable. Furthermore, there is a risk of small leaks when lubricants are pressurized in hydraulic lines. The hydraulic system becomes more susceptible to fire due to these leaks. One of the important parameters to consider in selecting the appropriate hydraulic fluid is the operating temperature, which can determine the degree of fire protection required. Some of the industrial applications of FRHFs include mining, die-casting, offshore applications, power generation, iron, and steel industry, among others. They do not readily ignite when sprayed under pressure. Besides providing lubrication and being non-corrosive, glycol fluids are more cost-effective than other hydraulic fluids. Utilizing FRHFs can not only ensure the safe operation of the hydraulic pumps but may even reduce the need for a fire-suppression system. Thus, end-users can prevent and minimize the risks of any fire-related losses by replacing the flammable hydraulic oils with fire-resistant fluids in the hydraulic systems. Such trends can have a positive impact on the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Pump Jack Market by Application and Geography - Forecast and Analysis 2022-2026:The pump jack market share is expected to increase by USD 987.08 million from 2021 to 2026, and the market"s growth momentum will decelerate at a CAGR of 4.78%. To get more exclusive research insights:

Hydraulic Dosing Pump Market by End-user and Geography - Forecast and Analysis 2022-2026:The hydraulic dosing pump market share is expected to increase by USD 247.98 million from 2021 to 2026, and the market"s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 5.59%. To get more exclusive research insights:

10 Vendor Analysis10.1 Vendors covered10.2 Market positioning of vendors10.3 Bailey International LLC10.4 Bosch Rexroth AG10.5 Bucher Hydraulics GmbH10.6 CASAPPA SpA10.7 Danfoss AS10.8 Eaton Corp. Plc10.9 Enerpac Tool Group Corp.10.10 Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd.10.11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.10.12 Parker Hannifin Corp.

GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS "B" SERIES GROUP 2 E0.15.0703.02.01 TM GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS "B" SERIES INDEX

Page 1 - GENERAL INDEXPage 2 - Features - Quick guidePage 3 - Features - General - Working conditions - Fire resistent fluidPage 4 - Features - Drive shaft - Pump rotation direction - Hydraulic pipe linesPage 5 - Features - Filtration index recommended - Tightening torque - Common formulasPage 6 - Features - Identification labelPage 7 - Features - Changing rotation instructionsPage 8 - 2P/MB GROUP 2Page 9 - Combination with types of flanges and drives shafts availablePage 10 - Assembling dimensions and values of pressure and speedPage 11 - Flanged ports - Threaded portsPage 12 - Drive shaftsPage 13 - Drive shafts - Mounting flangesPage 14 - Mounting flangesPage 15 - Outrigger bearingPage 16 - Mounting flanges with support bearingPage 17 - Rear coversPage 18 - Rear cover for multiple pump 2PB/1 PB - Rear covers with main relief valvePage 19 - Rear cover with flow control valvePage 20 - Rear cover with priority flow divider valvePage 21 - Rear cover with load-sensing priority flow divider valvePage 22 - Rear cover with electric unloading valve and main relif + electric unloading valvePage 23 - Multiple gear pumps - Assembling dimensionsPage 24 - Multiple pump with separated stages - 2PB combination with 1PBPage 25 - 26 - 27 - Pump performance curvesPage 28 - 29 - 30 - Motor performance curvesPage 30 - Port connectorsPage 31 - How to order - Single pumpsPage 32 - How to order - Multiple pumpsPage 33 - WARRANTY

E0.15.0703.02.01The data in this catalogue refers to the standard product.The policy of Salami S.p.A. consists of a continuous improvement of its products.It reserves the right to change thespecifications of the different products whenever necessary and without giving prior information.If any doubts, please get in touch with our sales departement. 1 Working conditions GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS "B" SERIES

The diagram shown here below is used as a first dimensioning aid for the choice of pump group. It is based on the value of displacements (horizontal coordinates) and intermittent pressure P2 (vertical coordinates) bar 3.2 5.5 1.4 2.8 2.6 5.8 16 21 28 38 55 64280 1.1 2.1 46

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 3 cm /revTo use the diagram shown above, select the pump displacement on the basis of flow required.Then draw a vertical line to intersect the line representing the pump series.Now you can select the group on the basis of required application pressure.

SALAMI gear pumps and motors are available in seven series giving options of displacements from 1.1 cm3/rev to98 cm3/rev(from 0.06 cu.in./rev to 6.03 cu.in./rev).All pumps are available as multiple units either of the same or different series.With all sizes of pumps and motors there are options of shafts, flanges and ports as for European, German andAmerican standards.

SALAMI gear pumps and motors offer:• High volumetric efficiency by innovative design and accurate control of machining tolerances.• Axial compensation achieved by the use of floating bushes that allow high volumetric efficiency throughout the working pressure range.• DU bearings ensure high pressure capability.• 12 teeth integral gear and shaft.• Extruded alluminum body.• Die cast alluminum cover and flange - cast iron rear.• Double shafts seals in all pump series except Group 1.• Nitrile seals as standard and viton seals in high temperature applications. All pumps and motors are hydraulic tested after assembly to ensure the high standard performance required by SALAMI"S engineering.

- Pump inlet pressure 0,7 to 2,5 bar 10 to 36 psi - Return pipe line continuos pressure for motors MAX 2,5 bar - 36 psi - Return pipe line intermit. pressure for motors MAX 6 bar for 15 sec - 85 psi - Return pipe line peak pressure for motors MAX 15 bar - 215 psi - Minimum operating fluid viscosity 12 mm2 / sec - Max starting viscosity 800 mm2 / sec - Suggested fluid viscosity range 17 - 65 mm2 / sec - Fluid operating temperature range -15 to +85 °C - Hydraulic fluid mineral oil

Important: in case of assembling of pumps without shaft seals (eg. B2 - B3....), you have to keep the value of min. suction pressure ( 0.7 bar (abs)) in the vane between pump and coupling too. Lower pressure can lead to suction of oil through the front flange (seat of the shaft without seal); this can damage seriously the pump.

3 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS Features "B" SERIES

Radial and axial loads on the shafts must be avoided since they reduce the life of the unit.Pumps driven by power take - off on engines must always be connected by placing an "Oldham" coupling or couplinghaving convex toothed hub.This is to ensure that inevitable misalignment during assembly is reduced to minimum.

To ensure favorable suction conditions it is important to keep pressure drop in suction pipe line to a minimum value(see WORKING CONDITIONS).To calculte hydraulic pipe line size, the designer can use; as an approximate guide, the following fluid speed figures:

The lowest fluid speed values in pipe lines is recommended when the operating temperature range is high and/or for continuosduty.The highest value is recommended when the temperature difference is low and/or for intermittent duty.When tandem pumps are supplied by 2 different reservoirs with 2 different fluids it is necessary to specify "AS" version.In case of reversible motor allowance must be made to ensure the motor is not drained, through the case drain, when stationary.

FOR SCREWS ZINC PLATED REDUCE TIGHTENING TORQUE OF 10% PUMP TYPE BOLT TYPE TORQUE S IZ E S E R IE DIAMETER CLASS Nm B 1 SINGL E M 8 x 1.25 8 .8 20.5 - 25.5 B 1 M 8 x 1.25 8 .8 20.5 - 25.5 MULTIPLE B 2 M 1 0 x 1 .5 8 .8 4 7 -5 1 SINGLE B 2 M 1 0 x 1 .5 1 0 .9 5 0 -5 5 MULTIPLE B 2.5 M 12 8 .8 7 0 -7 5 SINGL E B 2.5 M 12 1 0 .9 7 5 -8 0 MULTIPLE HEX. BOLT 10.9 3 B M 10 4 7 -5 1 HEX. SOCKET H.C.B. 12.9 3 .5 C M 12 8 .8 7 4 -8 5 BOLT 180 3 H M 14 1 0 .9 1 5 0 -1 6 0 TIE ROD

5 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS Features "B" SERIES

A Only for pumps 2PB and 2PZ (except triple 2PB) the identification product B is marked on the top of the pump body as shown here below: C D E F G SALAMI 09/02 MADE IN ITALY 4010998A = Product short descritpion (VD8A/FDD/U4G). 612271211 nr. 13B = Customer part number. 2PB 19S B25 B5C = Salami part number (6235 0025 0).D = Production batch (for Salami management) Product short description.E = Rotation sense (only for pumps). Salami part number and progressive number of assembling. Production code (for Salami management).F = Manufacturing date (see data sheet here below) Month and year of made: maybe in the future you can find thisG = Progressive number of assembling. type of production date in the label beside too. Rotation sense.

Before starting, be sure that the pump is COVERcleaned externally as well as the workingarea to avoid that particles dangerous forpump working can find their way into thepump. DRIVING GEARPump represented is aclockwise rotationpump.To obtain an anti_clockwise rotation readcarefully the following instructions. FLANGEPicture "A" Picture "A"1 - Loosen and fully unscrew the clamp BODY bolts.2 - Lay the pump on the working area in order to have the mounting flange turned upside. THRUST PLATE3 - Coat the shaft extension with grease to avoid damaging the shaft seal.4 - Remove the flange and lay it on the working area; Picture "B" verify that the seal is correctly located BOLT in the body seat.Picture "B"1 - Mark the position of the bushing and eventually the thrust plate, relative to BUSHINGthe body.2 - Remove the bushing, thrust plate and the driving gear taking care to avoid Picture "C" driven gear axial shifts. DRIVEN GEARPicture "C"1 - Draw out the driven gear from its housing, taking care to avoid rear cover axial shifts.2 - Re-locate the driven gear in the position previously occupied by the driving gear.Picture "D"1 - Re-locate the driving gear in the position Picture "D" previously occupied by the driven gear.Picture "E"1 - Replace the bushing and thrust plate taking care that: - marks are located as on the picture - surface containing the seal is visible - seal and its protection are correctly located Pict. "E"Picture "F"1 - Clean body and mounting flange refaced surfaces.2 - Verify that the two plugs are located in the body.3 - Refit the mounting flange, turned 180° from its original position.4 - Replace the clamp bolts and tighten crosswise evenly to a torque of 40 - 45 Nm for 2PB, 2.5PB, 45 - 50 Nm for Pict. "F" 3PB, 3.5PB.5 - Check that the shaft rotates freely.6 - Mark on the flange the new direction of rotation.

11 This drawing can be considered an example 7 of standard components of group 2 pump.8GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS "B" SERIES 2P/MB / Group 2

9 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

Displacements up to 1.58 cu.in./rev Displacements up to 25.8 cm3/revPressure up to 4300 psi GEAR PUMPS AND Pressure up to 300 bar MOTORS

Min speed at p1 rpm 600 500 400 400 300 rpm 2.1 2.25 2.5 2.75 2.95 3.1 3.25 Weight lbs 4.6 5.0 5.5 6 6.5 6.8 7.2 * Available only as rear pump

11 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

13 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

Life of bearing under following condition: L=18 mm ( 0.71" ) D (Pulley diameter)=90 mm ( 3.54" ) Hours (h) To calculate the absorbed pump or motor torque, please use the 1000 rpm following formula:

15 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

Standard rear cover Standard cover for reversible pumps and motors, for unidirectional pumps with external drain FC. For the dimension FC please see the table here below. f D1

For pumps with threaded rear ports. For motors with threaded rear ports On request outlet port only. until 22 l/min delivery. PUMPS MOTORS

A D FLOW RATE CALIBRATED (l/min - gpm) G 3/8 G 1/2 ORIFICE Ø d(mm/inch) ± 10% 9/16-18 UNF-2B (SAE 6) 3/4-16 UNF-2B (SAE 8) 1.5 (0.06") 2.5 (0.66) 2 (0.08") 4 (1.06) FLOW CONTROL VALVE (VR - VRS) 2.4 (0.09") 6 (1.59) 3 - way flow control valve housed in a special cast iron 2.8 (0.11") 8 (2.11) cover which ensures constant flow regardless pump speed and system pressure variations.It can also be 3.1 (0.12") 10 (2.64) supplied with adjustable pressure relief valve whose 3.5 (0.14") 12.5 (3.30) relieved flow goes into excess pump flow line.In this 4 (0.16") 16 (4.23) way the max fluid temperature is lower than obtained if the excess flow returned directly to pump inlet.The 4.4 (0.17") 20 (5.28) flow regulated is determined by the diameter of hole 4.9 (0.19") 25 (6.61) on the threaded dowel (see table).

19 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2PB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

A D FLOW RATE CALIBRATED (l/min - gpm) G 3/8 G 1/2 ORIFICE Ø d(mm/inch) ± 10% 9/16-18 UNF-2B (SAE 6) 3/4-16 UNF-2B (SAE 8) 1.5 (0.06") 2.5 (0.66) 2 (0.08") 4 (1.06) PRIORITY FLOW DIVIDERS ( VP - VPS ) 2.4 (0.09") 6 (1.59) These are basically the same as VR valves differing 8 (2.11) 2.8 (0.11") only because the two flows can be loaded at the same time for supplying two separate circuits defined priority 3.1 (0.12") 10 (2.64) flow remains constant regardless of pump speed and 3.5 (0.14") 12.5 (3.30) system pressure variations.The second defined excess 4 (0.16") 16 (4.23) flow is directly proportional to pump speed.Priority flow is determined by diameter of hole on threaded dowel 4.4 (0.17") 20 (5.28) (see table).The max. pressure of the priority circuit can 4.9 (0.19") 25 (6.61) be limited by valve which relieves into pump suction.

21 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

Front pump Middle pump Rear pump This is the cover 1 2 3 1 of Salami standard pump This is a Salami standard pump, These units are pre-arranged for all drive shafts have a splined end multiple pumps, they have the drive shaft code 61 Finally to assembly the multiple pump you need to order bolts of the right length

The 2PB pumps can be easily transformed into front pump in the multiple units. All drive shaftsare pre-arranged and have a splined end according DIN 5482. The first unit must always be thesame size or bigger than following units. The features and performances are the same of thecorresponding single units: only in the case of simultaneous operating you have to verify that theinlet torque is lower than the max. transmissible by the drive shaft.

23 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS 2P/MB / Group 2 "B" SERIES

Max. torque 115 Nm Coupling O Ring see page 5 Multiple pump with 13 13 16 23 separated stages A H (0.512) (0.512) (0.629) H (0.906) components kit: B B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

the drive shaft 5 is longer than standard code 61 Finally to assembly this pump you need to order bolts of the right length ( 0.626 ) 15.9

code AS Order example: Front pump 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rear pump 2PB 11.3/2PB 8.3D - P28 P1 - AS

PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES Input power (kW) Flow U.S. gpm (l/min) 6.2

FUNCTION CODE Adjusted flow l/min Pump P PD1=pre-arranged for 1PB rear (pag.18) Motor M VALVES IN THE COVER CODES SERIES Adjustable main relief valve (pag.18) VS Fixed setting main relief valve* VSF TYPE DISPLACEMENTS Like VS with external discharge (pag.18) VSE 4.5 4.6 cm3/rev. 0,27 cu.in/rev. Like VS with lateral external discharge(pag.18) VSL 6.2 6.5 cm3/rev. 0,40 cu.in/rev. Like VSF with external discharge* VSEF 8.3 8.2 cm3/rev. 0,50 cu.in/rev. Flow regulator with excess flow to tank(pag.19) VR 11.3 11.5 cm3/rev. 0,68 cu.in/rev. Priority flow divider with excess flow VP 13.8 13.8 cm3/rev. 0,84 cu.in/rev. to 2 nd actuator(pag.20) 16 16.6 cm3/rev. 1.01 cu.in/rev. Like VR with main relief valve(pag.19) VRS 19 19.4 cm3/rev. 1.15 cu.in/rev. Like VP with main relief valve(pag.20) VPS 22.5 22.9 cm3/rev. 1.37 cu.in/rev. 26 25.8 cm3/rev. 1.58 cu.in/rev. Priority flow divider with Load-sensing(pag.21) VPL Like VPL with dinamic signal(pag.21) VPD ROTATION CODES Electric unloading valve (12 V) (pag.22) EV1 Clockwise D Electric unloading valve (24 V) (pag.22) EV2 Anti-clockwise S Main relief and electric unloading valves (12V) (pag.22) EVS1 Reversible R Main relief and electric unloading valves (24 V) (pag.22) EVS2

Tapered 1:5 (only for CB) 26 SEAL CODE Tapered 1:8 28 Buna Standard SAE A splined 9 T 52 Viton V SAE A splined 11 T 54 DIN 5482 splined 61 MOUNTING FLANGES (pag. 13 - 14) CODES DIN 5482 splined shaft 62 European standard P1 German standard Ø 80 B1 Parallel shaft Ø 15 81 German standard Ø 52 B2-B3 SAE A parallel shaft Ø 15,87 82 German standard Ø 50 B4-B5 SAE A parallel shaft Ø 19,05 85 SAE A 2 bolts S2*The assembling is the same of that of page 18. SAE A 2 bolts (with O-ring on the centering collar) S6 4 bolts for Perkins Motor K1 Order example: Pump 2PB 19D, ports SAE (R), drive shaft (52), mounting flange (S2) with valve in the cover (VPS 12,5 l/min) and pressure relief valve setting 180 bar: 2PB 19D-R52 S2-VPS12,5/180 31 GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS How to order/Group 2 "B" SERIES

TYPE DISPLACEMENTS 3.2 3.2 cm3/rev. 0.19 cu.in/rev. See corresponding single 3.9 3.9 cm3/rev. 0.24 cu.in/rev. pump ( 1PB ) 4.5 4.6 cm3/rev. 0,27 cu.in/rev. 6.2 6.5 cm3/rev. 0,40 cu.in/rev. 8.3 8.2 cm3/rev. 0,50 cu.in/rev. PD1 = pre-arranged for 1PB rear(pag.18) 11.3 11.5 cm3/rev. 0,68 cu.in/rev. 13.8 13.8 cm3/rev. 0,84 cu.in/rev. OUTRIGGER BEARINGS (pag. 15 - 16) CODES 16 16.6 cm3/rev. 1.01 cu.in/rev. European standard CP 19 19.4 cm3/rev. 1.15 cu.in/rev. German standard CB 22.5 22.9 cm3/rev. 1.37 cu.in/rev. For engine endothermic motors CL 26 25.8 cm3/rev. 1.58 cu.in/rev. For endothermic motors with axial and radial loads CF ROTATION CODES SAE A CS Clockwise D Anti-clockwise S PORTS POSITION CODES Lateral ports standard PORTS (pag. 11) CODES Rear ports (pag.17) 1 Flanged ports european standard P Flanged ports german standard B SUCTION TYPES CODES GAS threaded ports (BSPP) G Common suction (pag.23) UA* SAE Threaded ports (ODT) R Separated tank (pag.24) AS

*UA: this type of multiple pump is a Salami standard multiple pump which has only one inlet port opened, all the other inlet port are closed. In case of common suction, the code 1 - 2 or 3, correspond to the body where inlet is located.

Example to order a tandem pump with common suction: 2PB 16/6.2D - B25 B2 - UA1 Example to order a triple pump with main relief in the rear pump: 2PB 13.8/8.3/4.5D - P28 P0 - VS175

- Our sole obligation to buyer under this warranty is the repair or replacement, at our option, of any products or parts thereof which, under normal use and proper maintenance, have proven defective in material or workmanship, this warranty does not cover ordinary wear and tear, abuse, misuse, averloading, alteration.

- No claims under this warranty will be valid unless buyer notifies SALAMI in writing within a reasonable time of the buyer"s discovery of such defects,but in no event later than twelve (12) mounths from date of shipment to buyer.

- Our obligation under this warranty shall not include any transportation charges or cost of installation, replacement, field repair, or other charges related to returning products to us; or any liability for directs, indirects or consequential damage or delay.If requested by us, products or parts for which a warranty claim is made are to be returned transportation prepaid to our factory. The risk of loss of any products or parts thereof returned to SALAMI will be on buyer.

- No employee or representative is authorized to change any warranty in any way or grant any other warranty unless such change is made in writing and signed by an officer of SALAMI. TMSALAMI spavia Emilia Ovest 100641100 Modena Italytelefono 059 387411telefax 059 387500export@salami.it - www.salami.it

SALAMI ESPAÑAPoligono Industrial ArmenteresC/Primer de Maig, 18, Nave 408980 San Feliu de LlobregatBarcelonatelefono 93-6327288telefax 93-6667826salami1@terra.es

A gear pump is a type of positive displacement (PD) pump. It moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume using interlocking cogs or gears, transferring it mechanically using a cyclic pumping action. It delivers a smooth pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of its gears.

Gear pumps use the actions of rotating cogs or gears to transfer fluids. The rotating element develops a liquid seal with the pump casing and creates suction at the pump inlet. Fluid, drawn into the pump, is enclosed within the cavities of its rotating gears and transferred to the discharge. There are two basic designs of gear pump: external and internal(Figure 1).

An external gear pump consists of two identical, interlocking gears supported by separate shafts. Generally, one gear is driven by a motor and this drives the other gear (the idler). In some cases, both shafts may be driven by motors. The shafts are supported by bearings on each side of the casing.

As the gears come out of mesh on the inlet side of the pump, they create an expanded volume. Liquid flows into the cavities and is trapped by the gear teeth as the gears continue to rotate against the pump casing.

No fluid is transferred back through the centre, between the gears, because they are interlocked. Close tolerances between the gears and the casing allow the pump to develop suction at the inlet and prevent fluid from leaking back from the discharge side (although leakage is more likely with low viscosity liquids).

An internal gear pump operates on the same principle but the two interlocking gears are of different sizes with one rotating inside the other. The larger gear (the rotor) is an internal gear i.e. it has the teeth projecting on the inside. Within this is a smaller external gear (the idler –only the rotor is driven) mounted off-centre. This is designed to interlock with the rotor such that the gear teeth engage at one point. A pinion and bushing attached to the pump casing holds the idler in position. A fixed crescent-shaped partition or spacer fills the void created by the off-centre mounting position of the idler and acts as a seal between the inlet and outlet ports.

As the gears come out of mesh on the inlet side of the pump, they create an expanded volume. Liquid flows into the cavities and is trapped by the gear teeth as the gears continue to rotate against the pump casing and partition.

Gear pumps are compact and simple with a limited number of moving parts. They are unable to match the pressure generated by reciprocating pumps or the flow rates of centrifugal pumps but offer higher pressures and throughputs than vane or lobe pumps. Gear pumps are particularly suited for pumping oils and other high viscosity fluids.

Of the two designs, external gear pumps are capable of sustaining higher pressures (up to 3000 psi) and flow rates because of the more rigid shaft support and closer tolerances. Internal gear pumps have better suction capabilities and are suited to high viscosity fluids, although they have a useful operating range from 1cP to over 1,000,000cP. Since output is directly proportional to rotational speed, gear pumps are commonly used for metering and blending operations. Gear pumps can be engineered to handle aggressive liquids. While they are commonly made from cast iron or stainless steel, new alloys and composites allow the pumps to handle corrosive liquids such as sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide.

External gear pumps can also be used in hydraulic power applications, typically in vehicles, lifting machinery and mobile plant equipment. Driving a gear pump in reverse, using oil pumped from elsewhere in a system (normally by a tandem pump in the engine), creates a hydraulic motor. This is particularly useful to provide power in areas where electrical equipment is bulky, costly or inconvenient. Tractors, for example, rely on engine-driven external gear pumps to power their services.

Gear pumps are self-priming and can dry-lift although their priming characteristics improve if the gears are wetted. The gears need to be lubricated by the pumped fluid and should not be run dry for prolonged periods. Some gear pump designs can be run in either direction so the same pump can be used to load and unload a vessel, for example.

The close tolerances between the gears and casing mean that these types of pump are susceptible to wear particularly when used with abrasive fluids or feeds containing entrained solids. However, some designs of gear pumps, particularly internal variants, allow the handling of solids. External gear pumps have four bearings in the pumped medium, and tight tolerances, so are less suited to handling abrasive fluids. Internal gear pumps are more robust having only one bearing (sometimes two) running in the fluid. A gear pump should always have a strainer installed on the suction side to protect it from large, potentially damaging, solids.

Generally, if the pump is expected to handle abrasive solids it is advisable to select a pump with a higher capacity so it can be operated at lower speeds to reduce wear. However, it should be borne in mind that the volumetric efficiency of a gear pump is reduced at lower speeds and flow rates. A gear pump should not be operated too far from its recommended speed.

For high temperature applications, it is important to ensure that the operating temperature range is compatible with the pump specification. Thermal expansion of the casing and gears reduces clearances within a pump and this can also lead to increased wear, and in extreme cases, pump failure.

Despite the best precautions, gear pumps generally succumb to wear of the gears, casing and bearings over time. As clearances increase, there is a gradual reduction in efficiency and increase in flow slip: leakage of the pumped fluid from the discharge back to the suction side. Flow slip is proportional to the cube of the clearance between the cog teeth and casing so, in practice, wear has a small effect until a critical point is reached, from which performance degrades rapidly.

Gear pumps continue to pump against a back pressure and, if subjected to a downstream blockage will continue to pressurise the system until the pump, pipework or other equipment fails. Although most gear pumps are equipped with relief valves for this reason, it is always advisable to fit relief valves elsewhere in the system to protect downstream equipment.

Internal gear pumps, operating at low speed, are generally preferred for shear-sensitive liquids such as foodstuffs, paint and soaps. The higher speeds and lower clearances of external gear designs make them unsuitable for these applications. Internal gear pumps are also preferred when hygiene is important because of their mechanical simplicity and the fact that they are easy to strip down, clean and reassemble.

Gear pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity fluids such as oil, paints, resins or foodstuffs. They are preferred in any application where accurate dosing or high pressure output is required. The output of a gear pump is not greatly affected by pressure so they also tend to be preferred in any situation where the supply is irregular.

A gear pump moves a fluid by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume within interlocking cogs or gears, transferring it mechanically to deliver a smooth pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of its gears. There are two basic types: external and internal. An external gear pump consists of two identical, interlocking gears supported by separate shafts. An internal gear pump has two interlocking gears of different sizes with one rotating inside the other.

Gear pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity fluids such as oil, paints, resins or foodstuffs. They are also preferred in applications where accurate dosing or high pressure output is required. External gear pumps are capable of sustaining higher pressures (up to 7500 psi) whereas internal gear pumps have better suction capabilities and are more suited to high viscosity and shear-sensitive fluids.

The Salami hydraulics range includes: directional control valves, hydraulic gear pumps and hydraulic motors. In addition Salami produces components for remote controls, joysticks and cable controls.

The direct control valve includes traditional flow directional control valves (both monoblock and sectional types) and compensated load-sensing directional control valves. Moreover, Salami hydraulic pumps and external gear motors are available with aluminum or cast iron bodies. Finally the range may be used either in standard configurations, multiple combinations or customized configurations.